Journal articles on the topic 'Labiodental fricative'

The current study examines patterns of TH variation in Hong Kong English (HKE). In particular, it examines patterns in the realization of the voiceless interdental fricative /θ/ as the voiceless labiodental fricative [f],2 a process known as TH-fronting, as well as realization of the voiceless of TH as [s]. Previous research on HKE (Bolton & Kwok 1990; Hung 2000; Deterding et al.2008; Setter et al.2010) has established that TH-fronting is a variable phenomenon in HKE, with both intra- and inter-speaker variation, though no research to date has examined the social and linguistic constraints that govern this phenomenon in HKE. The current study also examines the realization of TH as [s], which has not been documented in previous research on HKE, but was found to be a variant of TH in the current study. This article thus examines the social (defined here as non-linguistic constraints such as gender, medium of instruction and proficiency) and linguistic (syllable position, linguistic environment, stress) factors which impact the realization of TH in HKE and whether these factors differ for the realization of TH as [f] or [s].

In the paper ‘The symbolization of central approximants in the IPA’, Martin Ball and Joan Rahilly approach an interesting problem – the phonetic transcription of approximants other than the so-called semivowels. In the absence of special symbols in the IPA chart, they suggest that special characters should be used for the notation of approximant realizations made at the bilabial, dental, alveolar, lamino-postalveolar, palatal, velar, uvular and pharyngeal places of articulation. In their view, the introduction of new symbols should render those sounds comparable to other non-semivowel approximants for which special symbols are available, i.e., [ʋ] (labiodental), [ɹ] (apico-postalveolar) and [ɻ] (retroflex), while, at the same time, avoiding having to add the lowered diacritic to the voiced fricative symbols [β ðzʒ ʁ ʕ].

Sanskrit has a different writing system with the Indonesian language. Sanskrit uses Devanagari characters, while the Indonesian uses Latin script. Indonesian absorbs much vocabulary from other languages; one of them is from Sanskrit. Differences in sound system and writing system cause problems in absorption. The issue that arises is how to write words that absorbed it. The writing system in the absorption is often problematic when a language does not recognize the sound of the source language. Sanskrit recognizes certain sounds that do not exist in Indonesian. Differences writing system would also cause problems in the orthography. Orthographic problems in Sanskrit vocabulary absorption into the Indonesian language includes writing fricative sounds, retroflex, consonant aspire. labiodental /v/ and bilabial /w/, schwa (pepet), and anusuara.

Abstract. Pronunciation is essential in language learning; thus, English learners as a second language should strive for articulateness in sound patterns in English. This study aimed to determine the commonly mispronounced consonant sound of the Bachelor of Elementary Education students of the Visayas State University according to the manner and place of articulation. The instrument used in the study is the Golden-Fristoe Test of Articulation, which is composed of 44 words containing the different consonant sounds in English. The study results revealed that most consonant sounds misarticulated by the respondents were fricatives /z/, the nasal consonant sound /m/, the fricative sound /ð/, the affricate /dz/. With respect to the place of articulation, most consonant sounds misarticulated by the respondents concerning the place of articulation were alveolar /z/, the velar consonant sound /m/, the interdental sound /ð/, the post-alveolar /dz/. With these results, it is expected for the Filipino English language teachers to focus on teaching the alveolar and labiodental fricatives in teaching the consonant sounds because most students failed to articulate these sounds correctly.Keywords: English language, consonant sounds, pronunciationAbstrak. Pelafalan sangat penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Oleh karena itu, pelajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua harus berusaha keras untuk mengartikulasikan pola bunyi dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bunyi konsonan yang sering salah diucapkan pada mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Dasar Universitas Negeri Visayas menurut cara dan tempat artikulasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Golden-Fristoe Test of Articulation, yang terdiri atas 44 kata yang berisi bunyi konsonan yang berbeda dalam bahasa Inggris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bunyi konsonan yang paling banyak salah artikulasi oleh responden adalah bunyi konsonan / z /, bunyi konsonan nasal / m /, bunyi frikatif / ð /, afrikat / dz /. Sehubungan dengan tempat artikulasi, sebagian besar bunyi konsonan yang salah diartikulasikan oleh responden mengenai tempat artikulasi adalah alveolar / z /, bunyi konsonan velar / m /, bunyi interdental / ð /, post-alveolar / dz /. Dengan hasil tersebut diharapkan para pengajar bahasa Inggris Filipina dapat fokus dalam mengajarkan frikatif alveolar dan labiodental dalam mengajarkan bunyi konsonan karena sebagian besar siswa gagal mengucapkan bunyi tersebut dengan benar. Kata kunci: bahasa Inggris, bunyi konsonan, pelafalan

This paper documents historical labiodentalization to [f] in one subvariety of Faifi Arabic (FA), which has not been previously detailed. In this subvariety, spoken in southwestern Saudi Arabia, the sound cognate with the Classical Arabic voiced emphatic (i.e. pharyngealized) dental stop *dˤ (typically realized as [ðˤ] in many Saudi varieties) has the voiceless labiodental reflex [f], but only in root-initial position. Crucial to the understanding of this labiodentalization is that in areas adjacent to where FA is spoken, the pronunciation of historic /dˤ/ is a voiced emphatic lateral fricative [ɮˤ]. We posit that in older FA, *dˤ was pronounced as [ɮˤ]. A general dialect-specific root-initial devoicing (and depharyngealization) process then transformed [ɮˤ] to voiceless [ɬ], which was subsequently perceived as [f] by FA speakers due to perceptual similarity. This misperception of voiceless [ɬ] as [f] is made plausible by the fact that a voiceless lateral fricative was not part of the FA phoneme inventory, and, because of depharyngealization, it was susceptible to being reanalyzed as an allophone of a phoneme that was not pharyngealized. Referencing Honeybone (2016), we maintain that FA labiodentalization instantiates an endogenous (i.e. internally-motivated) regular (i.e. non-sporadic) sound change specific to root-initial position resulting from misperception.

The effects of consonantal context on vowel lipreading were assessed for 30 adults with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss who lipread videotape recordings of two female talkers. The stimuli were the vowels /i, I ,, U ,u/ in symmetric CVC form with the consonants /p,b,f,v,t,d,∫,g/ and in the asymmetric consonantal contexts /h/-V-/g/, /w/-V-/g/, /r/-V-/g/. Analyses of the confusion matrices from each talker indicated that vowel intelligibility was significantly poorer in most contexts involving highly visible consonants, although the utterances of one talker were highly intelligible in the bilabial context. Among the visible contexts, the fricative and labiodental contexts in particular produced the lowest vowel intelligibility regardless of talker. Lax vowels were consistently more difficult to perceive than tense vowels. Implications for talker selection and refinement of the concept of viseme were drawn.

The paper investigates the pronunciation of the labiodental fricative [v] and the labial-velar approximant [w] in the word-initial position in English utterances by Slovak speakers. The objective of the study is to explore which of the two consonants appear to be more problematic for Slovak learners of English. 40 students from a Slovak university produced spontaneous monologues in English, which were recorded using a computer and a standard microphone. Afterwards, two native English speakers conducted a subjective auditory analysis in an attempt to identify errors in the subjects’ pronunciation. The results demonstrate that Slovak learners of English frequently encounter difficulties in pronouncing the two consonants, sometimes substituting [v] for [w] and vice versa. The data obtained indicate that the subjects were beset with problems mispronouncing the two sounds to almost the same degree. Possible causes of the erroneous pronunciation seem to involve native language interference, devoting extra effort to approach authentic English pronunciation, and the neglect of pronunciation instruction.

<p>La proximidad de las consonantes [f`] y [^] desde un punto de vista perceptivo y su semejanza espectral provocó la investigación de los sonidos ptivo adyacentes con el fin de descubrir claves acústicas que marcaran diferencias relevantes entre estas dos fricativas. La atención se centró, en concreto, en las transiciones formánticas. Se analizaron, por tanto, la dirección de los desplazamientos de los tres primeros formantes de las cinco vocales del castellano, su extensión en la escala de frecuencias y su duración, cuando aparecen en contacto con las fricativas dental y labiodental en las estructuras silábicas CV, VCV y VC. Los resultados de los experimentos pusieron de manifiesto la clara incidencia de distintas variables Corno «informante» y «posición», así como la divergencia entre las dos fricativas en lo que se refiere a las transiciones, en especial, a las del F2 de las vocales abocinadas. Este hecho se puede considerar un índice acústico de suma importancia ya que revela un punto o lugar de articulación diferente de las dos fricativas analizadas.</p><p>The fact that [f] and [^] are very close to each other perceptually and show a similar spectrum led to an investigation of the adjacent vowels in order to fincl out any acoustic cues which would reveal clear differences between these two consonantal sounds. Attention was focussed, therefore, on the vocalic transitions. The direction of the three first formant movements of the five Spanish vowels was studied, along with their size on the frequency scale and their duration, when these vowels appear in context with the labiodental and dental fricativos in the syllabic structures CV, VCV y VC. The results of the experiments showed the clear influence of certain variables, such as 'the informant' and 'the position'; they also demonstrated that distinct transitions (in particular the F2 transitions of the rounded vowels) viere caused by these two consonants. These results may be considerad as an important acoustic cue, in so far as they determine distinct places of articulation in the two fricativas analized.</p>

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a troca das fricativas vozeadas labiodental [v], alveolar [z] e palatal [ʒ] pela fricativa glotal [ɦ], processo chamado de posteriorização ou lenição, na variedade praticada Alagoas. Tendo como sustentação e metodologia a Sociolinguística Variacionista, mensuramos a influência de fatores linguísticos, basicamente o contexto fonológico posterior, e extralinguísticos, como o sexo, idade, escolaridade, profissão, local de nascimento e de moradia, para a ocorrência da posteriorização, visando traçar um perfil sociolinguístico do falante que pratica essa variedade em Alagoas. O corpus foi composto a partir da transcrição da fala de seis informantes, sendo três homens e três mulheres, obtido a partir de respostas a um questionário e da leitura direcionada realizada pelos seis informantes. As discussões dos resultados, incipientes, mostram que a nasalização influencia na posteriorização, havendo tendência maior desse fenômeno ocorrer em pessoas do sexo masculino, nascidas e criadas na zona rural. Tal estudo, entretanto, por seu caráter pioneiro e devido à limitação de seu corpus, pode servir de ponto inicial para pesquisas mais abrangentes.

The contrast between bilabial and labiodental fricatives is comparatively rare in the world's languages. In his survey of 317 languages Maddieson (1984) notes only one that has the full set of voiced and voiceless sounds [φ, β, f, v], and only four other languages that contrast just the voiced pair. There is no doubt that these contrasts do occur, and that phonologists such as Sagey (1986) are wrong in neglecting to provide for them. This note will provide further particulars of the contrast in languages in which it has not been so well documented in the general linguistic literature. It will also suggest that this contrast may not be made in the same way in all languages, and discuss the implications for the IPA and for theories of phonetic description.

Este artículo de investigación analiza la variación de la voz anterior fricativa fonema / f / en dos sociolectos diferentes de San José, el discurso estándar y no estándar. La probabilidad de este ser de fonemas, de una forma general, bilabial en español antiguo y en las clases sociales menos educados de una gran parte de América es tratada dentro del estudio, incorporando también el supuesto de que la educación formal ha influido en el uso predominante de la variante labiodental.

This study investigates the link between the perception and production in sound change in progress, both at the regional and the individual level. Two devoicing processes showing regional variation in Dutch are studied: the devoicing of initial labiodental fricatives and of initial bilabial stops. Five regions were selected, to represent different stages of change in progress. For each region, 20 participants took part in production (Study 1) and perception (Study 2) experiments. First, the results of the production tasks give additional insight in the regional and individual patterns of sound change. Second, the regional perceptual patterns in fricatives match the differences in production: perception is the most categorical in regions where the devoicing process is starting, and the least categorical in regions where the process of devoicing is almost completed. Finally, a clear link is observed between the production and perception systems undergoing sound change at the individual level. Changes in the perceptual system seem to precede changes in production. However, at the sound change completion, perception lags behind: individuals still perceive a contrast they no longer produce.

Este artículo presenta los fonemas segmentales y respectivas realizaciones alofónicas del mapudungun hablado en Lonquimay, región de La Araucanía, Chile. Es una investigación de carácter descriptivo, realizada de acuerdo con el formato estándar del descriptivismo norteamericano. Se contó con el apoyo de doce hablantes adultos, bilingües de mapudungun-castellano. Se realizó un registro de audio y visual con apoyo externo. El instrumento utilizado fue una lista léxica ad hoc que permitió determinar los fonemas, variantes alofónicas y diferencias que se pueden establecer con el mapuche central y el pehuenche del Alto Bío-Bío. Los resultados más prominentes fueron: el estatus fonológico de las interdentales , y y el fono ; el predominio de las realizaciones sonoras de las consonantes fricativa labiodental e interdental; el estatus de [∫] como alófono de /t∫/, y la escasa presencia de interferencias atribuibles al español.

O volume 22, n.º 1, da revista Filologia e Linguística Portuguesa, que ora vem a público, traz artigos sobre diferentes campos de interesse no âmbito da Filologia e da Linguística. Os temas abordados distribuem-se por campos tão diversos como a crítica textual, a gramática histórica, a sociolinguística, a morfossintaxe, a análise do discurso e a historiografia linguística.
 O volume abre-se com o artigo intitulado O caderno Harmonielehre | III | Skizzen e a primeira campanha de escrita de Os Degraus do Parnaso, de M. S. Lourenço. O autor, João Dionísio, parte da crítica textual prescritiva e descritiva para refletir sobre o processo de escrita e de revisão, em uma abordagem conjugada da empaginação e dos instrumentos escriptórios. O testemunho analisado é um caderno que conserva as primeiras redações de nove ensaios integrados em Os Degraus do Parnaso, que constitui a obra mais conhecida do escritor e filósofo português M. S. Lourenço (1936-2009).
 Na sequência, o artigo de Marcos Martinho apresenta Lições sobre a sintaxe histórica do infinitivo português: infinitivo subjetivo, adnominal, preposicional, substantivado. O autor expõe a sintaxe histórica do infinitivo subjetivo, adnominal, preposicional e substantivado do português, a partir da sintaxe histórica do infinitivo latino. Além de fazer uma minuciosa exposição histórica dos diferentes tipos de infinitivo, o autor trata, em particular, do modo como essas espécies de infinitivo são empregadas no latim e no português escrito.
 O terceiro artigo do volume examina as Variantes sociolinguísticas e a posteriorização das fricativas vozeadas em Alagoas. As autoras, Eliane Vitorino de Moura Oliveira e Marcleya Thaynara Ribeiro dos Santos, estudam a troca das fricativas vozeadas labiodental [v], alveolar [z] e palatal [ʒ] pela fricativa glotal [ɦ] na variedade do português praticado em Alagoas. Com base na Sociolinguística Variacionista, analisa-se a influência de fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos na ocorrência da posteriorização das fricativas vozeadas labiodental [v], alveolar [z] e palatal [ʒ], para a fricativa glotal [ɦ]. O objetivo é traçar um perfil sociolinguístico do falante que pratica essa variedade em Alagoas. Os resultados mostram que a nasalização influencia a posteriorização e que há tendência maior de o fenômeno ocorrer na fala de pessoas do sexo masculino, nascidas e criadas na zona rural.
 Por meio de Um estudo construcional da microconstrução intensificadora “[[x] pra caramba]” no português brasileiro, Ana Ligia Scaldelai Salles e Edson Rosa Francisco de Souza analisam, com base nos pressupostos teóricos da abordagem construcional, a microconstrução intensificadora [[X] pra caramba], no português brasileiro. Os autores afirmam que a função desse tipo de microconstrução é expressar uma ideia de encarecimento acerca de algo, que ultrapassa os limites do que é considerado típico ou não excessivo pelo falante. Em uma perspectiva histórica, os autores verificam que essa microconstrução emerge na língua no século XX e torna-se bastante produtiva no português, e, portanto, mais esquemática, a ponto de atrair outras microconstruções intensificadoras menos prototípicas.
 Em Ocorrências de anáforas encapsuladoras em redações do Enem, Roberlei Alves Bertucci, Andréa Jacqueline Malheiros e Wanderlei de Souza Lopes verificam como as anáforas encapsuladoras são utilizadas como rótulos avaliativos no gênero redação do Enem. Segundo afirmam os autores, a análise realizada corrobora a ideia de que as anáforas examinadas são essenciais para a coesão do texto e, no caso do gênero redação do Enem, são essenciais também para o direcionamento argumentativo do texto.
 No artigo intitulado Discourse markers in English and European Portuguese translations: establishing functional equivalents and types of omission, Milana A. Morozova examina alguns marcadores discursivos em inglês, com base em traduções de um corpus paralelo bidirecional inglês-português. A análise das traduções estabelece equivalentes funcionais de MDs do inglês para o português europeu e procura abordar o fenômeno de omissão de MDs frequentemente observado em traduções do ponto de vista empírico e não teórico. A análise do corpus resultou na identificação de três tipos mais comuns de omissão.
 Conclui a seção de artigos deste volume o estudo intitulado As ideias linguísticas e pedagógicas da primeira gramática feminina em Portugal (Francisca de Chantal Álvares, 1786), da autoria de Lívia de Melo. O artigo apresenta a gramática intitulada Breve Compendio da Gramatica Portugueza, para o uso das Meninas que se educaõ no Mosteiro da Vizitaçaõ de Lisboa, por huma Religioza do mesmo Mosteiro, que data de 1786 e cuja autoria foi atribuída a Francisca de Chantal Álvares. Sob a perspectiva da Historiografia Linguística, faz-se uma descrição esquemática da obra. A obra foi produzida para servir de apoio didático na primeira instituição de ensino feminino em Portugal, sendo a primeira gramática portuguesa escrita por uma mulher. Há evidências de que uma das suas principais fontes tenha sido a Arte da Grammatica da Lingua Portugueza, de Reis Lobato (1770).
 Na seção de resenhas deste volume, Marcelo Modolo e Fábio Garcia Dias analisam o Dicionário Infernal: repertório universal, de Jacques Albin Simon Collin de Plancy, publicado pela Edusp em 2019.

Orthodontists correct dental malocclusion, but major facial skeleton deformations (skeletal malocclusion) are often subject to surgical correction. Several speech pathologies are associated with both of the occlusal anomalies mentioned above. The majority of articulation disorders and primary functions cannot be improved without skeletal correction. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of the multimodal and logopaedics treatment of Polish adults affected by skeletal malocclusion and speech-language pathology. A total of 37 adults affected by skeletal Class II and III malocclusion were included, along with the relationship between the malocclusion and speech deficiency (20 phonemes tested) in the subjects before and after surgical correction. The impact of surgery on pronunciation improvement and types of Polish phonemes most often misarticulated by Polish adults were also examined. Patients underwent combined treatment and received a full speech pathology examination. The treatment improved speech (p < 0.05), but the study did not prove that a specific surgery type was associated with pronunciation improvement. Some patients were provided with speech therapy during childhood, yet most had some minor difficulties with lip and tongue movements. Palatal, alveolar (p < 0.05), fricatives (p < 0.05), and labiodental consonant pronunciation (p < 0.05) improved. The surgical correction of malocclusion leads to better articulation of Polish consonants in adults and improves some primary functions.

Abstract Natural speech is processed in the brain as a mixture of auditory and visual features. An example of the importance of visual speech is the McGurk effect and related perceptual illusions that result from mismatching auditory and visual syllables. Although the McGurk effect has widely been applied to the exploration of audio-visual speech processing, it relies on isolated syllables, which severely limits the conclusions that can be drawn from the paradigm. In addition, the extreme variability and the quality of the stimuli usually employed prevents comparability across studies. To overcome these limitations, we present an innovative methodology using 3D virtual characters with realistic lip movements synchronized on computer-synthesized speech. We used commercially accessible and affordable tools to facilitate reproducibility and comparability, and the set-up was validated on 24 participants performing a perception task. Within complete and meaningful French sentences, we paired a labiodental fricative viseme (i.e. /v/) with a bilabial occlusive phoneme (i.e. /b/). This audiovisual mismatch is known to induce the illusion of hearing /v/ in a proportion of trials. We tested the rate of the illusion while varying the magnitude of background noise and audiovisual lag. Overall, the effect was observed in 40% of trials. The proportion rose to about 50% with added background noise and up to 66% when controlling for phonetic features. Our results conclusively demonstrate that computer-generated speech stimuli are judicious, and that they can supplement natural speech with higher control over stimulus timing and content.

AbstractWhile the role of auditory saliency is well accepted as providing insight into the shaping of phonological systems, the influence of visual saliency on such systems has been neglected. This paper provides evidence for the importance of visual information in historical phonological change and synchronic variation through a series of audio-visual experiments with the /f/∼/θ/ contrast. /θ/ is typologically rare, an atypical target in sound change, acquired comparatively late, and synchronically variable in language inventories. Previous explanations for these patterns have focused on either the articulatory difficulty of an interdental tongue gesture or the perceptual similarity /θ/ shares with labiodental fricatives. We hypothesize that the bias is due to an asymmetry in audio-visual phonetic cues and cue variability within and across talkers. Support for this hypothesis comes from a speech perception study that explored the weighting of audio and visual cues for /f/ and /θ/ identification in CV, VC, and VCV syllabic environments in /i/, /a/, or /u/ vowel contexts in Audio, Visual, and Audio-Visual experimental conditions using stimuli from ten different talkers. The results indicate that /θ/ is more variable than /f/, both in Audio and Visual conditions. We propose that it is this variability which contributes to the unstable nature of /θ/ across time and offers an improved explanation for the observed synchronic and diachronic asymmetries in its patterning.