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Journal articles on the topic 'L-PBF based processing route'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Obasa, Victoria Dumebi, Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju, Oluwashina Phillips Gbenebor, et al. "A Review on Lignin-Based Carbon Fibres for Carbon Footprint Reduction." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (2022): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101605.

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Carbon fibers (CFs) are made mostly from a non-environmentally friendly polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and little from rayon. PAN-based CFs, require huge amount of energy for its production aside its contributions to the global CO2 emission. Therefore, there is recourse to a more environmentally friendly sources of CFs biomass. Recently lignin has been recognized as a potential renewable raw material for carbon fibers to replace PAN-based. The magnitude and quality of CO2 emission of lignin-based CFs are dependent on the processing route. On this premise; this review examines the various lignin-based

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Sehen Issa, Radhi, and Hussein A. Hussein Al-Delfi. "Optimized Deep Learning Technique Based Digital Modulation Identification." Academic Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 1, no. 2 (2025): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.31272/ajece.21.

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In many forms of wireless communication, such as cognitive radio and signal recon, modulation detection is a crucial task. The demand for accurate identification of OFDM signal has increased due to the diversity of modulation techniques and the complex route environment. The enhanced large data processing and categorization capabilities of D-L are thought to be viable answer to these issues. In this study, an effective deep neural network (DNN)-based technique for digital modulation identification is proposed. In addition, we introduce the particle-swarm-optimization (P-S-O) approach to improv

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3

Naffakh, Mohammed. "Biopolymer Nanocomposite Materials Based on Poly(L-lactic Acid) and Inorganic Fullerene-like WS2 Nanoparticles." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172947.

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In the current study, inorganic fullerene (IF)-like tungsten disulphide (WS2) nanoparticles from layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) were introduced into a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymer matrix to generate novel bionanocomposite materials through an advantageous melt-processing route. The effectiveness of employing IF-WS2 on the morphology and property enhancement of the resulting hybrid nanocomposites was evaluated. The non-isothermal melt–crystallization and melting measurements revealed that the crystallization and melting temperature as well as the crystallinity of PLLA we

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4

Kaushal, Sarbjeet, Dilkaran Singh, Dheeraj Gupta, and Vivek Jain. "Processing of Ni–WC–Cr3C2-based metal matrix composite cladding on SS-316L substrate through microwave irradiation." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 8 (2018): 1023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318794846.

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The present paper reports on the development of metal matrix composite clads of Ni–WC–Cr3C2-based materials through microwave heating route. In this study, metal matrix composite clads were deposited on austenitic stainless steel (SS-316 L) inside a multimode-type domestic microwave oven. Experiment trials were carried out at a microwave power of 900 W and frequency of 2.45 GHz. The optimal exposure time for processing of metal matrix composite clads was varied from 60 to 360 s. The microstructural analysis of processed clads revealed that the metal matrix composite clads of approximately 0.85

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Varvara, Simona, Sorin-Aurel Dorneanu, Alexandru Okos, et al. "Dissolution of Metals in Different Bromide-Based Systems: Electrochemical Measurements and Spectroscopic Investigations." Materials 13, no. 16 (2020): 3630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163630.

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The dissolution of the main metals (Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb and Fe) found in waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) was investigated by electrochemical corrosion measurements (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) in different bromide-based systems that could be used as lixiviants in hydrometallurgical route of metals recovery. The analysis of the corrosion products was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. All measurements showed that the addition of bromine in the electrolyte favors to great extents the d

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Rauh, Simon, Shashank Deepak Prabhu, Gerhard Wolf, Lioba Fischer, Nico Hempel, and Peter Mayr. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Copper–Tungsten Powders Manufactured by Milling or Co-Injection Atomization Process." Materials 17, no. 17 (2024): 4394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17174394.

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The processing of pure copper (Cu) has been a challenge for laser-based additive manufacturing for many years since copper powders have a high reflectivity of up to 83% of electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength of 1070 nm. In this study, Cu particles were coated with sub-micrometer tungsten (W) particles to increase the laser beam absorptivity. The coated powders were processed by powder bed fusion-laser beam for metals (PBF-LB/M) with a conventional laser system of <300 watts laser power and a wavelength of 1070 nm. Two different powder manufacturing routes were developed. The first man

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Gunawan, Ratih Yuliani, Andri Irfan Rifai, and Muhamad Alamsyah Irianto. "AutoCAD® 2D for Geometric Design of Terbanggi Besar–Pematang Panggang Highway (Sta.28+650 – Sta.53+650)." Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 5 (2022): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i5.189.

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With a length of approximately 2,818 kilometers, the Trans Sumatra Highway connects cities from Lampung to Aceh. Meticulous planning and adherence to the geometric and technical requirements of the route are required to provide good road service. The purpose of this paper is to specifically redesign the current route on the Terbanggi Besar-Pematang Panggang section of the highway. The information used in this report as a guide for re-planning came from the results of field surveys. The geometric design of this highway was carried out using the manual calculation method based on the Road Design

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Nagy, Ildikó, and János Tamás. "Optimization of Density of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Production Quotas by Pointwise Geostatistic Methods." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 18 (March 4, 2005): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/18/3246.

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The regional distribution of the Hungarian sugar beet production quotas was developed by the conventional concurrency relationships. In our research we analyzed 320 sectors of 9 factories with geostatistic methods in a GIS environment. The applied researches of spatial mean, spatial deviation, deviational ellipse have been introduced by us in this speciality. We used two different methods in our optimization inquiries, where the spatial segment of the standard deviational ellipse was based on a more robust preliminary data processing solution, and this is why it is a less parametricable method

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Naffakh, Mohammed. "Nanocomposite Materials Based on TMDCs WS2 Modified Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Polymer Blends." Polymers 13, no. 13 (2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132179.

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Novel multifunctional biopolymer blend nanocomposites composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) and tungsten disulfide nanotubes (INT-WS2) that are layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) were easily prepared by applying an economical, scalable, and versatile melt processing route. Furthermore, their synergistic effect to enhance the properties of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) matrix was investigated. From morphological analysis, it was shown that the incorporation of 1D (INT)-WS2 into the immiscible PLLA/PVDF mixtures (weight ratios: 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80) led to an improveme

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10

Torre, Roberto. "Advances in the Automatic Lemmatization of Old English: Class IV Strong Verbs (L-Y)." Atlantis. Journal of the Spanish Association for Anglo-American Studies 45, no. 2 (2023): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28914/atlantis-2023-45.2.02.

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The morphological features of an inflectional language like Old English (OE), which also presents generalized spelling inconsistencies, limit the use of lemmatizing and tagging tools that can be applied to natural languages. Consequently, the development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models, which crucially depend on lemmatized corpora, is slowed down. Against this background, this article develops a lemmatizer within the framework of Morphological Generation that allows for the type-based automatic lemmatization of OE class IV strong verbs (L–Y). The lemmatizer incorporates a set of al

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Yongvanich, Niti, Bovornrat Emtip, Boonyarit Hengprayoon, and Ekkapot Jankat. "Synthesis of Spinel Color Pigments from Aluminum Dross Waste." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.282.

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Spinel-based ceramic color pigments were successfully synthesized from utilization of aluminum dross waste and relevant oxide precursors by solid-state processing. Cobalt ions were selected as a chromophore to produce blue pigments. The conventional oxide route was also carried out for comparison purposes. The spinel phase readily formed when fired at 1100 °C; longer duration yielded a higher degree of purity. No preferential orientation of XRD reflection was observed, indicating random crystallographic arrangement. Phase formation was also confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscop

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Ghosh, S., Júlio C. Viana, Rui L. Reis, and João F. Mano. "Osteochondral Tissue Engineering Constructs with a Cartilage Part Made of Poly(L-lactic Acid) / Starch Blend and a Bioactive Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Composite Layer for Subchondral Bone." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 1109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1109.

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Articular cartilage has an inadequate natural rebuilding capacity. Tissue engineering has shown to have potential to provide an effective alternative to engineer the damaged cartilage. In this study, an integrated porous bi-layered scaffold was developed aiming to mimic the requirements of cartilage and underlying subchondral bone. The osteochondral approach explored in this work was to include a common polymeric component in both cartilage and bone components, which maximised the integration at the interface by mean of a melt-based processing route. A blend of starch and poly(Llactic acid),PL

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Kawacka, Iwona, and Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt. "High Prevalence of Virulence-Associated Genes and Length Polymorphism in actA and inlB Genes Identified in Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Meat Products and Meat-Processing Environments in Poland." Pathogens 13, no. 6 (2024): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13060444.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen that has the ability to cause listeriosis, a disease with possible fatal outcomes. The typical route of infection is ingestion of the bacteria with contaminated food. In this study, 13 virulence-associated genes were examined with PCR in the genomes of 153 L. monocytogenes isolates collected from meat products and processing environments in Poland. All isolates possessed genes from LIPI-1—hly, actA, plcA, plcB and mpl—as well as four internalins: inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ. Invasion-associated protein iap, as well as genes prfA and sigB, encoding regulato

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Asnafi, Nader. "Application of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion for Direct Metal Tooling." Metals 11, no. 3 (2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030458.

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The journey of production tools in cold working, hot working, and injection molding from rapid tooling to additive manufacturing (AM) by laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is described. The current machines and their configurations, tool steel powder materials and their properties, and the L-PBF process parameters for these materials are specified. Examples of production tools designed for and made by L-PBF are described. Efficient design, i.e., high tooling efficiency and performance in operation, should be the primary target in tool design. Topology and lattice structure optimization prov

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Takushima, Shigeru, Nobuhiro Shinohara, Daiji Morita, Hiroyuki Kawano, Yasuhiro Mizutani, and Yasuhiro Takaya. "In-Process Height Displacement Measurement Using Crossed Line Beams for Process Control of Laser Wire Deposition." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 5 (2021): 715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0715.

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We propose the use of the line section method with crossed line beams for the process control of laser wire deposition. This method could be used to measure the height displacement in front of a laser spot when the processing direction changes. In laser processing, especially laser deposition of metal additive manufacturing, the laser process control technique that controls the processing parameters based on the measured height displacement in front of a laser processing spot is indispensable for high-accuracy processing. However, it was impossible to measure the height displacement in front o

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Abdullayev, Amanmyrat, Paul H. Kamm, Maged F. Bekheet, and Aleksander Gurlo. "Fabrication and Characterization of Ice Templated Membrane Supports from Portland Cement." Membranes 10, no. 5 (2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10050093.

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Porous ceramic membranes for aqueous microfiltration and ultrafiltration processes suffer from the high-costs of material and processing. The latter is mainly due to the high-temperature sintering step. In this work, cement-based membrane supports from ultrafine Portland cement are studied as a low-cost alternative to traditional oxidic ceramic supports. An environmentally friendly freeze-casting fabrication route is applied for the fabrication of porous membrane supports. Cement membrane supports are becoming mechanically stabile after hydration reaction of cement with water, which does not r

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Caragea, Genica, Andreea C. Vãrzaru, Oana Avram, et al. "An overview of the complications of acute and chronic mercury exposures. Past, present and future." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 124, no. 4 (2021): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2021.124.4.1.

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Mercury is a chemical element that has been known since prehistoric times and has been used over time as a component of paints, in the treatment of various diseases, and later in various industrial compounds. Mercury enters the body transcutaneously, by inhaling or by ingesting food contaminated with mercury. The most common cause of mercury poisoning is eating seafood, but people can get mercury poisoning from industrial processing, thermometers, dental work, and old paints. The most vulnerable are people at occupational risk due to chronic exposure, as well as fetuses in the intrauterine per

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18

Fotovvati, Behzad, Madhusudhanan Balasubramanian, and Ebrahim Asadi. "Modeling and Optimization Approaches of Laser-Based Powder-Bed Fusion Process for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111104.

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Laser-based powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) is a widely used additive manufacturing technology that contains several variables (processing parameters), which makes it challenging to correlate them with the desired properties (responses) when optimizing the responses. In this study, the influence of the five most influential L-PBF processing parameters of Ti-6Al-4V alloy—laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, layer thickness, and stripe width—on the relative density, microhardness, and various line and surface roughness parameters for the top, upskin, and downskin surfaces are thoroughly investi

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Li, Menglei, Fadi Xu, Yuping Zhao, et al. "High-Efficient Production of Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Fiber Based on the Suitable C5/C6 Co-Fermentation Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain." Fermentation 9, no. 8 (2023): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080743.

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As a potential alternative to fossil-based fuels, cellulosic ethanol has attracted much attention due to its great benefit to energy sustainability and environmental friendliness. However, at present, the industrial competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol production is still insufficient compared with fossil-based fuels because of the higher costs. Expanding the range of lignocellulosic biomass may be a promising measure to promote the economical production of cellulosic ethanol. Corn fiber, a byproduct from the corn deep-processing, is an attractive feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production b

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Voss, Philipp, Jaschar Atik, Oliver Krätzig, Jens Leker, and Simon Lux. "Toward Large-Scale Production of Solid-State Batteries: Manufacturing Process Analysis and Cost Assessment for the Composite Cathode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (2023): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024736mtgabs.

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In 2022 the lithium-ion battery (LIB) price has increased for the first time since its commercialization while LIBs are approaching their physicochemical energy limits.1,2 Therefore, next-generation or post LIB concepts are being intensively researched, solid-state batteries (SSBs) being evaluated to be among the most promising.3 While companies are already announcing ambitious large-scale production plans for SSBs, academic SSB research is still mainly confined to the laboratory-scale.4 The number of studies regarding SSB material scale-up, large-scale manufacturing or cost calculations is ve

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Abdelwahed, Marawan, Riccardo Casati, Sven Bengtsson, Anna Larsson, Martina Riccio, and Maurizio Vedani. "Effects of Powder Atomisation on Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour of L-PBF Processed Steels." Metals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111474.

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In this research, steel alloys based on the Fe-Cr-Mo, Fe-Cr-Mn and Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn-Ni systems have been designed, produced by different atomisation techniques, and processed by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) to investigate their microstructural and mechanical behaviour. Both gas atomisation and water atomisation were considered for powder preparation. The resulting different flowability of powders, hence a different densification behaviour during processing, could be compensated by tuning the L-PBF parameters and by the application of a post treatment to improve flowability of the water atomised

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Zhang, Shiyun, Jian Xie, Peng Zhang, and Xinbing Zhao. "Low-cost and scalable preparation of nano-Si from photovoltaic waste silicon for high-performance Li-ion battery anode." Functional Materials Letters 14, no. 06 (2021): 2151033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604721510334.

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Nano silicon (nano-Si)-based materials have been considered as promising anodes for next-generation Li-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high specific capacity. However, a facile processing method of nano-Si with cheap Si sources is still lacking. Herein, we propose a facile, scalable and cost-effective route to produce nano-Si using a low-cost Si source from photovoltaic (PV) waste silicon. The nano-Si of 484 nm in [Formula: see text] can be easily produced using the PV waste Si by facile acid washing, heat treatment and sand milling steps. Compared with commercial nano-Si (120 nm), our l

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Nam, Seungjin, Heechan Jung, Haeum Park, et al. "Hot-Cracking Behaviors in (CoNi)85Mo15 Medium-Entropy Alloys Manufactured via Powder Bed Fusion." Journal of Powder Materials 31, no. 6 (2024): 537–45. https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00262.

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Additive manufacturing makes it possible to improve the mechanical properties of alloys through segregation engineering of specific alloying elements into the dislocation cell structure. In this study, we investigated the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of CoNi-based medium-entropy alloys (MEAs), including the refractory alloying element Mo with a large atomic radius, manufactured via laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF). In an analysis of the printability depending on the processing parameters, we achieved a high compressive yield strength up to 653 MPa in L-PBF for (CoNi)85Mo15 MEA

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Qiao, Yu, Marius Grad, and Aida Nonn. "Toward an Efficient and Robust Process–Structure Prediction Framework for Filigree L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel Structures." Metals 15, no. 7 (2025): 812. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15070812.

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Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), provides unmatched design flexibility for creating intricate steel structures with minimal post-processing. However, adopting L-PBF for high-performance applications is difficult due to the challenge of predicting microstructure evolution. This is because the process is sensitive to many parameters and has a complex thermal history. Thin-walled geometries present an added challenge because their dimensions often approach the scale of individual grains. Thus, microstructure becomes a critical factor in the overall integr

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Sychev, Alexander V., Anastasia I. Lavrova, Marine Z. Dogonadze, and Eugene B. Postnikov. "Establishing Compliance between Spectral, Colourimetric and Photometric Indicators in Resazurin Reduction Test." Bioengineering 10, no. 8 (2023): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10080962.

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The resazurin reduction test is one of the basic tests for bacterial culture viability and drug resistance endorsed by the World Health Organisation. At the same time, conventional spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods demand rather bulky and expensive equipment. This induces a challenge for developing simpler approaches to sensor systems that are portable and applicable in resource-limited settings. In this work, we address two such alternative approaches, based on the colour processing of the microbiological plate’s photographic images and single-channel photometry with a recent

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Polozov, Igor, Anna Gracheva, and Anatoly Popovich. "Processing, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti2AlNb-Based Alloy with Carbon, Boron, and Yttrium Microalloying." Metals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081304.

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In this work, Ti-22Al-23Nb-0.8Mo-0.3Si-0.4C-0.1B-0.2Y (at. %) alloy powder was used to fabricate the Ti2AlNb-based alloy samples using Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) Additive Manufacturing with a high-temperature substrate preheating. L-PBF process parameters, including laser power, scan speed, hatching distance, and preheating temperature, allowing for obtaining fully dense (99.9% relative density) crack-free samples, were determined. The effects of substrate preheating temperature during the L-PBF process on microstructure, phase composition, and properties of the obtained Ti2AlNb-based all

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Bassoli, Elena, Lucia Denti, Andrea Comin, Antonella Sola, and Emanuele Tognoli. "Fatigue Behavior of As-Built L-PBF A357.0 Parts." Metals 8, no. 8 (2018): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080634.

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Laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is nowadays the preeminent additive manufacturing (AM) technique to produce metal parts. Nonetheless, relatively few metal powders are currently available for industrial L-PBF, especially if aluminum-based feedstocks are involved. In order to fill the existing gap, A357.0 (also known as A357 or A13570) powders are here processed by L-PBF and, for the first time, the fatigue behavior is investigated in the as-built state to verify the net-shaping potentiality of AM. Both the low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue areas are analyzed to draw the complete Wohler dia

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Deshmukh, Jay, Libin Zhang, Ning Zhang, et al. "Improving Manganese Hexacyanoferrate’s Performance by Optimizing Processing Conditions and Adding Minuscule Amount of Ni." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 9 (2024): 1429. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0291429mtgabs.

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Intermittent energy generation from solar and wind demands a large deployment of energy storage systems (ESS), with 850 GWh expected by 2040 [1], in order to move away from fossil fuels. Na-ion cells are a fairly mature technology that could meet ESS demands. Among Na-ion cathode materials, Prussian Blue Analogs (PBAs) are promising because of their low cost, facile syntheses, long cycle life, and high-power performance associated with their open-framework structure. A high discharge voltage of ~3.5 V allows manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) to compete with LiFePO4-based Li-ion cells in Wh/kg

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Schröder, Christian, Hugo Nolan, Marc Brunet Cabré, et al. "Carbon-Based Electrode Materials for Electrocatalytic Transformations." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 27 (2023): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02271427mtgabs.

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Industrial processes for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels utilise selective hydrogenation reactions. The need for high temperatures and high pressure of H2 makes these reactions energy intensive and only viable on a large scale, requiring expensive transport of materials. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) could potentially bypass these limitations, running at ambient conditions and generating the adsorbed hydrogen in-situ. The interest in new electrocatalyst materials increased in recent years, as ECH offers a synthetic route for fuels and value-added chemicals with a reduced carbon foo

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Bassoli, Elena, Antonella Sola, Mattia Celesti, Sandro Calcagnile, and Carlo Cavallini. "Development of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameters and Scanning Strategy for New Metal Alloy Grades: A Holistic Method Formulation." Materials 11, no. 12 (2018): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122356.

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In spite of the fast growth of laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processes as a part of everyday industrial practice, achieving consistent production is hampered by the scarce repeatability of performance that is often encountered across different additive manufacturing (AM) machines. In addition, the development of novel feedstock materials, which is fundamental to the future growth of AM, is limited by the absence of established methodologies for their successful exploitation. This paper proposes a structured procedure with a complete test plan, which defines step-by-step the standardize

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Hosseini, Faezeh, Asad Asad, and Mostafa Yakout. "Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Al6061 Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 8, no. 6 (2024): 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8060288.

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Processing high-performance aluminum alloys, including 6xxx and 7xxx series, via laser additive manufacturing (AM) processes poses significant challenges, primarily due to the rapid cooling rates inherent in these processes, which often result in solidification cracking and metallurgical defects. This study aimed at producing dense, crack-free samples of Al6061 alloys, using the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. Taguchi’s method of design of experiments was employed to study the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing on the L-PBF process parameters for Al6061. Two typ

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Abedi, Mohammad, Dmitry Moskovskikh, Andrey Nepapushev, Veronika Suvorova, Haitao Wang, and Valentin Romanovski. "Advancements in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Carbon Nanotubes-Reinforced AlSi10Mg Alloy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Microstructure Evolution, Properties, and Future Prospects." Metals 13, no. 9 (2023): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13091619.

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Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) stands out as a promising approach within the realm of additive manufacturing, particularly for the synthesis of CNT-AlSi10Mg nanocomposites. This review delves into a thorough exploration of the transformation in microstructure, the impact of processing variables, and the physico-mechanical characteristics of CNT-AlSi10Mg nanocomposites crafted via the L-PBF technique. Moreover, it consolidates a substantial corpus of recent research, proffering invaluable insights into optimizing L-PBF parameters to attain the desired microstructures and enhanced properties. T

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Gong, Xi, Willem Groeneveld-Meijer, and Guha Manogharan. "Additive manufacturing: Application and validation of machine learning-based process-structure-property linkages in Ti-6Al-4V." Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing 2, no. 3 (2023): 0999. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/msam.0999.

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In the field of metal additive manufacturing (AM), various processes and heat treatments can yield unique grain morphologies, thereby influencing material properties and machining behavior. In this study, a novel workflow using a machine learning-based approach that combines statistical descriptors of textured AM-process induced microstructure, cutting force model (as a material response), and a data-mining method is established. It is proven to be a valid method for creating process-structure-property linkages for metal AM. This study focuses on two highly varied metal AM processes: Powder be

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Konečná, Radomila, Tibor Varmus, Gianni Nicoletto, and Federico Uriati. "Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of High-Performance Aluminum Alloy Al2024 Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Defect and Diffusion Forum 422 (March 24, 2023): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l37k22.

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Aluminum-based alloys are widely used in high-performance structural applications. Therefore, the opportunity to fabricate aluminum components using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a matter of great interest. In particular, the Al2024 alloy is extensively used for conventional part production but its processability by L-PBF remains a challenge because of its hot cracking sensitivity upon solidification. The new Reactive Additive Manufacturing (RAM) technology by Elementum 3D enables the production of innovative powders characterized by metal matrix and nanoceramic particles that can be proc

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Kastanaki, Eleni, Rafaela Athanasiadou, Anastasia Katsifou, and Apostolos Giannis. "Organic Acid-Assisted Hydrothermal Leaching of Silver from End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels." Applied Sciences 15, no. 12 (2025): 6383. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126383.

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The aim of this study was the hydrothermal leaching of silver from waste monocrystalline silicon (m-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (p-Si) photovoltaic panel (PV) cells using organic acids, namely oxalic acid (OA) and citric acid (CA). Before leaching, two different pretreatment procedures were applied. First, the fluoropolymer backsheet was manually removed from the panel pieces and, then, the samples were subjected to high-temperature heating for the thermal degradation of the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer. When removal by hand was not feasible, the second pretreatment procedure was f

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Jain, Srishti, James Hyder, Mike Corliss, and Wayne NP Hung. "Electrochemical Polishing of Extruded and Laser Powder-Bed-Fused Inconel 718." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 4 (2021): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.04.2021.04.

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ABSTRACT Electro-chemical polishing (ECP) was utilized to produce sub-micron surface finish on Inconel 718 parts manufactured by Laser Powder-Bed-Fusion (L-PBF) and extrusion methods. The L-PBF parts had very rough surfaces due to semi-welded powder particles, surface defects, and difference layer steps that were generally not found on surfaces of extruded and machined components. This study compared the results of electro-polishing of these differently manufactured parts under the same conditions. Titanium electrode was used with an acid-based electrolyte to polish both the specimens at diffe

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Geľatko, Matúš, Michal Hatala, František Botko, and Radoslav Vandžura. "Residual Stress Evaluation in L-PBF-Produced SS 316L Specimens." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102270.

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The identification of residual stresses (RS) in components made by selective laser melting (SLM) is necessary for subsequent technological optimization. The presented research is devoted to evaluating the influence of the combination of laser power (P), scanning velocity (v) and the rarely considered number of layers (nL) on surface residual stresses in SLM stainless steel SS 316L. Experimental parameters were set based on the Design of Experiment (DoE) method, with follow-up X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and data processing using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. Th

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Goll, Dagmar, Felix Trauter, Ralf Loeffler, Thomas Gross, and Gerhard Schneider. "Additive Manufacturing of Textured FePrCuB Permanent Magnets." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (2021): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091056.

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Permanent magnets based on FePrCuB were realized on a laboratory scale through additive manufacturing (laser powder bed fusion, L-PBF) and book mold casting (reference). A well-adjusted two-stage heat treatment of the as-cast/as-printed FePrCuB alloys produces hard magnetic properties without the need for subsequent powder metallurgical processing. This resulted in a coercivity of 0.67 T, remanence of 0.67 T and maximum energy density of 69.8 kJ/m3 for the printed parts. While the annealed book-mold-cast FePrCuB alloys are easy-plane permanent magnets (BMC magnet), the printed magnets are char

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Kusoglu, Ihsan Murat, Carlos Doñate-Buendía, Stephan Barcikowski, and Bilal Gökce. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers: Quantitative Research Direction Indices." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051169.

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Research on Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of polymer powder feedstocks has raised over the last decade due to the increased utilization of the fabricated parts in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and healthcare applications. A total of 600 Science Citation Indexed articles were published on the topic of L-PBF of polymer powder feedstocks in the last decade, being cited more than 10,000 times leading to an h-index of 46. This study statistically evaluates the 100 most cited articles to extract reported material, process, and as-built part properties to analyze the research trends. PA12, PE

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Harkin, Ryan, Hao Wu, Sagar Nikam, et al. "Powder Reuse in Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Ti6Al4V—Changes in Mechanical Properties during a Powder Top-Up Regime." Materials 15, no. 6 (2022): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062238.

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The properties of Extra Low Interstitials (ELI) Ti6Al4V components fabricated via the laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process are prone to variation, particularly throughout a powder reuse regime. Interstitial pick-up of interstitial elements within the build chamber during processing can occur, most notably, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, which can impair the mechanical properties of the built component. This study analyses ELI Ti6Al4V components manufactured by the L-PBF process when subjected to a nine-stage powder reuse sequence. Mechanical properties are reported via hardness measu

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Artzt, Katia, Martin Siggel, Jan Kleinert, Joerg Riccius, Guillermo Requena, and Jan Haubrich. "Pyrometric-Based Melt Pool Monitoring Study of CuCr1Zr Processed Using L-PBF." Materials 13, no. 20 (2020): 4626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204626.

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The potential of in situ melt pool monitoring (MPM) for parameter development and furthering the process understanding in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of CuCr1Zr was investigated. Commercial MPM systems are currently being developed as a quality monitoring tool with the aim of detecting faulty parts already in the build process and, thus, reducing costs in LPBF. A detailed analysis of coupon specimens allowed two processing windows to be established for a suitably dense material at layer thicknesses of 30 µm and 50 µm, which were subsequently evaluated with two complex thermomechanical-fatig

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Mayerhofer, Michael, Stefan Brenner, Michael Doppler, et al. "Improving Fabrication and Performance of Additively Manufactured RF Cavities by Employing Co-Printed Support Structures and Their Subsequent Removal." Instruments 8, no. 1 (2024): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments8010018.

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The enormous potential of additive manufacturing (AM), particularly laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), to produce radiofrequency cavities (cavities) has already been demonstrated. However, the required geometrical accuracy for GHz TM010 cavities is currently only achieved by (a) avoiding downskin angles <40∘, which in turn leads to a cavity geometry with reduced performance, or (b) co-printed support structures, which are difficult to remove for small GHz cavities. We have developed an L-PBF-based manufacturing routine to overcome this limitation. To enable arbitrary geometries, co-printed su

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Macioł, Piotr, Jan Falkus, Paulina Indyka, and Beata Dubiel. "Towards Automatic Detection of Precipitates in Inconel 625 Superalloy Additively Manufactured by the L-PBF Method." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164507.

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In our study, the comparison of the automatically detected precipitates in L-PBF Inconel 625, with experimentally detected phases and with the results of the thermodynamic modeling was used to test their compliance. The combination of the complementary electron microscopy techniques with the microanalysis of chemical composition allowed us to examine the structure and chemical composition of related features. The possibility of automatic detection and identification of precipitated phases based on the STEM-EDS data was presented and discussed. The automatic segmentation of images and identifyi

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Gökçe, Azim, Vamsi Krishna Balla, Subrata Deb Nath, Arulselvan Arumugham Akilan, and Sundar V. Atre. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Ti-16Nb-Based Alloy: Processability, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties." Metals 15, no. 7 (2025): 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15070728.

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Titanium alloys, especially Ti6Al4V, are widely used in biomedical implants due to their biocompatibility and mechanical strength. However, their high elastic modulus (>100 GPa), compared to that of human bone (10–30 GPa), often causes stress shielding, reducing implant lifespan. To address this, titanium alloys with lower elastic modulus are under development. In this study, Ti-based multi-element alloy with 16 wt.% Nb samples were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) from a premixed powder blend of Ti6Al4V and Nb-Hf-Ti. Processing high-melting Nb-based alloys via L-PBF poses c

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Badini, Claudio F., Tommaso Santero, Michele Rosito, and Elisa Padovano. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Pure Titanium: Optimization of Processing Parameters by Means of Efficient Volumetric Energy Density Approach." Metals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14121357.

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This paper focuses on optimizing the process parameters for manufacturing commercially pure titanium grade 2 using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology. The most common approach involves trial-and-error builds with varying parameter combinations, followed by characterizing the bulk samples for defects and the microstructure. This method, typically based on Volumetric Energy Density (VED), is time-consuming and overlooks key powder properties. An alternative approach involves the use of efficient Volumetric Energy Density (VEDeff), which represents the energy density effectively available

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Mullo, José Luis, Iván La Fé-Perdomo, Jorge Ramos-Grez, et al. "Predicting the Relative Density of Stainless Steel and Aluminum Alloys Manufactured by L-PBF Using Machine Learning." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 9, no. 6 (2025): 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp9060185.

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Metal additive manufacturing is a disruptive technology that is changing how various alloys are processed. Although this technology has several advantages over conventional manufacturing, it is still necessary to standardize its properties, which are dependent on the relative density (RD). In addition, since experimental designs are costly, one solution is using machine learning algorithms that allow the effects of variations in the processing parameters on the resulting density of the additively manufactured components to be anticipated. This work assembled a database based on data from 673 o

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Denti, Lucia, and Antonella Sola. "On the Effectiveness of Different Surface Finishing Techniques on A357.0 Parts Produced by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion: Surface Roughness and Fatigue Strength." Metals 9, no. 12 (2019): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9121284.

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Laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that uses a computer-controlled laser beam as the energy source to consolidate a metal powder according to a layer-upon-layer strategy in order to manufacture a three dimensional part. This opens the way for an unprecedented freedom in geometry, but the layer-wise build-up strategy typically results in a very poor surface finish, which is affected by the staircase effect and by the presence of partially molten particles. Surface finishing treatments are therefore necessary to obtain an adequate surface finish, to

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Wang, Yinmin (Morris), Chandrika Kamath, Thomas Voisin, and Zan Li. "A processing diagram for high-density Ti-6Al-4V by selective laser melting." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 9 (2018): 1469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2017-0228.

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Purpose Density optimization is the first critical step in building additively manufactured parts with high-quality and good mechanical properties. The authors developed an approach that combines simulations and experiments to identify processing parameters for high-density Ti-6Al-4V using the laser powder-bed-fusion technique. A processing diagram based on the normalized energy density concept is constructed, illustrating an optimized processing window for high- or low-density samples. Excellent mechanical properties are obtained for Ti-6Al-4V samples built from the optimized window. Design/m

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Konda, Nithin, Raviraj Verma, and Rengaswamy Jayaganthan. "Machine Learning Based Predictions of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V." Metals 12, no. 1 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010050.

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The present work focusses on machine learning assisted predictions of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) processed through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and post processing. Various machine learning techniques have provided a flexible approach for explaining the complex mathematical interrelationship among processing-structure-property of the materials. In the present work, four machine learning (ML) algorithms, such as K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) algorithms are implemented to analyze the Fatigue

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Li, Hua, Yun Shen, Xuehua Wu, Dongsheng Wang, and Youwen Yang. "Advances in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Tungsten, Tungsten Alloys, and Tungsten-Based Composites." Micromachines 15, no. 8 (2024): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15080966.

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In high-tech areas such as nuclear fusion, aerospace, and high-performance tools, tungsten and its alloys are indispensable due to their high melting point, low thermal expansion, and excellent mechanical properties. The rise of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, particularly Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), has enabled the precise and rapid production of complex tungsten parts. However, cracking and densification remain major challenges in printing tungsten samples, and considerable efforts have been made to study how various processing conditions (such as laser power, scanning strateg

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