Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'La gouvernance locale en Angola'
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Alfredo, Pereira. "O governo electrónico local no contexto de Angola: proposta de um modelo conceptual." Doctoral thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4794.
Full textDesde os primórdios da Humanidade, até aos nossos dias, a gestão do território, continua a ser uma temática complexa, dados os elementos que os compõem, que estabelecem relações complexas e intensas, cuja mediação transcende por vezes a própria capacidade humana. Isto, não demanda por vezes da falta de competências ou habilidades, mas sim da intensidade própria de fluxos de relacionamentos que se entrelaçam em si mesmas. Daí decorre a necessidade permanente de se encontrar outras formas de auxiliar a gestão do território, como no caso em estudo, o recurso ao Governo e à Governação electrónica. Tendo por base a questão de partida de como é que no contexto de Angola podem ser implementados e explorados os benefícios do Governo Electrónico Local, é proposto um modelo para a exploração do potencial do Governo Electrónico Local que tenha em atenção as particularidades do contexto de Angola. O percurso efectuado, começou pelo levantamento da bibliográfia e do estado da arte, que retrata as práticas e os modelos de governo electrónico e do governo electrónico local, estabelecendo bases conceptuais para a análise do contexto específico a tratar. Para o efeito, foi realizada uma recolha de dados, apoiada numa metodologia de investigação-acção, com a aplicação de questionários à população e de entrevistas dirigidas a elementos de nível estratégico e do nível executivo. O trabalho apresente no essencial três contributos: (i) a apresentação de uma proposta de modelo de conceptual de Governo Electrónico Local para o uso no contexto de Angola; (ii) a recolha e disponibilização de dados que proporciona um retrato do país na sua vertente de Sociedade da Informação e (iii) um conjunto de recomendações para a implementação e desenvolvimento do modelo proposto para suporte ao Governo Electrónico Local. O trabalho permitiu constatar que existe bibliografia extensa sobre a área em estudo. Da análise e trabalho realizado, foi desenvolvido e proposto um modelo para o Governo Electrónico Local, tendo em conta o contexto específico de Angola. O modelo proposto confirma que é possível o recurso ao Governo Electrónico Local, para apoio à implementação das autarquias locais em Angola. O Governo Electrónico Local, tem potencial para acompanhar a implementação e exploração do quadro político previsto, de forma ajustada à realidade e ao contexto de Angola e incorporando as vantagens reportadas pelos casos de sucesso existentes na adopção do Governo Electrónico. Os questionários e entrevistas realizadas permitiram observar que há um número considerável de utilizadores de Internet e de dispositivos móveis, abrindo boas perspectivas para a implementação do Governo Electrónico Local. De igual modo, ficou provado através dos dados recolhidos, que os serviços públicos ainda não estão próximos dos cidadãos e que os níveis de interacção e participação precisam de ser melhorados, pelo que o recurso ao potencial do Governo Electrónico Local é um instrumento que pode permitir o aumento da eficiência e a maior eficácia dos serviços públicos prestados que justifica, no contexto do poder local.
Since the beginning of the Humanity, till our days, the territory management it is still a complex subject matter, taking into account the elements that it has, which establish complex relations, that its measurement sometimes transcend the human capacity. It sometimes does not demand lack of competences or abilities, but of course the intensity of the relationships that connects in itself. Therefore, there is a constant necessity in finding other ways of aiding the territory management, as the case in study, the appeal to the Government and the Electronic Government. The starting point to this issue, it is how in the context of Angola should be implemented and explored the benefits of the Local Electronic Government? It is proposed a model for exploration of potential of the Local e-government that has in attention the particularities of the context of Angola. The work done has started by collecting the bibliographic data and consequent state of art that portrays the practices and the models of Electronic Government and Local Electronic Government, establish conceptual bases to analyze the specific context to focus on. For the effect, it was realized the collection of data using a methodology of investigation-action, with the application of questionnaires to population and interviews made to elements of strategic level, and to elements of executive level. The work presents essentially three contributes: (i) a presentation of a proposal of a model of conceptual of Local Electronic Government to be used in the context of Angola; (ii) the collection of statistic data that provides portrays the country in its context of information society, and (iii) a group of recommendations to be implemented and for the development of the model proposed to support the Local Electronic Government. The work allowed noticing that exits extensive bibliography about the area in study. From analyze and the work done, it was developed and proposed a model for Local Electronic Government, taking into account the specific context of Angola. The model proposed confirms that it is possible the appeal to Local Electronic Government, to implement the local councils in Angola. The Local Electronic Government, has a potential to guide the implementation and exploration of the politic moment foreseen, related to the reality and in the context of Angola and including the advantages reported by existing successful events in the e-government adoption. The questionnaires and interviews carried out in this work allowed to observe that there are a substantial number of Internet users and mobile devices, allowing for a good perspective to the implementation of Local Electronic Government. At the time, it was proved through data gathered that the public services are not yet near the citizens and the interaction and the participation need to be developed, so that the potential appeal to the Local Electronic Government becomes an instrument that may allow the increase of efficiency and efficacy of public services provided to the target group that justifies it within the context of local power.
Depuis l'aube de l'humanité, à ce jour, l’aménagement du territoire, reste toujours une question complexe, étant donné les éléments constitutifs qui établissent des relations complexes et intenses, dont la médiation dépasse parfois la capacité humaine. Cela ne dépend pas du manque de compétences ou de capacités, mais de l'intensité même du flux de relations qui s’entrelacent. D'où la nécessité de continuer à trouver d'autres moyens pour aider la gestion du territoire, tels que celui de notre étude, ´est lui dire l'appel au gouvernement et à la gouvernance électronique. Basé sur la question initiale de comment, dans le contexte particulier de l’Angola, peut on mettre en oeuvre et exploiter les avantages de l'administration locale en ligne. Nous proposons un modèle pour explorer le potentiel de l'administration locale en ligne, en tenant compte des particularités du contexte de l'Angola. Le chemin parcouru a commencé pour la révision de la littérature et de l'état de l'art, qui représentent les pratiques et les modèles d’e-gouvernement et de-gouvernement locale, en établissant une base conceptuelle pour l'analyse du contexte spécifique à étudier. À cette fin, une collection de données a été réalisée, basée sur une méthodologie de recherche-action, avec l'application de questionnaires à la population et des entretiens visant aux éléments de niveau stratégique et de niveau exécutif. Cette étude présente essentiellement trois contributions: (i) la présentation d'une proposition de modèle conceptuel pour le gouvernement locale électronique dans le contexte de l'Angola; (ii) la collecte et la disponibilité de données qui fournissent un profil du pays en tant que partie de la société de l'information et (iii) une série de recommandations pour la mise en oeuvre et le développement du modèle proposé de soutien pour le gouvernement locale électronique. Le travail nous a permis vérifier l’existence d’une littérature abondante sur ce domaine d'étude. A partir de l’analyse de cette bibliographie a été élaboré et proposé un modèle pour le gouvernement local électronique, en tenant compte du contexte spécifique de l'Angola.Le modèle proposé confirme que l'utilisation de l'e-Gouvernement est le mieux chemin pour soutenir la mise en oeuvre des gouvernements locaux en Angola. Le gouvernement locale électronique a le potentiel pour aider la mise en oeuvre et le fonctionnement du cadre politique prévu, correspondant à la réalité actuelle de l'Angola, si l’on prend en compte les avantages signalés par les histoires de réussite présenté dans l'adoption de l'administration en ligne. Des questionnaires et des entretiens ont noté qu'il a un nombre considérable d'utilisateurs d'Internet et les appareils mobiles, ouvrant de bonnes perspectives pour la mise en oeuvre de l'administration locale en ligne. De même, il a été prouvé par les données recueillies, que les services publics ne sont pas proches des citoyens et que les niveaux d'interaction et de participation doivent être améliorés, de sorte que l'utilisation du potentiel local de l’e-Gouvernement locale soit un outil qui puisse permettre augmenter de l'efficacité et la prestation Dun service public plus efficace dans le contexte de l'administration locale.
Thirion, Anne-Marie. "La gouvernance locale des écocités : regard comparatif France-Danemark." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G020.
Full textThis work deconstructs governance over four ecocity projects: two in Rennes (France), one in Copenhagen and another one in Helsingør (Denmark), which have been completed over one or several decades. The monitoring of these projects is carried out at the metropolitan level, but with a significant nation-state and European Union influence. These projects peculiarly highlight the views of public and private institutions or NGOs on large urban territories nowadays. The analysis covers different scales from a local or national to a supranational perspective. They also point out how well institutions are managed, and question how consistent public action and local democracy is in today's globalized world. My research is based on two hypotheses. It first assumes the emergence of a new governance model between public and private stakeholders across these state-of-the-art urban projects. Secondly, it raises the question of new patterns based on marketing methods and communication tools. It raises therefore the question of common European building features. Finally, the purpose of this research is to deliver a new typology of urban sustainable projects, based on three pillars (economic, social and environmental) as suggested by the Brundtland report (1987), the international reference in sustainability, if any
Traoré, Moussa Khoré. "La gouvernance locale dans le secteur de l'Education au Mali." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2004/document.
Full textThis thesis tackles the question of the local governance on the sector of the education in Mali. She propose an economic analysis of the mechanisms by which the public authorities imply the local actors (territorial collectivities, communities, services decentralized and decentralized by the state, the NGO) in the management and the offer of public services (education), while making a contribution of the problems of the local governance of the education. It is structured in three chapters, whit as frame of analysis the economy of the education, the economy of the development and the institutional economy.The first chapter gives to an overview of the Malian education system through some key indicators (rough rate of schooling, rate net schooling…) and its major characteristics of which inequalities of access. It also measure the weight of the sector of the education in the Malian economy in terms of educational public spending and analyzes quantitatively and qualitatively the educational offer before identifying the factors which influence the request for education of the families.The second chapter clarifies concept of the local governance and its evolution in particular in the sector education. It analyzes the management of the Malian education system between reform and transfer of competence and of responsibilities with the local actors, the mechanisms of coordination’s and cooperation’s. It deciphers the logics of approval of the governance of the education at the local level thanks to a study of ground led in the region of Kayes, Koulikoro, Segou, Sikasso and the district of Bamako near the local actors. The third chapter analyzes the stakes and the challenge of the governance local as strategy of educational development. He makes contribution to the problems of the governance of education by the local actors. It analyzes the contribution of those to the improvement of the educational offer and the schooling of the children during the period 2004-2011. Then, through an econometric application of the given of panel, it estimates the effects of the improvement of the school offer on the evolution of children. Lastly, this chapter evaluates the development of education at the local level through the index of educational development (IDE). In the term of our reflection, we consider that the local governance is an asset to improve certain educational indicators, in particular the rate of access, the rate of schooling, the school rate of retention, the school cover of country etc. for as much, it only the local governance could not satisfy or take up all the educational challenges, as well in their quantitative dimension as in their qualitative dimension
Abushosha, Suhail. "Habitat, aménagement et gouvernance locale en Palestine : le cas de Naplouse." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843013.
Full textBall, Adama. "Élections et gouvernance locale au Sénégal : le cas de l'agglomération dakaroise." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUEL016.
Full textAbout twenty years after « democratic transitions » in Africa, even though the question of the reliability of electoral ballots arises with acuteness, most of researches reoriented towards political participation. In Senegal, since the application of regionalization in 1996, municipal, rural and regional elections allowed candidates, political parties, and civil society's organizations to invest local political area. The deciphering of candidates speech, the analysis of election results and elected representatives profiles show the articulation between both local and national stakes. To analyse these stakes and sociopolitical dynamics which they arouse, we promote a political and territorial approach. Political approach analyzes the political and sociological electorates in the urban area of Dakar. Territorial approach shows that current plan of the urban governance results from complex strategies, from unpredictable balance of power between multiple social players. Beyond thematic analysis, this study innovates as far as it presents an election results processing which is at the same time synoptic and differential. Our thesis purpose is to show, how from the processes of « municipalization » and « politicization » (on a local scale), the democracy of decentralization became a political geography of territories control
Lopez, Pelaez Juanita. "La construction sociale du risque à Medellin (Colombie) : gouvernance locale et représentations." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0071.
Full textThis work analyses the process of social construction of risk in Medellin. Since the middle of the 20th century "natural" disaster due to landslides, floods and flashfloods has caused over 1,000 deaths, affecting over 50,000 people and destroying over 5,000 homes. Although the city itself has been marked by a great catastrophe, understood in its classic sense, such as Villatina in 1987, disasters are mostly "small disasters" that affect the daily lives of informal settlement inhabitants. Nevertheless, their accumulated "major effects" in time and space have historically been brushed aside by the affected people themselves as well as by local authorities. The pattern of disasters shows the way in which social segmentations have taken place resulting in particular from a heterogeneous distribution of public utilities, leading to the accelerated degradation of a geographically constraining site. This context is common to other Andean cities as well as, in general, to aIl developing cities. The main interest of this case study is that a lot of resources have been invested in the last three decades in attempting to assess and manage risk. Medellin is also the city where different urban risks at various levels coexist, particularly in regard to the Colombian political conflict, making risk assessment more difficult. Through a large field research, this study looks at the relationships that exist between public policies, actions and social representations of risk and disasters. The dissertation is organized in three main parts: first accumulated effects of disasters are analyzed from a historical point of view and in relation to the underlying causes of "vulnerability as well as the roots of the public debate about risk. Secondly, it analyses the main strategies of risk reduction that have been applied. Finally, it analyses the contradictions between risk governance and disaster response and the difficulties of achieving risk governance from a bottom-up perspective. Instead of being a framework allowing us to understand the complexity of elements that compose risk and to move towards a sustainable urban development, this work brought us to the conclusion that local public risk management policies have been used mainly as a tool to constrain informal urban development. As a consequence, this fragmented vision has inhibited the improvement of a more holistic and multi-hazard approach concerning the conurbation as a whole and, in the other hand, it has aggravated the risk conditions of the most vulnerable groups of the population
Lidgi, Sylvie Bourdin Alain. "Paris-gouvernance ou Les malices des politiques urbaines : J. Chirac, J. Tibéri /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372209833.
Full textNdiaye, Amadou Tidiane. "Le transfert des périmètres irrigués dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal : gouvernance locale ou étatisation?" Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0379.
Full textThis doctoral thesis develops the problem of the self-management of the irrigated areas transferred to the peasant organizations of the Senegal River delta. It analyzes the logic and the real motivations of this transfer but also the local governance constraints against state actors resistance to give up their authoritarianism. This so-called salutary empowerment was hastily given and has for consequences: adjournment or transposition of the economic and social disparities generated and maintained by the system of state frame, transformation of the hydraulic Unions in potential zone of tensions and conflicting places between factions in search of poxer and emergency of a bureaucratic peasant elite. Nevertheless, it created a social bubbling situation which triggered a reflexive brainwork on the rice-growing, the agricultural professionalization and the auto-development
Zahed, Mahrez. "Gestion publique locale et performance : les collectivités territoriales face aux défis de la nouvelle gouvernance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1024.
Full textThe preservation of public spending, moreover in times of financial crises is an ongoing challenge for government. This strong political will has found its significance in the broad political consensus generated by the preparation and implementation of the Organic Law which would enable good governance and sound public expenditure. This new “Constitution” financial laid the groundwork for the performance process at the state level. The link between economic and financial conditions on the one hand and the quest for a reform of the state for the sound management of public expenditure and the other is clear.The local public performance is presented both as a management objective in view of all initiatives at local level, but also as a management tool because of its impact, including financial
Diallo, Yaya. "Dakar, métropole en mouvement : recomposition territoriale et enjeux de la gouvernance urbaine à Rufisque." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0370/document.
Full textThis dissertation is the result of many years of work which started in 2006 while doing a Masters in geography at the faculty of Social Sciences of Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar. This study examines the strategies linked to decentralization and methods used to encourage local participation in methods used by the state to achieve policy objectives. This analysis puts a focus on the interaction between the local government and the efforts towards decentralization. The principal objective is to examine the geopolitical issues linked to the governance and strategies of urban planning employed by the state in Dakar on the basis of the principles of the sustainable development This involves an examination of the strategies related to the development of territories, at different scales in communities with regards to the geopolitical and geographic impacts. This requires a methodology that facilitates insight to capture a vision of the context and support the scientific approach used in the dissertation in a manner that represents the evolution of communities of Dakar
Niangoran, Koffi Rameaux. "Le financement des collectivités territoriales en Côte d'Ivoire : essai sur la gouvernance publique locale en Afrique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010282.
Full textDecentralization is the major institutional innovation that African countries since the 1990s. If it is irreversible, the fact remains that the ability of local authorities to provide local public services to local people and to boost development economic and social development is constrained by the narrow legal means, financial, human and material. This thesis public law concerns the financing of local authorities in Côte d'Ivoire. The overall objective of this study is to demonstrate one band, the different local public policies financed by local institutions, and secondly, the means used to finance them. After an investigation that has used many types of data (documents, interviews, direct observations, etc.) it appears that the local authorities financing assets in Côte d'Ivoire have proven and can point to a success material for making local investment. However, the existing legislative tools and devices on sustainable local development raise difficulties raise questions about the very effectiveness of the financial system in these decentralized entities. This means that malfunctions exist on this subject and impede the initiatives of local elected officials. Based on a series of African case studies and numerous examples in other parts of the world, this thesis proposes concrete ways to modernize the Ivorian local government finance system. The evolution of the economic and social development across Côte d'Ivoire depends largely 011 this legal reform, institutional and sociological
N'nde, Takukam Pierre Boris. "Production de la sécurité, rationalité et gouvernance locale : une ethnographie urbaine à Douala et Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26932.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the security rationality, which organizes Douala and Yaoundé cities. In fact, urban insecurity is becoming a serious concern of developing countries cities mainly in Cameroonian cities where the rise of criminality and violence have generated popular and state initiatives of security. Regarding theory, several approaches have been employed in order to display the security environment of the concerned cities. We consider Douala and Yaoundé cities as cultural production places where many forms of hybrid identities and diverse urban territories are constructed through migrations, different cultures and behaviors coming from home villages. Then, one should think about the modes of local governance, in order to understand the framing conditions of this urban cultural dynamics. In the same vein, local governance involves actor roles and logics. Those logics can be observed by considering their cognitive dimension and relation to space. Cognitive dimensions are related to perception, experience and subjective representation associated with insecurity. Thus, insecurity feeling, fear, marginalization, violence and criminalization are phenomena involving disadvantage people, who are victims of insecurity. This context is propitious to the unfolding of actor logics, informality, and segregation not only as tools controlling urban spaces but also as an environment of secure spaces production. Informality and segregation are also favorable for the development of identities, for the construction of utopias, these ameliorative visions that motivate and transform actors. Actor logics justify security initiatives. Finally, actors go through out a subjectivation process to be transformed and to perform as subjects. Methodologically, this thesis is based on a critical and comparative ethnography of security and also on the social action approach, which consider social interactions to explain security rationality. By studying security, we suppose look at neighborhood level, which is the main purpose of securing and expression domain of informality. The neighborhoods are surrounded by urban chiefdoms whose management systems has been identified by the expression of local governance. Faced with the security issue that governance acts with its identity, its culture and its representations. It rubs with the state, whose logics, technical and organizational strategies materialize security policies. Douala and Yaoundé cities have popular security approaches that differ each other in terms of their local organization of neighborhoods and their popular temperament. Those cities are close by their actor logics and motivations used to perform as subjects. This research has found that there is a form of rationality which governs the production of all the dynamics and security strategies that prevail in Douala and Yaoundé. This rationality get through a plurality of security logics related either to security or insecurity. Definitely, migration from the countryside to the city, informality, segregation and the presence of local gangs are urban realities that give a particular form to insecurity, but also invite to a rehabilitation of techniques and actor groups involved in the security production. It appears that the security rationality, this intelligence of government, observed in the public security devices, also creates in the popular actor processes, identification techniques to law enforcement. In its process, this rationality leads to the production of secure and security subjects. By entering human productions as innovative activities, we understand that security proceeds by rapprochement between the police and the people, for the implementation of mechanisms to respond to the threat and also the «confiscation of security» for an elite purposes. Then it represents an instance of subjectivity where innovation is materialized and where the actors perform, create security and recreate the city. Finally, this thesis reveals a plurality of security logics constructed around the same security rationality.
Hounmenou, G. Bernard. "Décentralisation, gouvernance participative et dynamiques locales de développement : étude de cas en milieu rural au Bénin." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS007S.
Full textEconomics considers decentralization as a tool towards the adjustment of supply to collective goods demand. In public policies, its implementation is often justified by goals such as local preference revelation, governance promotion, or the proximity of the actors that contribute to the production of the collective goods. In this dissertation, the efficiency of decentralization is analyzed with respect to these various objectives. Theoretically, it relies on public and institutional economics studies, completed by other studies in the fields of governance theory and proximity economics. Empirically, the analyses of the dissertation rely on the dynamics of collective goods production in rural areas of Benin. Those analyses show that decentralization constitutes both a factor of proximity creation and of revelation of the local actors’ preference, in the production of collective goods. In a context of low rural mobility, proximity enables the actors to cooperate and reveal their preference in the context of this production. Through the participation of the actors to collective production, decentralization triggers the progressive emergence of local governance
Belebenie, Pierre. "Les transformations de la fiscalité locale au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010308.
Full textNo english summary available
Gandin, Jérôme. "Vers une gouvernance environnementale locale et participative : le cas des communautés du bassin versant transfrontalier de l'Usumacinta." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29681/29681.pdf.
Full textContemporary societies face major and complex issues, such as the growing social and economic inequalities and the higher pressure on ecosystems around the world. To resolve these issues, or at least mitigate the effects, current thinking and decision making must be taken to a deeper level . In this perspective, this research aims at providing a theoretical, practical and methodological framework, which may ensure a local development combining environmental sustainability, economic viability and social equity. The research focuses on the case study of the alianza comunitaria para el desarrollo sostenible de la cuenca del rio Usumacinta (ACOCUMRU). It critically seeks to demonstrate that this community-based initiative in environmental protection and socioeconomic development at the scale of the Usumacinta river basin appears as an innovative strategy to ensure sustainability of the livelihoods. The research is based on the following question: "To what extent a community-based initiative can implement efficient livelihood strategies, while national governments are failing in this field since the last decades?" To answer this question, the research is grounded in a multidisciplinary research in the theoretical field of Political Ecology and follows the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA). The perceptions of environmental changes and the expectations of local populations in terms of local development are analyzed through a set of mixed methods, which consist in a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, field observation and document review. The results show that this community-based initiative successfully gathered local populations around a common purpose and implemented benefit-shared projects, in spite of their cultural, social and economic differences as well as limited financial resources. As such, the ACOCUMRU enables local populations to move a step forward in the environmental protection and manage concrete and fruitful activities based on consensus and their own needs and expectations As a matter of fact, the ACOCUMRU triggers a social, economic and political dynamism, which defines the shape of a local environmental governance.
Las sociedades contemporáneas se enfrentan en las últimas décadas con grandes y complejos retos, como el aumento de las desigualdades sociales y económicas y el incremento de la presión sobre los ecosistemas a través del mundo. En este sentido, la solución, o por lo menos la mitigación de sus efectos, necesita un análisis profundo de los acercamientos que permiten la comprensión de estos retos y de las decisiones que los actores pueden tomar acerca de ellos. En esta perspectiva, esta tesis tiene como principal objetivo de proporcionar un marco, tanto teórico, práctico y metodológico, que pueda contribuir a la reflexión sobre el desarrollo local, en relación con la sostenibilidad ambiental, la viabilidad económica y la equidad social. Tomando la alianza comunitaria para el desarrollo sostenible de la cuenca del rio Usumacinta (ACOCUMRU) como caso de estudio, esta tesis pretende demostrar que la movilización de la población local de cara a la protección del medio ambiente y al desarrollo socioeconómico a través de la cuenca del Usumacinta constituye una estrategia innovadora que garantiza la sostenibilidad de sus medios de subsistencia. Así pues, la tesis responde a la siguiente pregunta: ¿hasta qué punto una iniciativa comunitaria a nivel de una cuenca internacional puede implementar estrategias eficaces de medios de vida sostenibles, dado que los gobiernos nacionales han fracasado en esta área en las últimas décadas? Para responder a esta interrogación, esta tesis se basa en una investigación multidisciplinaria en la línea del enfoque de los medios de vida sostenibles y se inscribe en el campo teórico de la ecología política. Las percepciones locales de los cambios ambientales y las expectativas de las comunidades en cuanto al desarrollo local han sido recolectadas por medio de una metodología que combina diversas técnicas: el cuestionario, la entrevista semi-estructurada, el grupo de discusión, la observación directa y la lectura de documentos. Los resultados muestran que esta iniciativa comunitaria ha sido un éxito. Por una parte, ha logrado reunir a la población local en torno a un objetivo común. En segundo lugar, ha permitido la elaboración de proyectos para el beneficio de la colectividad. A pesar de sus diferencias históricas, culturales, sociales y económicas, así como los recursos financieros limitados, los componentes de la población local han sido capaces de lograr consensos y de obtener medios para actuar a partir de sus propias necesidades y aspiraciones. Por último, su movilización en la ACOCUMRU ha promovido una dinámica económica, social y política, que muestra las posibilidades que presenta la gobernanza medioambiental local.
Parage, Jane. "Gouvernance locale de l'eau et information géographique : étude du SAGE du bassin versant de la Mayenne - France." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA3004_1.pdf.
Full textThe integrated watershed management is spreading like an alternative to the sectorial and centralizing policies. This new model of management belongs to the international organization which recommend a local governance, where the power is given to the local stakeholders who define compromises collectively and implement actions. France was one of the first countries to make water governance with the Water Management Plans (SAGE) introduced by the water act of 1992. These procedures have ambition a watershed management, on a hydrographic unit scale, by going into partnership the actors. These actors have a different culture and practice of water and space. Thereby, these procedures beg the question of their applicability. The Water Management Plans use Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Their practice are variable as to the knowledge, the division and the exchange of information and the negotiation and the decision aid. Thereby, the question of the use of the geographic information to accompany arises the process of a local governance. This thesis consist in understanding the dynamic process of a local governance of Water Management Plans and in analyzing the role of the geographic information. The approach rests on study and explorative case studies, which reveal the principal obstacle and overhang at the participation, the dialogue and decision over the Water Management Plans and proposes a exploitation method geographic information, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), over Water Management Plan of the Mayenne. The principal results reveal that several variables are likely to influence the process of governance during the the Water Management Plans : the territory, the sociocultural and political context and the nature and intensity of the water problems as the political, technical and financier management. Also, they emphasize the quality and the intelligibility of geographic information to interpret the complexity of the hydrosystème, to make emerge a global view of the problems, to describe the management objectives, to support the implication of the local actors and to dynamize the debates in the development of the compromises
Meynet, Cécilia. "Quelle gouvernance urbaine locale au Mali ? : Territoires et dynamiques sociales à partir de l'assainissement à Mopti, Ségou, Kayes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10114.
Full textBizier, Christian. "Le projet pilote de réfection de la rue Anna à Québec : les leçons d'une expérimentation locale de gouvernance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28191.
Full textThis master’s thesis in territory planning and regional development is founded on a case study in Quebec city in order to analyse the transformations of public action governance with the concept of local experimentation. The project of renovation for Anna street, realized from 2014 to 2016 in the Sauveur neighborhood, provided the opportunity for citizens and local actors to express themselves about how they wanted the street to be built again. At the same time, the municipal services involved experimented new ways to collaborate, in a context of general reflexion about improving the urban environment and act on certain impacts of climate change. This case study stands out because it seems to answer, at least partially, citizen claims expressed before in the borough of La-Cité-Limoilou. A certain number of questions are consequently raised. How citizen claims in favor of integrated street renovations have been received and treated by the municipal administration ? Have they exerted influence on conventional practises of territory planning in Quebec City ? Faced with the opportunity to intervene directly in their urban environment, have the citizens supported spontaneously different options than what is usually realised ? The pilot project for the renovation of Anna street is explicitly considered from the experimental angle by Quebec City officials : it is intended to assess the relevance of a participative and integrated approach, i.e. intersectorial in the municipal administration, to help tackle the urban heat island phenomenon. We consider particularly how the technical language of some citizens made an impression and successfully percolated through local institutions. In this regard, marginal citizen mobilisation is a central element of our theoretical framework. These two perspectives, from the municipal institution on and from the citizens, are studied here in regards to the concept of local experimentation in the sphere of climate change adaptation interventions. While observig how these initiatives articulate themselves, we try to understand their effect on public decision-making in urban planning. Up to what extent is there a link between citizen mobilizations and the apparent will of Quebec City’s officials to shift towards a more integrated and participative way of making streets different ? Keywords : experimentation, governance, streets, revitalization, citizens, professionals, city officials, greening, urban heat islands, climate change.
Lagrange, Véronique. "Welfare local et gouvernance communale : le cas du saturnisme infantile." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010061.
Full textBa, Samba Aly. "Processus de décentralisation au Mali et les effets sociopolitiques de la gouvernance locale sur les usages : Conflits de leadership et jeux de coopération des acteurs locaux dans le cercles de Diéma et de Nioro du Sahel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0043.
Full textFrom the 90’s, Mali got into a real decentralization process. But most of the decentralized territorial entities face the challenges of local governance. The community-based management that this new situation implies leads to open frameworks for consultations and decision-making for a large number of citizens. This is not without creating conflicts of competence between the ministerial administrative supervisor, the decentralized services of the state, the local collectivities, and the actors of the decentralized cooperation, the civil society, the traditional chieftaincies and the communities of villages. Indeed, the studies on local governance and decentralization policies have become a canonical object in political science. But it still remains current news. In political science, “local governance” stems generally from “political governance”. It refers to the forms of coordination, which include a plurality of actors. In that sense, the local public action is not the only fact of elected authorities who are obliged to involve the plurality of actors in the decisional process. Local governance creates situations of a combination of actors who belong to different socio-political and professional areas. It implies “power sharing” in the decision-making process and the recognition of a multiplicity of stakeholders in the management of the community affairs. The objective of this socio-political reflection, from the experience of Mali, especially in the circles of Diema and Nioro du Sahel, is to study the local socio-political landscape from the local governance conflicts due to the management of the community development equipment, the decentralized cooperation and local development programs. It is also about how to find in the African past of fertilizing elements that promote relevant decentralization process adapted to our progress and rview holders
Charif, M'hamed. "Gouvernance et évaluation des finances locales au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D074.
Full textCurrently, the experts, the researchers and the decision makers stress out the importance of the local level, which became the privileged framework of the new development strategies. It even constitutes the relevant level where the questions of development and employment really arise. It is observed today that the main sources of financing of the local government agencies in Morocco are made up by the product of the taxation, the transfer by the State and certain resources by the means of the Funds of Communal Equipment (FEC). It is also observed that the local budgets remain insufficient when considering the enormous needs to satisfy and that the budget revenue covered by the Central state is burdened by the operating costs which prevent any effort of investment.Based on this general framework, the problem of this research revolves around questions of administration, evaluation and management of local finances and their impact on local government and on local public policies in Morocco. Also, it proves to be necessary to challenge the nature of the financial system of the Moroccan local government agencies through the major question of the mechanisms of evaluation of local finances that can be considered fora local governance in Morocco.The major questions which arise thus relate to various measurements and actions taken to evaluate the management of local finances in Morocco and the place of the evaluation of local finances in the practices of the governance.The thesis is structured in two parts :-The first part, entitled “Diagnosis of local finance: state of play”, was devoted to the local financial organizationof Morocco. This part made it possible to draw up the inventory of fixtures of local finances in Morocco, their genesis, their evolution, the main sources of financing and their limits. This part also enabled us to tackle the question of the autonomy of management of local finances, by locating it within the framework of the process of decentralisation and territorialisation of the sectoral reforms.- The second part, entitled “the reforms of local finances and their evaluation for the good governance” was devoted to the question of the requirements of a true modernization of the local financial administration. A private interest was granted at the same time to the reform of the funding sources of the territorial collectivities, the reform of financial management and the modes of management of local finances to lead to a model of management which is likely to improve the local governance in our country
Bonnet, Beaugrand Florence. "La gouvernance locale face à l'incomplétude des contrats de délégation des services publics : l'exemple de l'eau et de l'assainissement." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00693303.
Full textNiang, Demba. "Gouvernance locale, maîtrise d'ouvrage communale et stratégies de développement local au Sénégal : l'expérience de la ville de Saint-Louis." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134553.
Full textquestions. Un fort sentiment se dégage, selon lequel, une fois le quitus politique acquis, les élus
semblent se contenter de la démocratie de représentation qui les a portés au pouvoir local. Ces
questions prennent, notamment, la forme d'une défiance des populations vis-à-vis de l'action publique
locale et d'une fracture sociale dans laquelle continue à s'exprimer le sous-développement.
Plusieurs réformes ont été conduites depuis 1966 et se sont poursuivies jusqu'en 1996 avec les lois sur
la régionalisation. Des collectivités locales ont tenté des expériences avec, souvent, une impulsion venue
du dehors du fait notamment de la coopération décentralisée. Même s'il apparaît qu'une bonne part de
l'impulsion vient de l'extérieur, l'expérience menée à Saint-Louis, avec la coopération décentralisée à
travers le Partenariat Lille/Saint-Louis a prouvé que le développement local peut se réaliser. Malgré les
contraintes auxquelles la ville et son Institution sont confrontées, une volonté politique locale s'est
exprimée pour relayer les impulsions extérieures.
Quels enseignements peut-on tirer de la mise en oeuvre de cette démarche ?
Dans quelle mesure le financement et la réalisation d'infrastructures, principalement financées par
l'extérieur, contribuent-ils à renforcer la vision et les capacités des élus à conduire les politiques de
développement prenant en compte le point de vue et les attentes des différents groupes sociaux ? Plus
généralement, en quoi les dispositifs mis en place à Saint-Louis (l'Agence de Développement Communal
et les Conseils de Quartier) favorisent-ils une gestion démocratique, efficace et transparente de la
Collectivité locale ?
En posant ces questions dans le cadre d'une thèse, l'objectif était, d'une part, de capitaliser, dans un
cadre académique, une expérience de terrain conduite pendant une décennie et, d'autre part, de prendre
le recul nécessaire pour problématiser les pratiques de développement induites par cette expérience
dans un contexte marqué par un jeu et un système d'acteurs d'une rare complexité. Cette capitalisation et
ce recul observé, aux fins d'une problématisation ont conduit à un questionnement sur les
transformations qu'a connues Saint-Louis et leur l'impact sur les capacités de la maîtrise d'ouvrage
communale qui, avec le renforcement de la démocratie locale, paraissent être des fondements
indispensables à une municipalisation digne de ce nom.
Badri, Lhassan. "La décentralisation au Maroc : quelles perspectives pour la gouvernance locale et le développement territorial ? : (Cas de la régionalisation avancée)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH018.
Full textSince independence, Morocco has initiated decentralisation policies. However, those reforms have not been successful in terms of economic and social development nor as concerns the fight against regional disparities. In this context, the Kingdom has announced a new reform in decentralisation through the launch of the 'advanced regionalization' project.This is a high-potential project for the establishment of a good local governance, the strenghtening of local policy and the achievement of the socio-economic and cultural development at the regional level.This thesis seeks to highlight this ambitious reform. In the first part, in the light of the work of the new geographical economy, we focus on the phenomenon of territorial inequalities as the purpose of the reform (Chapter I). This thesis also highlights the content of this reform, which is designed to renew the process of decentralisation and strengthen local autonomy both institutionally and functionally (Chapter II). The second part emphasizes on the efficiency of public action which, beyond the introduction of the regional level, calls for put the territory in the centre of development policies (Chapter III). Moreover, the implementation of regionalization is the major issue in the Kingdom (Chapter IV)
Andrieu, Marjorie. "La valorisation des ressources immatérielles territoriales : une voie émergente pour l’action locale." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1010.
Full textWhat can the local societies do to adapt themselves in a competitive and unsettled environment, mainly marked by the globalization and the strong development of the information and communication technologies ? How should they act and react to the contemporary changes ? We chose to use the local development to study these questions. Our approach based on the concept of immaterial resources allow us to work with the social interactions at a local level. The study has been carried out in two phases. First the observation of four development projects proved the interest of the immaterial resources. Then an experimentation-based research helped getting a better understanding of the processes at work during the action. The results obtained constitute the basis of the territorial intelligence and propose a new conception of the local action frameworks. In the end this research makes a few suggestions to improve the local development methodology. From a methodological point of view, the work done shows the interest of the experimentation to improve the tools and methods of the researcher
Kouna, Eloundou Charlotte Gisèle. "Décentralisation forestière et gouvernance locale des forêts au Cameroun : le cas des forêts communales et communautaires dans la région Est." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795695.
Full textTerrisse, Marc. "Les transformations des équipements culturels en milieu urbain: inscription dans un projet de développement territorial, approche pluridisciplinaire et gouvernance locale." Centre for Local Government, 2008. http://clg-cgl.politics-and-society.ca/.
Full textMossi, Maïga Illiassou. "Gestion collective des aménagements hydro-agricoles au Niger : gouvernance locale et mobilisation des ressources pour une mise en valeur viable." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20012.
Full textIrrigation represents a major issue for Niger, a country which is frequently food non sufficient due to rainfall deficits. Since the 1960s, the focus has been put on the realization of large irrigation networks, essentially in the valley of the Niger river. From the beginning until the 1980s, governmental agencies have played an important role in the management of the irrigation systems. During the ten following years, the management responsibility was progressively transferred to agricultural cooperatives. This period reflects the transition from a hierarchical State governance to a local governance. Since, peasant organizations have been elaborating practical rules, often distinct from the prescribed rules, in order to alleviate financial, technical and organizational constraints. Observations show that these local arrangements were designed following a short term logic to solve concrete and local problems encountered by members of the irrigation networks. Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of governance, this thesis analyzes the emergence and the evolution of the rules, and confronts the prescribed rules to those effectively applied. It shows that practical rules tend to underscore social viability rather than economic and technical efficiency criteria. However, peasant organizations have difficulties to ensure the sustainable working of the irrigated systems, especially because they do not take into account the problem of the equipment replacement
Bouzoubaa, Lamiaâ. "Gouvernance et stratégie territoriale : le rôle des acteurs dans la gestion de leur territoire." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ004D/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study the involvement of stakeholders in the process of territorial governance. It uses an empirical research which, through the process of triangulation, to explore the role of stakeholders in the management of their territory.A theoretical analysis of main concepts related to the territorial governance will highlight a conceptual framework adapted to the study of tools available to actors to promote a territorial governance. Indeed, this study suggests an approach that integrates the various theories to determine all the factors that allow players to register in a context of territorial governance. The thesis introduced the project in terms of issues and methodology, through a survey of the 20 municipalities of the Meurthe and Moselle and a content analysis of various reports and internal memoranda relating to a company located in a department of the North eastern France. Research suggests that the territorial model of territorial governance can not be considered as universal. However, it can be invested through certain characteristics related to rationality, cooperation and decision-making process
De, Sousa Moreira Ivaldo. "Gouvernance territoriale du développement rural au Brésil : le cas d'un front pionnier "Portal da Amazônia"." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20008/document.
Full textThe thesis fits into a general analysis of the dynamics of public territorial action of rural development in an area of Amazonian pioneer front: the territory "Portal da Amazônia", North of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The comparative study involves two ongoing experiences: the initiative of the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA) through the National Program for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories and the Inter-municipal Consortium of Economic and Socio-Environmental Development implemented by the State of Mato Grosso’s government (MT Regional Programme). How these two territorial public action mechanisms contribute to build a dynamic sustainable rural development for agriculture in this area? In particular, we will see how new forms of local governance are carried out in the context of territorial public policies for rural development. Through an approach that combines the contributions of social geography and sociology of development, we focus particularly on the local governance procedures and the territorialisation processes performed by these two mechanisms. To achieve our goal, we observed during the fieldwork the areas of consultation and negotiation where the projects for each one of these programs are conceived
Manifet, Christelle. "Gouverner par l'action : le cas des politiques universitaires de La Rochelle, Albi et Rodez." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20091.
Full textAt the end of the eighties, elected officials of the french average cities invest their institution in university public policies. In France, this strange marriage between middle size towns and University is revealing a process of vulgarization of local governance process (Govern by action). Three grounds were selected: La Rochelle in the west, Albi and Rodez in south-west. The first part reconstitutes the history of university local policies. The second part proposes a comparative analysis. The local public actors are three times put to the test: from the point of view of their territorial legitimacy, in their capacity to build varied alliances and "territorialize" their policy. A pragmatic model of territorialized governance is finally established. It supposes to consider that to govern a city the local governance imply an organisational capacity (governance, urban regimes) and an adaptative capacity with territorialized public problems
Brard, Alexandre. "La coproduction de l'action locale : cas de la micro-région Côte-sous-le-vent en Guadeloupe." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131007.
Full textThis research deals with the analysis of the dynamics of territorial recomposition, which helps to define local public action in its contents, objectives and the choice of its institutions. It contributes sociologically and politically to public intervention concerning the sociological triptych of an action which is collective, public and organised. This research has been guided by two hypotheses. The first sustains the idea that the coproduction of local action is the result of the mobilisation of committed participants. The second sees this socially organised unit as being a factor of political legitimacy. Apart from the potential of Côte-sous-le-vent (in Guadeloupe), in terms of biodiversity, patrimony and know-how, this study pays special attention to the functioning of a heterogenous partnership which aims to take charge of a territorial project. The thesis is made up of two parts, one dealing with the application of territorial policies implemented in France on the topic of creolisation, and the other analysing the factors of resistance to the territorialisation process and the creation of instruments of government of new scenes of public action. The diverse configurations of the "real country» are based on notions of identity, colonial habitation, and runaway slaves. This brings us to the following conclusion: the coproduction of local action is the result of an individual and collective reappropriation of the past, which vigourously participates in determining the adjustments needed for its conception
Boschet, Christophe. "La dimension politique de la coordination environnementale à l'échelle locale : une analyse économique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT4014/document.
Full textThis thesis adopts a political economy perspective to address the institutional and political constraints influencing the implementation of environmental policies at a local level. A central focus of the analysis is on assessing the continued relevance of Environmental Institutional Devices (EIDs) as solutions for addressing French political and administrative fragmentation. The thesis pursues two core lines of inquiry. First, proposals developed within an environmental federalism tradition, which state that centralization of power is preferable in cases when environmental problems generate spillover, are evaluated against the realities of local community interests. Through carrying out an econometric test based on local elected representatives' votes, the thesis compares the contents of a watershed policy project in Gironde estuary with the types of issues representatives face on a daily basis, in particular from economic interest groups. Second, the thesis analyses incentives contained in EIDs. Transaction costs theory provides the tools for interpreting EIDs as relational contracts based on an actor's specificity and his/her respective positioning vis-à-vis others. Through this reconstruction of an environmental governance network on the Gironde estuary, I reveal the prevalence of public actors. A statistical analysis of network formation integrates this feature by focusing on the politician-bureaucrat relationship. The results show how political, administrative and economic dimensions of environmental coordination mitigate against the usefulness and the incentive-compatibility of EIDs as tools for environmental policy implementation at local level
Toure, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale: les effets sociopolitiques de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26728/26728.pdf.
Full textBouquet, Laurent. "« La collectivité locale, sujet de droit international et européen ? » : étude sur l’évolution statutaire des entités infra-étatiques dans le cadre d'une nouvelle gouvernance." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMD010.
Full textThis research is part of a broad process of questioning the pre-eminence of "stato-centered" logic. The local level informs us about this upheaval, in particular with regard to the actions it carries out outside the state figure, and the lessons to be drawn from it. The present study is therefore seen as an invitation to overcome many ambivalences towards "territorial power". In particular, this theoretical consideration that sub-state communities are merely organic extensions of states, when they are apprehended outside the national normative framework to carry out the analysis. The practice observed in many parts of the world is gradually turning into a different conclusion. From a functional point of view, sub-state entities appear more like subjects of law - which they already constitute fully within their internal legal order - rather than the objects of law
Touré, El Hadj. "Décentralisation et gouvernance locale : les effets sociopolitique de la gestion foncière décentralisée dans la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio (Delta du fleuve Sénégal)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21256.
Full textGil, Garcia Carlos. "Gouvernement et gouvernance urbaine, une approche comparative de la politique locale de l'environnement : la ville d'Aguascalientes, Mexique et de l'agglomération urbaine de Lyon, France." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030142.
Full textThe main purpose of this work is to examine the process of the development of urban environmental public action in the city of Aguascalientes in Mexico and the urban agglomeration of Lyon in France during a twelve-year period (1990-2003). We explain the public policy analysis and the main characteristics in the development of urban environmental public policy in both cities. We also emphasize discussions of the different perspectives of the urban context, for example the urban governance approach and the urban regime approach. We explain how this concept helps us to understand new trends in public policy analysis. Using the case study method, we conduct an evaluation of these cities' urban environment public policy. We “reconstruct” this policy by tracking different sources of information and replicating the public policy process under different dynamics. We focus on the different trends in which actors and organisations implement urban environment policies. Most evidence shows that both governments have refocused their policies by adopting supranational methods of policy process or by repositioning environmental issues as the main focus in the management of the cities through the use of urban planning approaches. We also observed that in both cities there are many coincidences in the outcomes of the policies, particularly in the quest to become global cities by introducing innovations in the treatment of the urban environment. Our main conclusions are based on the new trends in the construction of urban policies in both cities as evident in the adoption of a global vision that can be detected in the policy design. An additional conclusion addresses the advanced processes by which problem resolution and advocacy coalitions are developed in these cities
Quentin, Aurélie. "Politiques de l'habitat, gouvernance urbaine et justice sociale : le cas de l'Équateur." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0108.
Full textThe objective of the dissertation is to analyze the enforcement of the doctrine of "urban governance" in Ecuador through the study of state interventions on urban housing on both national and municipal levels since the mid 1990s. In the field of urban planning, "urban governance" implies the reinforcement of «facilitator » state policies, such as have been supported by international institutions since the 1990s. The programs developed within this context are articulated around three main themes: privatization, participation, and decentralization. How did Ecuador apply the rues of international organizations in its public institutions and how did they trickle down to measures on the field? Through an outline both chronological and geographical, and the study of various housing programs, we shall try to answer whether international neoliberal programs can judiciously and firmly answer specific Issues of local housing and urban development
Sabri, Hind. "La gouvernance locale de l'eau d'irrigation : entre logiques et stratégies des acteurs et enjeux des interventions étatiques dans la vallée d'Amizmiz (Haut Atlas occidental, Maroc)." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2003.
Full textThe transition through the political apprehension of water and its levels of adaptability to the local scale in the Mediterranean local level is still ineluctable in order to conceive the evolution of social management styles of irrigation water in the valley of Amizmiz (High Atlas of Morocco). Concerning the evolution of water policies, Morocco has always followed a French juridical model rooted to its hydraulic political history. In the development processes, the technical and adjusted water politics have always disadvantaged the highlands and advantaged the flatlands while considering water as a non-exhaustible resource. Nonetheless, the failure of these purely interventionist policies, that will be revealed later on, encouraged administrative services to think about new modalities that interlock directly in the processes of local water governance. On the other hand, these public strategies have relatively ignored the complexity of social and ecological environments that had previously been appropriated and managed by local actors.The recent public speech oriented to rapid integrated management of water resources cannot be, in this case, considered as an innovation after old irrigation traditions that registered the real modalities of balanced management of ecological and social environments. Through anthropological study on water governance, we can identify the continuities and changes made in the public and local ways of management of irrigation water. Now, the issue of local governance of water is part of a dynamic and flexible social management unlike another state management based on technical, economic and legal rationality
Otiso, Wycliffe. "La loi, l'Etat, la société et la police locale au Kenya : étude de cas dans le comté de Kisii." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2022/document.
Full textThe thesis entails the study of the changing nature of local forms of governance in Kisii County situated in south-western Kenya. The study entails situating the histories of local policing groups operating in Kisii County between 1990-2016, focusing on the nature, modes of operation and interaction with legal and political processes. It examines actors at the societal level, their everyday activities and their relationship with the state in seeking to explain local policing (community policing and vigilante) trajectories as influenced by legal and non-legal dynamics. It examines the place of law in determining the nature of non-state enforcement of law and order and the extent to which it has played a role in reforming policing practices from vigilantism to community policing in Kisii County. It also examines social and political factors, how they affect policing practices and outcomes with an objective of advancing alternatives for better representations of the function of law and for purposes of improving governance. These factors are contextualized within the broad changes in the macro governance structure catalyzed by constitutional reforms. The study undertakes such examination through the use of qualitative methods of inquiry primarily the use of interviews and also review of relevant primary and secondary sources including books, scholarly journals, legislation and law reports. The study reveals that generally there are gains on wider participation and inclusivity in local governance mechanisms compared to pre-existing policing strategies as practiced by police and vigilante which had minimal community involvement. The increased instrumentalization of law by the state has made little contribution to the gains associated with the development of nuanced forms of community policing. Rather the changes in policing are attributable to dynamic everyday uses of law and societal action by community members in joint local governance mechanisms hence increasing the potential for better state-society relations. The study concludes that notwithstanding a number of changes towards non-violent crime fighting, the transition has not been seamless as gains on state-society relations and improved societal adherence to law are compromised by episodes of use of force, asymmetries in the co-operation between the local government administration and the community, inadequate support for community policing and existing cultural constructs on governance. (gouvernance, local policing group, vigilante, community policing, Kissi Kenya)
Maargab, Rafik. "Revendications citoyennes et réalité de la gouvernance urbaine locale : les acteurs associatifs locaux à l'épreuve du projet de requalification urbaine de la rue de la République à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1078.
Full textThis research deals with the subject of local urban governance beyond its conceptual or analytical aspect. It is question to understanding the local urban governance through: the urban project, the means and mechanisms for the management of the public affairs as well as techniques and practices of public and all stakeholders, including local civil society actors. Based on the example of urban regeneration project in the street of the République in Marseille, the study also showed the ability and the contribution of neighbourhood associations in the interests of citizens and promotion of local participatory democracy. Furthermore, the research addresses the question of the impact of mutations scocio-economic due to the crossing of public policy and the intervention of economic actors on the micro-local space, namely the street, and on the urban citizens. It's the whole interest of this research to show the impact of economic and political logics on the urban project and to show the place of citizens and civil society actors in decision making
Maisetti, Nicolas. "Marseille en Méditerranée : récit politique territorial et sociologie de l'action publique locale internationale." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010278.
Full textDuchère, Yves. "Métropolisation, gouvernance de l’environnement et enjeux de pouvoir : le cas de trois clusters de villages de métier de Ha Noi et Bac Ninh (Vietnam)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080034.
Full textThe Red River delta is a highly populated and vulnerable area with craft villages organized in clusters since the 11th century, because of the under employment related to the rice-growing activity in monsoon zones. Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, is located at the delta’s apex.After the USSR collapsed and following the decline of cooperatives and the economic reforms in the late 80’s (Đổi mới), it has been observed, in craft villages, a resurgence of craft activities, getting more and more modern and industrialized. This rising rural industry generated negative externalities, threatening public health and environment at the same time. From the 2000’s on, the Red River delta region turned into a metropolization process. The promoted city model ignored the existing settlements and imposed on Ha noi’s surrounding areas. Land competition and real estate pressure resulting from this metropolization project worsened the existing environmental issues in these craft villages that kept on urbanizing in situ.At the same time as this economical and urban transition, Vietnam was still governed by a Leninist system, with a statehood superstructure organized from top to bottom, whereas the speed of economic development seemed in need of a more flexible system.Through the observation of local conflicts related to environmental governance, this research aims at proving that environmental degradation fluctuates in its mechanisms, stakes, configurations and stakeholders’ representations, in accordance with the type of metropolis suburbs concerned
Pascal, Benjamin. "DE LA « TERRE DES ANCÊTRES » AUX TERRITOIRES DES VIVANTS : Les enjeux locaux de la gouvernance sur le littoral sud-ouest de Madagascar." Phd thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0009.
Full textFollowing in-depth rethinking of the renewable resources management, local governance is now the subject of growing interest among the administration and scientific communities. Our study tackles this wide issue, in particular by using empirical data collected on the southwestern Malagasy coast. Detached from the prescriptive aspects (through the notion of “good governance”), we see that this concept covers a particularly interesting analytical dimension. This involves considering the dynamic processes of elaboration and interaction that are established between several types of actors and institutions involved in the management and use of the same space. In view of the complexity of these processes, I will then explore the links between local governance and territoriality of the actors. Locally, the effects of the exogenous interventions are then analysed from the angle of territorial dynamics
Varimelo, Arquimedes João F. "La décentralisation en Angola et au Mozambique : Du discours à la consécration juridique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0915/document.
Full textAfter adopting political centralization as a form of political and administrativeorganization, Angola and Mozambique made up on decentralization reforms as a largeprocess of administrative reform.This choice for decentralization reforms would be warranted, according to theprevailing discourse, mainly by political actors, by its capacity to address certainpolitical, social, economic and administrative problems that can be found in these twocountries.However, the synchronism between this discourse and the legal consecration ofdecentralization in these countries remains far from being a reality.Thus, this study analyzes the legal consecration of decentralization, taking into accountthe discourse of decentralization prevailing in both countries
Bozzo, Thomas. "Le leadership territorial, de l'ancrage singulier aux canevas institutionnels : les trajectoires de gouvernance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1100.
Full textThis research proposes to separate the concept of leadership from its ideological roots, and to try to redefine the development and abstraction of a substantive theory of the so-called territorial leadership. Following a three-step approach, this work aims firstly to deconstruct the orthodox leadership literature with a critical analysis of the latter, then to observe the legitimacy of the territory as an area of study suited for this purpose. Secondly, it asks reflexively, the emergence of truth in scientific discourse as archetypal parallel to the phenomenon of territorial leadership. Finally, as a result, it redefines the means necessary for the study and understanding of leadership: by the proposed adaptation of a classical glaserian's grounded theory, with an intentionally exclusive collection of open data from debate's verbatim about major regional projects. This leads to the development of a territorial leadership's substantive theory. The latter is then proposed as a foundered fragment of a leadership's redefinition. Through this approach, this work aims to minimize various biases identified in the critical analysis of literature and particularly attached to the study of leadership: reflexivity, performativity and circularity of research. Meanwhile, this work aims to guide managers and practitioners to new modes of analysis and diagnosis, potentially opened up by this leadership's approach. Finally, this work suggests as discussion and conclusion, the prospects envisaged by the separation of leadership from its traditional epistemological anchors
Nicaise, Guillaume. "L'Afrique des Grands Lacs (Rwanda, Burundi) à l'heure des réformes de bonne gouvernance : ethnographie comparative d'un "travelling model”." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH052/document.
Full textBy analyzing the appropriation process of good governance norms (civil participation, transparency, accountability and the fight against corruption) by civil servants in Rwanda and Burundi, this thesis try to assess the real impact of development policies, within the governance framework. The research emphasizes the influence of bilateral and multilateral donors on state formal structure, but without modifying underlying power relationships, within the state structure. At the contrary, the research shows that a lack of consideration for informal power relations and actors’ cognitive perception during technology transfer may reinforce pre-existing power relationships, as well as the misappropriation and the instrumentalization of the transferred technology
Ngoumou, Mbarga Hubert. "L'action collective locale et la gestion des forêts communautaires : cas des communautés rurales de Djoum au Sud Cameroun." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30012/document.
Full textThe research focuses on local collective action and management of community forests in southern Cameroon, at Djoum. It analyzes the government’s approach for granting and community management of forest resources, in order to empower and empowering village communities in the management of economic production activities to reduce poverty, improve living conditions and ensure local development. The objective is to realize the capacity of community forests to provide economic benefits to meet this challenge. It is also to account for village territories, seen as the reference scale for the governance of community forests and the influence of the spatial identity on community organization of this management. The implementation methodology is multidisciplinary. The results of our study show several structural weaknesses. First, it appears that the studied community forests are spaces specialized in several areas, each corresponding to particular uses. This perspective excludes timber exploitation on the entire surface of forest area. Yet all Community forests are divided into five-year sectors, themselves divided into annual surfaces of timber exploitation. Then, these forests have been heavily disturbed in the past, an indicator that should send these more to conservation than the exploitation. But this is not the case, all communities or almost, having opted for their exploitation. Similarly, the volumes of wood exploited in these forests are very low, which clearly demonstrates that the possibilities that ascribed to them in the management simple plan are false. In terms of socio-economic achievements and jobs created, the balance sheet is very far from begotten hopes. The few jobs created are temporary, precarious and unqualified. Moreover, the exploitation of timber has generated so far here, neither infrastructure nor collective socio-economic achievement, since ex post generated incomes remain far below ex-ante financial forecast of timber exploitation. Finally, these forests are sitting on appropriate spaces. This raises ambiguities about their supposed status of common goods and raises the question of sharing of their benefits. Others cyclical said weaknesses exist and explain the lethargy into which sinks community organization of forest management. Our results showed the failure of community actors to position themselves in relation to their objective. Their capacities to take a project and to implement a genuine strategy of collective mobilization are also failing. The lack of Community solidarity and the not valorization of local knowledge make vulnerable communities in the partnerships they formed and strengthen the weight and influence of external actors. On village territories as reference scale for the governance of community forests, the study showed that these appear as places of expression of divisions, conflict, and factory of the suspicions and governed by individualism. Community organizations are in turn, described as devices remotely, undermined by pressures from actors of different logics, stereotypes and representations that inhibit rather community collective action. They are also devices controlled by the lure of profit. Community forests producing little or no money, the collective demobilization here makes sense then. The study ends with the perspective to consider for making the local collective action the tool without which the achievement of the objectives of improving the living conditions, poverty reduction and the prospects for local development, is not possible
Karambiri, Sheila. "La gouvernance territoriale par les chartes foncières locales dans la région des hauts bassins / burkina faso." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30075/document.
Full textIn territory management, participation and coordination aim to ensure more efficiency. Thus, in Burkina Faso rural areas, the issue of land security has led since 2009 to the establishment of local land charters. These are based on local natural resource management agreements for common use in accordance with sectoral laws and respecting local specificities. In practice, the local land charter faces the need of uses and activities to be articulated and coordinated for a sustainable production. This issue is analysed by the main research question: "what roles do local land charters play in the governance of the territories that have them"? The main hypothesis is that: "the local land charter allows territorial governance, because it favours knowledge of the territory, changes in the practices of the actors and it involves territorial effects by the reconfiguration of the networks of actors". The case studies of Bama and Koumbia local land charters were conducted in the Hauts-Bassins Region of Western Burkina Faso, an area of high agricultural production in the country. Indeed, the rural commune of Koumbia is in the cotton and agropastoral basin and the village of Bama is in one of the first rice plains of the country. Semi-directive interviews and direct observation have permitted verification of our hypothesis through the framework of the analysis of territorial governance. The content analysis, the territorial diagnosis and the typology of the management rules known by the actors are the specific methods of data processing. The interviews around the practices implemented by the local actors allowed to refine analysis in order to identify the stakes that the use of the land charters poses. The results of the content analysis show that the local land charters ensure that the multi-use of resources, and coordination of the different decision centers to allow the polycentrism of the rules are taken into account. They formalise new ways of management of use conflicts that favour consensus building at the local level. In Koumbia, taking into account the agricultural use of crop residues falls within this framework. Nevertheless, in both studied situations, the learning required for negotiation between stakeholders around issues is weak. The results of the territorial diagnosis show that the collective interests are oriented towards the management of non-timber forest products, the agricultural or fishery production, the collective sale and community activities around the social infrastructures. The key players in the endogenous management of common-used resources are local associations whose creation’s objectives are different from these issues of collective interest. Co-operative relationships are paramount and followed by hierarchical relationships between actors. The actors who carry the endogenous initiatives around common-used resources do not have the management of these resources as main objectives. This is a challenge as to the sustainability of such initiatives. In addition, the issue of endogenous management of non-timber forest products is found in the risk of spaces fragmentation through the partitioning of common resources exploitation areas. This second issue is shared between actual practices and the rules of the charter around crop residues. It allows update of individual ownership logic around common-used resources because the owner can allow or restrict access. This shared logic to the charter and to the practices of local actors shows the need to build a common and shared vision of the territory in order to promote territorial governance
Gayon, Benjamin. "Maîtrise foncière publique en zone littorale : les politiques de régulation foncière sur la côte basque française." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1803/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand the organization of the public actors who develop local land policies on the French Basque coast, by analyzing this public land action system in the course of decentralization, from the 1970s until today. The study of this territory shows the consequences of the gradual repositioning of the State, including how local governments have taken on the competence of the land regulation. The expertise, previously carried by the State, is ensured today by a multitude of structures, which contribute to complicating the interplay of local actors. In parallel, the Basque civil society has been mobilized around land issues (first in the agricultural policies): an alternative system has been built. The land issues pose in new terms the inescapable question of the institutionalization of the Basque Country