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1
Shovkhalov, Sh A. "Islamic Economics’ Perspective on Labor Relations." Entrepreneur’s Guide 14, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2021-14-3-179-185.
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The situation when employees are not paid wages is more common nowadays, and labor conflicts are mainly related to this. In the Islamic economy, wage arrears and all issues related to it are of fundamental importance, since the relationship between the manager and employees is much closer than with counterparties or creditors. In addition, there are specific aspects that should be taken into account when analyzing these kinds of questions. The purpose of this article is to explore the Islamic economics view of labor relations.
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Mokrousova, Daria I., and Maria A. Pokusaenko. "Gender-Specific Aspects of Precariat." Journal of Economic Regulation 11, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2020.11.4.132-144.
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One of the most vulnerable groups presented in precariat in addition to graduate students are women. Thanks to the importance of their social role as mother women are forced to enter into non-stable, short- term employment relationships with lower remuneration and lower level of career opportunities than man have. Relevance of this problem is often demonstrated in Mass media, in research and discussions of such important global institutions as World Bank, International Labor Organization, The World Economic Forum. These organizations also provide us with important statistical data about gender discrimination around the world including preparation of annual reports such as Women, Business and The Law and also the preparation of indexes of gender equality. This data enables to evaluate the level of gender equality in the labor market around the world and estimate the peculiarities of different countries in sphere of legislative regulation of gender discrimination. The analysis of these laws and other limitations will help us to identify main obstacles that prevent women to work at the same jobs and the same positions as men do and as a consequence to influence women’s choice in favour of unstable or precarious job positions.
3
Mokrousova, Daria I., and Maria A. Pokusaenko. "Gender-Specific Aspects of Precariat." Journal of Economic Regulation 11, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2078-5429.2020.11.4.132-144.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most vulnerable groups presented in precariat in addition to graduate students are women. Thanks to the importance of their social role as mother women are forced to enter into non-stable, short- term employment relationships with lower remuneration and lower level of career opportunities than man have. Relevance of this problem is often demonstrated in Mass media, in research and discussions of such important global institutions as World Bank, International Labor Organization, The World Economic Forum. These organizations also provide us with important statistical data about gender discrimination around the world including preparation of annual reports such as Women, Business and The Law and also the preparation of indexes of gender equality. This data enables to evaluate the level of gender equality in the labor market around the world and estimate the peculiarities of different countries in sphere of legislative regulation of gender discrimination. The analysis of these laws and other limitations will help us to identify main obstacles that prevent women to work at the same jobs and the same positions as men do and as a consequence to influence women’s choice in favour of unstable or precarious job positions.
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POTEMKIN, Leonid, and Antonina POTEMKINA. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-27.
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Introduction. The article discusses the most pressing scientific issues, basic economic laws and concepts that affect the process of management and motivation of hired personnel, based on the position of increasing the efficiency of agricultural enterprises functioning. Results. In modern conditions, interests between the actual owners of enterprises and operating personnel have sharpened. The first strive to maximize profits. To do this, they use official, and mainly shadow income. In the second category, they apply simple management methods (dismissal from work, violation of labor laws, payment of salaries in envelopes, etc.). In this situation, it is necessary to clearly monitor the actions of the owners. It is advisable to assign this function to the personnel of the enterprise and trade union bodies. Conclusions. The relationship process of the concepts of expanded market production, distribution by labor and the cost of agricultural products, as well as labor prices is considered. The article proves that the interconnection of the concepts of value and labor regulation is reduced to free pricing and acceleration of the cash flow rate. Effective organization of the personnel management process reduces the cost of production and products sales and, automatically, increases the income of the owner. Therefore, it becomes possible to form motivation funds and accrue dividends. In the article, the authors substantiate the opinion that the interaction level of the concept of distribution according to work and the law of value is due to their essence and manifestation form in specific economic reality. The distribution process can be based on a specific or abstract work, as well as their combination. There is no consensus among economists on this issue. Key words: economic laws, concepts, industrial enterprises, factors, interconnection, material motivation, employees, employees, management.
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Dobrydnev, S. I., and T. S. Dobrydneva. "APPLYING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR MODEL TO THE STUFF LABOR MOTIVATION." Economics Profession Business, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202121.
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The article appeals to the problem of designing motivation model for the labor behavior of company stuff. Human behavior is one of the key areas of research in many fields of knowledge. The main forms of human behavior in economics are consumer and labor behavior. For each of them, extensive theoretical and practical material has been developed, a significant variety of behaviors has been proposed. Moreover, in the absence of general models of human behavior that would be applicable in any field of his activity, each science develops its own methodological apparatus and builds models based on its own approaches. Models of consumer behavior describe a clearly defined object (purchasing act), are specific and practically oriented. Patterns of labour behaviour are more general and relate to conduct in general, but not to a specific act of activity. The article attempts to apply the principles of building models of consumer behavior to modeling labor behavior. The model of type “Definition of target actions — Stimulus selection — Information and desire — Choice and location — Check and preference — Confirmation and relation” is proposed. The content of these stages for the task of changing labor behavior is shown. A methodological feature of the model is the isolation of rational and emotional aspects in some elements of labor behavior.
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Ryazanova, G. "The influence of classical philosophy on the transformation of economics and economic institutions." Entrepreneur’s Guide 13, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2020-13-4-268-278.
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The author reveals the connection between philosophical and economic thought in the classical period. The influence of philosophy on political and economic aspects of national economy development in the pre–scientific and scientific periods is revealed. The features of philosophical and worldview concepts of classicism that reflect the specifics of the era are indicated. The analysis of the relationship between classical philosophy and Economics has shown the influence of spiritual and moral aspects of the epoch, transcendentalism, rationalism, and a apriorism on economic theories based on the mechanistic paradigm, the logic of economic laws, and clear and unambiguous provisions for the formation and development of economic institutions. A model is presented that reveals the interaction of economic institutions from the position of classical philosophy in terms of the individualistic concept of behavior of classical economic agents, the Institute of labor resources as the basis of value and wealth, balance as a key element of the self–regulating order and distribution of economic benefits, and other aspects.
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FENOALTEA, STEFANO. "Peeking Backward: Regional Aspects of Industrial Growth in Post-Unification Italy." Journal of Economic History 63, no. 4 (December 2003): 1059–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703002535.
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The new sectoral estimates of industrial production in 1871, 1881, 1901, and 1911 are regionally allocated using census labor-force data. The regional aggregates suggest that the “industrial triangle” emerged over these decades out of a traditional surplus-recycling economy. The concomitant change in the industrial rankings argues against attributing the regions' different paths to their different initial conditions; surprisingly, too, overall growth does not seem closely tied to industrial development. The disaggregated estimates suggest in turn that the industrial structure of the various regions remained relatively similar, as if comparative advantages were generically industrial rather than sector-specific.
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Bielova, Alla, Nataliia Zhuravska, Gheorghij Olijnyk, Svetlana Koval, and Alona Kochedykova. "Labor market: problematic aspects of informal employment in Ukraine." SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196706005.
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The subject of the article is the study of specific problems of informal employment of people in the labor market of Ukraine by analyzing the statistical estimation of dynamics and structure of some indicators in 2015 and 2017. The study used general scientific and special statistical methods: analysis of dynamics and synthesis, analogy and comparison, expert assessments, etc. On the basis of the study of the numerical characteristics of the main indicators of the labor market, an analysis of certain aspects of the problems of the informal sector in the field of employment and unemployment in Ukraine was conducted, as well as the main prospects for their possible future solution in the modern economic conditions. It is determined that coordination of efforts of the authorities at all levels in the implementation of the employment policy and reduction of its shadowing scale is impossible without a scientifically based comprehensive national program for promoting employment aimed at ensuring a balanced supply and demand for labor in the labor market.
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Stasiuk, Andriy. "THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE ECONOMY ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE." Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2022-2-3.
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The need to study the consequences of international migration processes is urgent for Ukraine, which is the general purpose of this work. The purpose of this work is to generalize theoretical approaches to the study of methods of analysis of the impact of international migration processes on the economy of the state, to study specific aspects of the impact on the economy of Ukraine. Despite the fact that the theoretical base, although present, cannot fully reveal all the aspects presented in the work, there is a need to use a significant methodological apparatus. The methods of induction, deduction, synthesis and analysis, comparison, historical retrospective, economic-mathematical analysis, graphic method for visual presentation of the results were used to write this research. The object of research in this paper is actually the processes of international labor migrations at the current stage of development. The subject of research in this paper is the economic aspect of the consequences of international labor migration for the economy of the country in the conditions of globalization. The practical significance of the article is to study the impact of international migration processes on the economy of Ukraine. The bottom line is that similar works were mainly aimed at studying the effects of individual factors that shape international migration processes or at the limited economies of individual countries that have their own characteristics and, accordingly, such conclusions cannot be extrapolated to absolutely all world economy. Value/originality lies in the fact that the article analyzed applied aspects of the impact of international migration processes on the economy of Ukraine. As a result of the study, key aspects of the positive and negative impact of international migration processes on the economic development of countries were analyzed. It was found that despite the presence of positive aspects of the impact of migration in the overall result, the labor donor country still loses. And on the example of Ukraine, we found that as a result of migration, the Ukrainian economy still loses.
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Hoffmann, Eran B., Davide Malacrino, and Luigi Pistaferri. "Earnings dynamics and labor market reforms: The Italian case." Quantitative Economics 13, no. 4 (2022): 1637–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1865.
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This paper summarizes statistics on the key aspects of the distribution of earnings levels and earnings changes using administrative (social security) data from Italy between 1985 and 2016. During the time covered by our data, earnings inequality and earnings volatility increased, while earnings mobility did not change significantly. We connect these trends with some salient facts about the Italian labor market, in particular the labor market reforms of the 1990s and 2000s, which induced a substantial rise in fixed‐term and part‐time employment. The rise in part‐time work explains much of the rise in earnings inequality, while the rise in fixed‐term contracts explains much of the rise in volatility. Both of these trends affect the earnings distribution through hours worked: part‐time jobs reduce hours worked within a week, while fixed‐term contracts reduce the number of weeks worked during the year as well as increase their volatility. We only find weak evidence that fixed‐term contracts represent a “stepping‐stone” to permanent employment. Finally, we offer suggestive evidence that the labor market reforms contributed to the slowdown in labor productivity in Italy by delaying human capital accumulation (in the form of general and firm‐specific experience) of recent cohorts.
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ALIMKHANOVA, Samal K. "Legal Aspects of Harmonization of Labor Legislation of Kazakhstan and the Eurasian Economic Union Countries (EAEU)." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 4 (June 15, 2020): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.4(50).01.
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The issues of legal aspects of harmonization of labor legislation of Kazakhstan and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) are investigated. The urgency of the issue under consideration is determined by the further necessity to bring into a harmonious combination the legal aspects of the legislation of Kazakhstan and the states that are members of the EAEU. Harmonization in the legal field involves the development of a unification of the laws of the above states in the field of labor relations. To maintain a coherent policy in the field of social and labor relations in Kazakhstan and the countries included in the EAEU, the foundations of labor legislations have been developed. But, at the moment, they are advisory in nature, while the harmonization of labor legislations in the legal field requires the approval of the adopted legislative acts of these states in this area. In this regard, a search is being made for recommendations on the harmonization of the legal aspects of the issue under study regarding Kazakhstan and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The leading approach to the study of this issue is to evaluate the current legal standards of these countries in the field of labor law and identify ways for their further integration in this direction. The prospects for research in this direction are determined by the possibility of assessing the realism of harmonizing the labor legislations of Kazakhstan and the countries, members (EAEU), which will favorably affect the further integration of Kazakhstan into the legal framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. The applied value of this study is to identify the prospects for the development of labor laws of Kazakhstan and the countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in order to determine specific measures for the integration of labor legislation of Kazakhstan in the legal field of the EAEU in the future.
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Honcharenko, Oksana, and Anastasia Zemliana. "ONTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT INNOVATIVE FORMS OF BUSINESS IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY." ECONOMIC BULLETIN OF THE DNIPROVSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY 1, no. 2(3) (April 12, 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2709-2879.2021iss2(3).254819pp7-13.
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The imperatives of global transformations of the world economy and the specific features of the national economy in the context of the formation of innovative forms of business and activation of the innovation process are substantiated; The evolutionary determinants of the digital transformation of the social economy are determined and the directions of modernization transformations of the economy of Ukraine are argued; The sectoral features of the national economy in the context of modernization changes and implementation of global trends are stated; The importance of the study of institutional factors of economic dynamics and regulatory influences of the institutional mechanism in the implementation of innovation development is focused. It has been established that modern changes in the global economy and digital transformations of national farms take place at different pace in sectoral and sectoral segments, but are based on objective processes of deepening and distribution of labor, distribution of integration and innovation. New forms of labor organization, which are mainly based on network ties and interactions, contributed to the spread of services and its innovation segment, which turned out to increase volumes of operations under outsourcing, outstafing, freelance. The rapid growth of IT outsourcing is stated, in particular in the field of cloud computing, bots development of chatting bots, blockchain technology, use of artificial intelligence and automated training.
It is accented that the dissemination of innovative forms of business in the national economy do not contribute to the formed institutional and evolutionary restrictions. Specific evolutionary restrictions for innovative changes in the national economy began a scale of technological lag of key industries and economics as a whole, the influence of the shadow economy and formed institutional "traps" in key areas, crisis economic, social, political factors. Institutional problems are due to the inefficiency of basic institutions, which are formed by the basis for economic interactions (market, economy, competition) and the lack of effective instruments and forms of budgetary tax and monetary regulation. Theoretical and methodological provisions deepen the practical principles of institutional regulation and ensuring the innovative development of the national economy and innovative forms of business organization.
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Zangger, Christoph, Janine Widmer, and Sandra Gilgen. "Work, Childcare, or Both? Experimental Evidence on the Efficacy of Childcare Subsidies in Raising Parental Labor Supply." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 42, no. 3 (January 12, 2021): 449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09749-x.
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AbstractAs a policy tool aimed at raising parental labor supply, childcare subsidies come with high expectations. Using data from a factorial survey conducted in the City of Bern, Switzerland, we examine whether childcare subsidies reach their goal. Because of the simultaneity of the decision to take up a job and arranging childcare, we experimentally alter hypothetical income (e.g., gross earnings from a job, income from other sources) as well as aspects of the childcare setting including subsidy levels. Using an alternative-specific conditional logit model, we show that subsidies have the expected effect of increasing parents’ labor supply. Moreover, the results from simulations based on the estimated utility function show that varying subsidy levels have different effects on subgroups of parents. Subsidies are especially efficient in raising the labor supply of low-status parents, and especially for women. We also find that subsidies already have the desired effect at 25% of total childcare costs and that the marginal utility of higher subsidy levels decreases beyond that threshold. Subsidies covering 25% of the total costs for childcare lead to an approximately 2 h per week increase in the labor supply of women.
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Basu, Susanto, and Alan M. Taylor. "Business Cycles in International Historical Perspective." Journal of Economic Perspectives 13, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.13.2.45.
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This paper examines business cycles theoretically and empirically, with a quantitative study based on data for a cross section of countries. Theoretical concerns indicate that the properties of business cycle models depend not only on important structural aspects of the model, such as money neutrality, labor market structure, and price adjustment, but also on the closure of the model in international markets. Econometric considerations suggest that panel data can provide more information about the country-specific versus universal features of cycles. The authors review business cycle properties in a sample of over a dozen counties in light of these issues.
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Vishnevskaya, N. "Job and Worker Flows." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2015): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-10-62-76.
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Current economic literature demonstrates an increasing interest to the process of job’s creation and destruction as well to labor force turnover. The article summarizes the results of recent foreign theoretical and empirical research on various aspects of labor mobility. Particular attention is paid to the research analyzing differences in dynamics of labor and job reallocations in developed and transitional economies. The cross-country comparative analysis provide a basis for several important conclusions. Firstly, despite significant cross-country differences the dynamics of job reallocation in economies under transition exceeds on the whole those in developed countries. Secondly, the structure of the economy (manufacturing sector versus services) is one of the main factors determining both job and worker flows. Thirdly, there is an opposite relationship between the dynamics of job turnover and the size of enterprise. Small firms play a very important role in job creation, while large firms dominate in absolute numbers of jobs created. Fourthly, among the factors determining the differences in job and labor force dynamics institutional characteristics occupy an important place. This suggests that country-specific policies and institutions are likely to play an important role in determining the level of job and worker reallocation. Stringent employment protection for regular contracts is believed to have a statistically significant negative effect on the workers’ reallocation. Unemployment benefits’ generosity appears to have a positive impact on average gross worker flows. By contrast, statutory minimum wages do not seem to have any sizeable effect on gross worker flows.
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Korablina, Olga, and Elmira Baybekova. "Legal Aspects of the Labor Migration Regulation in the Social Security System of the Caspian Region Countries." Legal Concept, no. 3 (October 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2022.3.10.
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Introduction: the problem of labor migration is one of the most important problems in the social policy of any state. Taking into account the pace of globalization and the development of modern information and communication technologies, it is necessary to perceive the new reality by taking optimal regulatory measures. In the countries of the Caspian region, labor migration has specific features. This problem is closely connected with the solution of important socio-economic tasks of the territory’s development, which is only possible through an integrated approach and the improvement of modernization in these states. In the paper, the authors have analyzed the current information on the problem of labor migration within the framework of the social security development system in the Caspian region countries. The purpose of the research is to study the processes of labor migration, its specifics and features in the states of the Caspian region, taking into account current developments, recent trends in the social policy development in the peripheral territories. Methods: when writing the paper, the authors used the theoretical basis from the scientific works of Russian scientists, and also performed an analysis of relevant information using the general scientific and special methods, comparative law, systemic and many others. Results: to meet the needs of citizens within the framework of the socio-economic policy of the countries, it is necessary to take measures and carry out activities that have a positive impact on solving the problems of labor migration in the countries of the Caspian region. At the same time, it should be noted that the migration policy of each state is regulated by the legislative and regulatory acts. There is a need to develop cluster projects, whose advantage is undoubtedly the possibility of optimal allocation of labor resources to use innovative opportunities to fully solve migration problems. Conclusions: it is important to provide the Caspian region citizens with additional decently paid jobs. Migration problems are now decisive in the socio-economic policy of any state, which is due to geopolitical, demographic and other factors characterizing modernization processes in the peripheral territories. Strengthening the role of the state in regulating the processes of labor migration would speed up the pace of solving this problem, as well as, which is not least importantly, eliminate the differences in the socio-economic level of development of particular territorial areas.
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Lebedevich, M. V. "Industrial and economic competition as an economic form of labor motivation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 66, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2021-66-1-109-116.
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The article discusses the concept of “competitiveness” in various aspects of the life of society. It was revealed in the course of the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists that the competitiveness was actively used and is used in the economy, in particular, as a tool to stimulate labor in the form of competitions. As economic forms of competition, one can single out: labor competition, economic competition, production competition, socialist competition. The characteristic features and disadvantages of each of the forms are noted. The author of the article, taking into account the peculiarities of each of the economic forms of competition, substantiates the necessity of introducing a new form – industrial and economic competition, gives his own definition of the term “industrial and economic competition”, adapted to the Belarusian economic system. It is noted that holding industrial and economic competitions is an effective mechanism in stimulating the labor of workers and increasing labor productivity in general. The principles of holding production and economic competitions are stated, the mechanism of holding is described. It is concluded that competitiveness, as a specific personality trait, is an effective tool for stimulating labor, and in terms of production activity, it is advisable to introduce and apply a system of industrial and economic competition, which will be maximally adaptive to the production conditions of the modern Belarusian economy and will become a powerful catalyst for increasing labor productivity.
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BOIKIVSKA, GALYNA, SVITLANA HLADUN, and OLGA KUTNIA. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH OF EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (June 2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-6.
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The article examines the problems of employment of persons with disabilities and the peculiarities of regulatory and legal support in the field of regulation of employment of persons with disabilities. The employment rate of people with disabilities is a priority for a good life and an important indicator that gives them the right to feel like full members of society and get a positive impact on their psychological state. The concepts of state policy in the field of employment regulation of persons with disabilities are analyzed. The accumulated international and domestic experience shows that the effective solution of these problems is possible only within the model in which the political goals of the state, legal, economic, organizational and scientific skills, components of the social protection of persons with disabilities are pensions, state social insurance, state social insurance. support, system of benefits and compensations. Ukraine only at the first stage to inclusive development Inclusive development is based on the distribution of welfare, elimination of discrimination and participation of all labor resources, which provides a high standard of living for the majority of the population. Approaches to the definition of the terms “disability” and “persons with disabilities” in the legislation of different countries are systematized. Domestic legislation provides for a number of economic levers of influence on enterprises, institutions, organizations that use hired labor, in order to ensure employment of this category of citizens. The main problems of employment of people with disabilities and ways to overcome them are identified. Integrating people with disabilities into the labor market is a complex multilateral process that requires each country to find a specific combination of measures and funding opportunities. Successful implementation of measures is essential to create a comprehensive labor market with equal opportunities for all members of society.
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Oh, Jinseok, and Howard Kahm. "Selling Smiles: Emotional Labor and Labor-Management Relations in 1930s Colonial Korean Department Stores." Journal of Korean Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-4339044.
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Abstract Department stores were the most luxurious retail institutions in colonial Korea in terms of their architecture, interior design, and product offerings. While Korean department stores closely resembled their Western and Japanese counterparts in form and function, the Korean department stores were unique for their position in developing retail practices and policies within a colonial context. Specifically, department stores hired young female workers to provide emotional labor to both customers and managers, which illustrated the transition from precapitalist to capitalist modes of emotional labor. Furthermore, the creation of a corporate culture and employee training programs that demanded a specific type of emotional labor resulted in various reactions from the employees, including complaints, criminal acts and violence, and the rise of class and political consciousness. Consequently, the evolution of labor-management relations in 1930s Korean department stores offers a gendered perspective on the economic and cultural aspects of Japanese control over life on the Korean peninsula, particularly through the bottom-up view of female department store workers.
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BAXTER, MARIANNE. "Social Security as a financial asset: gender-specific risks and returns." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747201001044.
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Social Security is a financial asset whose ‘purchase’ is compulsory for most working individuals. This paper shows that the return on Social Security during the individual's working lifetime is related to the rate of change of aggregate labor income. If an individual's labor income is strongly related to aggregate labor income, then the Social Security asset is a particularly unattractive asset. In this situation, the individual would benefit from a reformed Social Security system that would permit investment of retirement funds in other financial assets. This paper investigates how this aspect of Social Security risk varies across groups of individuals who differ according to gender; education; race; and age. The main finding is that there are important differences across groups in this component of Social Security risk, as captured by the sensitivity of individual-level income growth to changes in the SSWI. This element of risk is most important for women, especially women who are young-to-middle aged and with more education. This analysis suggests that women would have more to gain, compared with men, from a reformed Social Security system.
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Zobov, P. V., and M. V. Erkhova. "Labor remuneration for higher education teachers: economic and legal issues of incentive and compensation payments." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 12 (February 2, 2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-12-109-116.
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The article considers the regulatory mechanism of remuneration of teachers, the specifics of the economic component of remuneration in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. The fundamental differences between economics and legal regulation of incentive payments to teachers of higher education have been investigated, aspects of compensation payments have been analysed. A number of problems of an economic, regulatory and law enforcement nature have been identified, which can reduce the motivation of the pedagogical community and negatively affect the quality of training of graduates of higher school. For each problem area, proposals have been developed to improve the provision of incentive and compensation payments in higher education institutions. The proposals are designed to increase the demand for pedagogical work and the competitiveness of domestic universities and enterprises.
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Bulavko, V. G. "TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION." Social & labor researches 43, no. 2 (2021): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-43-2-64-76.
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The article examines the problems associated with the long-term development of strategic directions for the formation of new forms and methods of managing social and labor processes in the context of ongoing urbanization and dynamically changing economic relations. Based on the analysis of the existing theoretical, theoretical and methodological aspects and the available experience, the author's approach to the problems associated with the need to build a system for managing social and labor relations is substantiated, the introduction of which into business practice will contribute to an increase in the level of managerial activity in this area and assume the use of elements of state approaches and market aspects depending on the specific conditions of economic and social life, including ongoing urbanization. It is proved that the increasing role of social and labor relations is associated with the introduction of intellectual labor into the system of economic and social processes, the value of knowledge, and an increase in the level of their use in the transformation of industrial society into an information society. The most effective ways of transforming social and labor relations in the context of ongoing urbanization are highlighted and determined. Using methodological tools-system analysis and a systematic approach, the author substantiates the architecture of future social and labor relations in interconnection and unity with the ongoing social and industrial processes with the clarification and detailing of goals in specific tasks, the solution of which is possible with the help economic and mathematical methods based on information technology. The main trends of transformation and the formation of a new level of social and labor relations in the future may be the direction that unites the processes of involvement and participation of the population in making key political decisions, as well as complex issues on health care, based on the principles of sustainable and effective development of the economy as a whole. At the same time, the main trends for the implementation of the direction will be the digitalization of economic and social processes; changes in the urban environment; population leaving cities (reverse urbanization process); features and problems of urban planning.
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Grinina, A. S. "PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF LABOR PROTECTION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-1-51-55.
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In article the author considers the complex of measures of state and municipal occupational health management in institutions of higher education. The article also discusses the main problems of implementing the state policy in the field of labor protection, aimed at preventing industrial injuries and occupational diseases, ensuring the social protection of the workforce and students through the organization of coordinated interaction of subjects of management at all levels, the introduction of economic methods of management, development of social partnership. In this paper the essential theoretical aspects of labour protection in the Russian Federation, the problems of administrative-legal regulation of relations in the sphere of labour protection and the ways of its solution, justifies the author’s position on the subject. The level of effectiveness of the implementation of state management of labor protection in the Russian Federation depends on the dynamics of implementing the system specific security and occupational health aimed at the prevention of accidents, incidents, dangerous occurrences and damage to health. The problem of labour protection in the field of education is one of the topical, as every year in educational institutions of the country injured thousands of children and adolescents, the disabled, dozens of children die from injuries sustained during the educational process. The article may be of interest to researchers, teachers, postgraduates and students of educational institutions of higher education, employees of public administration.
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Голопич, Т. П., and І. М. Голопич. "Legal Aspects of the Social Regulator of Contractual Relations in Labor Law of Ukraine." Law and Safety 80, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.1.18.
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Legal aspects of the social regulator of contractual relations in labor law of Ukraine have been revealed. The concept of social partnership and social dialogue as a legal regulatory mechanism of collective relations has been studied. Legal regulation of labor conditions at different levels, through agreements, reflecting the will and interests of the parties to the agreement, has been analyzed.
It has been found out that the personal nature of work, the definition of the specific labor function, duration of working time, remuneration of labor, etc., shall be reflected in a contractual relationship, which requires new forms of relationship between a state, an employer and an employee. Such new forms are acts of social partnership representing the interests of employees, employers, and the state in general. Special attention in this process has been paid to the collective agreement, wherein the interests of the labor collective and the employer are reconciled. The significance of the collective agreement is enhanced in the context of the market economy transformation and the development of new forms of management.
Based on international experience it has been proved that problems of economic and public life are addressed optimally, if the orientation is implemented not towards the confrontation, but towards the achievement of social compliance, adjustment of social partnership on the principles of cooperation between employers and employees, which are realized in forms of negotiations, the conclusion of collective agreements and collective arrangements, coordination of draft regulatory and legislative acts and consultation in decision-making by social partners at all levels.
It has been defined that social partnership is implemented by means of social dialogue, as a set of coordination procedures of interests of association of employees, employers and the state. Social dialogue helps to provide social harmony and stability in the society, it addresses diverse social and economic problems; it is the universal mean of collective relations for each country, it takes into account its traditions and particularities, and it is based on the significant practical experience of real cooperation.
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Golgher, André Braz. "The evolution of local schooling systems at the secondary level in Brazil between 1991 and 2010." Nova Economia 32, no. 1 (April 2022): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/6752.
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Abstract In spite of the negative overall representation of Brazilian secondary schools, the educational system at this level has shown remarkable quantitative developments. This paper proposes evolutionary paths of development of local secondary educational systems and addresses their determinants. It uses four schooling indicators - age specific enrollment ratio, gross enrollment ratio, net enrollment ratio, and age-grade distortion - conjointly with the use of cluster analysis to determine development trajectories. Furthermore, it analyses the main determinants of the evolutionary paths with the use of logistic and multinomial logistic models. Regional aspects related to socioeconomic level, labor market returns to human capital, demographics, social stability, location and microenvironment were associated with educational evolution.
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Gavrilyuk, Tatyana. "The Working Class in the Service Sector: Outlining the Issue and Reviewing Current Sociological Discourse." Sociological Journal 27, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2021.27.3.8425.
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This study focuses on reviewing and analyzing the current sociological discourse devoted to the problems of routine service labor. The article reveals such aspects as the specifics of interactive service work, methods for assessing the size and composition of the service portion of the working class, how the updated properties of labor relations influence the traditional methods used by researchers to conceptualize them, the specific qualities of class consciousness inherent to the service sphere. It has been established that in foreign discourse of sociology of labor, research in the service sphere is currently at the forefront. The focus is on such problems as the structure of the new post-industrial working class, the inclusion of the client into the traditional worker/employer dyad as a third element that reconfigures the stable structures of labor relations, the increased importance of “emotional labor”, physicality and the so-called “soft qualities” of workers, the ideology of consumer sovereignty and the problems that it generates, the precarization of labor that leads to the deprivation of interactive service workers, the class consciousness and resistance practices of routine services employees. In domestic science, this issue is considered mainly from the standpoint of economics and management. In Russian sociology, service research has not been fully updated, there is no theoretical foundation, and the concept of service workers as part of the working class has not yet taken form. The majority of Russian authors rely on the structural and functional paradigm in the study of the service sphere, which does not correlate with the problems relevant to international sociology and the methods of their analysis.
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ESCRIBANO, ALVARO, J. LUIS GUASCH, MANUEL DE ORTE, and JORGE PENA. "INVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENT IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, THE PHILIPPINES AND THAILAND: RESULTS FROM POOLING FIRM-LEVEL DATA." Singapore Economic Review 54, no. 03 (August 2009): 335–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590809003379.
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Investment Climate surveys (ICs) are a recent instrument used by the World Bank to identify key obstacles to country competitiveness and to guide policy reforms and government interventions in developing countries. In this paper, panel data from four ICs of four South East Asian (SEA) countries namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, and Thailand, are pooled to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) and allocative efficiency aspects of firms in each country, using variants of the Olley and Pakes (1996) productivity decomposition. Several economic performance results are disaggregated to obtain country-specific evaluation of the IC impacts. To establish priorities for policy reforms, the corresponding key IC results are organized in five categories: infrastructures, red tape, corruption and crime, finance and corporate governance, quality, innovation and labor skills, and other control variables.
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Zharkynbayeva, R. S., and K. Ye Abdrassilova. "Some aspects of economic crime during the war (1941-1945) (on the example of the Kazakh SSR)." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 137, no. 4 (2021): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-137-4-26-45.
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At present, scientists focus on the problems of social history, and psychology of the population as they create a holistic view of the social life of society, the system of labor organization, labor relations of workers as well as material and domestic conditions during the Great Patriotic War. At the same time, such aspects of social life as economic crime during the war received little or no attention in the sphere of special scientific research for a long time. The aim of this article is a comprehensive analysis of economic crime in the USSR by the example of Kazakhstan during the Great Patriotic War. Authors attempted to study economic crime during the war, features of labor motivation, collective psychology, and the inner world of ordinary Soviet citizens through the analysis of historical sources, which allows considering complex social roots of economic crime. The article identifies factors that influenced the growth of crime during the war years, such as the forced evacuation of the population; mobilization in the army; shortage of industrial and food essentials; introduction of card system; difficult working and living conditions of workers, improper work of internal bodies of the Soviet state. The most widespread types of law violations and the ways of their perpetration are revealed in the example of specific enterprises of the Kazakh SSR. The article presents the role of Soviet legislation and state bodies in solving this problem. This article is based on a new set of historical sources extracted from archives («Special Folders» of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, documents of the Party Control Commission, letters and complaints to the authorities, business correspondence, etc.).
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Hughes, Christina. "Conditional Cash Transfers and Migration: Reconciling Feminist Theoretical Approaches With the New Economics of Labor Migration." Demography 58, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-8928494.
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Abstract In 2019, I published a study titled “Reexamining the Influence of Conditional Cash Transfers on Migration from a Gendered Lens,” to which Oded Stark has since issued a formal comment. This response has been written to address the major themes of Stark's comment. While the first three sections focus on specific items related to framing, selection bias, and endogeneity, the fourth and final section tackles a more substantive theoretical debate between Stark and me over how to conceptualize the New Economics of Labor Migration framework in relation to gender. In my original paper, I argued that conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are gendered in their program conditions in ways that promote a normative gendered division of labor and that constrain beneficiary women from migrating. I note here that Stark's primary issue with this point appears to be his contention that CCTs are not necessarily gendered but rather that women have a comparative advantage in completing housework and care work. My response first compares Stark's argument to that made by Gary Becker in A Treatise on the Family and engages with the literature that has emerged to critique Becker's own arguments regarding gendered comparative advantage. I then conclude my final section by offering some suggestions that might open a common theoretical path forward—one that insists on grounding microeconomic analyses of family behavior on assumptions that take gender and other aspects of culture and institutions seriously and one that also moves toward a bargaining model of microeconomic behavior rather than one that assumes consensus among all relevant actors.
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Krishka, V. I., and N. N. Solopova. "EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE OF LABOR FORCE REPRODUCTION SPECIFICS IN THE SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN ECONOMIC." Economics Profession Business, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb201986.
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The article considers the General economic model of labor reproduction in relation to the market economy, including the stages of its purchase and sale, productive consumption (labor), purchase by employees of consumer goods and the process of their consumption. In particular, it is proposed to start the analysis of labor force reproduction with its employment, which means the transfer to the employer of the right of employees to manage the labor force for a certain working time, while retaining the right of employees to receive income in the form of wages for “work performed”. The article emphasizes that “completed work” is a product of a special kind, the market of which is formed within economic organizations to link monetary remuneration to a specific work performed. In this regard, it is proposed to switch to calculating the average median value of disposable wages, taking into account the formation of normal savings to compensate for consumer durables that are part of the main consumer capital, instead of the arithmetic average of accrued wages, which is currently practiced. The article draws attention to the fact that the consumption process includes various aspects related, for example, to the production function of households, leisure, child rearing and the formation of the so-called “human capital”. It is suggested that the practice of paying benefits related to “maternity capital” should be expanded and linked to a targeted approach aimed at the reproduction of the labor force.
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Bielova, Alla, and Svetlana Koval. "Problems of unformal employment at the market of Ukraine's labor." USEFUL online journal 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/useful-3-1-2019-0004.
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The subject of the article is the study of specific problems of informal (unformal) employment of the population on the labor market of Ukraine by analyzing the statistical estimation of dynamics and structure of some indicators in 2015 and 2017. The study used general scientific and special statistical methods: analysis of dynamics and synthesis, analogy and comparison, expert assessments, etc. On the basis of the study of the numerical characteristics of the main indicators of the labor market, an analysis of certain aspects of the problems of the informal sector in the field of employment and unemployment in Ukraine was conducted, as well as the main prospects for their possible future solution in the modern economic conditions. It is determined that coordination of efforts of the authorities at all levels in the implementation of the employment policy and reduction of its shadowing scale is impossible without a scientifically based comprehensive national program for promoting employment, aimed at ensuring a balanced supply and demand for labor in the labor market.
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Т. N. Amalbek. "ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF REGIONS ON THE MODERN STAGE." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Economics series, no. 2.2022 (June 30, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/uyad1064.
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"The most important purpose of regional policy on the modern stage is rational territorial division of labor between regions and economic cooperation. One of the main problems of the territorial development – overcoming the difference in level of living of population of separate regions. State programs of the economic development of remote regions have big importance for execution of this task taking into consideration their economic level and peculiarities. The territorial policy in the republic will be oriented to take into account the local specific peculiarities in the market conditions. The significant extension of functions of the local management body in the choice of priorities, rates and proportions is foreseen. The study of territorial differentiation of rural social development can be connected with development of the system approach in the research of territorial difference of the rural social development. First of all, attempt of the system approach was undertaken to describe the compared territorial objects themselves. It was based on widespread first amongst geographists, but then economists and sociologists ideas about wholeness and unique of territorial objects. "
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Sierminska, Eva, and Ronald L. Oaxaca. "Field Specializations among Beginning Economists: Are There Gender Differences?" AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 1, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211030.
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We examine the process underlying field specialization among beginning economists. Our multivariate logit framework accommodates single-and dual-field specializations with correlated choices. Including field-specific relative salaries and expected probabilities of academic employment is a novel aspect of this research. After conditioning on personal, economic, and institutional variables, we find that women graduate students are less likely to specialize in labor/health, macro/finance, industrial organization, public economics, and development/growth/international fields and are more likely to specialize in agricultural/resource/environmental fields. The Duncan dissimilarity index suggests that 14 percent of either sex would have to change specialization in order to achieve complete parity.
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Popov, P. S. "Strategic Workforce Development of the Staffing in the Russian Federation." Administrative Consulting, no. 12 (December 26, 2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-12-113-120.
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The article analyzes the current state of the electric power industry of the Russian Federation, identifies priority areas for its development in the context of the availability of modern technologies, such as artificial intelligence, digital twins, and a virtual reality system. The possibility of replacing human labor resources by electric power with artificial intelligence is considered in the context of the priority policy of using the best available technologies with minimal harm to the environment. The key directions of the strategic development of the labor resources of the electric power industry in Russia are studied, taking into account the specifics of the region, as well as the features of the development of the industry. The fundamental principles of the strategic development of labor resources are analyzed, taking into account the characteristics of the economic sector, and the possibility of applying the strategizing methodology proposed by Doctor of Economics, Professor, foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. L. Kvint is considered. The problematic aspects of labor efficiency in the electric power industry, including those related to cybersecurity threats in modern conditions, are highlighted, and practical cases of solving these problems by government agencies and various business entities are analyzed. Ways are proposed to overcome difficulties, taking into account the costs inherent in each of the options, in order to increase the performance of enterprises in the electric power industry and their further improvement.
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KALDA, H., A. BIELIKOV, Yu SOKOLAN, and K. RYBALKA. "SOCIOECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AT PRODUCTION SITE." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.270421.72.753.
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Problem statement. The analysis of accident causes, which can take place both at the production site and within living environment, connected with social, economic and psychological working conditions is carried out in the article. Violation of these conditions can be a reason of equally hard both physical and psychological traumas at work areas in any manufacturing sector. Working conditions, which form during work and during the contact with colleagues at work places are envisaged. Factors, effecting on human activity during work were analyzed. Psychological and physiological limits of working environment are envisaged. The evaluation of the work bench is realized with allowances made for the influence of all factors of manufacturing environment and working process and on the grounds of complex evaluation of working place it is indicated, that one or another work place is relating to specific types of working environment. Main factors of working environment, influencing of human performance capability during working process are described. Psychological and social aspects of the increase of occupational safety level are presented. Recommendations concerning organization of safe behavior of workers during labor are provided. Work place is evaluated taking into consideration the influence of all manufacturing factors and working environment on workers, on the grounds of which one or another work place is related to corresponding type of working conditions. It is shown that to the deduction of the effect of psycho-physiologic safety concerns during working process it is necessary to take into account individual qualities of the worker, such as errors, and also unfavorable accidents, arising from the encounter of human’s qualities with specific aspects of specific professional activity. With the purpose of the improvement of safety and health protection of workers during labor it is necessary to realize professional psycho-physiological selection for wide range of professions. Object. Determine connection between psychological, social and economic aspects and probability of professional injuries or professional disease at work places in manufacturing environment. Conclusion. The analysis of psychological, social and economic bases of occupational safety and the influence on injury rate is carried out.
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Hrysenko, Maryna, Olena Pryiatelchuk, and Liudmila Shvorak. "Modeling of state socio-economic systems in the countries of the European region." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.36.
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Recent global economic and social challenges confirm the existence of a number of systemic problems in socio-economic relations. Thus, the spread of the concept of sustainable development, which combines social, environmental and economic aspects, became a characteristic feature of the global development trend in recent decades. Highly developed world countries are currently implementing the principles of social economy (a special state management model for socio-economic development) in their policies with the aim to overcome abovementioned challenges and to reach the millennium development goals. The implementation of these principles, realized by the state management in these countries during the last decades, enables us to evaluate the available results and highlight the characteristics of individual national business models of social economy. The study of the most important social and economic global indicators by means of modeling, clustering and regression analysis made it possible not only to emphasize the most important indicators characterizing socio-economic development, but also, taking into account the establishment of interrelationships between social and economic parameters, to single out separate groups of countries (exclusively the European region has been selected for the research) united by common principles and methods of social and economic policy and its implementation outcomes. The obtained results allow us to predict further trends of socio-economic development of separate groups of countries taking into account the available material and technical resources, the situation on the labor market and the level of competitiveness of national labor resources, the features of the functioning of the monetary and tax systems, etc. Given the results of clustering, it was possible to identify both specific models for socio-economic development specific to certain groups and their inherent tendencies of functioning. Besides, a set of specific methods and mechanisms of government control which are common and the best suitable for these systems is determined.
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Ptashchenko, Olena V. "RANKING AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF LABOR POTENTIAL." Management 28, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2018.2.7.
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Introduction. The key aspect of implementing a company strategy is the development of personnel, growth of its labor potential. The degree of development and utilization of the potential of employees largely depends on the competitiveness and innovative responsiveness of the enterprise. Making decisions on the formation and development of labor potential of the enterprise must precede the stage of evaluation of the most significant, in terms of specific production, characteristics of the labor potential of different categories of workers. Therefore, it seems urgent to conduct this study, devoted to issues of evaluation and the formation of labor potential, both individual workers, groups of workers, and enterprises as a whole.The hypothesis of scientific research is to find out how effective management of quality labor potential personnel (based on its objective assessment) can be one of the key conditions that determines the success of enterprises. The prospect of further research in this direction is to improve the system of diagnostics and planning of reserves for improving the quality of labor potential of an industrial enterprise in crisis conditions.The purpose of the article is to deepen theoretical and methodological provisions and to develop rating tools to ensure the quality of labor potential.During the research, methods of system analysis, management theory and personnel management, economics and sociology of labor, statistics, methods of expert evaluation, economic and mathematical models and methods, apparatus of the theory of artificial intelligence and the theory of neural networks were used.Results: a dynamic model of labor potential rating was developed and investigated, which allows taking into account the inertia of labor potential and qualitatively describing in time the behavior of labor potential under the influence of investments in personnel development.Conclusions: it is proved that the use of a dynamic model of labor potential rating will allow to specify the priority directions of enterprise development taking into account the achieved level of labor potential and the expected dynamics of its change and taking into account the characteristic features of the industry, enterprise, and certain types of activity.
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Utkina, Galyna, and Tetiana Datsiuk. "GENDER ASPECTS OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS." Law Journal of Donbass 77, no. 4 (2021): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-77-4-39-50.
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The authors note the existence of significant changes in the legal field of Ukraine on gender equality, awareness of the majority of the society of the importance of this issue for achieving equal opportunities and realization of women in the field of career and socio-political life. It is proved that the state pays more and more attention to specific mechanisms of gender transformation and takes into account international agreements signed and ratified by Ukraine. It is becaming a part of the world gender technologies. The state recognizes the main directions of gender democracy, restrictions which are based on the grounds of sex and aimed at the weakening, recognition, usage or exercising by women on the basis of equality between men and women, human rights and fundamental freedoms in political, economic, cultural, social or any other field of activity. The article concetrates on the imbalance between the awareness and the real state of gender issues in the labour market, wages and participation in politics. It is concluded that the most perfect laws and decisions of the Government will not be effective without overcoming the existing low level of gender culture in the society, creation of a sufficient information and consultation network in all regions of the country on implementation of equal opportunities of policy for men and women, introduction of equal treatment and equal opportunities for women and men in public policy in the field of labor, social policy, economic policy in order to prevent occupational segregation, eliminate inequality in wages, stimulate the growth of women's entrepreneurship, as well as to assess women's work; cooperation and interaction of various public administration bodies in the implementation of the principle of equal treatment and equal opportunities for women and men; balanced representation of women and men in the lists of candidates in elections and decision-making, improving the actual situation through the implementation of effective and concrete decisions and strategies.
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KIZYMA, Tetiana, and Viktoriia ONYSHCHUK. "MIGRATION CAPITAL: THEORETICAL, CONCEPTUAL AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 4(53) (2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.04.077.
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Introduction. A clear understanding ofthe patterns ofthe formation, distribution and use of migration capital is impossible without a thorough theoretical and methodological developments, taking into accounthistoricalparallels and studying advanced foreign experience in this held. Purpose. Investigation of the essence and theoretical generalization of the definition of “migration capital”, analysis ofthe current practice ofthe arrival of migration capital to individual countries of the world and Ukraine, as well as the development of proposals for the implementation of effective measures forits use. Results. Theterm “migration capital” is relatively new in modem financial science. Many domestic scholars and foreign researchers identifythe concept ofmigration capital and remittances ofiabormi-grants. According to our convictions, money transfers to migrant workers are private transfers of crisislike nature, which are sent voluntarily by labor migrants to specific households in order to maintain their financial stability. Thus, we can argue that transfers of money transfers, in essence, form a separate component ofthe international capital market - migration capital. Conclusion. Money remittances of migrant workers are essentially a migration capital. The development of financial infrastructure, the use of state-of-the-art money transfer technologies, and the improvement and expansion of banking services in the area ofservicing remittances of migrant workers will adequately address the financial potential ofmigration capital, which in turn will stimulate economic and social developmentofthe country.
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Rutherford, Malcolm. "Understanding Institutional Economics: 1918–1929." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 22, no. 3 (September 2000): 277–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710050122521.
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All attempts to define American institutionalism, whether in terms of a set of key methodological or theoretical principles or in terms of the contributions of the three generally accepted “founding” figures of Thorstein Veblen, Wesley Mitchell, and John R. Commons, have run into a problem with the apparent disparities within the movement. In terms of the three “founders” there are obvious and quite dramatic differences between the methodologies and theoretical directions of the three men. Veblen is associated with an evolutionary approach, a key distinction between pecuniary institutions and technological or industrial requirements, and a biting critique of orthodox theory and business practices; Mitchell with quantitative methods and detailed research on business cycles, an approach he established at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); Commons with documentary histories, work on labor issues and public utility regulation, and an analytical scheme emphasizing the evolution of legal institutions and processes of dispute resolution. The same problem shows up with more explicit types of definition that often seem to capture only some parts or aspects of the movement and not others, or are so broad as to lack much specific content. Institutionalism easily appears as incoherent, as little more than a set of individual research programs with nothing in common other than a questioning of more orthodox theory and method. Thus, Mark Blaug has stated that institutionalism “was never more than a tenuous inclination to dissent from orthodox economics” (Blaug 1978, p. 712), and George Stigler has claimed that institutionalism had “no positive agenda of research,” “no set of problems or new methods,” nothing but “a stance of hostility to the standard theoretical tradition” (quoted in Kitch 1983, p. 170). This view still finds wide currency— for example Oliver Williamson has recently argued that “unable or unwilling to offer a rival research agenda, the older institutional economics was given over to methodological objections to orthodoxy” (Williamson 1998b, p. 24; see also 1998a).
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Alhanaqtah, Veronika, and Antonina Pakhomova. "DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF RUSSIA AND JORDAN." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 40, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2018.13.
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Rural areas both in Russia and Jordan are characterized by the lack of job places and relatively low opportunities for female and youth labor. The situation is worsened by the decrease in the efficiency of the agricultural production in general. Institutional and technological transformations are required to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector which will inevitably be accompanied by the expansion of the employment. The purpose of the research is to analyze socio-economic aspects of agricultural sectors of Russia and Jordan and to develop proposals for the management of labor resources with the focus on women employment. Research methods consist of comparative analysis of socio-economic development of agricultural areas on the basis of statistical data for Russia and Jordan as well as SWOT analysis. It is recommended to launch a national project on agricultural development in Jordan, as in Russia, with specific country targets and similar objectives pointed out in the study.
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Kasaeva, T. V., and D. A. Esankulova. "Education as a structural component of human capital." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2020-2-12-16.
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The emergence of the category of “human capital” against the backdrop of accelerating scientific and technological progress and the increasing interest of scientists in the role and importance of man in the economy was prepared by the previous development of economic theory – the results of studies of such concepts as “productive labor”, “labor force”, “personal capital” , “Labor resources.” The definition of the phenomenon of human capital and a deeper understanding of its purpose, as well as the study of the aspects associated with its use, is impossible without an analysis of its structure with the allocation of education capital as a fundamental component. The formation of human capital is a process of formation, accumulation and use of human capital of individuals in order to obtain the benefits needed to restore the resources of family members and the reproduction of human capital that meets the current requirements of the economy. Traditionally, education helps people adapt to a changing economic environment – it grows people’s cognitive abilities. The economic impact of education depends on how the economy is changing. Having a good education stimulates those for whom it is the norm to invest in their human capital and encourage people to apply their knowledge and skills for specific purposes.
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Woźniak, Danuta A. "New Technical Challenges for Operators." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0077.
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Abstract The subject of the article are new challenges for operators of machines and technical devices, in particular in the digital industry. The present reality of the environment in which man lives and works is increasingly complex. This results in certain disorders. Combined with the health, lifestyle and development aspects of medicine, shaping the operator’s reliability, remains an extremely difficult challenge. Modern technologies have enabled older workers to function on the labor market, returning to work after successful treatment of illnesses, that have recently eliminated those group of man from labor market. The above results with the new set of requirements for the development of a reliable operator of various machines and devices. Significant dispersal of men health determinants from biological, environmental, social, cultural, economic and political causes with great difficulties in consolidating specific actions, which are also a challenge for years to come.
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Ryndak, V. G., A. S. Samofal, and A. A. Kapaeva. "DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EDUCATION THEORY AND SOCIAL PRACTICE OF PROFESSION INSTITUTIONALIZATION." Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 235 (2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-233-52.
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The essence of the definition of “profession” is multifaceted and ambiguous. There is a need to study the work of scientists in various fields: sociologists, economics, education. The concept of “profession” is an integral category of research. According to the results of a theoretical study, several main aspects can be distinguished that characterize the concept of “profession”: “this is a kind of labor activity” and “the presence of special knowledge and skills”. The development of the essence of this definition is noticeable. Initially, it was interpreted as a type (type) of activity, then it becomes a type of activity that requires special training, the presence of certain knowledge and skills. A profession combines a group of related specialties. They are aimed at achieving more particular or intermediate results or at achieving general results by specific means. The mechanisms for designing a model of vocational education are determined: social dialogue between employees, employers and the state; methods for forecasting skills needs; obtaining reliable and timely information on labor markets; normatively fixed contractual relations for the fulfillment of obligations. The most significant for the profession, modern students call such professional qualities as: purposefulness, stress resistance, sociability, ability to work in multitasking mode.
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Onysenko, T., Mykytiuk O. Mykytiuk, and N. Mysnyk. "PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN THE CREATIVE BUSINESS INDUSTRIES IN A HYBRID WAR." THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS, no. 43 (2021): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2021.43.23.
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The social context comes to the fore global development and, accordingly, the issues of the future destiny of man and the peculiarities of the space of his existence. Labour is an expression of the forces of mankind and the sacred moral duty. Without work neither the living of society nor the existence of each individual is possible. Work develops and glorifies the personality. Creativity is central to the creative industries, as it plays a role in these areas equal to the innovation in other sectors of the economy. But creativity is far enough from such industries as business and economics. During the statistical survey on the level of creativity in the workplace, I have been comparing indicators of people’s level of satisfaction in the film industry and business. Modern economic system both in developed countries and in countries of so-called catching-up development, increasingly are developing in the direction of intellectualization of the economy, the main result of which are new ideas that are commercialized in innovation, especially in the creative sphere of human activity. Results intellectual property rights are increasingly finding their way application and practical implementation in the role of the most valuable economic resource, and creativity becomes the main source economic value in a hybrid war. The development of modern society requires active transformations in the personnel management system of enterprises on the way to optimizing management systems, the effectiveness of approaches to professional development of employees, the use of innovative technologies for the formation of labor potential. That is why this article is devoted to such topical issues as the peculiarities of the application of specific methods of personnel management of creative industries, analysis of factors that have become prominent in this particular area. Great importance is attached to the digitalization of management processes in the enterprise, the main aspects of creative work are highlighted; the advantages of using creativity for personnel management in traditional spheres of production activity are considered. In turn, the modern world, along with the benefits of economic processes, pushes economic actors to new challenges related to development, innovation, technology management. Such a challenge has been the hybrid war in which Ukraine's economy has been developing for the past seven years. The article reflects the influence of various components on the formation of qualitative characteristics of the labor potential of the creative sphere.
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Yusif oğlu Qasımov, Cavadxan. "Justification of the concepts of employment and unemployment: scientific nature and modern approach." SCIENTIFIC WORK 80, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/80/19-27.
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Xülasə Məqalədə qeyd olunmuşdur ki, məşğulluq və işsizlik anlayışları malik olduğu elmi-nəzəri əhəmiyyətinə görə öz aktuallıqlarını qorumaqdadır. Bəşər cəmiyyətinin mövcud olduğu dövrlər üzrə bu anlayış, özünü gerçək fəaliyyətin hərəkətverici amili olaraq göstərmiş və daha çox təcrübi mahiyyət kəsb etmişdir. Göstərilmişdir ki, məşğulluq və işsizlik iqtisad elminin və digər sosial mahiyyətli araşdırmaların mərkəzində olan bir anlayış olub, daha çox ölkələrin milli iqtisadiyyatlarının müvafiq tənzimləyici mexanizmləri ilə nizama salınır. Buna görə də, məşğulluq, eyni zamanda, makroiqtisadi proseslərin strateji təzahür forması olaraq özünü göstərməkdədir. Əsaslandırılmışdır ki, məşğulluq, bir tərəfdən, əmək ehtiyatlarından məqsədyönlü istifadənin, bir tərəfdən də, istehsal vasitələrinin müəyyən əmək vərdişlərinə malik olmaqla, cəlbinin nəticəsi olaraq çıxış etməkdədir. İşsizlik isə iş qüvvəsinin hərəkətə gətirilə bilməməsini ifadə etməkdədir. Təbii olaraq, burada, müvafiq qanunvericiliyə xas olan fəaliyyətin təşkili əsas tutulmalıdır. Bütün tərəfləri ilə məşğulluq və işsizlik anlayışları ölkələrin bütün dövrlər üzrə milli iqtisadi prioritetlərinin çox zəruri tərəflərini təşkil etməkdədir. Məhz qeyd olunanları əsas tutaraq, məşğulluq və işsizlik haqqında araşdırmaq aparılması məqsədəuyğun hesab olunmuşdur. Açar sözlər: məşğulluq, işsizlik, makroiqtisadi inkişaf, sosial siyasət, tənzimlənmə, istehsal vasitəsi, əmək vərdişləri Javadkhan Yusif Gasımov Justification of the concepts of employment and unemployment: scientific nature and modern approach Abstract It is mentioned in the article that the concepts of employment and unemployment maintain their relevance due to their scientific-theoretical importance. This understanding of the periods in which human society exists has shown itself as a driving factor of real activity and has acquired a more experimental essence. It has been shown that employment and unemployment is a concept in the center of economic science and other social studies, and it is regulated by the relevant regulatory mechanisms of the national economies of most countries. Therefore, employment, at the same time, appears as a form of strategic manifestation of macroeconomic processes. It is justified that employment, on the one hand, is the result of the purposeful use of labor resources, and on the other hand, the attraction of means of production with certain labor habits. Unemployment means that the labor force cannot be mobilized. Naturally, here, the organization of the activity specific to the relevant legislation should be taken as a basis. The concepts of employment and unemployment with all their aspects are very necessary aspects of the national economic priorities of countries for all periods. Based on the above mentioned, it was considered appropriate to conduct research on employment and unemployment. Key words:employment, unemployment, macroeconomic development, social policy, regulation, means of production, labor habits
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Akbulut, Hale, and Hüseyin Taylan Eğen. "Import Tariffs and Informal Labour Market: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis for Turkey." Review of Economic Analysis 13, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v13i2.4046.
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From the 1980s to onwards trade liberalization policies have been widely used in many countries. This process has significant impacts on many economic aspects one of which is on the labour market. However, the direction of the relationship between trade reforms and the labour market is controversial. This study aims to analyse the effects of a specific trade reform of import tariff changes on the formal and informal labour market for Turkey. For that purpose, we benefit from Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model that relies on nonlinear simultaneous equations. We construct an updated Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) which is compatible with our model. Our findings indicate that while there is a positive relationship between formal labour employment in total and import tariff rates, the negative relationship occurs between informal employment and tariff rates.
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PASNICU, Daniela. "Methodological framework for ex-ante assessment of active policies on the labor market - experimental approach." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v6i1.522.
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Abstract. Ex-ante assessment is a mandatory step before the process of implementation of policies because it brings, through the analyses undertaken improvements for initial design, contributing, on a case by case basis, to increasing of efficiency, effectiveness, relevance, sustainability, equity and of its internal and external coherence. In recent years, at international level, but especially in the EU countries (EU), the ex-ante socio-economic programs and public interventions have become an extremely necessary instrument in decision-making, which is linked own economic and social development of the EU Member States.The article presents a methodological framework for ex-ante assessment of active measures for the employment growth in the context of rural areas, on the bases of efficiency, effectiveness and coherence criteria. Ex-ante social impact assessment of an active policy can have beneficial effects on employment under quantitative and qualitative aspects. The novelty of the article consist in the specific, experimental approach of the development and of ex-ante evaluation of active labor market policies, in the context of rural areas.
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Latysheva, Anna Yu, and Anna V. Romanenko. "Organizational and Methodical Aspects of Accounting for Fixed Assets of Economic Entities in Various Areas of Activity." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-4-177-185.
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The authors propose a differentiated approach to the organization of fixed assets accounting, which consists in structuring the account 01 “Fixed assets” depending on their areas of activity of economic entities. This article also substantiates the composition of analytical accounts of fixed assets in the context of factors affecting the accounting. The study was carried out on an urgent topic - the accounting of fixed assets is undergoing changes due to legislative innovations. In addition, organizational and economic aspects and factors of a specific, industry-specific nature are of no small importance when building a system of accounting for fixed assets. The analysis of the role and significance of the influence of the characteristics of various types of activities of economic entities on the accounting of fixed assets allows us to identify the directions and methods, the use of which will ensure a positive dynamics of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets and the growth of labor productivity. In the course of the research, general scientific methods of cognition were used, such as analysis and synthesis, consistency and complexity, analogy, comparative and logical approach. The organizational and methodological provisions developed by the authors of the article contribute to the development of the methodology of accounting for fixed assets of economic entities engaged in various types of activities. Some of the results of this study can serve as a vector for further practical and theoretical developments, increase the transparency, relevance, and analyticity of information about the activities of an economic entity based on accounting and management accounting data. The recommendations and approaches proposed by the authors of the article can be applied as a basis for improving the accounting and methodological support for the management of fixed assets of an economic entity.
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Kablukov, O. V. "RITERIA FOR OPTIMAL FUNCTIONING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND RECLAMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES." Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management, no. 19 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2618-8732-2020-16-21.
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When choosing criteria for optimal management of cultural agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to be guided by the achievement of a specific goal - creating their environmentally sustainable structure and ensuring normal functioning. Various aspects of economic, technological, or natural landscape orientation can be com-ponents of the system of criteria for optimal functioning. The criteria are used in the design of agroecosystems and the formation of cultural agricultural landscapes on reclaimed land. In this case, the interaction of related processes aimed at increasing the productivity and sustainability of agricultural landscapes isensured, high quality of products is achieved, damage from aggressive and negative processes is localized, energy, material, labor and financial costs are minimized.