Academic literature on the topic 'Labor market – Germany'

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Journal articles on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Yin, Yue. "Reasons for the Successful German Economy: Analysis of Imports and Exports, Labor and Social Welfare." Communications in Humanities Research 15, no. 1 (2023): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/15/20230771.

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Germanys robust economy, labor market reforms, expansive social welfare initiatives, and the structure of its educational system collectively contribute to its status as an influential and appealing nation on the global stage. The paper analyzes the reasons for the booming German economy from three aspects: imports and exports, labor, and social welfare. The nation has witnessed substantial export growth, particularly compared to its European counterparts. This economic achievement can be attributed to elements like practicing wage restraint and capitalizing on the opportunities presented by C
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Hao, Jingsong. "Drivers of Exports Competitiveness in Manufacturing: A Comparison between China and Germany." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 5, no. 1 (2023): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/5/20220104.

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In recent years, globalization has brought significant development opportunities to various economies worldwide, including influences for export-oriented economies such as China and Germany. This paper examines the export competitiveness of China and Germany in terms of labor market conditions and non-price factors, as well as the impact of China as an emerging economy on German manufacturing export competitiveness. Labor costs, productivity, and market reforms are considered to analyze labor market competitiveness. Non-price competitiveness is examined through explorations of product innovati
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Burda, Michael C., and Stefanie Seele. "Reevaluating the German labor market miracle." German Economic Review 21, no. 2 (2020): 139–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ger-054-19.

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AbstractFrom 2003 to 2018, employment in Germany increased by 7.3 million, or by 19.3 % – growth not observed since unification. This “labor market miracle” was marked by a persistent and significant expansion of both part-time and low-wage jobs and a deterioration in pay for these jobs, while total hours hardly increased; overall wage growth returned only after 2011. These developments followed in the wake of the landmark Hartz reforms (2003–2005). A modified framework of Katz and Murphy (1992) predicts negative correlation of wages with both relative employment and participation across cells
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Braun, Sebastian, and Toman Omar Mahmoud. "The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Postwar Germany." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (2014): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000035.

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This article studies the employment effects of one of the largest forced population movements in history, the influx of millions of German expellees to West Germany after World War II. This episode of forced mass migration provides a unique setting to study the causal effects of immigration. Expellees were not selected on the basis of skills or labor market prospects and, as ethnic Germans, were close substitutes to native West Germans. Expellee inflows substantially reduced native employment. The displacement effect was, however, highly nonlinear and limited to labor market segments with very
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Han, Jong-Soo. "Labor Market Reforms in Germany and Non-regular Labor Market." Journal of Peace Studies 15, no. 1 (2014): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.14363/kaps.2014.15.1.197.

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Mika, Tatjana. "The Declining Pension Wealth of Employment for the Birth Cohorts 1935–1974 in Germany." Statistics, Politics and Policy 13, no. 1 (2022): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spp-2021-0022.

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Abstract Social inequality in the labor market leads to similarly unequal pension entitlements. From a life-course perspective, however, there are two components of inequality in the labor market: the degree of stability of employment until retirement, as well as the amount of gross income earned in periods of employment. The following analysis focuses on working-life and income trajectories of the birth cohorts 1935–1974 in East and West Germany until age 40. The results demonstrate a structural shift in the German labor market towards less stable employment in the first half of the working c
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Brunow, Stephan, and Oskar Jost. "Wages of Skilled Migrant and Native Employees in Germany: New Light on an Old Issue." International Migration Review 56, no. 2 (2021): 410–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211040505.

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The German Council of Economic Experts (GCEE) argues for a labor market-driven immigration of skilled migrants into Germany to overcome a decline in workforce due to demographic ageing. We pick up this current debate on skilled immigration by analyzing the migrant-native wage differential for skilled workers in Germany and consider various information on firms. Our results indicate that the wage gap is mainly explained by observable characteristics, especially labor market experience and firm characteristics. However, we find lower rewards for migrants’ labor market experience than for natives
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Jorg Michael, Dostal. "The German Political Economy between Deregulation and Re-regulation: Party Discourses on Minimum Wage Policies." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 27, no. 2 (2012): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps27205.

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In the German political economy of the early 21st century, labor market policymaking has shifted toward deregulation and liberalization. In particular, the so-called Hartz labor market reforms of the Social Democratic Party and Green Party government, introduced in 2002 and 2003, pushed for employment growth in low-wage and deregulated employment sectors. This article focuses on one of the key debates triggered by Germany`s labor market deregulation after 2002, namely whether the introduction of a statutory minimum wage is required to re-regulate the country`s labor market. Based on interviews
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Hoene, Bernd. "Labor Market Realities in Eastern Germany." Challenge 34, no. 4 (1991): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05775132.1991.11471519.

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Savenkova, A. S. "The youth’s perceptions of the labor market in Russia, China and Germany: A comparative analysis." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 3 (2021): 520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-520-535.

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The study of the specifics of professional choice and of the factors that determine labor orientations of the youth is one of the urgent sociological tasks for researchers all over the world. The universal, supranational nature of this task under globalization explains the need to compare labor orientations of the Russian youth with their foreign peers. The article aims at assessing the basic ideas about the labor market of the youth in Russia, Germany and China. The empirical part of the article is presented by the survey and interviews of the Russian, German and Chinese youth. The author con
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Schneck, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Labor market mobility in Germany / Stefan Schneck." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013288726/34.

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Kastrat, Merima, and Dilan Tas. "Does immigration affect native's labor market outcomes in Germany?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88104.

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Germany is one of the several countries in Europe that have opened its borders to immigrants for many years. The admission of immigrants into Germany has contributed to the country being the second largest immigration destination in the world, and this has resulted in both negative and positive outcomes for the natives. In this essay, the effect of immigration on natives’ hourly wages and employment was examined, by using microdata for Germany. Native workers’ educational level attainments and 16 different regions in Germany were taken into account to obtain regional variation. Cross-sectional
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Whang, Eun Ah [Verfasser]. "Social Security and Labor Market in Germany / Eun Ah Whang." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176632086/34.

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Pancaldi, F. "EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATIONS AND LABOR MARKET POLICIES IN GERMANY AND ITALY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/174256.

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To what extent did globalization generate uniform employers' pressures for employment protection deregulation and welfare state retrenchment? Which institutional arrangements did employers support and how did they influence policy-making processes in comparative perspective? This work answers these questions by investigating the positions of peak employers associations in Germany and Italy with respect to the reform processes of employment protection legislation and unemployment insurance systems between 1990 and 2008. Building on a theoretical distinction of the policy preferences of differen
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Diaz, Pablo F. "Labor market integration of immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDiaz%5FPablo.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Siegel, Scott ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Labor Market Integration, Immigrants, France, Germany, United Kingdom Institutional Racism, Education, Language. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88). Also available in print.
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Seele, Stefanie Sophie. "Essays on the German Labor Market since Unification." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19682.

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Das Ziel dieser Thesis ist es, Angebots- und Nachfragefaktoren in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung zu analysieren. Drei verschiedene Arbeitsmarktmodelle dienen dazu: Ein Wettbewerbsmodell (Marshall (1920)), ein rigides Arbeitsmarktmodell (Pigou (1933)) und ein Matchingmodell (Pissarides (2000)). Unterschiedliche Hypothesen über den Zusammenhang von mehreren Arbeitsmarktindikatoren werden theoretisch hergeleitet und empirisch evaluiert. Diese Arbeit adressiert drei Forschungsfragen: Welcher Art ist das große Beschäftigungswachstum in Deutschland nach 2005? Waren Angebots- oder Nachfrag
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Lüthen, Holger [Verfasser]. "Essays on long-term labor market developments and retirement in Germany / Holger Lüthen." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105472353/34.

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Spick, Manon. "The Assimilation of Turkish Immigrants in the German Labor Market : Cross-national comparative study with the Austrian labor market and emphasis on differences in integration policies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96246.

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The economic assimilation of immigrants is one of the main topics of the migration economic literature. The United States, the United Kingdom, or even Canada, are usually chosen to lead such studies. We have decided to observe the differences in immigrant’s economic assimilation between two host countries which are less studied in empirical papers and very similar in terms of geography and language: Germany and Austria. The country of origin for the immigrants observed in this study is Turkey because Turkish immigrants are highly represented among the immigrant population in the both host coun
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Tolan, Songül [Verfasser]. "Partial Retirement, Financial Student Aid, and Labor Market Responses : Empirical Evidence from Germany / Songül Tolan." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144955386/34.

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Raddatz, Liv. "BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND CHANGE: EXPLORING POLISH MIGRANTS' EXPERIENCES IN THE LABOR MARKET OF BERLIN, GERMANY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/324151.

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Geography<br>Ph.D.<br>The European migration context has changed drastically in recent years because of the eastward enlargements of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007. Almost all citizens of the 28 EU member states now have the right to live and work in any of the other EU countries. The demise of borders and removal of formal labor market access restrictions within the EU has spurred substantial east to west migration. This dissertation explored how recent and more established Polish migrants experience and navigate the labor market in Berlin, Germany, given these recent regulatory cha
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Books on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Franz, Schober, Matsugi Takashi 1936-, Universität Freiburg im Breisgau. Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät., and Nagoya Daigaku Keizai Gakubu, eds. Labor market issues in Japan and Germany. Duncker & Humblot, 1998.

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Bosch, Gerhard. Low-wage work in Germany. Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.

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H, Bass Hans, Hozumi Toshihiko 1941-, and Staroske Uwe, eds. Labor markets and labor market policies between globalization and world economic crisis: Japan and Germany. Hampp, 2010.

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Bachmann, Ronald. Sectoral transformation, turbulence, and labor market dynamics in Germany. RWI Essen, 2007.

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Gerhard, Bosch, and Weinkopf Claudia, eds. Low-wage work in Germany. Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.

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Gerhard, Bosch, and Weinkopf Claudia, eds. Low-wage work in Germany. Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.

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Eichhorst, Werner. The gradual transformation of continental European labor markets: France and Germany compared. IZA, 2007.

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Ehlert, Christoph R. Evaluation of German active labour market policies and their organisational framework. Springer Gabler, 2015.

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Polder, Michael. Dynamics of labour and capital adjustment: A comparison of Germany and the Netherlands. IZA, 2004.

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Räisänen, Heikki. Labour market reforms and performance in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Finland. Employment and Entrepreneurship Department, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Lučev, Josip. "Labor Market in Germany." In Systemic Cycle and Institutional Change. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66053-6_7.

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Silvia, Stephen J. "7. Political Adaptation to Growing Labor Market Segmentation." In Negotiating the New Germany, edited by Lowell Turner. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501744891-010.

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Bosch, Gerhard, and Werner Sengenberger. "Employment Policy, the State, and the Unions in the Federal Republic of Germany." In The State and the Labor Market. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0801-0_5.

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Keuschnigg, Christian. "Labor Market and Budgetary Effects of Eastern Enlargement in Germany." In Economic Impact of EU Membership on Entrants. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3407-2_10.

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Knuth, Matthias. "3. Active Labor Market Policy and German Unification: The Role of Employment and Training Companies." In Negotiating the New Germany, edited by Lowell Turner. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501744891-006.

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Glumann, Nicola V., Magdalena Schertler, and Stephan A. Boehm. "Inclusion of People with Disabilities in the Workplace: A Focus on Germany, Austria, and Switzerland." In Handbook of Diversity Competence. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69308-3_18.

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Abstract In this chapter, the importance of inclusion of people with disabilities in the labor market is examined. The definitions as well as legal frameworks of disability in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland will be discussed. A major focus is on responding to the question of what companies can do to include people with disabilities as successfully as possible in the labor market. Both findings regarding chances (such as equal opportunities and synergy) and challenges (such as preexistent stigma and a lack of disclosure) are considered. A practical example is used to sketch possible enablers
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Bilecen, Başak. "Reciprocity Within Migrant Networks: The Role of Social Support for Employment." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_8.

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AbstractThis chapter investigates the ways in which migrants’ perceive and mobilize their social relationships to enter into the labor market. Previous literature has ample evidence on the importance of social ties for migrants to find a job usually studying the received job information while underlining ethnicity of ties as if it is the only aspect that matters in the labor market. Going beyond those debates, this chapter argues that not only receiving information on jobs, but also being embedded in a supportive network in other realms such as care is equally significant in explaining the lab
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Camp, Jessica K., Eileen Trzcinski, and Stella Resko. "Family and Labor Market Policies in Germany: The Well-Being of Working Women." In Handbook on Well-Being of Working Women. Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9897-6_26.

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Acar, Aslı Beyhan, and Güven Ordun. "The Importance of Temporary Work Agencies in Turkish Labor Market and a Comparative Study with Spain, Italy and Germany." In Labor and Employment Relations in a Globalized World. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04349-4_11.

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Krins, Florian. "Project Case: Secure Skilled Labour in Elderly Care—A Sustainable German-Vietnamese Approach." In Sustainable Aging. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69139-7_14.

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AbstractGermany is facing an alarming shortage of qualified nurses in the health and geriatric care sector. Experts estimate that, due to demographic change, the number of people requiring care in Germany will increase from the current level of about 2.3 million to approximately 3.4 million in 2030. The Federal Employment Agency (BA) have already observed a severe shortage of fully qualified (geriatric) nurses and are warning of an impending acute shortage of nursing staff. This shortage cannot be covered in the medium or long term by nurses in Germany itself. At the same time, many young peop
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Conference papers on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Novák, Václav. "Přeshraniční dojížďka za prací z ČR do Německa." In XXVI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Masaryk University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0311-2023-11.

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The contribution analyzes the development of cross-border commuting to work from the Czech Republic to Germany in the context of the situation on the Czech labor market. Employment policy is one of the most important policies of the Government of the Czech Republic. It solves current problems on the Czech labor market. However, it does not reflect the issue of cross-border movement of labor force from the Czech Republic abroad. The question therefore arises whether commuting to the German border is only a marginal task. Or whether it is a escalating phenomenon with the potential to significant
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Udelhofen, Stefan, and Jens Dörpinghaus. "IT Professionals in Germany. Labor Market Demands of Computer Science Education and their Perception on Social Media." In ITiCSE 2024: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3649405.3659493.

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Giabelli, Anna, Lorenzo Malandri, Fabio Mercorio, Mario Mezzanzanica, and Andrea Seveso. "Skills2Graph: Processing million Job Ads to face the Job Skill Mismatch Problem." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/708.

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In this paper, we present Skills2Graph, a tool that, starting from a set of users’ professional skills, identifies the most suitable jobs as they emerge from a large corpus of 2.5M+ Online Job Vacancies (OJVs) posted in three different countries (the United Kingdom, France, and Germany). To this aim, we rely both on co-occurrence statistics - computing a count-based measure of skill-relevance named Revealed Comparative Advantage (rca) - and distributional semantics - generating several embeddings on the OJVs corpus and performing an intrinsic evaluation of their quality. Results, evaluated thr
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Balina, Signe, and Susanna Minder. "Literature Review On The German Labor Market." In The 8th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2014". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2014.070.

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Brecher, Christian, Tobias Kempf, and Werner Herfs. "Cognitive Control Technology for a Self-Optimizing Robot Based Assembly Cell." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49521.

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In the face of global competition there is a great danger for countries with high labor costs (e.g. Germany) to lose more and more production plants to low-wage countries. Almost inevitably there will be a relocation of after-sales services as well as of research and development. Eventually this will cause a significant decline of wealth. For this reason especially high-wage countries are always striving for higher productivity of production processes. On the other hand the products have to be of high-end quality to ensure an advantage in the market. Thus there is an obvious dilemma between pl
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Brenzovych, K. S., and Ye P. Khyla. "Refugees from Ukraine at labour markets of Poland and Germany." In CURRENT ISSUES OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AMIDST THE FORMATION OF A NEW WORLD ORDER AND POLARIZATION OF THE WORLD. Volume 1. Baltija Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-534-1-6.

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Mimentza Martin, Janire. "CONSTITUTIONALITY OF BASIC INCOME IN GERMANY." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.295.

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At present, the precarious jobs do not assure the subsistence level, and the future forecasts “the end of work”. In addition, because of the defects and limits of the welfare systems, a rethinking of the social protection system is necessary: universal basic income seems to be the most popular option. However, basic income may represent a break with the traditional market rules: the model is inverted and the citizen gains “ freedom from work”, and not “through work”. This paradigm shift may represent a challenge for today’s model of social state based on the work ethic. Although the basic inco
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Wurdack, Anja, and Philipp Vom Berge. "Geocoding of German Administrative Data." In CARMA 2016 - 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2016.2016.3127.

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This presentation investigates the intra-urban spatial structure of labourmarket inequality. This has been difficult so far because of the requirement ofstandardized data collection at a very fine spatial scale. We present thepotential of geocoded register data on the German labour market forinequality research. The data cover the entire workforce liable to statutorysocial security and all working-age social benefit recipients. We start ouranalysis with a case study on the three largest German cities: Berlin,Hamburg, and Munich. The three cities show distinctly shaped spatialstructures in soci
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Mustata, Cristian, Ileana Pantu, Voichita alexandra Ghenghea, Ioanlaurian Soare, and Petra Loefflerenescu. "CASE STUDY: E-LEARNING INSTRUMENTS TO IMPROVE GERMAN LANGUAGE COMPETENCES." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-102.

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The development of language competences is not always easy, especially in the case of German, which is perceived as much more difficult to master compared to English, because of its long combined words and its complicated grammar with many exceptions. The desire to learn German can be at a peak because of the increased attractiveness on the labour market of jobs needing a German language competence. But this desire is sometimes severely diminished by the vast amount of knowledge and know-how regarding vocabulary and grammar brought to the learner by traditional instruments. While these instrum
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Wahrendorf, M., M. Reuter, J. Hoebel, B. Wachtler, A. Hoehmann, and N. Dragano. "Regional disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infections by labour market indicators: a spatial panel analysis using nationwide German notification data." In Soziale Gesundheit neu denken: Herausforderungen für Sozialmedizin und medizinische Soziologie in der digitalen Spätmoderne – Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der DGSMP und der DGMS. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1753959.

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Reports on the topic "Labor market – Germany"

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Franz, Wolfgang, Joachim Inkmann, Winfried Pohlmeier, and Volker Zimmermann. Young and Out in Germany: On the Youths' Chances of Labor Market Entrance in Germany. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6212.

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Abraham, Katharine G., and Susan N. Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility?: Lessons from Germany, France and Belgium. W.E. Upjohn Institute, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp93-16.

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D'Amuri, Francesco, Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano, and Giovanni Peri. The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990's. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13851.

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Abraham, Katharine, and Susan Houseman. Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility? Lessons from Germany, France, and Belgium. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4390.

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Ripani, Laura, and Claudia Piras. The Effects of Motherhood on Wages and Labor Force Participation: Evidence from Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008892.

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This study asks a simple question that has significant implications for gender equality. After decades of increasing female participation in the labor market, advances in the labor legislation and persistent gender wage gaps, what are the effects of motherhood on labor force participation and wages in Latin America? The data presented in this report show that mothers with children under 7 years of age participate less in the labor market than those with no children, except for single mothers. Another interesting result is that female labor force participation generally increases with age and d
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Abramitzky, Ran, Travis Baseler, and Isabelle Sin. Persecution and Migrant Self-Selection: Evidence from the Collapse of the Communist Bloc. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.07.

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How does persecution affect who migrates? We analyze migrants’ self-selection out of the USSR and its satellite states before and after the collapse of Communism using census microdata from the three largest destination countries: Germany, Israel, and the United States. We find that migrants arriving before and around the time of the collapse (who were more likely to have moved because of persecution) were more educated and had better labor market outcomes in the destination than those arriving later. This change is not fully explained by the removal of emigration restrictions in the Communist
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Burda, Michael, and Jennifer Hunt. What Explains the German Labor Market Miracle in the Great Recession? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17187.

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela R., and Dirk Konietzka. The transferability of foreign educational credentials - the case of ethnic German migrants in the German labor market. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2001-002.

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Schueller, Jessica. International Career Services in Germany: Current Structures and Strategic Ways to Move Forward. German Academic Exchange Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46685/daadstudien.2023.07.

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International Career Services (ICS) is an umbrella term which refers to career services for international students. ICS support international students with integrating successfully into local, regional and national labor markets, and has traditionally been a feature at universities in the Anglosphere. More recently, ICS have increased in Europe due in large part to the rise of English-medium programs, and German universities in particular have enjoyed broad based support for ICS programs. In this research brief, the case of career services for international students in Germany are outlined, a
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Krueger, Alan, and Jorn-Steffen Pischke. A Comparative Analysis of East and West German Labor Markets: Before and After Unification. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4154.

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