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Lei, Chun Kwok (Henry). "The Influences of Revenue Diversification and Incoming Tourists on the Performance of Star-Rated Hotels in China." Tourism Analysis 24, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354219x15652651367488.
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Human capital and a transformed data set are combined into a stochastic frontier analysis to estimate the technical efficiency of star-rated hotels in 30 provinces and municipalities of China for the period of 2011–2015. The influences of revenue diversification across room, food & beverage, and other services and incoming tourists on technical efficiency, labor, and capital productivities are addressed. Hotels in Zhejiang, Shanghai and Tianjin are found to be the most efficient. For the efficiency and productivities determinants, per capita GDP of the hosting province is the primary determinant, hotel ranking and diversification in revenue sources contribute to efficiency and partial productivities, while tourists from different origins bring about diversified impacts. Hotels located in regions with more Taiwan tourists are more efficient with higher capital productivity. Tourists from Hong Kong, Macau, and foreign countries have brought about both positive and negative linkages to efficiency and partial productivities. In general, hotels can reallocate their resources to diversify their services for better efficiency and productivities. In contrast, expanding external markets cannot guarantee higher efficiency and better productivities. Hotel management should be careful in formulating their marketing strategies.
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Baten, Abdul. "HOW TRAINING AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IMPROVE EMPLOYEE'S PERFORMANCE, MORAL, AND MOTIVATION." Emerging Markets : Business and Management Studies Journal 4, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/ijembm.v4i2.7.
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Ready Made Garments (RMG) became a huge sector in Bangladesh. This sector is contributing tremendously to our economy. Nippon Garments Ltd. (NGL) is in RMG sector which is a sister concern of Abedin Group of Industries. NGL try to follow all the rules and regulations of labor laws by labor ministry of the government of Bangladesh. They maintain all compliances properly so that it won’t be harmful to the employees and environment. Training and development are one of the crucial components of Human Resource Management (HRM), besides all of the things like recruitment, selection, and, compensation. Training and development help an organization to motivate the employees in the work place and increase skills, productivity, and confidence for effective performance. To become successful and run an organization efficiently, it is very important to maintain good HR practices. When an organization has strong HR practices, and everyone in the company follow all the rules and regulations properly then the organization can create a healthy working environment which makes everyone happy. To follow all the rules and policies for growth, an organization should train the employees as per their training needs. HR always help to find the better ways to motivate employees through training and other facilities because if employees are not happy in their workplace, then they become less productive and quit the company. As a result, turnover is going to go up. Nippon Garments Ltd. is a project of Abedin Group of Industries, and it started its operation in 1984, and during the time NGL have faced so many ups and downs, but till now it has been successful in keeping its brand reputation. NGL also established competitive work environment and proved to become the number one RMG factory in Bangladesh. It is 100% export oriented garments factory. They input their best efforts to create a remarkable reputation in the RMG sector. They have both foreign and local customers, and their main customers are from Europe. They always try to give the best quality products to their customers, and for this, they are very much conscious about the raw materials used to make their end product. They import their basic fabric from China, Pakistan, Hong Kong, and India. Regarding of innovation, they are always up to date about the fashion trends and styles. Their main products are the jacket, pant, jogging & tracksuit, trouser, and more. They build up a strong relationship with the workers and employees and they also take necessary actions to maintain the strong relationship.
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Yang, Nan, and Stefan Kühner. "Beyond the Limits of the Productivist Regime: Capturing Three Decades of East Asian Welfare Development with Fuzzy Sets." Social Policy and Society 19, no. 4 (January 20, 2020): 613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641900054x.
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Systematic accounts of East Asian government responses to the ‘limits of productivist regimes’ (Gough, 2004) remain surprisingly rare. This article develops three distinct types of East Asian welfare development, i.e. quantitative, type-specific, and radical, employing set-theoretic methods. It then uses these types to analyse six policy fields, including education, health care, family policy, old-age pensions, public housing, and passive labour market policy, in six East Asian societies: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. We find that all cases except Hong Kong and Singapore have experienced at least one radical shift in their welfare models over the past three decades (1990–2016). East Asian governments have increasingly combined quantitative expansion or retrenchment of ‘productive’ and ‘protective’ policy structures but have done so in unique ways. South Korea has followed the most ‘balanced’ approach to welfare development and stands out as the best candidate for further type-specific expansions moving forward.
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Wu, Chung-Tong, and Christine Inglis. "Illegal Immigration to Hong Kong." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100310.
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Illegal migration from China is contrasted to that from Vietnam to highlight Hong Kong's unique place in such flows. Political upheavals in China, economic recessions and labor shortages in Hong Kong have caused waves of legal and illegal Chinese migration into Hong Kong which have been effectively contained through the vigilance of border patrols, police checks for identity cards, fines on employers of illegals, and cooperation from China. The increased numbers of Vietnamese boat people from 1988 led to a hardening in government and public attitudes, resulting in the reclassification of refugees as illegal migrants. The key difference in Hong Kong's effectiveness at stemming these two illegal migrant streams has been bilateral cooperation, which has been achieved with China but lacking in the case of Vietnam.
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Vagg, Jon. "Sometimes a Crime: Illegal Immigration and Hong Kong." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 3 (July 1993): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039003006.
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This article deals with the policies controlling migration from China to the British colony of Hong Kong. Immigrants have been responded to in different ways by the Hong Kong authorities, and often there has been a significant gap between legal provisions and policy implementation. The author argues that the primary determinants of the treatment of illegal immigrants in Hong Kong have been the economy and labor market, the fear of social unrest, and British foreign policy toward China. It is also pointed out that Hong Kong policies toward illegal immigrants have been used as political negotiating points by the Chinese authorities.
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Zhang, Di, Xiaming Wang, Xueru Yuan, Li Yang, Yu Xue, and Qian Xie. "Scientific publications in nursing journals from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: a 10-year survey of the literature." PeerJ 4 (March 14, 2016): e1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1798.
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Background:China has witnessed remarkable progress in scientific performance in recent years. However, the quantity and quality of nursing publications from three major regions (Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong) have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of scientific research productivity from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong in the field of nursing.Methods:Articles published in the 110 nursing journals originating from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong between 2005 and 2014 were retrieved from the Web of Science. The total number of articles published, the impact factor, and the citation count were analyzed.Results:There were 2,439 publications between 2005 and 2014 from China, including 438 from Mainland China, 1,506 from Taiwan, and 495 from Hong Kong. There was a significant increase in publications for these three regions (p < 0.05), especially for Mainland China, with a 59.50-fold increase experienced. From 2011, the number of publications from Mainland China exceeded that from Hong Kong. Taiwan had the highest total journal impact factor (2,142.81), followed by Hong Kong (720.39) and Mainland China (583.94). The mean journal impact factor from Hong Kong (1.46) was higher than that from Taiwan (1.42) and Mainland China (1.33). Taiwan had the highest total citation count (8,392), followed by Hong Kong (3,785) and Mainland China (1,493). The mean citation count from Hong Kong (7.65) was higher than that from Taiwan (5.57) and Mainland China (3.41). The Journal of Clinical Nursing was the most popular journal in the three regions.Discussion:Chinese contributions to the field of nursing have significantly increased in the past ten years, particularly from Mainland China. Taiwan is the most productive region in China. Hong Kong had the highest-quality research output, according to mean journal impact factor and mean citation count.
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Hsieh, Chang-Tai, and Keong T. Woo. "The Impact of Outsourcing to China on Hong Kong's Labor Market." American Economic Review 95, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 1673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282805775014272.
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We measure the impact of China's decision to open its economy in 1980 on outsourcing from Hong Kong and the relative demand for less-skilled workers. We show that the relative demand for skilled workers in Hong Kong increased at the same time outsourcing to China began to increase. The reallocation of workers from manufacturing to “outsourcing services” can account for 15 percent, and increased utilization of skilled workers within manufacturing industries for 30 percent, of the aggregate relative demand shift. In addition, the rate of skill upgrading has been greater in manufacturing industries that have seen a greater degree of outsourcing to China.
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Skeldon, Ronald. "Turning Points in Labor Migration: The Case of Hong Kong." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 1 (March 1994): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300106.
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The Hong Kong experience of emigration and immigration does not fit neatly into models of migration transition. As a city-state with a small rural population, it has exhibited different developmental characteristics from the larger Asian newly industrialized economies. Geopolitical factors have also played a key role in “patterns” of migration, such as restrictive immigration policies in receiving countries. Also significant are individual considerations of political and economic risk, as evidenced by the current rise in the emigration of skilled and professional workers prior to the return of Hong Kong to China. The author concludes that, rather than a simple turning point in labor migration, there may be multiple turning points in a complex sequence of change.
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BARKER, THOMAS ALEXANDER CHARLES. "Screen Connections between Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China." Issues & Studies 54, no. 01 (March 2018): 1840002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251118400027.
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To date Malaysia has occupied a peripheral position in studies of Chinese cinemas and East Asian pop culture, often overlooked in favor of the more productive centers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and increasingly China. By engaging with the field of Chinese transnationalism as developed by Aihwa Ong and others, this paper reconsiders Malaysia’s place in the broader Chinese media landscape and the role of Chinese Malaysians as agents driving Malaysia’s engagement with Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. Focusing on Malaysia, this paper explores Malaysia’s screen connections to China through the two vectors of Malaysian migration and Chinese co-productions entering Malaysia. Increasingly, Malaysian creative workers who are already quite mobile are moving in increasing numbers to Mainland China and working on Chinese entertainment projects. Primarily, they take on intermediary roles within China’s growing entertainment industries which need cosmopolitan, multi-lingual creative labor as it increasingly globalizes and seeks foreign partners. Conversely, as China’s industry expands outwards, it seeks co-production partners and locations and has found Malaysia to be conducive. In outlining this new screen industry relationship, this paper suggests cultural and economic implications and futures for Chinese cinemas in Southeast Asia and the role of Malaysia’s ethnic Chinese population.
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Shibuya, Kumiko, Hua Guo, and Eric Fong. "Unemployment Patterns of Local-Born and Migrant Youth in a Postcolonial Society: A Double Cohort Analysis." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 688, no. 1 (March 2020): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219896290.
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In this study, we use postcolonial and migration literature to discuss the differences in the labor market participation of the local-born and migrant youth populations in Hong Kong. Hong Kong was a British colony until it was returned to China in 1997. Drawing on the 1996, 2006, and 2016 Hong Kong Census data, we use the “double cohort” method to compare how the birth and migration cohorts are related to the patterns of unemployment in Hong Kong. We find that the birth and migration cohorts are independently related to the unemployment rate, that they strongly interact with the likelihood of youth unemployment, and that migrant youths have benefited from the postcolonial environment and have lower rates of unemployment. Specifically, those who are younger and who arrived in Hong Kong after 1997 are less likely to be unemployed than those who are older and resided in Hong Kong before 1997.
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VALENZUELA-SILVA, PILAR, and MONIT CHEUNG. "NEPALESE LIVING IN HONG KONG: SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND HIGHER EDUCATION ENHANCEMENT." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 50, no. 01n02 (January 2016): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924621600005x.
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With a focus on research conducted after Hong Kong reunited with China in 1997, this paper documents how the Nepalese immigrants living in Hong Kong processed their decision to either stay in Hong Kong or return to their home country. A review of 40 studies targeting Nepalese immigrants who chose to stay in Hong Kong found that these families were primarily influenced by: 1) their immigration history, including their roles as Gurkhas in the Hong Kong military and their contributions to the local labor force, and 2) their quality of living in Hong Kong versus Nepal. Among these 40 studies, only seven offered statistics with direct input from Nepalese research participants. Their responses show that the three different generations of Nepalese living in Hong Kong, while contributing to the cultural richness in Hong Kong, have experienced profound social exclusion. This article seeks to compile research findings to define issues facing Nepalese in Hong Kong and offers suggested solutions to the question: How can social workers help Nepalese in Hong Kong obtain economic and educational opportunities to enhance their quality of life? Implications for further research and social service interventions are explored with attention to social inclusion and promoting higher education opportunities.
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Chiu, Stephen W. K., Susanne Y. P. Choi, and Kwok-fai Ting. "Getting Ahead in the Capitalist Paradise: Migration from China and Socioeconomic Attainment in Colonial Hong Kong." International Migration Review 39, no. 1 (March 2005): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00260.x.
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This article examines the initial labor market outcome and the subsequent mobility process of Chinese immigrants in Colonial Hong Kong using complete work history data and event history modeling. Contrary to the rhetoric that Hong Kong is a capitalist paradise for adventurers, the data showed that immigrants were penalized in their initial class placement, subsequent mobility, and current income attainment. Differences in educational attainment and the lack of transferability of pre-migration human capital partly explained the attainment gap between immigrants and the natives. Yet the disadvantage of immigrants was also embedded in the local economic structure. The process of deindustrialization significantly lowered the chance of immigrants getting good first jobs when entering the labor market. Moreover, since deindustrialization benefited the natives by providing them with more opportunities in the service sector, it inadvertently widened the gap in upward mobility chances between natives and immigrants.
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Lai, Yingtong, and Aijia Li. "Migrant workers in a global city: the case of contemporary Hong Kong." Asian Education and Development Studies 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-02-2019-0028.
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Purpose Previous research has documented the ways that migration contributed to the rise of Hong Kong as a global city by the early 1990s. Much academic attention has been paid to the causes of labor migration and issues related to the adaptation of migrant workers in Hong Kong. Based on a review of such studies, the purpose of this paper is to describe three representative groups of migrant workers in Hong Kong and discuss how research on migrant workers in Hong Kong has provided new insights to the global city literature and to the study of development and migration. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews published works regarding migrant workers in Hong Kong since 1996. Discussion focuses on three representative groups: high-skilled immigrants from developed countries, low-skilled migrant workers from less developed regions and mainland Chinese immigrants. Findings Findings suggest that the migration patterns and challenges of the adaptation of migrant workers in Hong Kong correspond largely to the social polarization thesis proposed by global city literature. However, Hong Kong is unique compared to core global cities in the USA and Western Europe due to its special power relationship with mainland China and its colonial history, which have a significant impact on immigrants’ decision to migrate and their post-migration integration. Originality/value This review paper provides a better understanding of migration and development, and highlights new factors that contribute to reasons for migration and challenges of integration for migrant workers in the host society.
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Widodo, Tri. "Purchasing Power Parity and Productivity-Bias Hypothesis." Review of Economic and Business Studies 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2016-0001.
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AbstractThis paper examines the purchasing power parity (PPP) theorem adjusted the “productivity-bias hypothesis” or the Balassa-Samuelson effect (Balassa, 1964; Samuelson, 1964) for eight East Asian countries including Japan, New Industrializing Economies (NIE-3: Singapore; Hong Kong, China; and Korea), the ASEAN-3 (Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This paper applies three methods of analysis i.e. univariate time series, multivariate regression and Johansen multivariate cointegration. The three methods give the same conclusions. First, the PPP hypothesis does not hold in the case of the eight East Asian countries. Second, non-traded goods give significant contribution on the PPP deviation. It is confirmed by the existence of Balassa-Samuelson effect.
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Tjosvold, Dean, and Jane W. Moy. "Managing employees in China from Hong Kong: interaction, relationships and productivity as antecedents to motivation." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 19, no. 3 (June 1998): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437739810210194.
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Yi, Wen, and Albert Chan. "Effects of Heat Stress on Construction Labor Productivity in Hong Kong: A Case Study of Rebar Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091055.
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Chen, Haiyang, Michael Y. Hu, and G. Peter Zhang. "Overcoming Liability of Foreignness." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsds.2010070105.
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This study examines the liability of foreignness (LOF) faced by multinational enterprises (MNEs), and the effects of strategies employed to overcome the liability. Based on a sample of 3,085 Sino-foreign joint ventures formed in manufacturing sectors in China, the authors find that Hong Kong investors, who are often perceived to have lower LOF than investors from other countries, are more actively engaged in strategies to overcome the LOF. Specifically, Hong Kong investors actively adopt strategies to seek local markets, maintain investment flexibility, utilize their competitive advantages in labor-intensive industries, and leverage cooperative synergism to improve their performance. Investors from other countries adopt market seeking and cooperative synergy approach to improve performance.
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Sekiguchi, Sueo. "Foreign Investment in Asia in the 1990s: Trends, Problems and Implications for Manpower Movements." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100306.
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The diversity and rapidity of change in direct foreign investment (DFI) are described for flows among North America, Western Europe, Japan, ASEAN, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Korea and Russia. The U.S. share of DFI in Pacific Rim countries has declined, while that of Japan and Western Europe has increased. The NIEs have emerged as new investors in the region. The decline in U.S. DFI is likely to be compensated by Asian intra-regional flows initiated by Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong. On one hand, international capital flows can serve as a substitute for international labor flows; on the other, DFI can also give rise to bidirectional flows of manpower ranging from unskilled to professional levels.
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Hung, Jason. "Cultural Homelessness, Social Dislocation and Psychosocial Harms: An Overview of Social Mobility in Hong Kong and Mainland China." Asian Social Science 16, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n5p1.
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In order to facilitate collective decision making and breed productivity, it is important to ensure societies operate in a fair and just manner. Chinese literature has a propensity of relying on sociological theories from the modern West, prompting the review essay to address theories of capital, social mobility, cultural preferences and otherwise based on leading western literature. This review essay addresses how an increase in social mobility of those from lower social origins results in cultural homelessness and social dislocation, in relations to the experiences of psychosocial harms. As per western studies, the review essay examines the extent of cultural homelessness, social dislocation and psychosocial harms faced by upwardly mobilising cohorts in Hong Kong and China. To conclude, the essay argues upwardly mobilising cohorts in Hong Kong and China are likely to experience cultural homelessness, and the corresponding cohorts in China face salient problems of social dislocation. The encounters of cultural and social dilemmas are associated with the experiences of psychosocial harms for both populations.
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Asim, Ina. "Roslyn Lee Hammers, Pictures of Tilling and Weaving: Art, Labor, and Technology in Song and Yuan China, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2011, 293 pp." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 46, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04601009.
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Kalleberg, Arne L. "Labor Market Uncertainties and Youth Labor Force Experiences: Lessons Learned." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 688, no. 1 (March 2020): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220913861.
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Labor market uncertainties have plagued all countries in recent years, but young workers have borne the brunt of these uncertainties. Liberalization of labor markets has transformed work, creating a variety of nonstandard employment relations as well as increasing the number of people who do not have traditional employers. Macro social, political, and economic forces have also made it harder for young adults to gain solid footholds in the labor market. The articles in this issue of The ANNALS present empirical evidence about labor market uncertainties and youth labor force experiences from diverse regions of the world, both in the Global North and Global South: Asia (China, South Korea, Hong Kong, Caucasus and Central Asia); Latin/South America (Mexico, Brazil); Eastern Europe (Lithuania); Western Europe; and the United States. In this epilogue, I summarize the main insights from the articles and draw some broader conclusions about the future of labor market policies to address concerns related to workers’ insecurities and uncertainties.
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Fields, Gary S. "Changing Labor Market Conditions and Economic Development in Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, China." World Bank Economic Review 8, no. 3 (1994): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/8.3.395.
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Lai, Yan-ho, and Ming Sing. "Solidarity and Implications of a Leaderless Movement in Hong Kong." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/j.postcomstud.2020.53.4.41.
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In 2019, what began in Hong Kong as a series of rallies against a proposal to permit extraditions to mainland China grew into a raft of anti-authoritarian protests and challenges to Beijing’s grip on the city. Given the gravest political crisis confronting Hong Kong in decades, this research investigates why the protests have lacked centralized leaders and why the solidarity among the peaceful and militant protesters has been immense. This article also examines the strengths and limitations of this leaderless movement with different case studies. The authors argue that serious threats to the commonly cherished values in Hong Kong, amid the absence of stable and legitimate leaders in its democracy movement, underpinned the formation of a multitude of decentralized decision-making platforms that orchestrated the protests in 2019. Those platforms involved both well-known movement leaders organizing conventional peaceful protests and anonymous activists crafting a diversity of tactics in ingenious ways, ranging from economic boycotts, human chains around the city, artistic protests via Lennon Walls, to the occupying of the international airport. The decentralized decision-making platforms, while having generated a boon to the movement with their beneficial tactical division of labor, also produced risks to the campaign. The risks include the lack of legitimate representatives for conflict-deescalating negotiations, rise in legitimacy-sapping violence, and susceptibility to underestimating the risks of various tactics stemming from a dearth of thorough political communication among anonymous participants who had different goals and degrees of risk tolerance. In short, Hong Kong’s anti-extradition movement in 2019 sheds light on the basis of leaderless movements, and on both the strengths and risks of such movements.
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Fung, Hon-Ngen, and Chan-Yuan Wong. "Exploring the modernization process of traditional medicine: a Triple Helix perspective with insights from publication and trademark statistics." Social Science Information 54, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 327–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018415577504.
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The traditional medicine industry has undergone rapid modernization in the last 20 years, spurred on by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Traditional Medicine Agenda to integrate traditional medicine as a complement to conventional Western medicine. While the current literature tends to visualize traditional medical systems in silos within the context of their own national interests, we aim to evaluate and explore the changing innovation landscape in traditional medicine across several selected Asian economies in order to provide a snapshot of capability in this rapidly growing field of study. Adopting an evolutionary perspective of industrial progress, this study utilizes data relating to scientific publications and trademarks to indicate the trajectory of knowledge production and commercialization in traditional medicine, and thus to assess the modernization efforts of the selected economies. For this study, we observe innovative activity in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand between 1993 and 2012. The results show that Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, and South Korea have the most sophisticated innovation systems in terms of capability and productivity in the fields of science and innovation. Japan and Singapore have also shown strong growth, while Thailand and Malaysia are lagging behind the other selected economies.
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Yu, Renqiu. "Anita Chan, China's Workers Under Assault: The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy. Armonk, New York: ME Sharpe, 2001. 250 pp. $58.95 cloth; $22.95 paper." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904330139.
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This is a powerful book that documents and examines the horrible exploitation of labor in contemporary China, particularly the vulnerable migrant workers from rural areas. The bulk of the book is the compilation of more than twenty investigative stories that Chan selects from the Chinese language newspapers and journals published in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. All the investigative stories were written by Chinese reporters—some took great risks to do it—and translated into English by Chan and her collaborators. For each case Chan provides a short introduction and “comment” to help the reader comprehend the materials in context and to clarify certain references. In several cases Chan also gives follow-ups to the stories.
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FURUOKA, FUMITAKA. "UNEMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION." Singapore Economic Review 62, no. 05 (December 2017): 983–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759081550085x.
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This study empirically examined unemployment dynamics in 12 countries in the Asia-Pacific region, namely, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Australia and New Zealand. It used quarterly data on the unemployment rates from the first quarter of 1980 to the first quarter of 2013. This paper employed three different econometric methods, including the recently-developed powerful unit root test with structural break (Lee and Strazicich, 2003, 2004) and the nonlinear unit root test (Enders and Lee, 2012). The findings indicated that the unemployment rates in five countries of the region, namely, China, Taiwan, South Korea, the Philippines and Thailand, had highly dynamic labor markets in which higher-than-normal unemployment rates would revert to the normal level. The other seven Asia-Pacific countries had less dynamic labor markets. The findings of this study have some important policy implications.
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Ainslie, Kylie E. C., Caroline E. Walters, Han Fu, Sangeeta Bhatia, Haowei Wang, Xiaoyue Xi, Marc Baguelin, et al. "Evidence of initial success for China exiting COVID-19 social distancing policy after achieving containment." Wellcome Open Research 5 (April 28, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15843.1.
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Background: The COVID-19 epidemic was declared a Global Pandemic by WHO on 11 March 2020. By 24 March 2020, over 440,000 cases and almost 20,000 deaths had been reported worldwide. In response to the fast-growing epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, China imposed strict social distancing in Wuhan on 23 January 2020 followed closely by similar measures in other provinces. These interventions have impacted economic productivity in China, and the ability of the Chinese economy to resume without restarting the epidemic was not clear. Methods: Using daily reported cases from mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, we estimated transmissibility over time and compared it to daily within-city movement, as a proxy for economic activity. Results: Initially, within-city movement and transmission were very strongly correlated in the five mainland provinces most affected by the epidemic and Beijing. However, that correlation decreased rapidly after the initial sharp fall in transmissibility. In general, towards the end of the study period, the correlation was no longer apparent, despite substantial increases in within-city movement. A similar analysis for Hong Kong shows that intermediate levels of local activity were maintained while avoiding a large outbreak. At the very end of the study period, when China began to experience the re-introduction of a small number of cases from Europe and the United States, there is an apparent up-tick in transmission. Conclusions: Although these results do not preclude future substantial increases in incidence, they suggest that after very intense social distancing (which resulted in containment), China successfully exited its lockdown to some degree. Elsewhere, movement data are being used as proxies for economic activity to assess the impact of interventions. The results presented here illustrate how the eventual decorrelation between transmission and movement is likely a key feature of successful COVID-19 exit strategies.
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Ainslie, Kylie E. C., Caroline E. Walters, Han Fu, Sangeeta Bhatia, Haowei Wang, Xiaoyue Xi, Marc Baguelin, et al. "Evidence of initial success for China exiting COVID-19 social distancing policy after achieving containment." Wellcome Open Research 5 (October 1, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15843.2.
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Background: The COVID-19 epidemic was declared a Global Pandemic by WHO on 11 March 2020. By 24 March 2020, over 440,000 cases and almost 20,000 deaths had been reported worldwide. In response to the fast-growing epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, China imposed strict social distancing in Wuhan on 23 January 2020 followed closely by similar measures in other provinces. These interventions have impacted economic productivity in China, and the ability of the Chinese economy to resume without restarting the epidemic was not clear. Methods: Using daily reported cases from mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, we estimated transmissibility over time and compared it to daily within-city movement, as a proxy for economic activity. Results: Initially, within-city movement and transmission were very strongly correlated in the five mainland provinces most affected by the epidemic and Beijing. However, that correlation decreased rapidly after the initial sharp fall in transmissibility. In general, towards the end of the study period, the correlation was no longer apparent, despite substantial increases in within-city movement. A similar analysis for Hong Kong shows that intermediate levels of local activity were maintained while avoiding a large outbreak. At the very end of the study period, when China began to experience the re-introduction of a small number of cases from Europe and the United States, there is an apparent up-tick in transmission. Conclusions: Although these results do not preclude future substantial increases in incidence, they suggest that after very intense social distancing (which resulted in containment), China successfully exited its lockdown to some degree. Elsewhere, movement data are being used as proxies for economic activity to assess the impact of interventions. The results presented here illustrate how the eventual decorrelation between transmission and movement is likely a key feature of successful COVID-19 exit strategies.
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Chen, Zhihong, Yuyan Guan, and Bin Ke. "Are Stock Option Grants to Directors of State-Controlled Chinese Firms Listed in Hong Kong Genuine Compensation?" Accounting Review 88, no. 5 (April 1, 2013): 1547–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50504.
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ABSTRACT: We examine the determinants and consequences of stock option compensation to directors of state-controlled Chinese firms that are incorporated outside China and listed in Hong Kong, referred to as state-controlled Red Chip firms, over the period 1990–2005. We find that state-controlled Red Chip firms granted directors a significant number of stock options in response to the demand of foreign investors. However, state-controlled Red Chip firms forced the directors to forfeit a significant percentage of their vested in-the-money stock options due to a conflict between the high-powered stock option compensation and state-controlled Red Chip firms' unique managerial labor market. We find little evidence that directors' stock option compensation changed the behavior of state-controlled Red Chip firms. Overall, our results are consistent with the media's allegation that the stock options granted to directors of many, if not all, state-controlled Red Chip firms are not genuine compensation. JEL Classifications: D21, G32, J33, M40, N25 Data Availability: Data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
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Sepasgozar, Samad M. E., Anqi Shi, Liming Yang, Sara Shirowzhan, and David J. Edwards. "Additive Manufacturing Applications for Industry 4.0: A Systematic Critical Review." Buildings 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10120231.
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Additive manufacturing, including 3D printing (3DP), is one of the critical pillars of Industry 4.0 and the next construction revolution. Several countries, including China, have utilized 3DP on larger scales or real projects. However, reviews of the lessons learned from previous large-sized practices of 3DP utilization are scarce. This paper presents a few practical applications of implementing 3DP over the past decade and suggests a direction for future research work. Recent publications on 3DP practices are systematically reviewed using an interpretivist philosophical lens, and more specifically, the nozzle characteristics are focused upon. The Scopus and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) journal databases are utilized, resulting in the examination of 54 English and 62 Chinese papers. The selected practices from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao are considered for this review. A content critical review approach is adopted, and the identified papers are critically reviewed. These papers reported key challenges and advantages from their reported practices, such as limitations in aggregate sizes, nozzle sizes, standards, post-occupancy satisfaction, final product quality, productivity challenges and other associated risks. The paper reports upon prominent limitations and signposts directions for future investigations.
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NONTHAPOT, Sakkarin. "Tourism Supply Efficiency: An Analysis of Countries in the Asia-Pacific Region." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.4(52).26.
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The objective of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the tourism supply and its efficiency of the tourism supply for countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The method uses the stochastic frontier with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) analyzed by Frontier software. 4.1. The data were collected from panel data from 2010 - 2019 for 23 countries. The results of the study revealed that 1) Tourism investment from the private sector and timing factors positively affect the tourism supply of countries in the Asia-Pacific region, while the tourism labor value factor has a negative effect on the tourism supply of countries in the region 2) For the technical performance measurement of tourism supply in each sub-region in the Asia-Pacific region, the average is between 0.387 and 0.657. East Asia shows the highest technical efficiency in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau and Mongolia while South Asia has the lowest technical efficiency in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives, respectively.
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Bosma, Ulbe. "Communism, Cold War and Commodity Chains: Southeast Asian Labor History in a Comparative and Transnational Perspective." International Labor and Working-Class History 97 (2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547920000022.
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The geographical term “Southeast Asia” dates from the 1930s, and came to denote a topic for academic studies in the early days of the Cold War. As such, it includes Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indochina, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines. Southeast Asia has become thoroughly incorporated in the global economy over the past 150 years; first, as a producer of commodities, and later, as a supplier of cheap garments and electronic components. Under Dutch colonialism and British hegemony—the latter established by the conquest of Burma and the imposition of free trade on Siam and the Philippines in the 1850s—Southeast Asia was turned into a key provider of commodities for the industrializing countries. During high colonialism, from 1870 to 1930, the region became increasingly intertwined, via Singapore as the central port and through the role of mainland Southeast Asia as the rice basket for the plantations of maritime Southeast Asia. After the Second World War, the region was the world's most violent frontier of containment for communist expansion. In recent decades, Southeast Asia has become integrated in global commodity chains as a producer of cheap industrial goods, often as a subcontractor for more advanced economies, such as those of Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, and later on, Southeast China.
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Tewari, Meenu. "Is Price and Cost Competitiveness Enough for Apparel Firms to Gain Market Share in the World after Quotas? A Review." Global Economy Journal 6, no. 4 (November 23, 2006): 1850096. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1134.
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This paper challenges the frequently held position that price, volumes and cost-competitiveness will be enough for export success among apparel producers in supplier countries post-MFA. Based on a review of the growing literature on the changing organization of production and trade regimes in the global textiles and apparel industry, the paper argues that while cost-competitiveness is important, several additional, non-price and institutional factors are key to the competitiveness of textile and apparel producers going forward. In an environment of volatility and intensified competition where buyers increasingly demand variety, quality, and timely delivery in addition to price, competing on the basis of low wages and large volumes can lock producers at the lowest end of the value chain where price competition is the harshest and where opportunities to cultivate the skills needed to sustain competitiveness are limited. The paper illustrates this with examples from China, India and Latin America. Specifically, it makes the point that the attribution of China's remarkable export performance in textiles and apparel to its low labor costs and large production scales is, in part, a misreading of the China story. China's unit costs are low, and its production scales enormous, but they are embedded within crucial abilities, key investments by the state, and access to world class distribution networks organized by locally rooted Hong Kong, Taiwanese and South Korean companies that have helped lower the "costs" of large scales of operation (i.e., of rigidity) in the context of uncertain markets. The end of quotas, and the ongoing churning in the global division of labor can be an opportunity for apparel firms to chart an alternative growth path based on deeper skills, innovation, design and quality upgrading, in addition to low unit costs.
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Radomska, Ewa. "Kierunki rozwoju globalnego klastra technologii i innowacji Greater Bay Area w Chinach – stan i perspektywy." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 73, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2020.73.4.09.
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The purpose of this article is to describe the main directions for developing the global technology and innovation cluster Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Strengthening productivity and enhancing innovation have become focal points of the country’s next phase of economic growth. Under the conditions of the depleting traditional sources of growth and economic development in China, the initiatives aimed at the development of cluster structures play an important role in improving competitiveness, innovation and innovativeness of the economy. Among them, attention should be paid to the ambitious project to connect the major cities from the southern coast of China with Hong Kong and Macau into a cluster to provide an integrated economic and business centre of modern China. The main research question is: What are the opportunities and challenges in making the cluster concept at the initial stage of development a reality? A descriptive, comparative and analytical method has been used. The analysis has led to a few main conclusions. The GBA cluster has a great development potential. Creating a fully integrated region under the conditions of a collision between different legal, administrative systems and currency and business practices is a challenge. In order for a cluster to grow, it is essential to strengthen regional cooperation and to continue efforts to eliminate institutional and legal barriers in the region, to introduce incentives to encourage the establishment and development of cooperation between cluster participants, to provide reliable information and data on changes in the legal sphere and economic forecasts, and to create high quality local relationships to build and strengthen mutual partnership and trust.
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Cao, Xuping, Shuai Yang, Xiangmeng Huang, and Juxi Tong. "Dynamic Decomposition of Factors Influencing the Export Growth of China’s Wood Forest Products." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2018): 2780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082780.
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Wood forest products (WFPs) are globally important environmental products, with economic, ecological, and renewable characteristics. China is the world’s largest WFP exporter. However, many factors, such as the downturn of traditional major export markets and the rise of the price of production factors, have generated great challenges and uncertainties for China’s WFP export market. This study improves the product scope of WFPs. The category of WFPs has been expanded to 14 categories and 30 sub-categories, which is more detailed and more developed than in previous literature. Based on the United Nations’ Comtrade Database (COMTRADE), this paper uses the revised constant market share (CMS) model to measure and analyze empirically the factors affecting the export growth of China’s WFPs from the perspective of market, structure, and competitiveness. It is found that (1) the competitive effect exerts the biggest influence on export growth, followed by market size effects, with the effects of market distribution and product structure both being small; (2) wooden furniture, wooden products, plywood, paper, and its products play a main role in enhancing the competitive effect in China’s WFPs; and (3) China’s WFPs have a strong market competitiveness in other markets such as the USA, China Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Therefore, it is crucial for China’s WFP market to improve its product structure effects and market distribution effects in order for it to participate in international competition. On the other hand, considering that China’s exports of WFPs mainly consist of resource- and labor-intensive products, the improvement of standards such as the technology level, environmental protection and sustainable development, must not be ignored.
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Mashevska, Anzhelika. "WAGE PAYMENTS IN THE WORLD." Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2020-1-5.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze earnings in different countries of the world. The wages of the population of different countries are analyzed: the USA, Canada, the former Soviet Union countries, the rating of 30 states-leaders on average salary (gross) is made. It is proved that, in addition to national statistical institutions, international organizations are also engaged in the compilation of wage ratings. Their statistical surveys are highly reliable: when calculating the average wage, salaries of employees are taken into account, emphasizing their qualifications and work experience, without taking into account businesspersons, private or individual entrepreneurs, pensioners, assisted persons and others. Method. According to the ratings, the list of the most sought after and highly profitable professions is constantly changing. The labor market is out of place, and before the prestigious specialties cease to be relevant, and their place is occupied by new ones, the demand of representatives of a profession also depends on the region. What has become of further development is that in recent years many popular and unusual professions have appeared in the countries of the Far East: Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and others. For example, many Ukrainian citizens teach English as a "native" language in China. It is important for the Chinese that the teacher be European, and the demand for language courses is enormous (especially in the province). Results. For those citizens who have pronounced Caucasian features, they have blond hair, fair complexion, and eyes that are beautiful and young, with even greater opportunities to earn money, the trend for the European appearance in China, Korea and Japan is huge. Value/originality. According to the analysis of the countries with the highest average salary level, 20 positions belong to the European countries, 2 are from America and Oceania and 6 are Asian. The important products and services can have a serious impact on cost of living, with 100 USD being of different weight in Japan and in Ukraine. Therefore, the inflationary processes that enter the economy significantly affect the level of wages of people, which in turn affects the standard of living of the population.
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Belikova, Ksenia Michailovna. "Theoretical and practical aspects of legal qualification of virtual property in Russia and abroad." Юридические исследования, no. 7 (July 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2021.7.35869.
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The subject of this research is the theoretical and practical aspects of legal qualification of virtual property – digital online objects (cryptocurrencies, game property, user accounts, etc.) in Russia and abroad. Virtual property is viewed through the prism of the concept of “asset” / “economic asset”, established in the national and foreign legislation and doctrine. Real right to game objects in online games are considered through the lens of John Locke’s labor theory of property (acquisition), M. Radin’s theory of personality, theories of utilitarianism (deterrence of negative behavior and economic efficiency), law enforcement practices and legislation (South Korea, China, etc.). Real right to online accounts (Google, Yahoo etc.) are examined in the context of allowability of transferring personal and business accounts from the perspective of property and conventional law. The relevance, theoretical and practical importance of this research is are substantiated by supplementing the tangible objects of proprietary right with digital, created in modern reality with the use of digital technologies (cryptocurrencies, tokens, etc.), which requires clarification of their legal regime in the context of the effective legislation of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, ideas for its amendment, and law enforcement practice. The author concludes that the legal doctrine of a number of countries, distinguishing tangible and intangible, virtual objects (game objects, user accounts) recognized the existence and legal status of virtual property (Hong Kong, European Union, South Korea, Russian Federation, Taiwan), qualifying it as the analogue of digital information and content; legally - movable (Taiwan) or other (Russian Federation) property; property (the European Court of Human Rights) or utilitarian (mandatory) digital (Russian Federation) rights; economically – virtual (financial, in form of future income), and material (in form of commercial ties, domain names, etc.) assets (the European Court of Human Rights, Russian Federation).
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Nguyen, Tho, and Chau Ngo. "Impacts of the US macroeconomic news on Asian stock markets." Journal of Risk Finance 15, no. 2 (March 17, 2014): 149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-09-2013-0064.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the spillover effect of 14 US key macroeconomic news on the first two moments of 12 Asian stock market returns. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collect market expectation and actual scheduled announcements data for 14 key US's macroeconomic announcements from January 2002 to April 2012 from Bloomberg. The dataset consists of six groups: monetary policy and general macroeconomic indicators: the Federal Reserve's target interest rates (FOMC), gross domestic product (GDP), and leading indicator (LI); price indicators: consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI); business indicator: housing starts (HS) and industrial production (IP); consumption indicators: retail sales (RS) and consumer confidence level (CONSUM); labor market indicators: non-farm payroll (NFP), unemployment level (UE), and jobless claim (JOB); and external sector indicators: current account (CA) and trade balance (TB). The authors also collect daily opening and closing data of 12 Asian stock markets. Following Dow Jones classification, the authors divide them into two groups: five developed markets (Japan, Hong Kong, Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan), and seven emerging markets (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand). The MA-EGARCH (1,1) model is used for the empirical test. Findings – First, the authors find that stronger than expected news from the USA is associated with higher conditional mean and lower conditional variance of the Asian stock market returns, in general. Second, the Asian stock markets tend to put more weight on information relating to the US labor market than the other news as this indicator reveals much information about the underlying health of the US economy since full employment is the most important mandate for the US administration and policy makers. Third, in responding to the US news, the Asian emerging markets seem to respond stronger to the US news than the Asian developed markets both in terms of the number of responses and the magnitude of the reaction. This suggests that this could be seen as evidence that emerging markets are more dependent on the information content of the US news than the developed markets. Fourth, the US news is absorbed gradually leading to persisting volatility responses in the Asian stock markets. Originality/value – The authors fill a gap in the extant literature in investigating the speeds of the news absorption across the Asia region by examining the spillover effects across three time horizons, namely daily, overnight and intraday.
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Olson, Ordean. "Productivity Demand Shocks And Asia-Pacific Real Exchange Rates." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v8i2.3101.
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The evidence for a productivity-based explanation for real exchange rate behavior of East Asian currencies is examined using sectoral output and employment data, relative prices and relative productivities for China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Time series regressions of the real exchange rate on relative productivity ratios indicate significant relationships for the Philippines, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan and Korea. Only when augmenting the regressions with real oil prices are significant relationships obtained for Indonesia and Japan. Panel regression results are less supportive of a relative productivity view of real exchange rates except for Hong Kong, China and Thailand. Surprisingly, government spending does not appear to be a determinant of real exchange rates except for the countries of Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand.
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Li, Jun. "Precarious work and labor market segmentation: a comparative study on mainland China and Hong Kong." Journal of Chinese Sociology 6, no. 1 (August 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40711-019-0105-1.
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Li, Jun. "Correction to: Precarious work and labor market segmentation: a comparative study on mainland China and Hong Kong." Journal of Chinese Sociology 6, no. 1 (October 29, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40711-019-0110-4.
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Pan, Mi, and Wei Pan. "Advancing Formwork Systems for the Production of Precast Concrete Building Elements: from Manual to Robotic." Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings, September 29, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/mocs1.
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The utilization of precast concrete offers significant benefits in terms of increased material efficiency, safety, labor productivity, and reduced time, cost and wastage over conventional on- site construction. In the meantime, challenges exist in the precast concrete production in the high requirements for dimensional accuracy of precast elements, flexibility and reusability of formwork, and stability of shuttering. Formwork systems are a critical component of the precast production line, which is also the key to innovation from manual to automated and robotic. Previous studies seldom examined the competitive features of such systems within the context of the building prefabrication process. The aim of this paper is to explore the future development directions of, and to identify transferable advanced technologies for, advanced formwork systems in the production of precast concrete building elements. The research was carried out by comparing the conventional and advanced approaches drawing on the case of high-rise buildings in Hong Kong. The results indicate that automation and robotic technologies offer unique advantages in the betterment of the formwork system. Besides gains in productivity, reliability and accuracy, the adoption of robotic systems also provide the great benefit of cost-effectiveness owing to the high labor cost and fast growing market in Hong Kong. However, there also exist barriers to advancing formwork systems for precast, including industry and culture reluctance, high capital costs and skill shortages. The findings should contribute to a better understanding of how automated and robotic technologies could advance the formwork systems in the precast production, which can further reap the benefits of prefabrication and facilitate innovation in building industry.
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"Global Activity, Impact and Collaborative Trends of Business Research – A Bibliometric Research." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 6S3 (November 22, 2019): 1644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f1307.0986s319.
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An analysis of global publication productivity, impact and trend of collaborations in business research using Scopus database during the period 1998-2017 is presented. Bibliometric techniques are used for analysis of data. This study finds, 2016 and 2017 as productive and collaborative, whereas 2005, 2007 and 2006 as highly cited years. Collaborative papers are above 50% and Kasemsap, K. is the most productive author and all his papers are single authored. Hong Kong Polytechnic University of China has greater productivity, Collaborative papers and second highest citations gained. United States and United Kingdom leads for their productivity and citations received but their collaborative efforts are less than 50%. India has 7th position with 1538 (3.11%) publication share. Journal of Business Ethics is the highest productive journal. Harvard Business Review is the highly cited journal. Porter, M. E. is the highly cited author having 3389 citations for his single contribution. Out of top 10 highly cited papers six are single authored.
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Ali, Asifa, Irfan Ahmad Hakak, and Faseeh Amin. "Assessing the Coronavirus Research Output: A Bibliometric Analysis." Global Business Review, December 4, 2020, 097215092097511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150920975116.
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The aim of this article is to examine the bibliometric analysis of global publication output on coronavirus, as covered in Web of Science during the period from 2000 to 2019. A total of 10,861 documents were found during a 20-year period spanning from 2000 to 2019 published in the ISI Web of Science. The study analyses annual productivity, most productive source titles, prolific countries, eminent institutions, linguistic analysis and productivity of authors and their contribution in the subject area. The findings reveal that the most productive year of publication was 2004 that included 782 publications with the majority published in the Journal of Virology. The result further indicates that the USA, China and Germany are the most productive countries in the field of Coronavirus research output. In terms of institutional output, University of Hong Kong emerged as the most productive institution; Yuen KY from Hong Kong is the most prolific author. In the subject category type, the most prominent subject field is Virology, Infectious Disease and Veterinary Science. The findings of the study are limited to the data harvested from ‘Web of Science’. This study is of immense relevance to researchers and academicians who are searching for answers to this pandemic. This will provide insights to academicians to collaborate with other researchers based on the quality of the research produced by other countries and institutes. The study is useful for researchers, immunologists and epidemiologists who are interested in the field of Coronavirus and serves as a base for future research.
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Turki, Houcemeddine, Mohamed Ali Hadj Taieb, Mohamed Ben Aouicha, and Anastassios Pouris. "Infectious epidemics and the research output of nations: A data-driven analysis." Journal of Information Science, April 9, 2021, 016555152110066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01655515211006605.
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During the last years, several infectious diseases have caused widespread nationwide epidemics that affected information seeking behaviours, people mobility, economics and research trends. Examples of these epidemics are 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in mainland China and Hong Kong, 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic in Guinea and Sierra Leone, 2015–2016 Zika epidemic in Brazil, Colombia and Puerto Rico and the recent COVID-19 epidemic in China and other countries. In this research article, we investigate the effect of large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases on the research productivity and landscape of nations through the analysis of the research outputs of main countries affected by SARS, Zika and Ebola epidemics as returned by Web of Science Core Collection. Despite the mobility restrictions and the limitations of work conditions due to the epidemics, we surprisingly found that the research characteristics and productivity of the countries that have excellent or moderate research traditions and communities are not affected by infectious epidemics due to their robust long-term research structures and policy. Similarly, large-scale infectious outbreaks can even boost the research productivity of countries with limited research traditions thanks to international capacity building collaborations provided by organisations and associations from leading research countries.
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Saulevych, Anastasiia. "FEATURES OF MEDIATION IN CHINA." International scientific journal "Internauka". Series: "Juridical Sciences", no. 4(38) (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25313/2520-2308-2021-4-7120.
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The article examines the institute of mediation in the People's Republic of China. The reasons for the widespread mediation procedure in China are outlined. The influence of Confucian ethics and Taoist practice on the mediation procedure in China is analyzed, its constituent elements are determined. The organizational and legal bases of functioning of mediation in the given country are investigated, the legal status of mediators in labor disputes, national conciliation commissions, national mediators is outlined. The main normative legal acts of the People's Republic of China regulating the mediation procedure are analyzed. Types of mediation in China are identified: mediation in labor disputes, public mediation, judicial mediation, administrative mediation, legal mediation, commercial mediation. The peculiarities of the mediation procedure, the defining principles of mediation, the rights and obligations of the parties, the role of the mediator in the dispute resolution procedure are described. The types of judicial mediation and the main ways of interaction of courts with mediation organizations are indicated. The main mediation organizations in China (Mediation Center of the China Council for International Trade Promotion, Hong Kong Mediation and Mediation Center) are considered. The peculiarities of concluding and executing agreements based on the results of mediation, the possibility of approving the agreement by the people's court are studied. The role of the Singapore Convention in the development of the institution of mediation in China is determined. The main online mediation platforms are analyzed, the current number of mediation organizations and mediators in China is determined. Prospective directions of improving the institution of mediation in China are proposed, in particular, reorientation of emphasis during the mediation procedure on the rights and interests of the parties, professionalization of mediation, facilitation of cooperation between courts and mediation organizations, improvement of mediation legislation, further active introduction of modern technologies.
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Lo-Hui, Karen Y. L. "Studies to evaluate the outcome of DM in the public and private sector in China." International Journal of Disability Management 9 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/idm.2014.29.
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Disability management (DM) is quite a fresh idea to Mainland China (Mainland). The government has thus turned to professionals from outside Mainland, i.e. Hong Kong (HK). Nevertheless, since HK is under ‘one country, two systems’ policy, it has developed an approach differing from that of Mainland. A DM pilot study was jointly conducted by the Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Center (GPWIRC) and the Hong Kong Workers’ Health Centre (HKWHC) to review the developments of DM reform in China and HK. In China, the foundation of DM approach is the work injury insurance system. Under this system, GPWIRC established her services to provide work injury prevention and occupational rehabilitation as a pilot study in early 2000s. Following this pilot project, GPWIRC further develops work and social rehabilitation and work injury prevention in the context of the labor insurance system. While in HK, mainly NGOs, insurance companies and some public organizations contribute to the promotion of DM approach. On the other hand, the study also reveals similar challenges that Mainland and HK are currently facing in the development of DM, such as professional's training in local rehabilitation, the underdeveloped reimbursement system and etc.. The aforementioned pilot study shows that DM's principles are accepted at a national level and some specific public organizations in China context. There thus is a research need to study the current DM development situation in the private sector. By doing so, an ongoing study, namely “Demographic change and private sector disability management in Australia, Canada, China and Switzerland. A comparative study” launched in Nov. 2013. Through this research, questions of process and procedure of the DM system used in the company, benefits gained and drawbacks encountered by the companies, and the strengths and weaknesses in the current DM systems will be answered. Other than that, data will also be collected from the employees’ perspective on their job satisfaction, physical and mental health, employee morale and workplace attendance and etc.. The primary result is expected in 2016.
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Kim, J., R. H. W. Chan, K. L. Leung, K. Y. M. Chan, R. Y. Chung, B. Fong, T. S. Sumerlin, S. Siu, and J. J. Lee. "Second-hand harms of alcohol use in urban Chinese university students: A study from Hong Kong." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.383.
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Abstract Background Although second-harms alcohol harms, harms caused by the drinking of others, may contribute significantly to the public health burden of alcohol, these harms are an understudied area of public health research. This study aims to examine second-hand alcohol harms in among urban Chinese university students residing on campus who are were previously identified as a high risk group for alcohol misuse. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among hostel residents in two Hong Kong universities (n = 1455) using self-administered, anonymous surveys. We examined the prevalance and the factors associated with second-hand alcohol harms this population using multivariable regression analysis. Results Approximately 2/3 of the university residents experienced at least one second-hand drinking harm in the past year while 1/5 experienced 4 or more harms. The harms reported were: 1) inconveniences/disturbances (46.2%), psychological distress/anxiety/depression (32.9%), home arguments (28.3%), conflicts/arguments/insults in public (25.3%), worsened productivity/academics (22.2%), property damage/monetary loss (13.2%), accidents/injury/assault (11.7%) and having to deal with authorities/law enforcement (11.5%). Only 9.1% reported these harms to authorities. Participation in drinking games (OR = 1.44), having drinking roomates (OR = 1.37) or drinking romantic partner (OR = 1.89) were independently associated with likelihood of second-hand alcohol harms (p < 0.05). Conclusions Although southern China is a low alcohol consumption region, there is a high prevalence of second-hand alcohol harms among university dorm residents. Universities in the region should rectify the near absence of alcohol-related topics in university health promotion. Key messages Harms from the drinking of others is a commonplace but underappreciated phenomenon among university campus residents. University health promotion in the region should include alcohol harms reduction topics.
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Chan, Jenny. "Dying for an iPhone: The Labour Struggle of China’s New Working Class." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 12, no. 2 (October 2, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v12i2.637.
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The presented sociological research analyses the ways in which the integration of the electronics manufacturing industry in global supply chains has intensified labour conflicts and class antagonism. The Taiwanese transnational corporation Foxconn Technology Group holds more than 50 percent of market share in global electronics manufacturing. Its 1.4 million employees in China far exceed its combined workforce in 28 other countries that comprise its global empire. I assess the conditions of a new generation of Chinese workers on the basis of the intertwined policies and practices of Foxconn, international brands (notably Apple), and the local government, as well as the diverse forms of collective actions workers deploy to defend their rights and interests. Within the tight delivery deadlines, some Foxconn workers leveraged their power to disrupt production to demand higher pay and better conditions. While all of these labour struggles were short-lived and limited in scope to a single factory, protestors exposed the injustice of “iSlavery,” garnering wide media attention and civil society support. Contradictions of state-labour-capital relations, however, remain sharp. In the authoritarian regime, notwithstanding the resilience of the Chinese state in the face of sustained popular unrest over the last two decades, my ethnographic study highlights the unstable nature of precarious labour in its hundreds of millions.The published audio is a recording of a talk in the University of Westminster's CAMRI Research Seminar on October 1, 2014, see also http://www.westminster.ac.uk/camri/ and http://www.westminster.ac.uk/camri/research-seminarsAn article related to this talk has been published open access in the Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus: http://www.japanfocus.org/-Pun-Ngai/3981Biography:Jenny Chan was Chief Coordinator of SACOM (Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior) between 2006 and 2009. Educated at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Hong Kong, she went on to pursue her doctorate in sociology and labour studies as a Reid Research Scholar at University of London. She was awarded the Great Britain-China Educational Trust for dissertation writing (PhD diss. 2014). In September 2014 she joined the University of Oxford as Departmental Lecturer in Contemporary Chinese Studies, the School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies. Her recent articles have appeared in Current Sociology, Modern China, The Asia-Pacific Journal, The South Atlantic Quarterly, Global Labour Journal, New Labor Forum, Labor Notes, New Internationalist and New Technology, Work and Employment.http://www.area-studies.ox.ac.uk/dr-jenny-chan
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"Harnessing constrained resources in service industry via video analytics." Archives of Industrial Engineering, May 19, 2018, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31829/2637-9252/aie-1(1)-104.
Full textAbstract:
Service industries contribute significantly to many developed and developing - economies. As their business activities expand rapidly, many service companies struggle to maintain customer’s satisfaction due to sluggish service response caused by resource shortages. Anticipating resource shortages and proffering solutions before they happen is an effective way of reducing the adverse effect on operations. However, this proactive approach is very expensive in terms of capacity and labor costs. Many companies fall into productivity conundrum as they fail to find sufficient strong arguments to justify the cost of a new technology yet cannot afford not to invest in new technologies to match up with competitors. The question is whether there is an innovative solution to maximally utilize available resources and drastically reduce the effect that the shortages of resources may cause yet achieving high level of service quality at a low cost. This work demonstrates with a practical analysis of a trolley tracking system we designed and deployed at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) on how video analytics helps achieve management’s goal of satisfying customer’s needs via real-time detection and prevention of problems they may encounter during the service consumption process using existing video technology rather than adopting new technologies. This paper presents the integration of commercial video surveillance system with deep learning algorithms for video analytics. We show that our system can provide accurate decision when faced with total or partial occlusion with high accuracy and it significantly improves daily operation. It is envisioned that this work will heighten the appreciation of integrative technologies for resource management within the service industries and as a measure for real-time customer assistance.