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Mella, Giulia. "La kryptonite nella borsa: Proposta di traduzione e sottotitolaggio verso l'inglese." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7147/.
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A translation of some chapters of the book "La kryptonite nella borsa” by Ivan Cotroneo and subtitles for the equivalents scenes in the movie “La kryptonite nella borsa”. A translation of cultural references from Italian into English without adapting them to the target culture.
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Padovani, Giorgia. "Dubbing: an AVT mode on Italian television. Analysis of the dubbed Italian version of BBC's Sherlock." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14204/.
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The aim of this dissertation is to introduce the concept of dubbing as a form of audiovisual translation (AVT) and the importance of linguistic and cultural factors that are involved in the process of translating for dubbing. Nowadays, AVT is one of the most interesting and thriving fields in translation studies and dubbing is the oldest AVT mode. This paper is divided into three sections: the first one presents the origins of dubbing in Italy and the comparison between dubbing and subtitling, as the two main AVT modes. The second section is dedicated to the various issues that translators face and the techniques they usually adopt when translating for dubbing. Moreover, this section illustrates the perception of dubbing by the Italian audience. Finally, the last and most crucial section focuses on the analysis of the dubbed Italian version of the TV series Sherlock compared to the original one, analysing linguistic and cultural aspects that are particularly interesting from the point of view of translation.
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Canan, Ana Gra?a. "Refer?ncias culturais e heterogeneidade discursiva :Uma proposta para o ensino-aprendizagem de l?ngua inglesa." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16398.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-30<br>The purpose of this research is to approach the English literary text from the point of view of the culture and the heterogeneity of discourse in its role as a source of elements that facilitate the teaching/learning process of English as a foreign language. Several instances of discourse heterogeneity are analyzed through cultural references in the original texts of the following
English novels: Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bront? (1816-1855), published in 1847; The Mill on the Floss, by George Eliot (1819-1890), published in 1860 and Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens (1812-1870), published between 1860 and 1861. Theoretical support was sought in Kramsch, Bakhtin, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Widdowson and Larsen-Freeman.
Activities in English are proposed in the end whereby it can be seen that the questions at issue can be used extensively in the classroom.<br>Esta pesquisa busca abordar o texto liter?rio em l?ngua inglesa na perspectiva da cultura e da
heterogeneidade discursiva, enquanto fonte de elementos facilitadores do processo ensinoaprendizagem
de ingl?s l?ngua estrangeira. A an?lise se dedica ?s diversas ocorr?ncias da heterogeneidade discursiva, atrav?s das refer?ncias culturais, no original em ingl?s dos seguintes romances: Jane Eyre, de Charlotte Bront? (1816-1855), publicado em 1847; The mill on the Floss, de George Eliot (1819-1890), publicado em 1860 e Great expectations, de
Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publicado entre 1860 e 1861. O referencial te?rico ap?ia-se em Kramsch, Bakhtin, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Widdowson e Larsen-Freeman. Ao final, propomos atividades em l?ngua inglesa, mostrando que as quest?es apontadas podem ser largamente exploradas em sala de aula.
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Nweba, Lena. "Characterisation in isiXhosa drama with specific reference to two isiXhosa dramas." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49878.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of study is to investigate characterisation in two of Ngewu's dramas.
Ngewu's dramas are contemporary and many scholars have not yet had time to research
them. The story in the drama Amadada la afunani ezintsaneni ?( 1998), is about the
sexual abuse of children. This is new because the abuse of small children is not seen to
indicate culture especially now that even fathers abuse their children. In the olden days
children used to look to grown -ups for protection of every kind.
The story in the second drama Yeha Mfazi Obulala Indada (1997) , is about a wife who
hires assassins to kill her husband. In the past wives were submissive to their husbands.
It was unheard of a wife challenging the husband's authority, let alone hiring assassins to
kill him.
Chapter 1 introduces the aim, the scope, the theories and the methods of the study.
Chapter 2 deals with the plot structure of the dramas Amadada la afunani
ezintsaneni? (1998) and Yeha Mfazi Obulala Indada (1997)
Chapter 3 deals with characterisation in isiXhosa dramas, Amadada la afunani
ezintsaneni(1998) and Yeha Mfazi Obulala lndoda (1997)
Chapter 4 deals with language and the pattern of stylistic devices
Chapter 5 concludes the findings of the study.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie is om die karakterisering in twee van Ngewu se
dramas te ondersoek. Ngewu se dramas is hedendaagse daarom is daar nog veel
navorsing daaroor
ezintsaneni (1998)
gedoen nie. Die storie in die drama Amadoda la afunani
handel hoofsaaklik oor die seksuele molestering van kinders.
Seksuele kindemolestering is In relatiewe nuwe versknser want dit is taboe in kultuur veral
nou dat die bekend is dat kinders deur hulle vaders gemolesteer word. In vroeer jare was
kinders van volwassens afhanklik vir beskermering en welvaart.
Die tweede drama Yeha Mfazi Obulala lndoda (1997) handeloor I vrou wat
sluipmoordenaars huur om haar man om die lewe te bring. In vroeer jare was vroue aan
hul mans onderdaning. Dit was ongewoon dat I vrou haar man se gesag sou ondermyn, en
nog meer ondenkbaar die huur van sluipmoordenaars om hom om die lewe te bring.
In hoofstuk 1 vind ons die doel van die studie, die omvang ,teoretiese raamwerk en
metode van die studie.
Hoofstuk 2 handeloor die struktuur van die twee Amadoda la afunani ezintsaneni
(1998) en Yeha Mfazi Obulala Indoda ( 1997)
Hoofstuk 3 handeloor die karakterisering in die isiXhosa dramas, Amadoda la afunani
ezintsaneni (1998) en Yeha Mfazi Obulala Indoda (1997)
Hoofstuk 4 handeloor die taal en skryfstyl van die skrywer.
Hoofstuk 5 bevat die samevatting van die studie.
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Chapman, Judith. "An auto/biographical study of family and history with reference to the concept of Bildung." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/175603/.
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Mariot, E. J. "The nutritional ecology of Lupinus albus L. with special reference to phosphorus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370288.
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Grassa, Christopher J. "The first reference genome of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) : a domesticated compilospecies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52882.
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I present the first reference genome for sunflower, Helianthus annuus. The reference is 3.6 billion base pairs long and is divided into seventeen lines of text representing the DNA of sunflower’s seventeen chromosomes. This reference was constructed via DNA sequencing and assembly of sunflower line HA412, physical mapping using a sequence-based barcoding approach, and genetic mapping based on low coverage DNA sequencing of a highly polymorphic mapping population. I also assembled and annotated a reference genome of sunflower’s mitochondrial genome. Sunflower and its wild relatives are a useful system for studying ecology and evolution. Helianthus annuus may be regarded as a natural compilospecies; adaptive introgressive hybridization with related species has facilitated the expansion of its range over a variety of soils and climates. In addition, the compatibility of sunflower with its extremophile wild relatives offers the opportunity to breed environmentally resilient sunflower cultivars that can cope with global climate change. The resource described in this thesis will be a useful tool for evolutionary biologists and crop breeders with interests pertaining to sunflower genetics.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Botany, Department of<br>Graduate
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Qasem, Jamal Ragheb Said. "Fat-hen (Chenopodium album L.) and groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) interference with certain vegetable crops : with special reference to nutrition." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47714.
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Salim, Kamariah Abu. "The biology of Molinia caerulea (L.) moench with special reference to population variation." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329518.
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Molinia caerulea, the purple moor grass is widely distributed and morphologically variable. Its occurrence on well-drained Ca'+-rich alkaline Leblanc waste is unusual since the grass normally has a calcifuge habit and grows an wet acid peaty soils. Molinia is deciduous losing its leaves after the formation of an abscission zone. Leaf abscission in grasses is rare. This project aims, therefore, (a) to investigate the anatomy of leaf abscission in Molinia using scanning electron microscopy; (b) to quantify and explain morphological and biochemical differences which occur between two populations growing in contrasting habitats, namely acid moorland and Leblanc waste. Scanning electron microscopy of freeze fractured nodes of naturally senescing Molinia showed that leaf separation was due to separation of cells along the middle lamella, although some cells showed fractured cell walls. Molinia should prove an interesting model in which to study abscission process in the Gramineae. A comparative study of the two contrasting populations of Molinia was made. Twenty-four morphological characters were used to classify the Molinia. Multivariate analysis distinguished the two populations. Acid-moorland plants were characterised predominantly by vegetative features eg. leaf length, plant height. Whereas in alkaline-waste Molinia, flower morphology was most important eg. culm length, lemma length. There were differences in growth and flowering between the two populations. Differences in growth were maintained under constant conditions suggesting that endogenous factors were responsible. Classification using cluster analysis of proteins extracted from basal internodes separated by SDS-PAGE distinguished between the two populations. Analysis of isoenzyme patterns obtained from SGE and PAGE showed that variation within each population was greater than that between populations. There was thus no evidence of genetic differences between the two populations. Root-surface phosphatase activity of both field and laboratorygrown plants showed pH optima appropriate to the field environment of the roots. In laboratory grown plants, there was evidence that the enzyme activity responded to changes in pH but not calcium concentrations. Variability in Molinia populations involves both endogenous factors and phenotypically plastic modifications at both whole organism and molecular levels.
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Du, Toit Adriaan Pieter. "The pollination ecology of commercial sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in South Africa with special reference to the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26786.
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Please read the abstract (Summary) in the section, 09summary and aknowledgements, of this document<br>Dissertation (MSc (Entomology))--University of Pretoria, 1988.<br>Zoology and Entomology<br>MSc<br>unrestricted
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Peng, Zhongkui. "Feeding determinants in aphids with special reference to the Rose Aphid Macrosiphum rosae (L.)." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php398.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 170-189. This thesis looks at aphid feeding determinants by type and location. It examines the role of leaf surface chemicals in the discrimination of host plants and the deterrent effect of catechin and its oxidative condensation products.
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Hosie, Deborah Ann. "Aspects of the physiology of decapod crustaceans with particular reference to the live marketing of Cancer pagurus (L) and Necora puber (L)." Thesis, University of Hull, 1993. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3588.
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The crabs Cancer pagurus (L) and Necora puber (L) are exported live, in bulk, from the UK to various continental countries. The success of this relatively new trade is marred by the incidence of mortalities and impaired quality of the delivered product. These studies addressed various causes - procedural and biological - of these events.Descriptions are given of detailed examinations of handling and other marketing protocols for both species from point of capture to arrival at continental dealer's premises. Such examinations were made with the help of a number of major dealers in the UK, Spain and France and included studies of handling, packing, holding and transportation methods, physical damage assessments before and after consignment, and chemical and biochemical analyses of seawater and blood samples.Dissolved ammonia levels were found to increase greatly in the fixed volume water of vivier tanks and this was found to be matched by correspondingly high blood ammonia values of the contained animals. The measurement of both free ammonia and ionic ammonia efflux rates of juvenile and adult Cpagurus and Npuber in media with high dissolved ammonia levels was investigated and was found to be related to concentration gradients between the internal and external media. The fluxes could be explained on the basis of diffusion down concentration gradients. When animals were transferred to media with higher ammonia levels than those in blood, a cessation of efflux, or even a net influx of ammonia (NH4+) occurred.During emersion, blood ammonia concentration rose. Such accumulated ammonia was very rapidly off loaded when the animals were re-immersed.The data produced has been discussed in the context of crustacean physiology and of improving the expectations of delivering a live, quality product after journeys of several days.
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Hajar, Abdulrahman Said Muhammad. "The comparative ecology of Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern and Thlaspi alpestre L. in the southern pennines, with special reference to heavy metal tolerance." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1829/.
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Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern and Thiaspi alpestre L. are recognized as relict elements of a preglacial montane flora in the British Isles and, as such, display a markedly disjunct distribution pattern. Their present-day distribution shows a close association with metalliferous mine workings, particularly in the Pennines, where both species have become prominent components of the flora of calcareous lead mine wastes. By comparison with M. verna, T. alpestre is more restricted in its distribution and is a rarer species. The work reported in this thesis attempted to provide an explanation for this pattern of distribution in the southern Pennines on the basis of comparative studies of the autecology and genecology of the species, their population biology and dynamics in the field and their responses to competition from other species. Both field and laboratory studies confirmed that the two species were highly tolerant of the heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium. Short- and long-term solution culture experiments on tolerance and uptake of these heavy metals by a range of populations of both species are reported. Tolerance to other toxic metals was also investigated. T. alpestre showed superior tolerance to M. verna in these experiments, and emerged as a metal-accumulating species. M. verna by contrast, operated some degree of metal exclusion, but metal uptake and distribution differed for the various metals in both species and seasonally. Differences in metal tolerance and uptake characteristics alone could not explain the different local distribution patterns in the field, as sites of similar metal status are colonized by both the two species together and by M. verna alone. A study of inter-population variation in morphological characters showed considerable genetically-based variation in both species. M. verna was however more variable. Some of the variation detected was interpreted as being ecotypic in origin. The contrasting breeding of the two species and their seed biology are considered to be major factors in explaining the present-day distributions of the two species. The tendency for inbreeding in T. alpestre has severely limited its genetic variability within populations and potential for spread. Seedling mortality of both species in their natural habitats is very high, and survival can be related to early shelter effects of neighbouring plants. Both species, however, emerge as weak competitors as predicted from their preference for open habitats with much more bare ground. The relevance of these studies to the interpretation of the present-day global distribution of the two species and their evolutionary biology is discussed.
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Hueston, Anne E. "Hydrodynamics of an isothermal lake, L. Neagh : with particular reference to the effect of waves." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242045.
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Abbas, Muhson Chellab. "Micropropagation of plum (Prunus domestica L.) with particular reference to in vivo rooting of microcuttings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47731.
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Walker, Alan Melville. "Life history strategies in anadromous trout, Salmo trutta L., with special reference to osmoregulatory physiology." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15003.
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1. Juvenile trout, Salmo trutta L., from three parental groups - sympatric Sea trout and freshwater-Resident trout, and isolated trout from above a waterfall impassable by upstream migrating anadromous trout - were reared under three ration regimes to manipulate growth rates. The development of seawater tolerance was studied by measuring drinking rates after periodic salinity challenges during the first two years of juvenile growth. No trout were observed to undergo the parr-smolt transformation in any of the parental form/ration combinations after two years in freshwater. However, a considerable proportion did mature during this time period. The proportion of maturing trout was directly related to ration level but was also influenced by parental form, with isolated trout demonstrating a greater tendency to mature early. Seawater tolerance increased with age in all groups. However, mean drinking rates upon salinity challenge were generally lower, from Experiment 2 onwards, in Resident trout than in either of the other two groups. 2. Eight immature sea trout (finnock) were radiotracked in the River Eden, Fife, during September, October and November 1994. The individual finnock displayed considerable variation in patterns of movement; two remained in freshwater for at least 27 days whereas others moved downstream out of the river within days or even hours of release. In general, this highlighted the transient nature of the freshwater migrations of some finnock, indicating that they move in and out of rivers over brief periods of time and apparently do not necessarily remain in freshwater continuously throughout the winter. 3. The hypo-osmoregulatory ability of finnock during the winter was assessed in two experiments. The number of finnock was limited in Experiment 1. Therefore, this was designed as a preliminary assessment of the physiological response of finnock to acute freshwater-seawater transfer. Osmoregulatory abilities were assessed by measurement of drinking rates, plasma ion and plasma cortisol concentrations after acute freshwater-seawater challenge and compared with freshwater-adapted and seawater-adapted control groups. Finnock displayed physiological responses typical of euryhaline teleosts upon seawater challenge; a rapid increase in drinking rate, an increase in plasma ion concentrations (but only to levels similar to, or slightly greater than, those of seawater-adapted fish), and increased plasma cortisol concentrations. The second experiment, in which numbers of finnock were greater, made use of the same techniques to assess the longer term acclimation of finnock to both freshwater-seawater and seawater- vi freshwater challenge, to establish whether finnock might suffer from a more subtle reduction in seawater-tolerance which would not have been necessarily apparent in the acute challenge of Experiment 1. Finnock did not appear to be physiologically compromised by seawater challenge during the winter months, and therefore, a breakdown in hypo-osmoregulatory abilities alone cannot be considered a reason for finnock returning to estuaries and rivers during the winter. 4. The physiological effects of low to medium levels of infestation of the ectoparasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer) on wild sea trout post-smolts were assessed at intervals during the development of the parasite. A mean infestation level of 18 parasites caused significant disruption to the osmoregulatory ability of hosts, as demonstrated by significantly higher plasma osmolality and chloride ion concentrations when compared with naive post-smolts. In addition, since no skin lesions were apparent on the hosts, these physiological effects were considered to be the consequence of larval attachment to the gill filaments, thereby possibly puncturing the epithelia and also damaging vital branchial ion excretory cells. 5. The modern molecular genetic RAPD-PCR technique was used to screen DNA of Lepeophtheirus salmonis collected from wild and fanned salmonid hosts from around the Scottish coasts. This technique indicated markedly different patterns of genetic variation amongst L. salmonis of farmed and wild origin, and between different farms. A number of genetic markers were found to be exclusive to, or at considerably higher frequency amongst, sea lice collected from farmed salmonid hosts. This technique established the possibility of assigning provenance to L. salmonis collected from wild hosts.
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Gunasekera, Taligama Gamaralalage Lalith Gamini. "Physiological studies on growth and development of weed species, with particular reference to Galium aparine L. (Cleavers) and Chromolaena odorata (L.) K. & R." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334737.
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Mänttäri, S. (Satu). "Dihydropyridine receptors in skeletal muscle with comparative reference to muscle development and exercise in mouse and salmon." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514277201.
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Abstract The dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in the skeletal muscle plasma membrane functions as a voltage sensor for excitation-contraction coupling. In the present work the expression and special features of DHPR were studied under various conditions. In order to localize and visualize the DHPRs, a method using fluorophore-conjugated dihydropyridine molecules as a probe was developed. In addition, different laboratory assays and electrophysiological measurements were used to study the expression of the myofibrillar proteins, force production of the muscle and conduction velocity of the plasma membrane. During the postnatal development of mouse skeletal muscle the density of DHPR increased. By the time of DHPR appearance, the expression of sodium channels had started and the typical assembly of basic structural components and membrane compartments was clearly detectable. According to the histochemical analysis, the DHPR was selectively expressed in type IIA muscle fibres of mouse. In addition to the fibre type specificity, the uneven distribution of DHPRs was also seen at the muscle level. The attenuation of the contraction force after addition of DHPR blocker was largest in muscles with a high percentage of type IIA fibres. In fish muscles, the distribution of DHPR was homogenous and the density between different fibre types was quite similar. In gastrocnemius muscle of mouse, the density and mRNA expression of DHPR increased significantly by 21.5 and 66.8%, respectively, after a 15-week aerobic exercise programme. The increase correlated significantly with the raise in % myosin heavy chain IIa isoform. In thigh and heart muscles, no significant changes were observed. In fish, the environmental change following hatchery release and downstream migration of 46.5 km induced an increase in the DHPR density in swimming muscles. Furthermore, a transition of phenotypic profile from fast-to-slow fibres was observed. Taken together, the present data provide evidence for the fact that the expression of DHPR increases during postnatal development. Moreover, the expression correlates with a specific fibre-type metabolism, thus having an impact on the overall contractile properties of the muscle. This is further manifested as an increase in the DHPR density after endurance training in mammalian as well as in fish muscle. In addition, a strong correlation exists between the level of muscle activity and the density of DHPR<br>Tiivistelmä Poikkijuovaisen lihaksen solukalvolla esiintyvä dihydropyridiini (DHP) reseptori toimii jännitesensorina lihaksen ärsytys-supistus kytkennässä. Tässä työssä tutkittiin DHP reseptorin erityispiirteitä sekä erilaisten fysiologisten tekijöiden vaikutusta reseptorin ilmenemiseen. DHP reseptorien visualisointiin kehitettiin histologinen värjäysmenetelmä, jossa merkkiaineena toimi fluorofori-konjugoitu DHP molekyyli. Lisäksi työssä tutkittiin lihaksen proteiinien ekspressiota, lihaksen voimantuottoa sekä solukalvon johtonopeutta erilaisten määritysmenetelmien ja elektrofysiologisten mittausmenetelmien avulla. Tulokset osoittivat, että yksilönkehityksen aikana DHP reseptorien tiheys kasvoi hiiren poikkijuovaisessa lihaksessa. DHP reseptorien ekspression alkaessa natriumkanavat olivat jo ilmaantuneet solukalvolle ja lihassolun rakenne oli pitkälle erilaistunut. Histokemiallisten määritysten perusteella DHP reseptorin ekspressio oli selektiivistä. Reseptoreita esiintyi runsaimmin tyypin IIA soluissa. Reseptoriproteiinin solutyyppispesifisyys oli huomattavissa myös lihastasolla. Tulosten mukaan proteiinin salpaaja alensi lihaksen supistumisvoimaa erityisesti niissä hiiren lihaksissa, joiden solutyyppikoostumuksessa tyypillä IIA on suuri prosentuaalinen osuus. Kalan lihaksissa DHP reseptorit olivat homogeenisesti jakautuneet. Lisäksi reseptoritiheys oli samankaltainen eri solutyyppien välillä. 15 viikon aerobinen harjoittelu lisäsi sekä DHP reseptorin proteiini- että mRNA- ekspressiota tilastollisesti merkitsevästi (21,5 ja 66,8 %) hiiren kantalihaksessa. Ekspression kasvu korreloi merkitsevästi samanaikaisesti tapahtuneen myosiini isomuoto IIa määrän kasvun kanssa. Reisi- ja sydänlihaksessa merkittäviä muutoksia ei havaittu. Kalan uintilihaksissa DHP reseptorien tiheys kasvoi vapauttamisen jälkeisen ympäristön muutoksen ja 46,5 km pituisen vaelluksen jälkeen. Lisäksi lihasten solutyyppikoostumuksessa tapahtui muutos kohti hitaasti supistuvia solutyyppejä. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että saatujen tulosten perusteella DHP reseptorien ekspressio kasvaa syntymän jälkeen hiiren poikkijuovaisessa lihaksessa. Solujen erilaistuessa ekspressio korreloi solutyyppimetabolian kanssa vaikuttaen edelleen lihaksen supistumisominaisuuksiin. Tästä johtuen myös kestävyysharjoittelun seurauksena DHP reseptorien määrä kasvaa sekä nisäkkään että kalan lihaksissa. Erityisesti lihaksen aktiivisuudella on merkitystä DHP reseptorin ekspressioon
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Van, der Walt F. J. J. (Francois Johannes Jacobus). "Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native Acacia species in southern Africa with special reference to A. mellifera." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25474.
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Tree species belonging to the genus Acacia have a significant impact ecologically and economically in southern Africa. Together with the African baobab, these trees are recognized as icons of the African landscape. They are widely distributed in this area and extensively used by local communities as sources of energy, stock feed, medical remedies and building material. There is still a substantial lack of knowledge regarding the ecological association between these plants and other living organisms such as fungi. This is, however, not new to the African continent where fungi are generally poorly studied and collected, and it is envisaged that many new fungal species will be discovered as scientists focus their efforts more on this geographical niche. An example of the lack of knowledge on the fungal biodiversity in Africa is reflected in the limited reports of members of the Botryosphaeriaceae, described to date from Acacia spp.. A review on phytopathogens in South Africa by Crous et al. (2000) indicated no records of the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native Acacia spp. Despite the importance of many species within the Botryosphaeriaceae as pathogens, knowledge about the true diversity and taxonomy of species in this family is limited, especially where native plant communities are concerned. This dissertation attempts to contribute to knowledge on the associations between members of the Botryosphaeriaceae and indigenous Acacia trees in southern Africa, and the possible role they may play in diseases of these trees. Chapter 1 represents a literature review that focuses on fungi previously associated with Acacia spp. on the African continent. Information provided in this chapter refers to available reports on pathogens and saprophytes occurring on Acacia spp. that are both native and nonnative to Africa. Special reference is made to those occurring in southern Africa. Due to the concern of the introduction of new pathogens in areas where native and non-native plants are co-existing, emphises is also placed on the possibility of pathogen-host jumps between native and non-native Acacia spp. The potential threat they might pose to the future biosecurity of these important trees is discussed. Acacia mellifera, also known as the blackthorn, is one of the native African Acacia spp. that has been extensively studied. This tree is threatened by a serious die-back disease with symptoms similar to the die-back typically caused by members of the Botryosphaeriaceae. In an effort to understand the association of the Botryosphaeriaceae with native Acacia spp. in southern Africa, a study was undertaken to search for the presence of these fungi on especially A. mellifera in Namibia and the Pretoria area in South Africa. Other Acacia spp. were also sampled in cases where they were present in the same areas as A. mellifera. These results are presented in chapter 2. In a previous study, the fungal diversity of native trees and plant species in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa was studied. This resulted in the isolation of a number of fungi that resembled the morphological characteristics of the Botryosphaeriaceae. In chapter 3, these fungi were further identified to species level based on morphological and phylogenetic characteristics. In chapter 4 an attempt was made to compare the Botryosphaeriaceae that are associated with important native trees with those occurring on non-native trees. To accomplish this, a pilot study was done to investigate the presence of the Botryosphaeriaceae on A. mearnsii in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Results from chapters 2 and 3 on native Acacia spp. from Namibia and South Africa served as the bases of comparison for this chapter. Results of previous studies that investigated diseases of plantation grown A. mearnsii were also included for comparison. Lastly, a summary is included to review the results of this study and also the significance and impact these results made, not only on the taxonomy of the Botryosphaeriaceae, but also understanding the fungal biodiversity of indigenous tree species in southern Africa. To date, this is the most extensive study of the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native African Acacia spp. and it is also the first study that resulted in the describtion of so many new species in this group of fungi from a single host. Results from this study indicated that there is a significantly greater diversity in the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with native Acacia spp. in southern Africa than was previously thought. This dissertation attempts to form the basis for future studies to finally understand the interactions between the Botryosphaeriaceae and their native hosts as well as their role and threat as pathogens to indigenous and economically important plants. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>Microbiology and Plant Pathology<br>unrestricted
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Costa, Washington Luiz Gomes. "AnÃlise espacial e temporal da expressÃo de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de lipÃdios em sementes de pinhÃo manso (Jatropha curcas L.)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9438.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>O esgotamento das reservas de energia nÃo-renovÃvel, como petrÃleo, carvÃo e gÃs natural, tÃm estimulado a busca por fontes alternativas geradoras de energia. Neste contexto, o pinhÃo manso (Jatropha curcas L.) tem recebido especial atenÃÃo por parte dos pesquisadores, devido à presenÃa de grande quantidade de Ãleo em suas sementes, que pode ser convertida em biodiesel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o comportamento de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de lipÃdios durante os processos de desenvolvimento e germinaÃÃo da semente de pinhÃo manso. Para quantificar com exatidÃo os nÃveis de expressÃo gÃnica por RT-qPCR foi feita uma seleÃÃo entre nove candidatos a genes de referÃncia. Nossos resultados mostraram que na anÃlise de sementes em desenvolvimento, os genes GAPDH, UCP, ACT11, PP2A2 e CICLOF foram os mais estÃveis. Para as sementes em germinaÃÃo, os genes considerados mais estÃveis foram EF1-α, PP2A2, GAPDH, PUB3 e ACT11. Para validar nossos resultados com genes de referÃncia, foi utilizado o padrÃo de expressÃo do gene que codifica a proteÃna oleosina no qual foi observado que o mesmo foi similar aos observados em artigos cientÃficos pesquisados, indicando que os genes de referÃncia estavam apropriados para normalizaÃÃo dos dados de RT-qPCR. ApÃs obtenÃÃo desses dados, efetuou-se um estudo da expressÃo por RT-qPCR de 20 genes envolvidos com o metabolismo de lipÃdios. Nossos resultados revelaram que os genes oleosina, β-cetoacil-ACP Sintase I e II, tioesterase A e triacilglicerol lipase I, bem como outros genes envolvidos na biossÃntese de lipÃdios, alcanÃaram altos nÃveis de expressÃo no desenvolvimento da semente. Os genes acil-CoA sintetase, tiolase e triacilglicerol lipase II, relacionados com a degradaÃÃo de lipÃdios apresentaram altos nÃveis de transcritos na germinaÃÃo da semente. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho contribuem para o entendimento das vias metabÃlicas estudadas, fornecendo subsÃdios para a produÃÃo, via engenharia genÃtica, de variedades melhoradas do pinhÃo manso.<br>The depletion of non-renewable energy such as oil, coal and natural gas, has stimulated the search for alternative sources of energy generation. In this context, physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has received special attention from researchers due to the presence of large amounts of oil in its seeds that can be converted into biodiesel. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of genes related to lipid metabolism during the development and germination of physic nut seeds. To accurately quantify the levels of gene expression by RT-qPCR, a selection of nine candidates for reference genes was performed. Our results showed that the GAPDH, UCP, ACT11, PP2A2 and CICLOF were the most stable genes during the development of the seeds. In germinating seeds, EF1-α, PP2A2, GAPDH, PUB3 and ACT11 were considered the most stable genes. To validate our findings with reference genes, we used the expression profile of the gene encoding the oleosin protein in which that was similar to those observed in the literature evaluated, indicating that they were suitable reference genes for data normalization by RT-qPCR. After obtaining these data, we performed a gene expression study by RT-qPCR of 20 genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our results revealed that the oleosin, β-ketoacyl-ACP Synthase I and II, thioesterase A and triacylglycerol lipase I genes, as well as other genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, achieved high expression levels in developing seeds. Acyl-CoA synthetase, thiolase and triacylglycerol lipase II, genes related to the degradation of lipids, showed high transcript levels in germinating seeds. The data obtained in this study contribute to the understanding of the metabolic pathways studied, providing subsidies for production of improved varieties of physic nut via genetic engineering.
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Savari, A. "Ecophysiology of the common cockle (Cerastoderma edule L.) in Southampton water, with particular reference to pollution." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235386.
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Matemba, Yonah H. "A comparative study of religious education in Scotland and Malawi with special reference to developments in the secondary school sector, 1970-2010." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2917/.
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This thesis provided a systematic comparison of Religious Education (RE) as it has evolved in the secondary school curriculum of Scotland and Malawi, between 1970 and the present day (2010). It sought to draw analogies and, where valid, to indicate significant points of difference regarding key issues that underpin this development between two countries that also have a historical relationship dating back to 1859. This was a qualitative study which used the phenomenological research method. In both countries data was collected through field-based research using key informant interviews (n60), relevant documents and school surveys. The conceptual framework of the thesis was based on concepts and issues in the discourse of contemporary RE. The constant comparison strategy of data analysis was implemented in exploring issues that emerged in the research. To further facilitate the analysis of secondary school RE in Scotland and Malawi a thematic approach was adopted in which six key issues were identified and investigated. The first explored the historical problem of underdevelopment in RE. The second examined motives that engendered reforms in the RE curriculum. The third described the various curriculum changes in RE during the period under study. The fourth discussed contested spaces related to the micro-politics of RE. The fifth surveyed the level of provision in RE in different school contexts. The sixth and last assessed the current state of RE. The findings of this study suggested that despite some points of difference, there was greater similarity on salient issues that underpinned the nature of secondary school RE in the two countries, in areas such as the need for curriculum reform, micro-politics of reform, provision in schools and status of the subject. Given the challenges the subject faces in both Scotland and Malawi, the study concluded that without government intervention and support from other key stakeholders RE will continue to be regarded as a marginal curriculum subject.
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Chen, Qing. "Issues relating to information and communication technology in middle schools in northern China with specific reference to two cities." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2007. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/742/.
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The use of information and communications technology (ICT) in schools has become widespread in many countries throughout the world. The extent to which it has been incorporated into the work of schools varies widely from simply as a tool to help produce documents to one that is fully integrated into the whole school curriculum. Initiatives taken to encourage teaches to use ICT in their teaching and learning methodologies inevitably raise awareness of pedagogical issues and how these should be reappraised in the light of the demands of encompassing the new technology. China started the process of introducing ICT into its schools later than many other countries. This study examines the use of ICT in middle schools in cities in north east China to discover the attitudes of teachers and students to how effective the use of ICT is from their viewpoints. In addition the study ascertains the possibilities for further development of the use of ICT to enrich the students’ education. Where possible the interpretation of the analyses of the findings are generalised further from the two cities in which the survey took place.
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Farrugia, Andreina Fenech. "A study of Mediterranean bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) with reference to stock identification and management strategies." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1995.
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The management of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the north Atlantic has been based on the assumption that there are two separate stocks (an eastern Atlantic stock, including the Mediterranean Sea and a western Atlantic stock). This hypothesis has never been scientifically confirmed. This study provides evidence of unique stock characteristics of the bluefin tuna population targeted specifically in the Mediterranean and aims at showing that it is a single stock suitable for its own management regime. This has been done through the study of the biological parameters of bluefin tunas sampled in the Mediterranean, including biometric relationships, age determination, size at first maturity and reproductive studies. The identity of the Mediterranean stock has also been examined through tagging activities, extraction and chemical analysis of the otoliths and through genetic studies. Old and new exploitation techniques within the Mediterranean have been analysed in order to identify trends in landings, existence of illegal, unreported and unregulated catches and to conclude whether or not the bluefin tuna population in the Mediterranean is being overexploited. Results obtained all lead to the conclusion that the Mediterranean stock is an independent stock confined to the Mediterranean with minimal exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar. This study provides a strong argument for the management of the bluefin tuna population in the Mediterranean as a unique stock biologically independent of the Atlantic stock.
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Baldrick, Paul. "Studies on ion movement in malpighian tubules of Locusta migratoria L. with particular reference to electrical events." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6853/.
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Intracellular microelectrodes have been used in conjunction with ion substitution, and agonists and inhibitors of known transport processes to investigate the mechanisms whereby ions cross the basal and apical cell membranes of the Malpighian tubules of Locusta. Values for basal, apical and transepithelial potentials in 'Normal' saline were -71.6 ± 0.3 mV, -82.6 ± 0.8 mV and +5.7 ± 1.0 mV (lumen positive) respectively. Ion substitution experiments, involving Na(^+),K(^+) and C1(^-) in the bathing media, indicated that the basal membrane was more permeable to K(^+) than Na(^+) and C1(^-). Two different electrical responses to high [K(^+)](_o) saline (the Type A and Type B response) were noted and these probably reflect distinct physiological states of basal membrane permeability. Experiments with ouabain and vanadate suggested that whilst Na(^+)+K(^+) ATPase activity, which has been demonstrated in microsomal preparations, was not significantly electrogenic, asymmetric ionic distribution across the basal membrane was partly maintained by thisenzyme Furthermore, 3-H ouabain-binding studies indicated that Na(^+)+K(^+) exchange 'pump' turnover was adequate to account for substantial entry and Na^ exit across the basal membrane. The electrochemicalgradient across the apical membrane suggests that exit from the cell must involve an active process with CI following passively. Data from ion substitution experiments and treatment with furosemide and bumetanide suggest that CI entry across the basalmembrane may be via cotransport with Na^ and/or K^. However, the+ —differential electrical responses to Na(^+) free and C1(^-) free salines question the role of Na(^+) in this process. The effects of c AMP, Ca(^2+) substitution and various inhibitors on basal and apical membrane potentials, taken in conjunction with the results referred to above, are discussed and a hypothetical model proposed whereby changes in intracellular Ca(^2+) and c AMP effect control of ion movements across the two cell surfaces.
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Dibiyantoro, Laksanawati H. "Management of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Allium spp. with reference to garlic (A. sativum L.)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358896.
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Tang, Julian Wei-Tze. "An investigation into the energetics of swimming fish with special reference to Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333591.
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Prolonged swimming endurance curves (E, min; U, Ls<SUP>-1</SUP>) and maximum sustained swimming speeds (U<SUB>ms</SUB>, maintainable for 200 minutes) of two sizes (bodylength L, m) of Atlantic salmon (in seawater) were determined: L = 0.15m: E = 864-197U, U<SUB>ms =</SUB> 3.62Ls<SUP>-1&61</SUP> 0.543ms<SUP>-1</SUP>; L = 0.45m: E = 1134-464U, U<SUB>ms =</SUB> 2.03Ls<SUP>-1 =</SUP> 0.91ms<SUP>-1</SUP>. Two hydrodynamical models were applied to these two sizes of Atlantic salmon (in seawater), swimming at or close to U<SUB>ms</SUB>. Mean thrust (T) and mean power (P) values were: L = 0.15m: U = 0.69U<SUB>ms</SUB>, T = 0.0052N, 0.0065N, P&61 0.0019W, 0.0024W; L = 0.45m: U = 0.95U<SUB>ms</SUB>, T = 0.30N, 0.28N, P = 0.26W, 0.25W. Oxygen consumption rates (VO<SUB>2</SUB>) were measured (in seawater, L = 0.65m in freshwater) for three sizes of Atlantic salmon, and Atlantic mackerel at sustained swimming speeds (Ucrit<SUB>x</SUB>, x, the time for which that swimming speed was maintained). VO<SUB>2</SUB> (mgO<SUB>2</SUB>kg<SUP>-1</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>) obtained (and resting VO<SUB>2</SUB>) were: L = 0.15m: Ucrit<SUB>90 =</SUB> 4.0Ls<SUP>-1</SUP>, VO<SUB>2&61</SUB> 566.7 (150); L = 0.60m: Ucrit<SUB>120 =</SUB> 1.4Ls<SUP>-1</SUP>, VO<SUB>2&61</SUB> 270 (55.0); L = 0.65m: Ucrit<SUB>120 =</SUB> 1.09Ls<SUP>-1</SUP>, VO<SUB>2&61</SUB> 185.9 (94.0); Atlantic mackerel (L = 0.35m): Ucrit<SUB>60 =</SUB> 2.50Ls<SUP>-1</SUP>, VO<SUB>2 =</SUB> 270. Maximum sustained muscle power output (P<SUB>ms</SUB>) calculated from specific power output values (Wkg<SUP>-1</SUP>) from the literature, for estimated red muscle masses (M<SUB>R</SUB>) of Atlantic salmon and Atlantic mackerel were: L = 0.15m (body mass M = 25g): M<SUB>R&61</SUB> 1.44g, P<SUB>ms</SUB>-0.0070-0.12W; L = 0.45m (M-750g): M<SUB>R =</SUB> 25-30g, P<SUB>ms&61</SUB> 0.125-0.25W; L = 0.60m (M = 2000g): M<SUB>R =</SUB> 68.2g, P<SUB>ms&61</SUB> 0.34-0.55W; Atlantic mackerel (M = 413-420g): L = 0.35m, M<SUB>R =</SUB> 23-25g, P<SUB>ms =</SUB> 0.12-0.20W. All of the red muscle mass is assumed to be active when the fish is swimming at U<SUB>ms</SUB>. These P<SUB>ms</SUB> values agree well with hydrodynamical and oxygen consumption estimates of power output at U<SUB>ms</SUB>.
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Chan, Laura. "Human exposure assessment of fluoride from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) with specific reference to human bioaccessibility studies." Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/325202.
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This study aims to determine the concentrations of fluoride in UK tea products and their infusions. This is related to the uptake and distribution of fluoride within tea plants Camellia sinensis (L.). Human oral bioaccessibility of fluoride from the consumption of tea infusions was estimated, using an in vitro approach. The possible health significance from fluoride exposure is discussed. Fluoride in tea products and the distribution within the tea plant was determined using a method, involving alkali fused digestion with ion chromatography and a conductivity detector for the instrumentation. For the aqueous infusions and the supernatants in the bioaccessibility experiments, ion selective electrode with a voltmeter was adopted. Mean fluoride concentrations in tea products and their infusions varied significantly (p<0.001; n=3) and were related to the type of tea product and the retail cost. The higher priced teas, such as Darjeeling, Assam and Oolong, had lower fluoride concentrations. The lower priced supermarket Economy ranged teas were significantly higher (p<0.05) in fluoride and exhibited concentrations similar to Chinese Brick tea, which is prepared using mature tea leaves. The higher quality products are prepared by selecting the finest tips of tea (buds), whereas an Economy products use coarser harvesting techniques to include mature leaves in the product. Fluoride affinity and tolerance of C. sinensis was assessed by a series of fluoride dosing experiments, ranging from 0 to 200 mg. Following fluoride dosing, a rapid uptake and accumulation occurred throughout the tea plants, resulting in partial necrosis of random leaves. Despite the necrosis, the plants tolerated the fluoride and continued to increase in height, although at a significantly slower rate (p<0.05) compared to the control plants. Accumulation of fluoride was observed to be mostly in the mature leaves followed by younger buds, then the roots. This relates to the part of the plant used to produce the tea types, with mature leaves for Economy products and the buds for the finer teas. The in vitro bioaccessibility assessment of fluoride estimated that over 91.4% of fluoride from a tea infusion is available in the human gastric compartment, with 92.1% in the gastro-intestinal compartment. The addition of milk reduced fluoride absorption in the gastric and gastro-intestinal compartments to 73.8 and 83.1%, respectively, possibly reacting to form calcium fluoride. Despite the percentage bioaccessibility, the concentration of fluoride available for absorption in the human gut was dependent upon choice of tea product. Based on an adult male, the findings suggest that consuming a litre of Economy tea can fulfil or exceed (75 to 120%) the recommended dietary reference intake (DRI) of fluoride at 4 mg a day, but only partially fulfil (25 to 40%) when consuming a more expensive Pure blend such as Assam. With regards to health, tea consumption is a source of fluoride in the diet and is highly available for absorption in the human gut. Tea alone can fulfil an adult fluoride DRI, but is dependent upon choice of tea product. Excess fluoride in the diet can lead to detrimental health effects such as fluorosis of the teeth and skeletal fluorosis and consuming economy branded tea can lead to a higher exposure.
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Exley, C. "Amelioration of aluminium toxicity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with particular reference to aluminium/silicon interactions." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234950.
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Hyams-Ssekasi, Denis. "The transition of international Sub-Saharan African students into the UK university system with reference to a university in the North of England." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/16428/.
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The study seeks to examine the transition of international Sub-Saharan African students joining a UK University situated in the North of England. This research study examines the existing literature on the transition of international students into higher education; the factors that influence universities in recruiting international students; the motives of students to study in the UK; the issues prospective international Sub-Saharan African students experience in the process; and the support mechanisms universities have in place. Using interviews as the primary research method, an empirical inquiry has enabled the researcher to explore areas of transition where no substantive theory existed. The interviews were conducted with international Sub-Saharan African students who were new to the country and had been in the University for only six weeks. The interviews covered the international Sub-Saharan African students’ background, their decision to study in the UK and their transitional experiences. The research enquiry found that the majority of respondents in the study were first generations pursuing higher education outside their country of origin. Generally, the international Sub-Saharan African students in this study agreed that their previous upbringing and educational experiences had impacted on their studies. In retrospect, the decision to come to study in the UK was influenced by their parents, the prestige of obtaining a UK degree, enhancing future prospects and assisting the families in their own countries. The international Sub-Saharan African students encountered a catalogue of problems which had a great impact on their transitions to a UK university. In the name of “education” and a UK qualification, the international African students were prepared to endure difficulties. Such findings regarding these included: limited support during the transition process, in particular prior to the student arriving in the UK, and also upon arriving at a UK airport, but prior to arriving at the University. Induction programmes are conducted generally in academic institutions, but this research shows they are not targeted at meeting the needs of international African students. Prior learning of international students is not considered. There was also inadequate support for students arriving at the University after the induction process. This research explains perceptions the international Sub-Saharan African students held about their transitional experiences, and personal strategies they deployed in order to cope with their new environment. Whilst the results of the inquiry are in agreement with much of the current literature about international students, this study contributes to the existing knowledge on transition and provides a number of recommendations to the University in order to help improve its transitional processes for international Sub-Saharan African students.
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Winters, Richard. "'The empire of learning' : the School Board of Glasgow and elementary education, 1872-1885, with particular reference to the work of William Mitchell." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/41090/.
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Berbiye, Isaac [Verfasser], and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Lieberei. "Raw Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Quality Parameters : with Special Reference to West Africa / Isaac Berbiye. Betreuer: Reinhard Lieberei." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064077536/34.
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Aditya, Dipak Kumar. "Control of growth and development of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) with reference to seed crop production." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338081.
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Cross, Martin Leslie. "Immune response of carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Foquet), with reference to events within the epidermis." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2556.
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The in vitro and in situ immune responses of carp Cyprinus carpio to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were investigated in order to characterise the immune mechanisms involved in protection. 'O' group and adult carp were immunised against I.multifiliis by controlled infection procedures. Sterile immunity was not achieved; theronts were observed to penetrate the skin of immunised fish, although in the majority of cases this did not lead to successful trophozoite establishment. It was concluded that most parasites prematurely exited the epidermis of immunised fish within two hours of penetration as an active survival strategy. Trophozoites remaining in immunised fish beyond two hours post infection were able to complete normal development. Serum from carp immunised against I.multifiliis displayed specific in vitro theront immobilising activity, and antibody was detected against parasite ciliary membranes and mucocyst organellae; similar activity was not detected in cutaneous mucus. Significant amounts of antibody could not be located at the immediate host/parasite interface of trophozoites in situ in immune skin; prevention of antibody binding may be achieved by means of a mucocyst-derived "sheath" around the parasite and the formation of a layer of necrotic host tissue debris. Parasite development in immunised fish initiated a localised cellular infiltration, predominated by type III granulocytes ("basophils'') and mast cell-like cells, the activity of which may augment further cellular and humoral infiltration. Sites of premature parasite exit from the epidermis of immunised fish were infiltrated by actively phagocytic cells, predominantly macrophages, probably in response to localised antibody/antigen complex deposition. Pronephric leucocytes of immunised fish displayed greater in vitro non-specific phagocytic activity than cells of carp naive to I.multifiliis; the relevance of this to enhanced antigen uptake in immunised fish is discussed. Based on results of the present study, a model for the Mode of protection in fish against I.multifiliis is proposed.
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Althawadi, Ali Mubarak. "The leaf energy balance of a desert plant Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. with special reference to water economy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11968.
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Fogg, Kay Elizabeth. "Studies on ion movements in Malpighian tubules of Locusta migratoria L., with particular reference to their endocrine control." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6191/.
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Intracellular microelectrodes were used in conjunction with ion substitution, agonists and inhibitors of known transport processes and diuretic hormone (DH), to investigate the mechanisms whereby ions cross the basal and apical cell membranes of the Malpighian tubules of Locusta migratoria, and their endocrine control. Values for basal, apical and transepithelial potentials in control saline were -70.4 + 0.9 mV, -76.1 ± 1.5 mV and +5.5 ± 1.3 mV (lumen positive), respectively (n=73).Ion substitution experiments, involving K(^+), Na(^+) and CI(^-) in the bathing medium, indicated that the basal membrane is more permeable to K(^+) than Na(^+) and CI(^-). Ion flux studies suggest that CI(^-) entry across the basal membrane is not by direct cotransport with K(^+), nor Na(^+). Some CI(^-) entry also appears to be stimulated under conditions of high K(^+)(_o). Crude corpus cardiacum (CC) preparations with DH activity effected ca. 150% increase in tubular fluid secretion above basal secretion in vitro, and ca. 106% and 335% increase in net transepithelial Na(^+) and Cl(^-) movement from bathing medium to lumen above basal flux, respectively. Treatment of tubules with CC extract also resulted in a significant increase in levels of the intracellular second messengers, cAMP and the Ca(^2+)-mobilizing Inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate. Ion substitution experiments using dibutyryl cAMP suggest that cAMP stimulates an apical cation pump, whilst having no effect on Cl(^-) conductance. Cytochemical localization and membrane separation techniques used in conjunction with biochemical analyses indicate the presence of (Na(^+)+K(^+))-ATPase on the basolateral membranes, and HCO(_3)- stimulated ATPase on both the basolateral and apical membranes. The results referred to above are discussed, and a hypothetical model is proposed to describe the endocrine control of ion movements across the two cell membranes mediated by changes in intracellular cAMP and Ca(^2+).
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Murayama, Hideki. "STUDIES ON RIPENING CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR(Pyrus com-munis L.) FRUIT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149938.
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Starks, Gwendolyn Aileen Pacey. "A 'proper job' : acting as vocation and work in theological perspective with particular reference to Dorothy L. Sayers." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6390.
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In this dissertation, I will be looking at the actor as a craftsperson and artist from both a secular and a theological standpoint in order to determine if the labour of acting can be considered both as work, a “proper job”; and as a calling from God, a vocation. The main questions prompting and shaping this dissertation have arisen out of my own personal experience as an actor struggling both in the performing arts business and with my Christian faith. So, the opening chapter will introduce a personal background approach to the dissertation. It will summarize the experiences that brought me to the place of asking these two questions. It will also serve as an introduction to the life of Dorothy L. Sayers, outlining her own life and demonstrating why she is important to our work as actors. Chapter Two will then cover historical data on Anti-Theatrical Prejudice, laying the foundation for the ongoing discomfort with and misunderstanding regarding the actor's craft. Chapters Three and Four will examine separately our notions of work (Three) and then of vocation (Four) in order to gain a broader view of these two terms. At this point, we will have laid the path to reintroduce Dorothy L. Sayers in Chapters Five, Six and Seven, both as a partner in conversation and as one who held this broader understanding of the terms work and vocation and applied them to creative activities, in particular acting. The final chapter will look at acting as connected to the basic features of life. It, among other things, will revisit some of the anti-theatre argument; pick up on ideas such as the imagination's ability to rehearse life; and will examine some uses of acting as a means of human exploration and social change. Finally, we will explore the artistry, technique, and craft of the actor, to firmly establish the place of acting in society as an important task, a “proper job,” and a Christian vocation.
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Di?genes, Lidiane de Morais. "Referencia??o anaf?rica :as an?foras n?o-correfereciais no livro did?tico da l?ngua portuguesa." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16216.
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Previous issue date: 2006-07-14<br>On recent years, it has been observed an increasing interest on referentiation processes, which involves an important field of Text Linguistics and Discourse Analysis studies. The existence of a significant number of international and national publications which focus on this perspective corroborate this finding. Given the textbook importance as a teaching instrument, and the relevance of the referentiation processes to text production and comprehension, we realize that the study of these two topics articulation is taken as a relevant research theme, with consequences to the improvement of Portuguese Language teaching. Taking this into consideration, we intend to analyze the non-coreference anaphors in texts of Portuguese Language textbooks from fifth to eighth grades, adopted in many schools of Pau dos Ferros RN, considering the frequency, genre, kind of anaphor and manifestation form. This study is classified as a documental and qualitative research. We have found out that the indirect anaphor was used in more than a half of the corpus. We have found out, as well, that the literary and press genres do not favor the use of labeling and metadiscursive anaphors. On the other hand, concerning the indirect anaphor, it is clear its abundant use in the literary genre. In what concerns the manifestation forms, we have verified that on labeling and metadiscursive anaphors it is significant the predominance of demonstrative pronouns working as determiners. On the indirect anaphor, we have verified that most of the occurrences do not present a determiner, and for the ones which present it, the majority occurs under the form of definite and indefinite articles. We believe that this work can contribute to the activities which involve questions related to text production and comprehension, since the referentiation processes are intimately related to them<br>Nos ?ltimos anos, tem sido crescente o interesse pelos processos de referencia??o, o que envolve um campo importante de estudos da Ling??stica Textual e da An?lise do Discurso. A exist?ncia de um n?mero significativo de publica??es, internacionais e nacionais, que aprofundam essa perspectiva, comprovam essa constata??o. Dada a import?ncia do livro did?tico, enquanto instrumento do professor em sala de aula, e a relev?ncia dos processos de referencia??o para a produ??o e compreens?o de textos, entendemos que o estudo da articula??o desses dois t?picos configura-se como um tema de pesquisa relevante, com conseq??ncias para a melhoria do ensino de L?ngua Portuguesa. Assim, pretendemos analisar as an?foras n?o-correferenciais em textos de um livro did?tico de L?ngua Portuguesa, da 5? ? 8? s?ries, adotado em diversas escolas de Pau dos Ferros RN, considerando a freq??ncia, o g?nero textual no qual se inserem, o tipo de an?fora e a forma de manifesta??o. Nosso trabalho configura-se em uma pesquisa documental, de cunho qualitativo. Conclu?mos que a an?fora indireta foi utilizada em mais da metade de todo o corpus da pesquisa. Vimos, ainda, que os g?neros liter?rio e de imprensa n?o favorecem o emprego das an?foras rotuladora e metadiscursiva, por outro lado, quanto ? an?fora indireta, podemos observar de maneira clara que esse tipo de an?fora ? mais utilizado no g?nero liter?rio. No que diz respeito ? forma de manifesta??o, constamos que, nas an?foras rotuladora e metadicursiva, ? significativa a predomin?ncia de pronomes demonstrativos funcionando enquanto determinantes. Na an?fora indireta, verificamos que a maioria das ocorr?ncias n?o apresenta determinante e que, para as an?foras que apresentam determinante, a maioria aparece sob a forma de artigos definidos e indefinidos. Acreditamos que esse trabalho possa contribuir para as atividades que envolvem quest?es relacionadas ? produ??o e compreens?o de textos, uma vez que os processos de referencia??o est?o intimamente relacionados a essas atividades
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Kano, Akiyo. "Adding context to automated text input error analysis with reference to understanding how children make typing errors." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2011. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/5320/.
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Despite the enormous body of literature studying the typing errors of adults, children's typing errors remain an understudied area. It is well known in the field of Child-Computer Interaction that children are not 'little adults'. This means findings regarding how adults make typing mistakes cannot simply be transferred into how children make typing errors, without first understanding the differences. To understand how children differ from adults in the way they make typing mistakes, typing data were gathered from both children and adults. It was important that the data collected from the contrasting participant groups were comparable. Various methods of collecting typing data from adults were reviewed for suitability with children. Several issues were identified that could create a bias towards the adults. To resolve these issues, new tools and methods were designed, such as a new phrase set, a new data collector and new computer experience questionnaires. Additionally, there was a lack of an analysis method of typing data suitable for use with both children and adults. A new categorisation method was defined based on typing errors made by both children and adults. This categorisation method was then adapted into a Java program, which dramatically reduced the time required to carry out typing categorisation. Finally, in a large study, typing data collected from 231 primary school children, aged between 7 and 10 years, and 229 undergraduate computing students were analysed. Grouping the typing errors according to the context in which they occurred allowed for a much more detailed analysis than was possible with error rates. The analysis showed children have a set of errors they made frequently that adults rarely made. These errors that are specific to children suggest that differences exist between the ways the two groups make typing errors. This finding means that children's typing errors should be studied in their own right.
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Proffitt, Geoffrey W. H. "The biology and ecology of purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. with special reference to the root system." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482793.
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Smith, Christine Mary. "Genetic variation for fruit development of Pisum sativum L., with special reference to the effects of the rugosus locus." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2266.
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This study has compared various aspects of pea fruit development, using two green-podded lines near-isogenic except for the r locus and a yellow-podded mutant having the genotype gpgp. The gp gene is associated with reduced chlorophyll in the pod wall which then appears yellow. The r gene is associated with a wrinkled appearance of mature dried seed and cotyledonary starch grains which are small and fissured. An ultrastructural survey of tissues from pods, testas and cotyledons showed there to be no effect of the r locus on chloroplast structure. The structure of amyloplasts however, appeared to be affected by the r locus; starch grains in the cotyledons having a rugged outline in the wrinkled type. Chloroplasts from the inner tissues of the yellow pod were similar to those in leaves, green pods, green-podded testas and cotyledons. Chloroplasts in the yellow pod mesocarp and in the testa of yellow pods had dilated thylakoids, less starch and more lipid than the green-podded types. Growth analysis of the near-isogenic lines showed there to be no difference between the round (RR) and wrinkled (rr) lines in pod and testa growth, but embryo growth differed. The wrinkled embryo contained more water during development but had a lower final dry weight than the round embryos. Water potential (an indication of the osmotic regulation) was lower in the wrinkled embryos than in the round embryos, except very early in development when it was higher in the wrinkled embryos. In vitro culture of embryos showed that optimum growth was obtained in liquid media containing 10% sucrose as a carbon source. Replacing sucrose with mannitol determined that it was the sucrose which was important, not its resulting water potential. These gp and r gene effects and their relevance to future breeding programmes are discussed with other biochemical studies on similar genotypes.
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Macharia, J. N. M. "Growth and photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.) in sub-optimal environments with particular reference to Britain and Kenya." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234197.
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Perez-Leroux, Huberto Amiro Jose. "Effect of nitrogen on the photosynthesis and productivity of Zea mays L. seedlings : with particular reference to intraspecific variation." Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278541.
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Wakeel, Abdul. "Substitution of potassium by sodium in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) nutrition with special reference to K-fixing soils." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994756046/04.
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Dias, Sara Raquel Correia. "Estudo dos níveis de L-lactato em plasma de coelho (Oryctolagus cuniculus) : determinação de valores de referência e seu valor prognóstico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2553.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>Em medicina humana, diversos estudos demonstraram que a medição do lactato sérico é um
instrumento útil no diagnóstico, monitorização e prognóstico de uma larga variedade de
síndromes clínicas. Em medicina veterinária, muito pouco foi relatado sobre índices
prognósticos do lactato. A hiperlactatémia e a acidose láctica ocorrem frequentemente em
medicina veterinária, em animais em estado crítico que apresentam alterações clínicas únicas
ou múltiplas, tais como choque, insuficiência hepática, septicémia, neoplasias,
envenenamento, entre outras. As situações de hipoperfusão e consequente hipoxigenação
conduzem a um aumento do metabolismo anaeróbio e como resultado, à hiperlactatémia.
Com a elaboração deste trabalho pretendeu-se, determinar os valores de referência de Llactato
plasmático em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus), bem como avaliar e interpretar
diferenças nos níveis de lactato entre coelhos doentes e não doentes e também entre animais
sobreviventes e não sobreviventes, que ingressaram no Centro Veterinario Los Sauces, para
consulta ou que permaneceram internados na UCI. Ao mesmo tempo, pretendeu-se detectar
diferenças nos níveis de lactato consoante a patologia presente e efectuar a comparação com a
respectiva evolução em termos de sobrevivência.
De acordo com o estudo, os valores normais encontraram-se entre 6,89 – 8,66 mmol/L
(IC 95%) e os coelhos doentes tendem a apresentar no momento de ingresso valores mais
elevados. Ao longo do estudo foi possível constatar que os animais cujos valores de lactato
baixavam para valores normais após terapêutica apresentavam um melhor prognóstico de
sobrevivência. Os animais cujos níveis de lactato baixam para além dos valores de referência
e se mantêm baixos, estatisticamente, têm menor probabilidade de sobrevivência.<br>ABSTRACT -
Several studies in human medicine have shown that measurements of serum lactate are a
useful tool in diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of a wide variety of clinical syndromes.
Hyperlactataemia and lactic acidosis occurs commonly in veterinary medicine in critically ill
patients who have single or multiple clinical disorders, such as shock, states of low cardiac
output, acute liver disease, sepsis, cancer, poisoning, drug administration and others. In
veterinary medicine, there are few studies that associate lactate levels to prognostic indexes.
Situations of hypoperfusion and consequent hipoxygenation lead to an increase in anaerobic
metabolism and, as a result to hyperlactataemia.
The purpose of this study was to determine the normal range for L-lactate in rabbits
(Oryctolagus cuniculus) and to assess if these levels could be used either as a diagnostic tool
between healthy and sick animals, or as a prognostic factor in survivors and non-survivors
during the period of hospitalization. During the study we also tried to detect differences in
blood lactate levels within diseases and compare their evolution in terms of survival.
We found the reference L-lactate range to be 6,89 – 8,66 mmol/L (IC 95%), and hill rabbits
normally showed a higher lactate values. During this study, a decrease in lactate levels, to
normal values, after treatment was most evident in surviving animals, whereas in nonsurvivors
values decreased below the normal range, over time.
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Najjar, Sumaya Ali. "Metaphors in translation : an investigation of a sample of Quran metaphors with reference to three English versions of the Quran." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6184/.
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This study aims to investigate the challenges of translating metaphors of the Quran. It examines English speakers' understanding of a number of Quran metaphors which are selected from three well known English versions of the Quran translations. In addition, the study highlights the root causes which may be deemed to be a source of misunderstanding Quran metaphors. The study also aims to find out to what extant metaphors of the Quran can maintain their sense in today's context. Translation in today's globalised world is gaining relevance as a means to enhance communication among multicultural nations. Translation studies have contributed significantly in bridging the linguistic and the cultural gap among languages. However, the key literature of this study suggests that, translating metaphors and translating metaphors of the Quran in particular have been under researched as they are very often overlooked in translation studies. The conclusion that can be drawn from the predominant literature related to translation studies is that the on-going debates over the faithful, loyal approaches of translating vs. the free and dynamic methods have generated in parts insightful explanations and interesting and useful, but they have fallen short of providing a general consensus. This study takes the view that there is no master plan for translating and that a word for word approach often leads to stilted translation particularly when dealing with metaphors. Given the nature of the topic under consideration, this study combines both qualitative and quantitative methods. The advantage of the use of both methods for collecting data is highly considered and recommended. Utilization of this combination enhances the trustworthiness of findings as well as reduces limitations. The qualitative method in this study represents scholars' interpretations and views and a questionnaire as a data collection instrument is adopted to enhance the result of this study. The findings suggest that the three selected English versions of the Quran have fallen short of conveying the meaning of Quran metaphors. The findings also indicate that the meaning is often mistranslated or misleading or misunderstood by English readers.
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Ventura, Hugo Jorge Rodrigues Eliseu. "Qualidade nutricional do perfil lipídico da carne de lampreia-marinha (Petromyzon marinus, L.) utilizada em consumo humano." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13218.
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Existindo uma forte tradição no nosso país de consumo de lampreia-marinha em muitas populações ribeirinhas, o objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em determinar a qualidade nutricional do perfil lipídico da carne de lampreia-marinha de forma a avaliar se o seu consumo poderia ser considerado uma prática saudável na dieta dos portugueses.
Foram capturados 30 animais durante o início da época de migração reprodutora, provenientes das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Guadiana e Mondego, para efeitos de caracterização química e nutricional do músculo.
Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a carne de lampreia-marinha apresenta qualidade nutricional em termos de perfil lipídico. Todavia, o consumo desta espécie pode revelar-se uma prática menos saudável para os apreciadores, na medida em que estes consomem lampreia-marinha com uma frequência elevada durante os dois a três meses em que é permitida a sua captura em território nacional; Nutritional quality of the lipid profile of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) meat used for human consumption
Abstract:
There is a strong tradition in our country for the consumption of sea lamprey in many riverside populations. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional quality of the lipid profile of sea lamprey meat, in order to determine if its comsumption could be considered a healthy practice in the Portuguese diet. For the chemical and nutritional characterization of sea lamprey muscle, 30 animals were captured during early spawning migration season from Guadiana and Mondego river basins. The results suggest that the meat of sea lamprey presents a good nutritional quality in terms of lipid profile. However, the use of this species for consumption may represent a less healthy practice in the health of the consumers, insofar as the frequency of comsumption during the two to three months period in which the captures were allowed in Portugal is very high.
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Mazzoli, Valentina. "The creation and use of an international reference glossary specific for horror role-playing games." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9215/.
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This thesis focuses on the technical approach to the translation of the Italian horror role-playing game Sine Requie into English. It aims to prove that both the role-playing and horror aspects of the genre are important to convey an enjoyable experience to the players, and that it is possible to create and international reference glossary to better translate the horror genre itself. Following a brief introduction of the history of role-playing games (RPGs), we will look at the RPG technical vocabulary in Sine Requie, and analyze which of these elements can be translated following the great models of the history of role-playing games. A brief introduction will follow regsrding the horror genre and its core characteristics based on the work of worldwide famous horror writer H.P. Lovecraft. Lastly, a description on how the international reference glossary for the horror genre was created will be presented along with a few examples of its practical use.
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Atwell, Anthony O'Brien. "An exploration of how schools cope psychologically with a critical incident, considering support processes, with particular reference to decision-making regarding outside support, especially support available from a local authority C.I.R.T (Critical Incident Response Team)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7722/.
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The thesis explores how schools cope psychologically with a Critical Incident, from the perspectives of the school decision-makers. It examines support strategies in the short, medium and long-term and at a whole-school, group and individual level. The process of support is considered in terms of its contribution to normalisation. The exploration makes particular reference to decision-making factors for schools regarding outside support post-Critical Incident, especially that which is available from a Local Authority Critical Incident Response Team (C.I.R.T.). Eleven schools participated, creating two data sets balanced between those requesting C.I.R.T. support and these that did not. Decision-makers, most of whom were head teachers, were interviewed and subsequently the resultant data was scrutinised through the process of thematic analysis from an interpretivist perspective. Overall the themes revealed that schools coped psychologically through a pastoral response targeted for both staff, young people and families, leading to reduced stress and whole-school normalisation. There are systemic limitations and pressures, however schools which requested external support through C.I.R.T. reported useful outcomes, particularly a strengthened staff and an enhanced sense of preparedness. Decision-making regarding external support is influenced by the initial impact of the C.l. (Critical Incident), circumstantial factors and situational need whereby schools assess their own capacity to cope. The thesis concludes that schools are generally able to cope effectively psychologically post-C.I., however some decision-makers do request support from C.I.R.T., which schools perceive as being beneficial.