Academic literature on the topic 'Labile carbon'
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Journal articles on the topic "Labile carbon"
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Zhang, Xiuwei, and Feihai Yu. "Physical disturbance accelerates carbon loss through increasing labile carbon release." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 11 (2020): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/257/2020-pse.
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Labile carbon (C) is a major source of C loss because of its high vulnerability to environmental change. Yet its potential role in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remains unclear. In this study, we tested the effect of physical disturbance on SOC decomposition using soils from two abandoned farmlands free of management practice for more than 28 years. The soil respiration rate was measured in undisturbed and disturbed soil columns and was inversely modeled using the two-compartment model. We found that the C loss was 16.8~74.1% higher in disturbed than in undisturbed soil columns. Physical disturbance increased the total amount of labile C (C<sub>1</sub>) loss by 136~241%, while had no effect on the kinetic decomposition rate constants of both labile (k<sub>1</sub>) and stable (k<sub>2</sub>) SOC decomposition. Physical disturbance fragmented the large macroaggregates into small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and free silt and clay-sized fractions. This indicates that C loss was derived from the initially protected labile C, and there was no change of SOC fraction being decomposed. Our results give insights into the understanding of the extent of labile C loss to physical disruption and demonstrate the potential effect of physical disturbance on SOC dynamics.
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Tobiašová, E., G. Barančíková, E. Gömöryová, et al. "Labile forms of carbon and soil aggregates." Soil and Water Research 11, No. 4 (2016): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/182/2015-swr.
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Wang, Hong, Andrew J. Stumpf, and Praveen Kumar. "Radiocarbon and Stable Carbon Isotopes of Labile and Inert Organic Carbon in the Critical Zone Observatory in Illinois, USA." Radiocarbon 60, no. 3 (2018): 989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.31.
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ABSTRACTWe applied the high temperature pyrolysis-combustion technique to partition the total soil organic carbon (SOC) into labile and inert carbon pools for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating and stable carbon isotope (δ13C), SOC, and carbonate carbon (CC) content analyses to examine SOC variability at a Critical Zone Observatory site in Illinois, USA. The AMS 14C dates of labile and inert carbon in the top 1.55 m overlap except in the Bt horizon. Below 1.55 m the labile carbon is younger by 8000–14,800 years. The SOC content decreases from 3.61% to 0.12% and CC content increases from 0% to 19.16% at this depth. Results indicate that SOC production exceeds its loss in the weathering zone causing a continuous turnover of both SOC pools. A small amount of modern SOC infiltrates into deeper sediment below 1.55 m, making the labile carbon pool much younger. Their difference of AMS 14C contents, ΔF14C, reveals 3−5% more modern carbon in the labile SOC pools except in the Bt horizon, further quantifying that <3−5% modern carbon with potential pollutants is translocated into the unweathered sediments. The δ13C reveals the sources for SOC cycling dynamics in both carbon pools at this site.
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Conteh, A., G. J. Blair, R. D. B. Lefroy, and D. A. Macleod. "Soil organic carbon changes in cracking clay soils under cotton production as studied by carbon fractionation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96177.
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This study examined soil carbon levels across a wide range of cracking clay soils used for growing cotton in Australia by using a simple carbon fractionation procedure. The soils studied included reference and cropped sites. The procedure employed determines soil carbon fractions based on their ease of oxidation to obtain the labile (CL) and non-labile (CNL) carbon components. Based on the total carbon (CT), labile carbon (CL), and non-labile carbon (CNL) of a cropped soil relative to a reference soil, various monitoring indices were developed. It was found that cultivation has generally led to a decrease in the organic carbon status of the soils. The effect of cultivation was found to be more pronounced in the CL and the carbon management index (CMI) than in the CT and CNL. The changes in the ratio of CL to CNL as a result of cultivation have been variable. The CMI has generally declined during cultivation, and since the CMI has incorporated the changes taking place in CT, CL, and CNL, the use of this index can provide very useful results in monitoring of organic matter status of soils.
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Gulde, S., H. Chung, W. Amelung, C. Chang, and J. Six. "Soil Carbon Saturation Controls Labile and Stable Carbon Pool Dynamics." Soil Science Society of America Journal 72, no. 3 (2008): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0251.
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Yu, Pujia, Xuguang Tang, Shiwei Liu, Wenxin Liu, and Aichun Zhang. "Short Term Effects of Revegetation on Labile Carbon and Available Nutrients of Sodic Soils in Northeast China." Land 9, no. 1 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9010010.
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In response to land degradation and the decline of farmers’ income, some low quality croplands were converted to forage or grassland in Northeast China. However, it is unclear how such land use conversions influence soil nutrients. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influences of short term conversion of cropland to alfalfa forage, monoculture Leymus chinensis grassland, monoculture Leymus chinensis grassland for hay, and successional regrowth grassland on the labile carbon and available nutrients of saline sodic soils in northeastern China. Soil labile oxidizable carbon and three soil available nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) were determined at the 0–50 cm depth in the five land uses. Results showed that the treatments of alfalfa forage, monoculture grassland, monoculture grassland for hay, and successional regrowth grassland increased the soil labile oxidizable carbon contents (by 32%, 28%, 15%, and 32%, respectively) and decreased the available nitrogen contents (by 15%, 19%, 34%, and 27%, respectively) in the 0–50 cm depth compared with cropland, while the differences in the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were less pronounced. No significant differences in stratification ratios of soil labile carbon and available nutrients, the geometric means of soil labile carbon and available nutrients, and the sum scores of soil labile carbon and available nutrients were observed among the five land use treatments except the stratification ratio of 0–10/20–30 cm for available phosphorus and the values of the sum scores of soil labile carbon and available nutrients in the 0–10 cm depth. These findings suggest that short term conversions of cropland to revegetation have limited influences on the soil labile carbon and available nutrients of sodic soils in northeastern China.
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Kolář, L., S. Kužel, J. Horáček, V. Čechová, J. Borová-Batt, and J. Peterka. "Labile fractions of soil organic matter, their quantity and quality." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 6 (2009): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/87/2009-pse.
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The objective of the present paper is to contribute to the evaluation of quantity and quality of non-humified part of soil organic matter (SOM). In samples of soil organic matter from the humus profile of Šumava forest soils and forest meadows, taxonomically designated as mor and moder forms, the fractions of labile soil carbon C<sub>cws</sub>, C<sub>hws</sub>, C<sub>PM</sub> and fraction of stable carbon represented by carbon of humus acids C<sub>HA</sub> and C<sub>FA</sub> were determined. Organic matter of samples was fractionated according to the degrees of hydrolyzability by two different methods in particle-size fractions of 2.00–0.25 mm and < 0.25 mm. The quality of labile fraction C<sub>hws</sub> was expressed on the basis of reaction kinetics as the rate constant of biochemical oxidation K<sub>bio</sub> and rate constant of chemical oxidation K<sub>chem</sub> of the first order reaction from a reduction in the concentration of C-compounds. The highest values of labile forms of carbon were determined in samples with the least favorable conditions for transformation processes of SOM, and these samples also had the highest content of labile forms in hydrolyses by both methods and the most labile fractions at the same time. The degree of SOM humification was strictly indirectly proportional to the lability of SOM and its hydrolyzability. The quality of labile fraction C<sub>hws</sub> can be expressed by both K<sub>bio</sub> and K<sub>chem</sub> while the sensitivity of K<sub>bio</sub> is higher but the reproducibility of K<sub>chem</sub> is better. K<sub>bio</sub> corresponds with the degree of SOM transformation, K<sub>chem</sub> with the proportion of C<sub>PM</sub> in total C<sub>ox</sub>.
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Ferraz de Almeida, Risely, Joseph Elias Rodrigues Mikhael, Fernando Oliveira Franco, Luna Monique Fonseca Santana, and Beno Wendling. "Measuring the Labile and Recalcitrant Pools of Carbon and Nitrogen in Forested and Agricultural Soils: A Study under Tropical Conditions." Forests 10, no. 7 (2019): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070544.
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Soil organic carbon and nitrogen can be divided into labile and recalcitrant pools according to the time it takes to be cycled. The way in which carbon and nitrogen pools are cycled and distributed between labile and recalcitrant pools can directly relate to soil quality. This paper tested the hypothesis that labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen vary between agricultural soils with different species and fertilization management systems (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium need) under tropical conditions. This study aimed to examine the impact of land-uses on stocks and losses of carbon and nitrogen under tropical conditions. We explored labile (soil microbial biomass and labile carbon) and recalcitrant carbon pools (humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid) in forested and agricultural soils, defined as latosol (forest, fertilized pasture, and unfertilized pasture) and cambisol (forest, coast pasture, sugarcane, and silage corn). Forested soil was used as an appropriate use to soil conservation in tropical that presents levels adequate of carbon and nitrogen stocks and biological condition in soil. Results showed that pools of labile and recalcitrant carbon are different on soil layers and the use of soil. Forest use in cambisol and latosol promoted higher labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen due to the greater environmental stability without human intervention. On the other hand, human intervention occurred in fertilized pasture and coast pasture; however, both uses presented similar recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen pools when compared to forested soil on the soil surface due to fertilizer uses and the high volume of the grass root system. Overall, our findings reveal that under tropical conditions, agriculture and forested soil can present similar recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen if agricultural soils are associated with the appropriate fertilizer management. Pasture with adequate fertilization management systems can be used as an alternative to recover degraded areas with low levels of recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen pools.
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Kalisz, Barbara, Andrzej Lachacz, Roman Glazewski, and Andrzej Klasa. "Effect of Municipal Sewage Sludge under Salix Plantations on Dissolved Soil Organic Carbon Pools / Wpływ Osadów Ściekowych Na Plantacjach Salix Na Zawartość Węgla Rozpuszczonego W Glebie." Archives of Environmental Protection 38, no. 4 (2012): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10265-012-0030-8.
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Abstract Labile fractions of organic matter can rapidly respond to changes in soil and they have been suggested as sensitive indicators of soil organic matter. Two labile fractions of organic carbon in the soils amended with fresh municipal sewage sludge in two rates (equivalent of 60 kg P ha-1 and 120 kg P ha-1) were studied. Soils under studies were overgrown with Salix in Germany, Estonia and Poland. In Polish soils application of sewage sludge increased the content of both labile organic carbon fractions (KMnO4-C and HWC) for a period of one year. Estonian soils were stable and no distinct changes in labile organic carbon fractions occurred.
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Kasurinen, V., H. Aarnos, and A. Vähätalo. "Biologically labile photoproducts from riverine non-labile dissolved organic carbon in the coastal waters." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 11 (2015): 8199–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-8199-2015.
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Abstract. In order to assess the production of biologically labile photoproducts (BLPs) from non-labile riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), we collected water samples from ten major rivers, removed labile DOC and mixed the residual non-labile DOC with artificial seawater for microbial and photochemical experiments. Bacteria grew on non-labile DOC with a growth efficiency of 11.5% (mean; range from 3.6 to 15.3%). Simulated solar radiation transformed a part of non-labile DOC into BLPs, which stimulated bacterial respiration and production, but did not change bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) compared to the non-irradiated dark controls. In the irradiated water samples, the amount of BLPs stimulating bacterial production depended on the photochemical bleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The apparent quantum yields for BLPs supporting bacterial production ranged from 9.5 to 76 (mean 39) (μmol C mol photons−1) at 330 nm. The corresponding values for BLPs supporting bacterial respiration ranged from 57 to 1204 (mean 320) (μmol C mol photons−1). According to the calculations based on spectral apparent quantum yields and local solar radiation, the annual production of BLPs ranged from 21 (St. Lawrence) to 584 (Yangtze) mmol C m−2 yr−1 in the plumes of the examined rivers. Complete photobleaching of riverine CDOM in the coastal ocean was estimated to produce 10.7 Mt C BLPs yr−1 from the rivers examined in this study and globally 38 Mt yr−1 (15% of riverine DOC flux from all rivers), which support 4.1 Mt yr−1 of bacterial production and 33.9 Mt yr−1 bacterial respiration.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labile carbon"
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Kolodziej, Scott Michael. "Management effects on labile organic carbon pools." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2424.
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It is well documented that increases in soil organic matter (SOM) improve soil
physical properties and increase the overall fertility and sustainability of the soil.
Research in SOM storage has recently amplified following the proposal that agricultural
soils may provide a significant carbon (C) sink that may aid in the mitigation of
increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Observed differences in lint yield and nitrogen
response from a cotton performance study at the Texas A&M University Experimental
Farm near College Station, TX prompted us to examine the effects of tillage and
rotation on soil organic C (SOC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), 38-day cumulative
C mineralization (38-day CMIN), hot-water extractable organic C (hot-WEOC),
carbohydrate C, and total glomalin. The treatments examined included conventional-till
continuous cotton (CT), reduced-till continuous cotton (RT), and conventional-till cotton
after corn rotation (CC) treatments. In pre-plant soil samples, SOC, SMBC, and 38-day
CMIN in the top 5 cm were 33, 58, and 79 % greater in RT and 29, 32, and 36 %
greater in CC vs. CT. Comparable differences were observed for hot-WEOC and
carbohydrate C. Little seasonal variation was observed for labile-C pools throughout
the growing season, suggesting minimal C input from cotton roots. Water-stable
aggregation was not significantly affected by management, and did not correlate with
labile-C pools or total glomalin. Labile-C pools were generally more responsive to
management vs. SOC and were strongly correlated with one another. Carbohydrate C
of hot-water extracts exhibited the strongest relationships with SMBC and 38-day CMIN,
even though it comprised only 3 and 5 % of these pools, respectively. Our data suggest
that increasing SOC in Texas cotton-cropping systems through conservation
management is possible. Long-term data are still needed to fully address SOC storage
potentials in Texas, but increases in labile-C pools resulting from conservation
management are attainable and have the potential to positively impact soil fertility.
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Zakharova, Anna. "Soil organic matter dynamics: influence of soil disturbance on labile pools." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9944.
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Soils are the largest pool of carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems and store 1500 Gt of C in their soil organic matter (SOM). SOM is a dynamic, complex and heterogeneous mixture, which influences soil quality through a wide range of soil properties. Labile SOM comprises a small fraction of total SOM (approximately 5%), but due to its rapid turnover has been suggested to be most vulnerable to loss following soil disturbance. This research was undertaken to examine the consequences of soil disturbance on labile SOM, its availability and protection in soils using the isotopic analysis of soil-respired CO₂ (δ¹³CO₂).
A range of soils were incubated in both the short- (minutes) and long-term (months) to assess changes in labile SOM. Shifts in soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ over the course of soil incubations were found to reflect changes in labile substrate utilisation. There was a rapid depletion of δ¹³CO₂ (from a starting range between -22.5 and -23.9‰, to between -25.8 and -27.5‰) immediately after soil sampling. These initial changes in δ¹³CO₂ indicated an increased availability of labile SOM following the disturbance of coring the soil and starting the incubations. Subsequently δ¹³CO₂ reverted back to the initial, relatively enriched starting values, but this took several months and was due to labile SOM pools becoming exhausted.
A subsequent study was undertaken to test if soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ values are a direct function of the amount of labile SOM and soil physical conditions. A range of pasture soils were incubated in the short-term (300 minutes), and changes in soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ were measured along with physical and chemical soil properties. Equilibrium soil-respired δ¹³CO₂, observed after the initial rapid depletion and stabilisation, was a function of the amount of labile SOM (measured as hot water extractable C, HWEC), total soil C and soil protection capacity (measured as specific soil surface area, SSA). An independent experimental approach to assess the effect of SSA, where labile SOM was immobilised onto allophane – a clay mineral with large, active surface area – indicated limited availability of labile SOM through more enriched δ¹³CO₂ (in a range between -20.5 and -20.6 ‰) and a significant (up to three times) reduction in HWEC.
In the third study, isotopic measurements were coupled with CO₂ evolution rates to directly test whether equilibrium soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ can reflect labile SOM vulnerability to loss. Soils were sampled from an experimental tillage trial with different management treatments (chemical fallow, arable cropping and permanent pasture) with a range of C inputs and soil disturbance regimes. Soils were incubated in the short- (300 minutes) and long-term (600 days) and changes in δ¹³CO₂ and respiration rates measured. Physical and chemical fractionation methods were used to quantify the amount of labile SOM. Pasture soils were characterised by higher labile SOM estimates (HWEC; sand-sized C; labile C respired during long-term incubations) than the other soils. Long-term absence of plant inputs in fallow soils resulted in a significant depletion of labile SOM (close to 50% based on sand-sized C and HWEC estimates) compared with pasture soils. The values of δ¹³CO₂ became more depleted in 13C from fallow to pasture soils (from -26.3 ‰ to -28.1 ‰) and, when standardised (against the isotopic composition of the solid soil material), Δ¹³CO₂ values also showed a decrease from fallow to pasture soils (from -0.3 ‰ to -1.1 ‰). Moreover, these patterns in isotopic measures were in strong agreement with the amount of labile SOM and its availability across the soils, and were best explained by the isotopic values of the labile HWEC fraction.
Collectively, these results confirm that labile SOM availability and utilisation change immediately after soil disturbance. Moreover, isotopic analysis of soil-respired CO₂ is a powerful technique, which enables us to probe mechanisms and examine the consequences of soil disturbance on labile SOM by reflecting its availability and the degree of SOM protection.
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Lucas, Shawn Thomas. "Evaluation of labile soil carbon test for prediction of soil productivity response to organic matter management." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2175.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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SANTOS, Uemeson José dos. "Frações do carbono e indicadores biológicos em solo do semiárido sob diferentes usos e coberturas vegetais." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6570.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-22<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The land use in Caatinga has caused changes in their properties, as well as behavior and quality of organic matter. extractive character changes, agro pastoral and agricultural biome has taken this to an unsustainable condition, with profound changes in the dynamics and the stock C and its fractions, linked to changes in the microbial community that plays an important role in nutrient cycling in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil C, its labile and recalcitrant but the activity and microbial diversity in soils under different vegetation covers and historical uses. seven areas were studied which consisted of native forest (F) without human action, forest with predominance of mimosa (AF) and the other with ipe (IP); three areas converted into farmland irrigated elephant grass (EG), irrigated corn (MI) and corn without irrigation (M); and a farmyard area (NF). They were collected in different areas samples at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Evaluated the total stocks of C and N, water-soluble carbon (CSA) and the C cumulative mineralized after 32 days of incubation, the carbon oxidizable fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and its fractions humic soil (C-FAH C-FAF and C-HUM), C microbial biomass, microbial quotient (qMIC) and structure the microbial community by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PFLA). The conversion of the savanna for maize cultivation causes a decrease of 56 and 38% in stocks of C and N in the soil. The larger C stocks were observed in AF coverage, while for N, M stood out with lower stocks of this element and also below at all depths to the CSA. The C mineralizable showed linear behavior, observing a reduction in average C mineralized accumulated up to 21.03% in the intermediate depth. The AF, F and IP coverage had higher carbon content in oxidizable fractions for all depths evaluated. The AF area showed higher C levels in labile forms. The C of humic fractions showed inventories in C-FAF fractions and C-FAH 3.59 and 3.73 t ha-1, respectively for AF area; and 22.64 t ha-1 in C-HUM fraction for EG. The area with MI showed greater efficiency in the use of C for microorganisms at different depths. For CBM, coverage with F had a higher concentration, down to 78.32% in depth. Further total Pflas EG concentrations were observed in the area with a larger population of bacteria and fungi in relation to the predominance of gram positive bacteria over gram negative. F1 fractions, CSA and CHUN contributed most significantly to the increase in the stock of C and N soil. Areas converted agícola production, has the potential to change the fractions of COS and microbial activity, especially when it is making use of irrigation in these environments. The EG coverage was more efficient in the use of C and preservation of MOS, combined with a high microbial community, providing better soil quality.<br>A utilização do solo sob Caatinga tem ocasionado alterações nas suas propriedades, assim como no comportamento e na qualidade da matéria orgânica. Alterações de caráter extrativista, agropastoril e agrícola tem levado esse bioma a uma condição de insustentabilidade, com profundas alterações na dinâmica e no estoque do C e suas frações, atreladas às modificações na comunidade microbiana que exerce importante função na ciclagem de nutrientes no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no C do solo, suas frações lábeis e recalcitrantes além da atividade e diversidade microbiana em solos sob diferentes coberturas vegetais e históricos de usos. Foram estudadas sete áreas que consistiram em floresta nativa (F) sem ação antrópica, floresta com predominância de angico (AF) e outra com ipê (IP); três áreas convertidas em cultivos agrícolas de capim elefante irrigado (EG), milho irrigado (MI) e milho sem irrigação (M); e uma área de capoeira (NF). Foram coletadas nas diferentes áreas amostras nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se os estoques totais de C e N, carbono solúvel em água (CSA) e o C mineralizável acumulado aos 32 dias de incubação, as frações oxidáveis do carbono (F1, F2, F3 e F4) e suas frações nas substâncias húmicas do solo (C-FAH, C-FAF e C-HUM), o C da biomassa microbiana, quociente microbiano (qMIC) e a estrutura da comunidade microbiana através da análise de fosfolipídeos de ácidos graxos (PFLA). A conversão da caatinga para o cultivo de milho ocasionou diminuição de 56 e 38% nos estoques de C e N no solo. Os maiores estoques de C foram observados na cobertura AF, enquanto para o N, o M destacou-se com menores estoques deste elemento, sendo também inferior em todas as profundidades para o CSA. O C mineralizável apresentou comportamento linear, observando-se uma redução na média de C mineralizado acumulado de até 21,03% na profundidade intermediária. As coberturas AF, F e IP obtiveram maiores teores de carbono nas frações oxidáveis para todas as profundidades avaliadas. A área AF apresentou maiores teores de C nas formas lábeis. O C das frações húmicas, apresentaram estoques nas frações C-FAF e C-FAH de 3,59 e 3,73 t ha-1, respectivamente para área AF; e 22,64 t ha-1 na fração C-HUM para EG. A área com MI demonstrou maior eficiência na utilização do C pelos microrganismos nas diferentes profundidades. Para o CBM, a cobertura com F obteve maior concentração, com redução de até 78,32% em profundidade. Maiores concentrações de PFLAs totais foram observadas na área EG, com uma maior população de bactérias em relação aos fungos e maior predominância de bactérias gram positivas em relação as gram negativas. As frações F1, CSA e a C-HUM contribuíram de forma mais expressiva para o aumento do estoque de C e N do solo. Áreas convertidas para produção agícola, tem o potencial de alterar as frações do COS e atividade microbiana, sobretudo quando faz o uso de irrigação nesses ambientes. A cobertura EG foi mais eficiente na utilização do C e preservação da MOS, aliada a uma alta comunidade microbiana, proporcionando melhor qualidade do solo.
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Read, Deborah J. "The role of labile dissolved organic carbon in influencing fluxes across the sediment-water interface : from marine systems to mine lakes." University of Western Australia. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0144.
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Sediment diagenesis in aquatic systems is usually understood to be controlled by the concentrations of both organic carbon and the oxidant. However, the concept that sediment respiration may be limited by the supply of organic carbon, even in systems with moderate concentrations of organic carbon in the water column, has yet to be fully explored. Typically we assume that a direct coupling between water column and sediment diagenesis processes occurs and the chemical evolution of porewater and surface water are linked through fluxes of chemical species across the sediment-water interface. While the dynamics of supply of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the sediments via plankton deposition and resuspension, has previously been examined, the fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) once in the sediments, has rarely been investigated. A series of experiments comprising batch tests, microcosms and sediment cores were conducted on sediment and water from four diverse field sites in which sediment respiration was considered to be carbon limited. Three sites were oligotrophic, acidic lakes and the fourth an oligotrophic coastal embayment. During each experiment dissolved organic carbon was added and measurements were undertaken of solutes that were considered participants in diagenetic processes. While each system differed in its chemical, biological and geological makeup, a key commonality was the rapid onset of anoxic conditions in the sediments irrespective of the overlying water oxygen concentrations, indicating lack of direct coupling between biogeochemical processes in the water column and sediments. Also, similar apparent DOC remineralisation rates were observed, measured solute fluxes after the addition of DOC indicated adherence to the ecological redox sequence, and increased ammonium concentrations were measured in the overlying waters of the acidic microcosms. In marine system experiments it was noted that diagenetic respiration, as indicated by decreasing concentrations of oxygen in the overlying water, increased rapidly after labile DOC was added. To explore the influence of geochemical processes on sediment respiration, a diagenetic model was tested against the laboratory data. The model was able to capture the rapid changes observed in the microcosms after addition of DOC in both the marine and acidic systems experiments. The model has the potential to serve as an essential tool for quantifying sediment organic matter decomposition and dissolved chemical fluxes. This work has focussed our attention on the control of DOC availability on sediment respiration and thus its ultimate control on solute fluxes across the sediment water interface. The results highlight the need to understand and quantify the supply of DOC to the sediment (as POC or already as the dissolved form), its transport through the sediment and its eventual remineralisation. This understanding is critical for improved management of aquatic systems, possibly even in systems where water column organic carbon is plentiful but sediment respiration is constrained by high organic carbon turnover rates in the water column and a resulting low flux of organic carbon to the sediment.
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Rombola', Alessandro Girolamo <1979>. "Biochar characterization for its environmental and agricultural utilization. Occurrence, distribution and fate of labile organic carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7034/.
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In this thesis the potential risks associated to the application of biochar in soil as well the stability of biochar were investigated. The study was focused on the potential risks arising from the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biochar. An analytical method was developed for the determination of the 16 USEPA-PAHs in the original biochar and soil containing biochar. The method was successfully validated with a certified reference material for the soil matrix and compared with methods in use in other laboratories during a laboratory exercise within the EU-COST TD1107. The concentration of 16 USEPA-PAHs along with the 15 EU-PAHs, priority hazardous substances in food, was determined in a suite of currently available biochars for agricultural field applications derived from a variety of parent materials and pyrolysis conditions. Biochars analyzed contained the USEPA and some of the EU-PAHs at detectable levels ranging from 1.2 to 19 µg g-1. This method allowed investigating changes in PAH content and distribution in a four years study following biochar addition in soils in a vineyard (CNR-IBIMET). The results showed that biochar addition determined an increase of the amount of PAHs. However, the levels of PAHs in the soil remained within the maximum acceptable concentration for European countries. The vineyard soil performed by CNR-IBIMET was exploited to study the environmental stability of biochar and its impact on soil organic carbon. The stability of biochar was investigated by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC-MS) and pyrolysis in the presence of hydrogen (HyPy). The findings showed that biochar amendment significantly influence soil stable carbon fraction concentration during the incubation period. Moreover, HyPy and Py-GC-MS were applied to biochars deriving from three different feedstock at two different pyrolysis temperatures. The results evidenced the influence of feedstock type and pyrolysis conditions on the degree of carbonisation.
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Pes, Luciano Zucuni. "Emissões de dióxido de carbono durante a implantação de culturas em dois sistemas de preparo em latossolo vermelho do rio grande do sul." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3330.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In farming systems with annual crops, the crop establishment period is characterized by intense soil disturbance in conventional tillage (CT) or disturbance only in the sowing line, in case of no-tillage (NT). The soil tillage enhances the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions whose should be investigated extensively during these short-term (scale days) that has implications in the carbon (C) dynamic in crop residues-soil-atmosphere system. This work was divided in two studies and they aimed quantify the role of main sources of soil C-CO2 (C labile soil and C crop-residues) and investigate the emission in different seasons. This study was carried out in a long-term experiment (installed in 1985) at Fundação Centro de Experimentação e Pesquisa (FUNDACEP) in a clay Typic Haplorthox. The first study evaluated the emissions of C-CO2 during 15 days of the spring 2009 and the fall 2010 using closed dynamic flow chamber with infrared analyzer. The crop residue input was black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in spring 2009 and fall 2010, respectively. The second study evaluated the C-CO2 emissions during 23 days in fall 2007, 21 days in spring 2007, 15 days in spring 2009 and 15 days in fall 2010, also using closed dynamic chamber with infrared analyzer. The crop residues input were soybean, black oat + common vetch (Vicia sativa (L.) Walp.), black oat and soybean in fall 2007, spring 2007, spring 2009 and fall 2010, respectively. The temperature and soil moisture were also evaluated. The crop-residues were the main C-CO2 emission sources during the crop establishment period. Consequently, the soil C-labile exposed by tillage operations in the Oxisol had restricted contribution to the C-CO2 emissions. This result is probably related with organo-mineral C association that is frequently reported in soils with high Fe/Al oxides concentration and clay texture. In relation to the season effect, the crop-establishment period in spring had higher C-CO2 emissions than to fall.<br>Em sistemas de produção agrícola com culturas anuais, o período de implantação das culturas é caracterizado por intenso revolvimento do solo, no caso do preparo convencional (PC) e revolvimento apenas na linha de semeadura, no caso do plantio direto (PD). Como o preparo do solo é uma das práticas que potencializa as emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2) pelo mesmo, faz-se necessário o estudo do comportamento destas emissões de curto período (escala de dias), relacionadas à dinâmica do carbono (C) no sistema resíduos culturais-solo-atmosfera. Neste contexto, os objetivos deste trabalho, dividido em dois estudos, foram de quantificar a contribuição das principais fontes de C-CO2 do solo (C-lábil do solo e C dos resíduos culturais) no curto período e determinar as diferenças quantitativas entre as emissões de curto período em diferentes estações do ano. O trabalho foi realizado em experimento de longa duração (instalado em 1985), localizado na Fundação Centro de Experimentação e Pesquisa (FUNDACEP), em Latossolo Vermelho. O primeiro estudo avaliou as emissões de C-CO2 durante 15 dias da primavera de 2009 e do outono de 2010, utilizando câmara de fluxo fechado dinâmica com analisador infravermelho. O resíduo cultural no momento das avaliações foi aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreber.) e soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), na primavera de 2009 e outono de 2010, respectivamente. Já o segundo estudo avaliou as emissões de C-CO2 durante 23 dias do outono de 2007, 21 dias da primavera de 2007, 15 dias da primavera de 2009 e 15 dias do outono de 2010, também utilizando câmara de fluxo fechado dinâmica com analisador infravermelho. O resíduo cultural no momento das avaliações foi soja, aveia preta + ervilhaca comum (Vicia sativa (L.) Walp.), aveia preta e soja, no outono de 2007, primavera de 2007, primavera de 2009 e outono de 2010, respectivamente. Além disso, foram avaliadas a temperatura e umidade do solo em ambos os estudos. Os estudos indicaram que o C dos resíduos culturais foi a principal fonte de emissão de C-CO2 do solo no período de implantação das culturas neste Latossolo. Consequentemente, o C-lábil do solo disponibilizado pelas operações de preparo apresentou limitada contribuição para o incremento das emissões. Este resultado provavelmente está relacionado às associações organo-minerais que são frequentemente reportadas em solos com altas concentrações de óxidos e de textura argilosa. Já em relação à estação do ano, a implantação de culturas na primavera apresentou maiores emissões de C-CO2 quando comparada ao outono.
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Feit, Sharon Jean. "Variability in Hydrology and Ecosystem Properties and Their Role in Regulating Soil Organic Matter Stability in Wetlands of West-Central Florida." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4319.
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Soil organic matter (SOM) provides many ecosystem services that are necessary for continued ecosystem function. The accumulation of SOM in an ecosystem is a function of its persistence time which can range from days to thousands of years. Ecosystem properties including dominant vegetation type, soil texture, and soil moisture in various habitats can regulate the persistence time of SOM.
Wetlands, because of their associated ecosystem properties, promote SOM accumulation, but little has been done to determine the ecosystem properties that regulate its persistence over time. In west-central Florida, urbanization and increased water demands have suppressed water tables in isolated wetland ecosystems via hydrological connectivity between ground and surficial waters. In this study, variability in wetland ecosystem properties, in particular dominant vegetation type and hydrological parameters, were tested as mechanisms driving SOM accumulation and stability.
Cypress wetlands had significantly more organic matter, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) than herbaceous marshes. In addition, increased wetland inundation promoted stable SOM accumulation in forested wetlands. By increasing the percent time a forested wetland spent aerobic, decreases occurred in both labile and stable C and N pools. As large storage units of SOM, the decreases in both labile and stable C and N pools in wetland soils have large implications for global C and N cycling. Increased manipulation of wetland water levels, especially in short time scales, can mineralize both short-term and long-term storage units of C and N. Globally, the increase mineralization of large SOC and SON stocks would exacerbate the release of air and water quality pollutants. The sensitivity of both labile and stable SOM pools draws concern when anticipating continued water demands and land use changes of the Tampa Bay region.
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Carli, Roberto Simão de. "DINÂMICA DO NITROGÊNIO INFLUENCIADA PELA ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E ADIÇÃO DE GESSO EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO DE LONGA DURAÇÃO." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2295.
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-29<br>Nitrogen is a nutrient with such a high contribution for agriculture, that various strategies are studied every year looking for enhancements of its use efficiency and reduction of its environmental impacts. This study hypothesis is that, the use of gypsum can change the soil’s nitrogen dynamic in the no-tillage system. So, the main objective of this study was to relate the dynamic of the labile compartments of C and N as indicators of fewer losses or lower efficiency of Nitrogen by the use of gypsum under a well-established no-till system. The objective was to relate the dynamics of labile compartments C and N as loss of reduction or efficiency indicators of N due to the use of gypsum in no-tillage system. The experiment was established in September 2012 on clay Oxisol in Ponta Grossa – PR, in a split-split plot completely randomized block design, with three replications. The sources of variation were used gypsum (plots), nitrogen (split-plots) and time (split-split plots). The corn sowing was done in September 2014. The treatments used in the plots were gypsum rates: a) absence of gypsum and b) 2.7 Mg ha-1 of gypsum applied surface. Treatments of subplots were: a) 0 kg ha-1 N; b) 80 kg ha-1 N; c) 160 kg ha-1 N and d) 240 kg ha-1 applied on corn at the V4 stage phenological (four leaves expanded). The time factor was inserted as split-split plots: a) 0 days after sowing (DAS); b) 34 DAS; c) 52 DAS; d) 87 DAS and e) 117 DAS. Within the first and the fifth time layers were sampled 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm. For intermediate times were sampled layers up to 20 cm. The variables analyzed were: a) Nitrate; b) hot water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC); c) permanganate oxidizable organic carbon (POXC); d) Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and e) Total Nitrogen (TN). It was also held for sampling density in the layers referred to only in the first season. Straw samples were collected for reading C and Total N was also evaluated the decomposition of crop residues. The corn production was studied in function of the treatments employed. The use of gypsum become an important tool to minimize the environmental impact nitrate leaching. In high fertility areas and therefore no chemical deterrents in depth to achieve high production ceilings, low doses of plaster do not provide increases in corn yields, but changes in labile compartments C are observed. In long term experiments changes should be seen in TOC and NT and consequently grain production in responses can be observed.<br>O nitrogênio é um nutriente de grande contribuição para a atividade agrícola, desta forma várias estratégias são estudadas cujo intuito é a maximização da eficiência associada à minimização dos impactos ambientais. O presente trabalho parte da hipótese que o uso do gesso agrícola altera a dinâmica do nitrogênio no solo em sistema plantio direto. Dessa forma o objetivo geral foi relacionar a dinâmica dos compartimentos lábeis de C e N como indicadores da redução de perda ou eficiência do N devido ao uso do gesso agrícola em sistema plantio direto de longa duração. O experimento foi implantado em setembro de 2012 em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso em Ponta Grossa – PR. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas sub-subdivididas com três repetições. As fontes de variação empregadas foram gesso agrícola (parcelas), doses de nitrogênio (sub-parcelas) e o tempo (sub-subparcelas). A semeadura do milho ocorreu em setembro de 2014. Os tratamentos empregados nas parcelas foram doses de gesso: a) ausência de gesso e b) 2,7 Mg ha-1 de gesso, aplicados em superfície. Os tratamentos que compuseram as subparcelas foram: a) ausência de N; b) 80 kg ha-1 de N; c) 160 kg ha-1 de N e d) 240 kg ha-1 aplicados no milho no estágio fenológico de V4 (quatro folhas verdadeiras expandidas). O fator tempo foi inserido como sub-subparcela, sendo que as avaliações foram realizadas em a) 0 dias após semeadura (DAS); b) 34 DAS; c) 52 DAS; d) 87 DAS e e) 117 DAS. Dentro da primeira e da quinta época foram amostradas as camadas 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm e 40-60 cm. Para as épocas intermediárias foram amostradas as camadas até 20 cm. As variáveis analisadas foram: a) Nitrato; b) Carbono extraído em água quente (C-AQ); c) carbono oxidado por permanganato (C-OXP); d) Carbono Orgânico Total (COT) e e) Nitrogênio Total (NT). Também foi realizada amostragem para densidade nas camadas referidas apenas na primeira época. Amostras de palha foram coletadas para leitura de C e N total, também foi avaliada a decomposição dos resíduos culturais. A produtividade do milho foi estudada em função dos tratamentos empregados. O uso do gesso se torna uma ferramenta importante para minimizar o impacto ambiental pela lixiviação de nitrato. Em áreas de alta fertilidade e consequentemente sem impedimentos químicos em profundidade para alcançar altos tetos produtivos, doses baixas de gesso não proporcionam incrementos na produtividade do milho, porém alterações nos compartimentos lábeis do C são observadas. Em experimentos que contemplem maior tempo, mudanças devem ser observadas nos estoques de COT e NT e consequentemente respostas em produção de grãos poderão ser observadas.
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Meilander, Tracey Trzebuckowski. "The Role of Bacterioplankton in Lake Erie Ecosystem Processes: Phosphorus Dynamics and Bacterial Bioenergetics." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1163880480.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2006.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 5, 2009). Advisor: Robert T Heath. Keywords: bacterioplankton, phosphorus dynamics, bacterial bioenergetics, labile dissolved organic carbon, bacterial productivity, bacterial respiration, bacterial growth efficiency, Lake Erie, hypoxia. Includes bibliographical references (p. 357-397).
Books on the topic "Labile carbon"
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R, Heys J., and Moenius Thomas, eds. Preparation of compounds labeled with tritium and carbon-14. Wiley, 2009.
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Voges, R. Preparation of compounds labeled with tritium and carbon-14. Wiley, 2009.
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Fink, Moritz. Understanding The Simpsons. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988316.
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Another book on The Simpsons? you might wonder. Isn’t the yellow cartoon troupe around the eponymous chaotic family somewhat worn-out? Perhaps you even ask yourself whether that nineties’ show is still on the air anyhow. Accolades such as "the best TV show of the twentieth century" or "the longest-running scripted series on American prime-time television" have elevated The Simpsons to the pop culture pantheon, while also suggesting the very vintage character of the program. But the label "The Simpsons" refers not just to a show that seems to belong to a bygone television era, it implies a rich narrative universe, including a set of iconic figures, familiar across continents and generations. Through lens of a transmedia studies, Understanding The Simpsons traces the franchise’s trajectory, from its original conception shaped by alternative media traditions to its astounding, long-lived impact as a cult phenomenon in popular culture. Examining the legacy of online fan forums and bootleg T-shirts from the show’s heyday in the early 1990s, as well as the meaning of The Simpsons in contemporary digital culture, this book demonstrates how one of the most popular comedy series of all time has redefined the intersections between the corporate media and participatory culture – and is alive indeed.
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Kirchman, David L. Degradation of organic matter. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0007.
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The aerobic oxidation of organic material by microbes is the focus of this chapter. Microbes account for about 50% of primary production in the biosphere, but they probably account for more than 50% of organic material oxidization and respiration (oxygen use). The traditional role of microbes is to degrade organic material and to release plant nutrients such as phosphate and ammonium as well as carbon dioxide. Microbes are responsible for more than half of soil respiration, while size fractionation experiments show that bacteria are also responsible for about half of respiration in aquatic habitats. In soils, both fungi and bacteria are important, with relative abundances and activity varying with soil type. In contrast, fungi are not common in the oceans and lakes, where they are out-competed by bacteria with their small cell size. Dead organic material, detritus, used by microbes, comes from dead plants and waste products from herbivores. It and associated microbes can be eaten by many eukaryotic organisms, forming a detritus food web. These large organisms also break up detritus into small pieces, creating more surface area on which microbes can act. Microbes in turn need to use extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large molecular weight compounds, which releases small compounds that can be transported into cells. Fungi and bacteria use a different mechanism, “oxidative decomposition,” to degrade lignin. Organic compounds that are otherwise easily degraded (“labile”) may resist decomposition if absorbed to surfaces or surrounded by refractory organic material. Addition of labile compounds can stimulate or “prime” the degradation of other organic material. Microbes also produce organic compounds, some eventually resisting degradation for thousands of years, and contributing substantially to soil organic material in terrestrial environments and dissolved organic material in aquatic ones. The relationship between community diversity and a biochemical process depends on the metabolic redundancy among members of the microbial community. This redundancy may provide “ecological insurance” and ensure the continuation of key biogeochemical processes when environmental conditions change.
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Heys, J. Richard, Rolf Voges, and Thomas Moenius. Preparation of Compounds Labeled with Tritium and Carbon-14. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Labile carbon"
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Akinsete, Shade J., and Stephen Nortcliff. "Storage of Total and Labile Soil Carbon Fractions Under Different Land-Use Types: A Laboratory Incubation Study." In Soil Carbon. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_21.
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Zhang, Mingchu, Zhongqi He, and Aiqin Zhao. "Water-Extractable Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Affected by Crop Rotation and Fertilizer Management." In Labile Organic Matter-Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub62.2014.0038.
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Wang, Jim J., Syam K. Dodla, and Ronald D. DeLaune. "Characteristics and Functions of Labile Organic Carbon in Coastal Wetland Soils of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain." In Labile Organic Matter-Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub62.2014.0046.
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Zhang, Mingchu, and Zhongqi He. "Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Carbon Revealed by Ultraviolet-Visible Absorbance and Fluorescence Spectroscopy: The Current Status and Future Exploration." In Labile Organic Matter-Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub62.2014.0032.
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Tatzber, Michael, Sabine Klepsch, Gerhard Soja, Thomas Reichenauer, Heide Spiegel, and Martin H. Gerzabek. "Determination of Soil Organic Matter Features of Extractable Fractions Using Capillary Electrophoresis: An Organic Matter Stabilization Study in a Carbon-14-Labeled Long-Term Field Experiment." In Labile Organic Matter-Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub62.2014.0033.
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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Visualization of 14C-labeled Gas Fixation in a Plant." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_5.
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AbstractWe targeted not only the elements we can supply to the nutrient solution but also carbon dioxide gas to visualize the fixation process and the movement of assimilated carbon in a plant. This is another highlight of our study using real-time RI imaging systems (RRIS). The interesting result was that the route of assimilated carbon was different depending on where the fixation took place. In Arabidopsis, most of the metabolites after photosynthesis were transferred to the tip of the main internode and roots when 14CO2 gas was fixed and photosynthates were produced at rosette leaves, whereas most of the metabolites moved to the tip of the branch internode and hardly moved down to the roots when 14CO2 gas was supplied to the aboveground parts of the plant other than rosette leaves. Interestingly, it was possible to visualize and trace which tissue performed the fixation of 14CO2 gas, i.e., carbon could be traced from the fixation site in tissue to tissue formation. However, especially in the case of 14C imaging, image analysis should be carefully performed because of the self-absorption of the β-rays in tissue. To image 14CO2 gas fixation in larger samples, approximately 50 cm in height, a plastic scintillator was introduced, and the assimilation process of the gas was visualized for rice and maize.
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Führ, Fritz. "Uptake and Translocation of Carbon-14-Labeled Fungicides in Cereals." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0304.ch003.
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Wieland, Donald M. "Heart neuronal imaging with carbon-11- and fluorine-18-labeled tracers." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2456-0_31.
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Fukumoto, Kazuhiko, Kiyoshi Dowaki, and Motoko Yamanari. "A business feasibility study on a paprika with carbon footprint label." In Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3010-6_202.
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Fox, K. A. A., R. M. Knabb, S. R. Bergmann, and B. E. Sobel. "Progress in cardiac positron emission tomography with emphasis on carbon-11 labeled palmitate and oxygen-15 labeled water." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3287-6_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Labile carbon"
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Wang, Lianfeng, Liyan Wen, Yanjiang Cai, Hongtu Xie, and Xudong Zhang. "Labile Organic Carbon in Eroded Soil under Different Vegetation in Northwest of Liaoning Province, China." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163006.
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"Assessment of Formula-Based Structural Annotation of Humic Substances by Mild Chemical Derivatization and Mass Spectrometry." In Sixth International Conference on Humic Innovative Technologies "Humic Substances and Eco-Adaptive Technologies ”(HIT – 2021). Non-Commercial Partnership "Center for Biogenic Resources "Humus Sapiens" (NP CBR "Humus Sapiens"), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2021.mikhnevich.002.
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Natural organic matter (NOM) plays an important role in the environment and its chemical properties and molecular composition reflect balance between mineralization and sequestration of organic carbon. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., FTICR MS) provides essential molecular information about NOM. However, NOM molecular heterogeneity prevents application of tandem MS experiments and direct structural information is ultimately missing leaving opportunities to only ambiguous formula-based annotation. The main aim of this work was to develop a chemical workflow to reliably examine the accuracy of several FTICR MS-derived structural indices with the focus on aromaticity and O-functional groups, which greatly impact compound properties. Four NOM samples of different origin (coal, oxidized lignin, river, and permafrost thaw) were brominated by NBS in acetonitrile for 24 hrs at RT. Carboxylic groups in all samples were determined by selective deuteromethylation using CD 3OD/SOCl2 reaction and by HATU amidation with 15N labeled glycine. Carbonyl groups were reduced by NaBD4. All parent and labeled mixtures were analyzed by ESI FTCR MS. Custom python scripts were developed to treat spectra and enumerate specific structural moieties in individual components. Obtained data was used to assess reliability of exact aromaticity indices (AI)1 and aromaticity equivalents (Xc) 2. Lignin- and coal-derived samples turned out to be the most sensitive to bromination which corroborated with the model phenolic structures. On contrary, permafrost thaw, which is enriched with labile species, was mostly resistant to bromination - 22% of molecular ions were brominated. Moreover, unlike oxidized riverine sample, coal NOM included polybrominated species, which implies that reaction efficiency depends on reactivity (i.e. substituents) of aromatic fragments. Samples were characterized by drastically different bromine distributions on van Krevelen diagrams, which correlated with the distribution of non-carboxylic oxygen atoms. Further, we compared AI and Xc aromaticity indices in terms of the proportion of correctly assigned aromatics. The data on brominated molecules were in good agreement with the AI values; however, apparently AI tends to overestimate the number of non-aromatics in the sample since it describe averaged aromaticity rather than the factual presence of aromatic ring. On the other hand, Xc perfectly recognized non-aromatics. In general, a higher proportion of correctly attributed aromatics was observed for the aromaticity equivalent Xc (up to 68%), which tends to find aromatic moieties in non-aromatic molecules assigned by AI. Still, we observed a number of aromatic- and condensed aromatic-assigned compounds, which were resistant to bromination or included lesser Br-atoms than the evaluated number of aromatic rings. Reaction with NaBD4 and enumeration of labeling series revealed the presence of carbonyl groups in these species, which in case of multiple reducing could be reliably assigned to quinone – condensed non-aromatic compounds. The approach may be of great importance in biogeochemical and medicinal studies of NOM. Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation gran No 21-47-04405. References 1. Zherebker, A., Lechtenfeld, O. J., Sarycheva, A., Kostyukevich, Y., Kharybin, O., Fedoros, E. I. and Nikolaev, E. N. Anal. Chem., 2020, 92 (13), 9032-9038; 2. Yassine, M.M., Harir, M., Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E. and Schmitt-Kopplin, P. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2014, 28, 2445-2454.
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Abera, Adeyabeba, and Jin-Woo Choi. "Carbon nanotube labeled immunosensor for lateral flow diagnostics." In TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2009.5285979.
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Kawachi, Naoki, Kaori Kikuchi, Nobuo Suzui, et al. "Imaging for carbon translocation to a fruit of tomato with carbon-11-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography." In 2009 1st International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2009.5503699.
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Zimmermann, Kristen A., David Inglefield, Timothy E. Long, Christopher G. Rylander, and M. Nichole Rylander. "Fluorescently Labeled Carbon Nanohorns as Intracellular Drug Delivery Vehicles." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80818.
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Nanomaterials have been investigated for biomedical applications due to their unique properties. Their shape, size, surface, and material can be altered specifically for the type of application. Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been effectively utilized as photoabsorbers to enhance laser-based therapies [1] and can be easily loaded with drugs or targeting moieties [2, 3]. The strong carbon bonds in this material provide a chemical and mechanical inertness that can serve as a barrier to protect chemotherapeutic agents from degrading quickly as they are transported to the site of interest [2].
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Lee, Dongjin, Yogesh Chander, Sagar M. Goyal, and Tianhong Cui. "Carbon Nanotubes Swine Influenza (H1N1) Virus Sensors." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40735.
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We present a label-free detection of swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 by means of the excellent electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The electrical resistance of SWCNT resistor tends to increase upon the surface adsorption of macromolecules such as poly-L-lysine, anti-SIV antibodies, and SIVs in the process of immunoassay. The SWCNT network resistor was successfully able to detect as low as 180 TCID50/ml of SIV using the resistance shifts upon immunobinding of SIVs. The sensor specificity was demonstrated against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and feline calicivirus (FCV). This facile CNT-based immnoassay has potential applications as a rapid point-of-care detection or a sensing platform for lab-on-a-chip systems.
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STOLLE, WAYNE T. "THE PREPARATION OF A THIRD GENERATION REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (RTI), RADIOISOTOPICALLY LABELED WITH CARBON-14 OR TRITIUM, OR STABLE ISOTOPICALLY LABELED WITH CARBON-13 AND NITROGEN-15." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Isotopes. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793867_0022.
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KAO, BO-CHAN. "SYNTHESIS OF ANTI-CMV RPR111423 LABELED WITH CARBON-14, DEUTERIUM AND TRITIUM." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Isotopes. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793867_0010.
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ADAMCZYK, MACIEJ, JONATHAN GROTE, PHILLIP G. MATTINGLY, JEFFREY A. MOORE, and YOU PAN. "CARBONYL-REACTIVE CHEMILUMINESCENT LABELS: ACRIDINIUM HYDROXYLAMINES (AHA)." In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811158_0081.
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Maehashi, Kenzo, and Kazuhiko Matsumoto. "Aptamer-based label-free immunosensors using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors." In 2009 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2009.5398399.
Full textReports on the topic "Labile carbon"
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Bradford, M. A., J. M. Melillo, J. F. Reynolds, K. K. Treseder, and M. D. Wallenstein. Heterotrophic Soil Respiration in Warming Experiments: Using Microbial Indicators to Partition Contributions from Labile and Recalcitrant Soil Organic Carbon. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981713.
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Yung, Yuk L., and M. H. Thiemens. Isotopically labeled CO{sub 2} from stratosphere: A tracer of carbon biogeochemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104790.
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