Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'La théorie quantitative de la monnaie'
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Bauvert, Joanna. "Monnaie et capital : de la demande de monnaie à la monétisation du capital." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100135.
Full textThis thesis deals with the role of capital in the monetary theory by trying to reveal the nature of the link between money and capital. This study also raises the question of the existence of money. The first part is a critical appraisal of the general equilibrium theory's monetary approach in which the link between money and capital appears in the demand for money viewed as a store of value. We show that the limit of this approach is due to the contingency of this link. We also show that Walras is not the founder of a such approach by explaining that his monetary theory gives greater importance to the medium of exchange function. The second part fits into the monetary tradition's framework (Keynes, Hawtrey. . . ) and presents an original analysis of the fundamental equations of Keynes by comparison with the price formation law of Cantillon and Smith. We then demonstrate that the money-capital relation derives from money creation conceived as a monetization of capital
Ülgen, Faruk. "L'endogénéité de la monnaie : ébauche d'une théorie de l'économie monétaire." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100012.
Full textOne of the main problems of the economic theory comes from the difficulties of the integration of money in the traditional models. The study presented here aims to propose some minimal theoretical conditions required for the explication of the modern monetary economies from the monetary postulate. The money is defined as the whole rules concerning the creation, the circulation and the annulation (destruction) of the means of payment (and settlement) in a given payments system. The money and the existence of a decentralized and private economy are conceived together. The money is not integrated into the value theory but he defines a particular economy which is monetary. The money endogeneity is a central proposition of this theoretical position. After the presentation of the payments system, we make a comparison with some representative general equilibrium and post Keynesian endogenous money approaches. Part 2 and part 3 are proposed in order to outline the necessary elements of the conceptualization of a monetary economy. These elements are the Keynesian effective demand, the idea of functioning of the economy in disequilibrium, the role and the behaviour of the banking system in the financing process of the economy and the interventions of a public central bank
Lecarpentier-Moyal, Sylvie. "Essai sur la mesure de la quantité de monnaie en France." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100010.
Full textThe aim of this PhD dissertation is an essay of the measure of the quantity of money in France. Particularly, we try or know if it is relevant to build weighted monetary aggregate and, if so, which one seems to be the most accurate. We proceed as follows. The first step is assigned to the selection of assets to be included in a monetary indicator. We select assets commonly registered by the central bank in their monetary statistics, to the exclusion of the assets related to public collectivities. In the second step, we define criteria that allow gathering these assets in homogeneous subgroups. The method of classifying assets is purely qualitative and is built on the criterion of substitutability complementarity. The last step defines the aggregation and weighting method applied to groups of assets. We specify four weighted monetary aggregates that three possess constant coefficients and one variable coefficient (devise index measure). The selection of a weighted aggregate among the different formula results from an empirical process. In a monetary policy purpose, we choose to determine the aggregate that allow the monetary authorities to control the variations of global income in short term consequently, we introduce the weighted. .
Klabi, Ramzi. "Essai sur la reformulation de la théorie quantitative de la monnaie par Maurice Allais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2002.
Full textIn 1965, Allais proposed an original restatement of the quantity theory of money. It is the Hereditary and Relativistic (HR) theory of the money demand. Published a decade after Friedman’s restatement and Cagan’s model of hyperinflations, the HR theory remained unknown. Many reasons contributed to the lack of success of this theory, one of which is related to its conceptual framework which is incongruous with the standard approach. The HR theory is based upon the notion of time relativity from a psychological point of view, and the idea that the behavior of economic agents is conditioned by a hereditary effect of past events.Our thesis aims to investigate the contribution of the HR theory as a restatement of the quantity theory with regard to the question of the stability of money demand.The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part contains necessary preludes to the analysis of the HR theory (Part I). The second and the third part contain the two main results of the thesis. The first one is that the HR theory represents an ontological restatement of the quantity theory based on the notion of “psychological time”- time as experienced by the collectivity as a whole (Part II). The second result is that the HR theory, as a macroeconomic theory, contains a paradigmatic shift which echoes the one introduced in physics by the theory of relativity: in the HR theory, an explanation of some monetary phenomena using the psychological distortion of time is substituted to the explanation through causal relations between aggregates (Part III)
Diop, Momar. "Etude critique de la théorie quantitative de la monnaie dans l'histoire des crises des prix." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE003/document.
Full textThe Quantity Theory of money which always links the increase in the high-Powered money supply and the general rise in prices is one of the oldest concepts in economics. After to have been the subject of many controversies at different times, it seems nowadays to hold less attention from the economists because the dispute is dissipated in a kind of religious choice to believe or not to believe to quantity theory. This theory officially influences the monetary policy of most of central banks in the world that bind conventional measures to control the money supply to curb inflation process. In many orthodox economics’ textbooks, the quantity theory is still deployed in perpetuum to explain the price crisis in history.By using the methods of political economy, we will counterbalance the economic facts like they are recorded and the economic theory; our thesis aims to provide a critical assessment of orthodox monetary doctrines based on the quantity theory, in the interpretation of historical price crises. Our approach relies on a factual reinterpretation of two major historical price crises in Europe, and we will seek to see if the quantity theory is relevant. Thereby, the “price revolution” of the sixteenth in Europe and the German hyperinflation are two periods of price crisis where the quantity theory is insufficient to explain all sides of the problem studied. Yet the quantity conception of money is much transformed over time, based each time on the doctrines of equilibrium and value. Our thesis is back critically in details on all aspects of this transformation: the contribution from the classics until the neoclassical School, all with a focus on the contribution of Keynes, to account for the long survival of quantity thinking in monetary economics
Velez, Alvarez Luis Guillermo. "Essai sur la théorie de la monnaie et de l'intérêt : XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100030.
Full textGomez, Betancourt Rebeca. "Edwin Walter Kemmerer, Théoricien et Médecin de la Monnaie." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422505.
Full textGomez-Betancourt, Rebeca. "Edwin Walter Kemmerer, théoricien et médecin de la monnaie." Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422505.
Full textKontzler, Hélène. "Une mise en perspective historique et analytique de l'offre de monnaie : Hayek, Friedman et Lucas." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010023.
Full textFranck, Cadier Christiane. "Le rôle de la vitesse de circulation dans la théorie monétaire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF10001.
Full textBensimon, Guy. "Essai de construction d'un système conceptuel pour l'économie communiste à partir des travaux d'Alexandre Zinoviev." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21002.
Full textThe justification behind this research lies in the fact that the theoretical work done on the communist economy (which is essentially "neoclassical") consists of approach patterns that have been drawn up for capitalist economic systems and then projected onto communist economies. A further justification resides in the fact that empirical research cannot systematise observations into a coherent and adapted system. Our solution consisted of reconsidering the organisational framework of the communist system as it is described by zinoviev. The concept of economic type is put together from zinoviev's empirical systems methods and from the postulates of political economy as expressed by the classical thinkers (mill, cairnes, neville keynes. . . ). The communist type of system is an attribution economy : an attribution economy is an economy where goods are acquired by individuals called "attributaries" as a result of the decision of a superior, i. E. The distributor. The attribution process is a sequence of relations derived from the attribution decisioin and from the relations of transfer and or connection. The analyses of steuart and keynes on the nature of money have enabled us to integrate the latter point into the attribution process, particularly in communist salary relations and in the relations between companies. We then maintain that an attribution economy necessarily requires money for it to function, even if its coordination mode is characterised by the presence of nonmonetary signals
Mohamed, Cheik Hamidou Issoufa. "Excès de liquidité monétaire, objectif d'inflation et stabilité financière." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G001/document.
Full textRecent developments in asset prices (stocks, real estate) during the last decade have revived the debate on the origin of some unbalances (bubbles) and their impact on the real economy. Indeed asset prices respond to liquidity glut (the global monetary base growing faster than world production) in a low inflation regime. In this thesis, we try to clarify the relationship between liquidity conditions and prices which may render economies more vulnerable to financial shocks (e.g. as a result of the bursting of asset prices bubble). Thereafter, we examine how monetary policy should respond to this threat by analyzing the implications of the existence of liquidity glut on the "inflation targeting" policy. To deal with liquidity glut and ensure financial stability, should central banks have to consider asset prices in their design of monetary policy?
Tiran, André. "Les écrits sur la monnaie , sur la banque et sur la finance de Jean-Baptiste SAY." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00117636.
Full textValeonti, Sofia. "La politique monétaire de la période de la Reconstruction aux États-Unis (1865-1879) : enjeux, théories, débats." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E012.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical reconstruction of the monetary debate that took place during the U.S. Reconstruction period by studying the writings of Henry Charles Carey, Hugh McCulloch, Simon Newcomb, and John Sherman. It traces the links between the policy proposals of each writer, their political economy, and their vision of economic development. A prerequisite to tracing those links was a clear identification of the main money question of the period: the greenback – the fiat, legal-tender, paper money issued by the Union as a means to finance the Civil War. Also necessary was an explanation of how the monetary debate became an arena for expressing antagonistic political visions. The first chapter offers both an identification and explanation. The following chapters then analyze the writings of the main participants of the debate. Chapter 2 focuses on Carey’s monetary theory and shows that his theory led him to deduce that maintaining both a greenback monetary standard and protectionism would make it possible to build a permanent union, while establishing national independence. On the opposite side of the debate were those who advocated for a resumption of specie payments, among them McCulloch, Newcomb, and Sherman. Chapter 3 examines McCulloch and Sherman’s position in the debate and provides evidence that it was informed by their vision of economic development, a vision that aimed to promote U.S. international integration. The fourth chapter centers on Newcomb’s methodology and the monetary theory that results from its application, a theory that offers an analytical framework to those who defended the resumption of specie payments
Andre-Aigret, Constance. "L'expertise de James Laurence Laughlin au service de l'unification monétaire et bancaire américaine, 1870- 1913. : de la défense de l’étalon-or à la conception du Federal Reserve Act (1913)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2024/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation studies James Laurence Laughlin (1850-1913) participation in the American monetary and banking unification. The history of American monetary and banking debates of the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century does not place emphasis on this author while he is unavoidable. He becomes a renowned academic economist by being the first Head Professor of the University of Chicago and the founder of the Journal of Political Economy in 1892. He also acquires the status of economic expert by doing a money doctoring in Santo Domingo in 1894 and by participating in the Indianapolis Monetary Commission in 1897-98. The final report of this commission written by Laughlin had been used to write the Gold Standard Act, passed in 1900 and establishing a gold standard system in the United States. Subsequently, he gets involved in designing the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 alongside his former student Henry Parker Willis. Laughlin’s theory is meant to be a critique of the quantity theory of money. He includes elements from the English Banking School authors’ theory. He explains the formation of prices by non-monetary determinants and includes credit and speculation in his theory by distinguishing a “normal” credit and an “abnormal” credit
Longhitano, Valerio. "John Law : théorie et pratique de la monnaie." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/18110492X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe monetary theory of John Law is one thats responds to the requirement of full employment. This paper considers, first of all, how he is viewed in the literature. The followers of De La Mothe have been disregarded in favour of the debates that lasted three centuries about John Law as an economist and a reformer. The picture emerges of Law being held in scant regard in liberal circles (after Smith and Daire) and appreciated among the French democrats and socialists of the 19th century. His veneration by James Steuart led to his insertion in a heterodox current of political economy leading to John Maynard Keynes. Law envisages a completely new kind of money that is not a commodity, more suitable as tool to measure value (because of its invariability) and more able (for the ease of its emission) to respond to the needs of production and employment. Money as an inherent part of economic activity, which pays no costs to mine-owning countries, is able to compete with metallic money, and also to be a substitute for it. Paper money has the same guarantees as metallic money. When, in England and Scotland, land banks were being discussed about, such guarantees were located in land, and later extended to every flow of wealth which it made possible. Money which, by its abundance, would have the task of keeping down the interest rate, lightening the load of usury on the state and on producers. A project which Law will try to perfect in France: in a society of "rente seekers", disposed to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the new system, but completely unwilling to accept an order whose aim was to produce their euthanasia
Compain, Claire. "L' approche de propection en théorie de la monnaie." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100011.
Full textIzoulet, Maxime. "Théorie comptable de la monnaie et de la finance." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0110.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the invention of double entry accounting, in Italy in the early 14th century, paved the way to modern credit money. With the introduction of a new definition of value, both complete and efficient, double entry accounting has led to the development of a feedback loop between the circulation of receivables and profit growth, whose meaning has been defined by double entry accounting itself. As it developed over time in relation to the trade of commodities, this system of credit money, which was initially pegged to official currency, has then become autonomous during conflicts, in different countries, when its convertibility with the official currency was suspended. From this interpretation of the history of money, drawing on an accounting theory of value, this thesis aims at demonstrating that contemporary financial markets work as a substitution for money, by developing autonomously during liquidity shortages, and maintaining a negative causal relationship with inflation, as shown by many econometric studies
Gimenez, Sandrine. "Monnaie moyen d'échange et théorie des prix : l'approche par les transactions." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100153.
Full textChristiansen, Erik. "The Roman coins of Alexandria : quantitative studies /." Aarhus : Aarhus university press, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34962341m.
Full textHernʹandez, Bielma Leticia. "La théorie post keynesienne de la monnaie et sa pertinence dans l'analyse de l'offre de monnaie au Mexique : 1970-1998." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0022.
Full textCohen, Daniel. "Monnaie et richesse en économie internationale dans la théorie de l'équilibre général." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100047.
Full textAlvarez, Gallo Carlos Andrés. "La monnaie et la réalisation des échanges : les implications pour une théorie économique du marché." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100037.
Full textThis dissertation studies the theoretical consequences of analyzing decentralized transaction mechanisms. Its aim is reassessing two central issues in the economic theory of the market using recent developments in search monetary theory. The first subject refers to the structural change related to the emergence of a monetary economy compared to a non-monetary one. We show search monetary models cannot be considered as a theory of the emergence of money or as an explanation of the choke between money and alternative transaction technologies. The circulation of money depends upon self-fulfilling expectations thus it is guaranteed only when agents anticipate that the economy they act in is a monetary one. Agents do not choose the exchange structure, they simply adapt to the social structure they anticipate. Our second topic is the relationship between transaction technology and the social division of labor within a market economy characterized by the existence of information asymmetries. We show that when agents are specialized enough the production of high quality gonds can only be guaranteed if there is a perfectly recognizable means of circulation. These results lead to reappraise the double function of money. Money appears as the most liquid object in presence of rising levels of specialization. Private assets are not necessarily perfect substitutes for money because higher specialization can be accompanied by deeper information problems
Pilkington, Marc. "Le rôle du crédit dans la théorie de la monnaie endogène : une analyse postkeynésienne des institutions de crédit." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOE013.
Full textAngaoui, Moulay Ahmed. "Monnaie et efficacité dans les développements récents de la théorie de l'équilibre général." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0003.
Full textOur work is a critical study devoted to the relation between money and market efficiency which is an important concern of some recent developments of general equilibrium theory. Specifically, we examine models built in the idea to get away from arrow-debreu scheme by incorporating frictions such as transaction costs, "double infinity", incertainty ant the "double coincidance" problem. We show that those models do not establish a robust and unambigu link between money and efficiency
Monvoisin, Virginie. "La nature de la monnaie endogène chez les post-keynésiens : les enjeux d'une théorie monétaire contemporaine." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOE009.
Full textChery, Frédéric-Gérald. "Ajustement économique, monnaie et institutions dans l'économie hai͏̈tienne." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030085.
Full textIn my doctoral dissertation, I studied how the economy of Hai͏̈ti functions and analyzed the crisis that it has been undergoing since 1980. This theoretical framework is grounded on the approach of the School of regulation and in particular their ideas concerning the role of money. This approach allowed me to understand the social structures that prevail in an underdeveloped economy. I studied the social compromises brougnt about by the role of money as a social bind, the sharing of goods belonging to domestic groups and the capturing of. .
Zanolli, Romain. "Essai d'une théorie juridique de la monnaie à partir de la notion de cours." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5002.
Full textThe monetary changes that have been taking place since the turn of the twenty-first century fuel a renewal of monetary thought. This renewal relies mainly on more legally enforceable rules: the European Union's single currency, the invention of electronic money, the adoption of new monetary rules (payment services...). These rules are so scatted and so abstract that they call for a proposal of a legal theory of money soundly based on the French concept of "cours" ("have currency"). In this theory, we define the objects of the « current money » legal devices (currency) before accessing their regime. Legal sciences have the advantage of being accustomed to articulating facts and law. In the monetary field, such logic leads to a strict separation between the monetary phenomenon which belongs to facts (a "total social fact" according to Durkheim) and its emergence in society through law. Money is thus the product of a normative process formalized by the monetary sovereign. Traditionally, monetary rules are sorted out into two categories: abstract money rules that allow for the definition of the unit of account, and concrete money rules that organize the issuing and circulation of a plurality of monetary objects. Yet, even if the use physical monies is constantly decreasing, they remain the only referent for the rules of money. In order to allow immaterial objects to have currency, a distinction needs to be made between the promise (the claim, and the debt) and the surrender of monies (funds). Such a demonstration needed a rebuttal of the thesis of some contemporary authors that consider immaterial monies as debt. Immaterial monies that had been conceived with the civil law tradition of thought, can now emerge as true monies. The French cours legal differs from the common law legal tender because the latter is mainly a contract law institution while as the former is a monetary law. Understanding how these immaterial currencies function in law is the next step. Indeed, in legal terms, currencies work on the basis of a triptych: the funds, the intangible bodies of the currency, are stored on a monetary device (i.e. account) and transferred from one device to another by means of an order given by a payment instrument (i.e. card, direct credit or debit). From then on, the differentiation between physical and immaterial currencies is due to the dissociable nature of funds and devices. Funds are definitely incorporated in physical devices while as they are only temporarily stored in immaterial ones. To say that monies have "cours legal" (have currency) would be a tautology since cours and current have very close meanings. The wording in force since the adoption of the first cours legal provisions in the 1810 French Penal Code shows that two functions are served: the first lays down the rule for defining and issuing currencies and the second subject them to rules of usage (or how they circulate). This fundamental dichotomy provided by the "cours legal" rules allows to escape the « money is what money does » definition. On one side, the ¿cours legal¿ shows that the legal definition of currencies is no longer based on the physical appearance of devices but on legal criteria. On the other, the study of the « cours legal » as rules for usage show that a subdivision distinguishes the rules at which currencies must be accepted from those that set the value for which they circulate. This duality can be extended to the understanding of immaterial currencies (scriptural and electronic currencies). Applied to them, the notion of "cours legal" allows to isolate the rules that govern their acceptance as common monies and their value in a cashless society
Vila, Adrien. "Cycles et instabilité chez I. Fisher : l'équilibre à l'épreuve de la monnaie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH035/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of money, especially of bank deposits,in Irving Fisher’s (1867–1947) analysis of the general level of activity determination, which constitutes nowadays the foundation of the contemporary quantitative theory.We show how his explanation of monetary instability evolves by comparing his credit cycle theory (1911) with the debt-deflation (1932, 1933). Our aim is to highlight the influence of the development of bank currency (from the end of the 19th century) and financial markets (during the interwar period) on Fisher’s economic thought, and through him, on the liberal conception of monetary neutrality. In this way, we draw the logical structures of its two analyses, by pointing out that they are based on qualitatively different mechanisms, one banking, and the other one financial, involving variables and processes of different nature. However, once this heterogeneousness advanced, it is possible to reconcile the two theories of Fisher by underlining a deeper invariance concerning the destabilizing character of money. That is why his two big reforms projects, the compensated-dollar (1911, 1920), and then the 100% Money (1935), are intended to answer at the same purpose: stabilize the value of money.Chapter 1 introduces the dynamic of the debt-deflation to discuss his relation with thecredit cycle theory in the chapter 2. In the latter, we assert that this analysis of Fisher is only a particular case of a more general model in which, contrary to what he thinks at the time, the stability of the equilibrium is not guaranteed. In the chapter 3, we discuss the solutions he proposed to solve the monetary disorders. More precisely, we specify the links between his perception of instability and the reforms he suggests to neutralize the influence of money on the real economic variables. In the chapter 4, we pursue our study of Fisher’s conception of instability by examining the logical and historical foundations of the notion of “Fisher effect” in the meaning given by James Tobin (1980). Finally, the chapter 5 deals with the reception and the posterity of Fisher’s ideas regarding financial instability. We show that the debt-deflation is neither ignored, nor totally rejected by the economists in the 1930s and 1940s, then that it occupies an important place from 1970s in the constitution of the neo-Keynesian and post-Keynesian research program
Laurentjoye, Thibault. "Essais sur la Monnaie et le Change : contribution à un renouvellement de la théorie des zones monétaires." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0050.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three essays: one on money (part one), and two on exchange rates (part two).The first part of the thesis (chapters 1-3) will aim to identify how the fundamental characteristics of money interact with each other.This will take place by reviewing the different definitions of money in the first chapter, both in and outside economic literature, and then the functions attributed to money, in order to identify those that we believe are most relevant. In the second chapter, we will take a detour through history and anthropology to identify stylized facts of the interactions between the account and payment functions at different times. The third chapter will be an opportunity to present a theory of money based on the notion of monetary spaces. The specificity of our approach will be to stress that the system of account used is both a property of prices and money forms, while money is defined as a two-dimensional entity: monetary forms and units of account.The second part of the thesis (chapters 4-5) will be composed of two independent chapters that offer complementary perspectives on some of the limitations of accepted exchange rate theory.The fourth chapter will focus on the taxonomy of exchange rate regimes and propose a revision of the accepted hierarchy, according to which fixed and flexible exchange rates are the only serious modalities available to a country or group of countries. To do this, we will first review the different types of exchange rate regimes identified by the IMF (section 1) and recall the qualities that are usually attributed to different types of regimes (section 2). We will isolate two dimensions in particular: adjustment (section 3) and price visibility (section 4), which we will use to form a benchmark to compare several exchange rate categories (section 5). The analysis suggests that the crawling peg, or sliding parity, is an exchange rate regime that presents an interesting compromise between these two aspects.The fifth chapter will focus on currency crises. After presenting the different generations of currency crisis models (section 1), we will introduce a distinction between unilateral pegs, which apply to a situation where one country decides to anchor its currency to that of another, and reciprocal pegs, which reflects a mutual commitment of the group of countries involved in the anchoring process. In the latter case, a peg may be unbreakable. The last section will discuss the limits of the famous monetary trilemma, which focuses on the constraints to which monetary policy is subject. We will see that the trilemma suffers from multiple exceptions. We will therefore suggest that the trilemma is actually a quadrilemma, the fourth peak of which is the presence of a constraint on foreign exchange reserves
Mahout, Jérôme. "Genèse des schémas de la reproduction dans "le capital" : valeur et monnaie." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100023.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis aims at showing how, in Marx’s works, reading of "reproduction schemes" in terms of a theory of value is rooted in a scientific approach with is true to classical political economy. Marx was bound to fail when attempting to find a guarantee for his surplus value theory amounted to a groundless reconstruction since Marx’s did not coincide with Quesnay’s episteme. Quesnay grounded his own theatrical way of thinking on Malebranche’s, on 18th century classical knowledge which was permeated with mathematical classification as the "economic table" shows for Marx, the economic reproduction theory was to provide the general scheme of the economic structure. But the economic structure was grounded on a theory of value and therefore failed to be consistent with its own bases. Moreover it was at variance with Marx’s critical project of breaking with the physico-empirical foundations of political economy. When Quesnay devised a theory of economic circulation, he did away with a theory of value, which was not taken up by Marx. Along with the research work of the "heterodox movement" (Benetti, Cartelier, Fradin, Deleplace, Aglietta, Orlean. . . ) It is possible to redirect Marx’s plan. This new monetary theory consists in starting economic science anew with the monetary relation
Depoortère, Christophe. "La méthode de David Ricardo dans ses théories de la valeur et de la monnaie." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082473.
Full textThis thesis aims at determining the method David Ricardo (1772-1823) used to establish his principles and to draw conclusions about the real world. First, it shows the influence of the works of Dugald Stewart (1753-1828) and of two of his students, James Mill (1773-1836) and Francis Horner (1778-1817). It also stresses the influence of Adam Smith (1723-1790) and characterizes, in Ricardo's theory of value, the peculiarity of his method. Finally, it examines two kinds of reasoning Ricardo applied to his principles : one is synthetic, the other analytic. The first one is illustrated by the tendency of profits to fall, the second by the invention of a monetary regime grounded on convertibility in bullion : the Ingot Plan. This thesis concludes that Ricardo's method was empirical and abstract and leads to question the role attributed by him to the monetary regime he advocated
Andrieu-Lacu, Cyrille. "Monnaie, Liquidité, faillite : une histoire analytique de la crise japonaise." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138819.
Full textAu lieu de sanctionner les pertes des banques par la faillite, les autorités y ont répondu par la
garantie de liquidité au niveau macro, et au niveau micro, par une modernisation des
microstructures du crédit pour dynamiser la liquidité des marchés, réduire le coût d'usage des
faillites d'entreprises et amener les banques à abandonner le système de banque principale et les
utiliser. Elles ont voulu aussi substituer la transparence à la norme de solvabilité pour réduire les
risques moraux et rendre plus crédible leur politique de durcissement gradué de la règle de faillite.
La liquidité micro et macro ne pouvant se développer sans discipline des paiements, le résultat
macro est la déflation malgré une forte dette publique et une stabilisation bancaire lente et
inachevée. La Grande Dépression est utilisée comme un miroir du Japon pour éclairer les
rapports liquidité/faillite sur les plans macro, de la politique bancaire et des restructurations
d'entreprises.
Borgne, Hervé. "Migration quantitative multi-ondes en milieu élastique anisotrope." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112261.
Full textCarvajales, Goyetche Leon Seibal. "Quantitative aspects of Anosov subgroups acting on symmetric spaces." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS021.
Full textThis thesis addresses the study of the orbital counting problem for pseudo-Riemannian symmetric pairs under the action of Anosov subgroups of the underlying Lie group. In the first part we study this problem for the pair (PSO(p,q), PSO(p,q−1)) and a projective Anosov subgroup of PSO(p,q). We look at the orbit of a geodesic copy of the Riemannian symmetric space of PSO(p,q−1) inside the Riemannian symmetric space of PSO(p,q). We show a purely exponential asymptotic behavior, as t goes to infinity, for the number of elements in this orbit which are at distance at most t from the original geodesic copy. We then interpret this result as the asymptotic behavior of the amount of space-like geodesic segments (in the pseudo-Riemannian hyperbolic space) of maximum length t in the orbit of a basepoint. We prove analogue results for other related counting functions. In the second part we look at the pair (PSL(d,R), PSO(p,d−p)) and a Borel-Anosov subgroup of PSL(d,R), presenting contributions towards the understanding of the asymptotic behavior of the counting function associated to a geodesic copy of the Riemannian symmetric space of PSO(p,d-p) inside the Riemannian symmetric space of PSL(d,R)
Bourdeau-Brien, Michael. "Les copules en finance. Analyse qualitative et quantitative de l'expansion de cette théorie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24639/24639.pdf.
Full textBourdeau-Brien, Michaël. "Les copules en finance : analyse qualitative et quantitative de l'expansion de cette théorie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19266.
Full textOrtalo, Rodolphe. "Évaluation quantitative de la sécurité des systèmes d'information." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT010H.
Full textRebeyrol, Antoine. "La genèse de la théorie de l'équilibre économique général : essai sur l'oeuvre de Léon Walras." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100202.
Full textWe try to demonstrate that the elaboration of the general equilibrium model proceeded from one of the great reforming utopias of the XIXth century. Walras' socialist thought is based upon a view of society and history, and involves a deep concern for justice. The general equilibrium theory throws light on the economic conditions of the slogan: to each man according to his work. We show that this founding preoccupation highlights the structure of the elements d'economie politique pure and the numerous difficulties of interpretation that this book raises: the baffling figure of "tatonnement" (groping), the distinction between exchange and production economies, the problems of savings, intertemporal optimization and capital. Furthermore, we show that Walras succeeded in integrating money into the general equilibrium model, an integration which is based on its function as a medium of exchange. This allows him to avoid the indeterminations connected with the store of value function of money in the contemporary economic theory. Finally, we show that Walras' "applied economics" contains many topics that shed light on the elements but are not included in his model. One may consider that Walras determinates in his "applied economics" a post-walrasian research program
Gobillard, Bertrand. "Contributions théoriques ŕ [i. E. à] l'analyse de la formation des grandeurs économiques : jeu de marché, arbitrage, loi du prix unique et apprentissage social." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100074.
Full textThis thesis contains a set of theoretical essays on the analysis of the formation of economic magnitudes, which share the common ides that to be understood it needs be formalized as a process. This analysis relies on game theory, and more precisely on strategic market games and social learning models. A part introduces the market mechanism à la Cournot which canonical formulation is sustained, and its interest and lessons are underlined. The violation of the law one price is qualified and cannot satisfy a robustness criterion we introduce; and it is shown there is no loss of generality working with the canonical framework. The reasons for the law of one price to fait in equilibrium and the conditions for convergence are stated. Then, we build a specific environment to point out that incorporation and revelation of information need be articulated, and in that case it is shown the specific nature of the phenomena that can be observed by building and analysing a social learning mode) which gives up the traditional assumption that agents do know the entire history of past actions
Hu, Shen. "Esquisse d’une théorie de l’encastrement thermo-économique du social : d’une enquête empirique sur la consommation d’alcool des Han à un renouveau épistémologique de la socio-anthropologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080106.
Full textThis work is based on an investigation commissioned by a cognac manufacturer. Heavily hit by the anti-corruption campaign launched by Chinese top leaders at the end of 2012, this manufacturer was seeking to develop a cognac product dedicated to the Sinophone (Chinese, Singaporean and Taiwanese) market of nightclubs and bars. Using an approach that subjects the marketing problem to the ethnographic method, we first performed an ethnography of the alcohol consumption of young Sinophone people in nightclubs and bars. This investigation was then supplemented by another one on the consumption of alcohol by the Chinese in general. The inductive method which we have employed has allowed us to use these ethnographic materials as a generator of research questions which we had not expected. Thus, apart from the descriptive part that synthesises the different modes of alcohol consumption that we have observed, this thesis is also composed of another theoretical part. On the basis of the questions raised by the first descriptive part, this theoretical part aims at sketching a theory of the “economic” embedding of the “social”, which runs counter to the sociologist trends characterising the postwar anthropology. In order to break with both the evolutionist and anti-evolutionist excesses of anthropological history, this thesis consists, among other things, in a revision of the monetary theory, the function of which would be to account for the geopolitical synergy between the “one-party China” and the “multi-party West” at present
Khellaf-Haned, Hadja Faïza. "Autour des différents modes de représentation et de raisonnement en théorie des possibilités quantitative." Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0403.
Full textThis work is intended to provide some contributions in the framework of the representation and the reasoning on uncertain knowledge based on a non probabilistic approach: the quantitative possibilistic theory. In the field of the representation, this study has contributed to developp equivalences between a quantitative possibilistic base and a possibilistic causal networks based on the product. Moreover, it shows that the beliefs networks based on the ordinal conditioning functions op Spohn as well as the penalties bases can be naturally represented with the quantitative possibilistic bases. In the field of the reasoning, an original algorithm was developped for the inference starting from the quantitative possibilistic bases. An experimental study was also carried out thus confirming the advantages of inference tool based on possibilistic quantitative logic
Keita, Lamine. "La théorie économique du XXIe siècle le concept de mesure en économie /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : Bagneux : L'Harmattan ; Numilog, 2002. http://www.numilog.com/bibliotheque/univ-reims/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=30583.
Full textDhayni, Mariam. "Problèmes dans la théorie des semigroupes numériques." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0041/document.
Full textThe thesis is made up of two parts. We study in the first part Wilf’s conjecture for numerical semigroups. We give an equivalent form of Wilf’s conjecture in terms of the Apéry set, embedding dimension and multiplicity of a numerical semigroup. We also give an affirmative answer for the conjecture in certain cases. In the second part, we consider a class of almost arithmetic numerical semigroups and give for this class of semigroups explicit formulas for the Apéry set, the Frobenius number, the genus and the pseudo-Frobenius numbers. We also characterize the symmetric (resp. pseudo-symmetric) numerical semigroups for this class of numerical semigroups
Jovanovic, Franck. "Le modèle de marché aléatoire dans la théorie financière quantitative : fondements historiques, théoriques et épistémologiques." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010029.
Full textDorobat, Carmen. "L'effet Cantillon dans la théorie du commerce international : L’impact de la monnaie fiduciaire sur le commerce, la finance et la distribution internationale des patrimoines." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0067/document.
Full textThis dissertation endeavors to offer a way to bridge the gap between the analysis of real and monetary phenomena in international economics. To this end, I analyze Cantillon effects, i.e. the differential impact of monetary expansion on prices, production, wealth, and the pattern of international trade. In Part I review the standard literature in international economics from the 19th century to contemporary theories. In Part II I use the contributions of Ludwig von Mises to the theory of money and business cycles as the foundation for the analysis of monetary expansion and international trade. In Chapter 4, I focus on the relationship between financial development and international trade. In Chapter 5, I analyze the impact of inflation and5fractional reserve banking on trade finance, and the transmission of business cycles across national borders. The main findings of my research are that monetary expansion modifies the direction, composition, volume and value of trade and capital flows. I apply this framework in Chapter 6, to explain the evolution of merchandise and capital flows over the last decades, and illustrate my findings with statistical evidence from the most recent financial crisis and the global trade collapse of 2008-2009. In Part III I analyze the impact of monetary expansion on international industrial organization, and the global distribution of income and wealth. In the concluding section, I draw out the major implications of my analysis for international trade and monetary policies, and its importance for future research
Oh, Yoon Mi. "Linguistic complexity and information : quantitative approaches." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20072/document.
Full textThe main goal of using language is to transmit information. One of the fundamental questions in linguistics concerns the way how information is conveyed by means of language in human communication. So far many researchers have supported the uniform information density (UID) hypothesis asserting that due to channel capacity, speakers tend to encode information strategically in order to achieve uniform rate of information conveyed per linguistic unit. In this study, it is assumed that the encoding strategy of information during speech communication results from complex interaction among neurocognitive, linguistic, and sociolinguistic factors in the framework of complex adaptive system. In particular, this thesis aims to find general cross-language tendencies of information encoding and language structure at three different levels of analysis (i.e. macrosystemic, mesosystemic, and microsystemic levels), by using multilingual parallel oral and text corpora from a quantitative and typological perspective. In this study, language is defined as a complex adaptive system which is regulated by the phenomenon of self-organization, where the first research question comes from : "How do languages exhibiting various speech rates and information density transmit information on average ?". It is assumed that the average information density per linguistic unit varies during communication but would be compensated by the average speech rate. Several notions of the Information theory are used as measures for quantifying information content and the result of the first study shows that the average information rate (i.e. the average amount of information conveyed per second) is relatively stable within a limited range of variation among the 18 languages studied. While the first study corresponds to an analysis of self-organization at the macrosystemic level, the second study deals with linguistic subsystems such as phonology and morphology and thus, covers an analysis at the mesosystemic level. It investigates interactions between phonological and morphological modules by means of the measures of linguistic complexity of these modules. The goal is to examine whether the equal complexity hypothesis holds true at the mesosystemic level. The result exhibits a negative correlation between morphological and phonological complexity in the 14 languages and supports the equal complexity hypothesis from a holistic typological perspective. The third study investigates the internal organization of phonological subsystems by means of functional load (FL) at the microsystemic level. The relative contributions of phonological subsystems (segments, stress, and tones) are quantitatively computed by estimating their role of lexical strategies and are compared in 2 tonal and 7 non-tonal languages. Furthermore, the internal FL distribution of vocalic and consonantal subsystems is analyzed cross-linguistically in the 9 languages. The result highlights the importance of tone system in lexical distinctions and indicates that only a few salient high-FL contrasts are observed in the uneven FL distributions of subsystems in the 9 languages. This thesis therefore attempts to provide empirical and quantitative studies at the three different levels of analysis, which exhibit general tendencies among languages and provide insight into the phenomenon of self-organization
El, Hasnaoui Abdelkader. "Le concept du gain d'information : une nouvelle approche en épidémiologie quantitative." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T034.
Full textChamseddine, Najla. "Analyse quantitative paramétrée d'automates temporisés probabilistes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626062.
Full textOualhadj, Youssouf. "Le problème de la valeur dans les jeux stochastiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766347.
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