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1
Chen, Xi. "Three Essays on Labor Supply in China." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81258.
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This dissertation consists of three essays studying the determination and evolution of labor supply in China. The analysis especially focuses on the labor market behavior of the wage workers with urban registration (Hukou). The first chapter outlines the dissertation by briefly discussing the motivations, methods, and main findings in each of the following chapters.
Chapter two examines the evolution of female labor supply in urban China. Female labor force participation rate in China has been declining rapidly over the last three decades. Using a time series of cross-sections from the Chinese Household Income Project Series (CHIPS), this chapter attempts to systematically relate the decrease in female labor force participation to the socio-economic changes happening in China during the same period, and assess their respective contributions. Adopting both linear and non-linear decomposition techniques, the results show that during 1988-1995, changes in population age distribution and family size both contribute, during 1995-2002, age effect dominates, and during 2002-2007, non-labor income effect dominates in explaining the decreasing trend in female labor force participation.
Chapter three investigates the impact of social norms on married women's labor supply decision in China. Using data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) and the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we find a strong and robust positive correlation between the labor supply behavior of a married woman and the former work experience of her mother-in-law. Our estimation results indicate that being raised by a working mother influences both a man's attitude toward gender roles and his household productivity, and therefore married women whose mothers-in-law were not working are themselves significantly less likely to participate in the labor force.
The last chapter evaluates the labor market consequence of rural-to-urban migration in China. Starting from the mid-1990s, there is a remarkable increase in the number of migrant workers in cities, from around 39 million in 1997 to 145 million by 2009 (Meng et al. 2013). Chapter four intends to explore how does this important economic event affect the labor market conditions of urban residents. Specifically, we estimate the possible employment and earnings displacement effects of rural-to-urban migration on urban residents by exploiting regional variation in the rural migrant share of education-experience cells. We use multiple sets of instrumental variable to address the potential endogeneity problems associated with the rural migrant ratio in a city. The estimation results are consistent with the predictions of the textbook model of a competitive labor market, indicating the inflow of rural migrants reduces the wage and labor supply of competing urban residents.Ph. D.
2
Liu, Zhibin. "Labour supply in China 1982-2002." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/120689.
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The thesis analyses the current situation of the
labour force in China, including its dimensions,
composition, structure, distribution and participation
patterns. Furthermore, based on this, a projection is
made of the future supply of the labour force in China
during 1982-2002. The analysis is based mainly on 1982
Population Census data.
The thesis is organized in six chapters. The
first one is an introduction in which the importance and
definition of labour force studies and some basic
background information about China will be explained.
The second and third chapters analyse the current
situation of the labour force and trends of labour force
participation. It is demonstrated that rapid growth of
the labour force in China since 1949 has resulted in
continuing structural problems which have not been
conducive to development of a modern economy. These two
chapters are also the preparation for constructing tables
of economically active life and labour force projections
in the next two chapters. Here it is shown that the
structural imbalances in the labour force of China are
likely to continue. The last chapter is a summary of
the thesis. Some suggestions or questions are presented
in this chapter, based on the work in previous chapters.
3
Lee, Wonho. "Wage effects of marketization : industrial reform, labor market and inequality in post-reform China /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5652.
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4
Yu, Li. "Labour market outcomes, migration intentions of rural-urban migrants and return migration in China." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3340.
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It has been widely documented that migrant labourers have made great contributions to the urban economy of China; as well, the explosive growth of rural-urban migrants has generated several "migration problems," such as growing social inequality in urban China. It is widely reported that a large number of migrants have returned to their places of origin, after several years of "urban life," and this trend has been accelerated after the global economic crisis after 2008. Consequently, the large number of return migrants have created many problems in the cities, such as labour shortage in the manufacturing industry, and also posed a huge challenge to the rural areas in the resettlement of these returnees. In sum, to understand both the migrants in destination cities and return migrants in their places of origin is of great importance for both urban and rural development in China.
The research so far, on the understanding of migrants' behaviour and labour market outcomes in a multi-phased migration process, seems highly controversial and therefore, insufficient. This study, based on migrant survey data collected in Fujian Province, and return migrant interview data collected in Sichuan and Jiangxi Provinces, explores migrant labour market outcomes in the cities, as well as their geographical differentiation; migrant return intentions, and their gender differentiations; return behaviour and the resettlement situations of actual returnees. The results show that the multi-phased migration process of rural migrants in China is synthetically shaped by macro, meso, and micro factors, and by the interactions between these factors. To be more specific, findings of this study indicate that migrant labour markets in urban China are largely geographically differentiated according to several regional characteristics. The study also finds that a large proportion of rural-urban migrants intends to return to their places of origin. As well, their return intentions are significantly gender-differentiated. Finally, the resettlement situations of return migrants are closely connected to their migration experience.ix, 160 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
5
Lai, Wai-hung, and 黎偉雄. "Population changes and the production and trade pattern in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975100.
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Lai, Wai-hung. "Population changes and the production and trade pattern in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975100.
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7
Ip, Chi-tim, and 葉志添. "The feasibility of a regional employment strategy (RES) for the PRD-HKregion and its implications to the urban planning of HK." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261073.
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8
Ip, Yee-cheung, and 葉以暢. "An analysis of government policy on importation of labour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964059.
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9
Chong, Chun-sang, and 莊春生. "Structural change and inflation in Hong Kong: the relevance of labor importation to inflation control policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30433241.
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10
Leung, Kit-ming, and 梁傑明. "From Labour shortage to rising unemployment: viewing the labour market of Hong Kong in the 1990s from a humanresource management perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267452.
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11
Ma, Ying-lok Enoch, and 馬英樂. "Evaluation and comparison of self-containment in the employment of Tuen Mun and Shatin new town." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259194.
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Luk, Wai-ling. "An analysis of Hong Kong's labour importation policy for skilled workers since 1989." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18635611.
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13
Tang, Kai-cheung, and 鄧繼章. "Will stopping importation of labour reduce the unemployment rate in the Hong Kong hotel industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30430653.
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14
Lai, Yiu-man, and 黎耀民. "An analysis of labour, capital and government with reference to the labour importation policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964527.
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15
Luk, Wai-ling, and 陸慧玲. "An analysis of Hong Kong's labour importation policy for skilled workers since 1989." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965659.
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16
Yeung, Ting Lai-king, and 楊丁麗琼. "An evaluation of the general scheme for the importation of labour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964679.
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Lee, Oi-man Grace, and 李藹雯. "Labour importation in Hong Kong: a study of its implications on human resource management and workplacerelations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237277.
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18
Huang, Yang. "Essais sur les oubliés de la société dans les pays émergents." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0084.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres indépendants sur les enfants de migrants restés au village en Chine, ainsi que sur les personnes âgées vivant seules en Thaïlande et au Vietnam. Le premier chapitre traite de la manière dont les frais de scolarité dans les zones urbaines affectent la migration des enfants en Chine. Nos résultats suggèrent que des frais plus élevés empêchent les travailleurs migrants d’amener leurs enfants avec eux dans les zones urbaines. Nous trouvons également que les travailleurs migrants dans la situation la plus précaire sont les plus touchés par une augmentation des frais de scolarité. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les répercussions de la migration interne des enfants adultes et de leurs envois de fonds sur l'offre de main-d'œuvre de leurs parents restés en zone rurale au Vietnam. Les résultats montrent que les mères ont tendance à travailler plus si elles ont des enfants migrants, mais à travailler moins lorsqu'elles reçoivent des fonds de leur part. À l'inverse, les pères sont moins touchés par la migration de leurs enfants et par leurs envois de fonds. Le troisième article examine l’impact de la retraite universelle introduite en Thaïlande en 2009 sur le bien-être et l'offre de main-d'œuvre de ses bénéficiaires et de leurs conjoints. Les résultats empiriques montrent que ce régime de retraite ne génère pas d'impact significatif sur la pauvreté ou les dépenses des ménages, mais recevoir une retraite a un impact négatif important sur la participation des bénéficiaires au marché du travail. De plus, les hommes comme les femmes réagissent à la perception d’une retraite par leur conjoint en quittant leur emploi et en restant inactifsThis dissertation consists of three independent papers on the left-behind children in China and the left-behind elderly in Thailand and Vietnam. The first paper addresses how school fees in urban areas affect child migration in China. Our findings suggest that higher fees deter migrant workers from bringing their children to urban areas, and more vulnerable migrant workers are most affected by an increase in school fees. The second paper investigates the impacts of adult children’s internal migration and remittances on the labor supply responses of the rural left-behind parents in Vietnam. The results show that mothers tend to work more if they have migrant children, and they tend to work less when they receive remittances from their migrant children. Conversely, fathers tend to be less affected by child migration and their remittances. The third paper examines the impacts of the universal social pension introduced in Thailand in 2009 on the well-being and the labor supply responses of the recipients and their spouses. The empirical results show that the social pension scheme does not generate significant impacts on household poverty status or expenditures, but receiving social pensions has a significant negative impact on beneficiaries' own labor market participation. Further, both men and women are found to respond to their spouses' pensions by leaving their jobs and staying inactive
19
Day, (nee Alexander) Kate. "Social responsibility in New Zealand’s offshore supply chains: What would it take to contribute towards improved labour conditions in China?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7090.
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New Zealand initiatives to address supply-chain labour conditions are tending towards reliance on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a form of private regulation. This thesis explores the effectiveness of private regulation for improving labour conditions, and reasons for its emergence, using the case study of the New Zealand-China relationship. It is argued that CSR brings only cosmetic improvements to a minority of workers in China. It is no replacement for strengthened law enforcement and organisation of workers for affecting significant improvements. CSR can also undermine improvements, and should be approached with caution. The trend towards CSR in New Zealand can be explained by businesses‘ gradually-increasing need and capacity to defend and pursue competitive advantage. However, the trend is best explained as a result of the constraints and power imbalances resulting from the neoliberal political context. For New Zealand to make a genuine commitment to social responsibility would require a shift in power, to groups that will challenge existing constraints and demand explicit action from the Government. It would also require New Zealand consumers and businesses to assume a greater share of the true costs of production. For New Zealand to contribute to improved labour conditions in China would require greater support for the Chinese labour movement and state enforcement. This support could take the form of increased cooperation, highlighting non-compliances, union collaboration and development aid.
20
Li, Zhongtian. "Corporate social responsibility reporting on labour-practice-related issues in China : evidence from five multinational firms operating in the electronics manufacturing services sector." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102376/4/Zhongtian_Li_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a study analyzing employee-related disclosures made by five multinational firms that operate in the electronics manufacturing services industry. It found that the employee-related disclosures respond to the need of legitimacy yet are problematic in quality. In doing so, this thesis provides practical implications – employee-related disclosures pertaining to the electronics manufacturing services industry can be improved to better address labor rights issues in this industry.
21
"Health and labor supply." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892593.
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Huang Ying.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-31).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.3
Chapter 3. --- Methodology --- p.7
Chapter 3.1. --- Basic Model --- p.7
Chapter 3.2. --- Instrumental Variable Strategy --- p.8
Chapter 4. --- Data Description --- p.10
Chapter 4.1. --- China Health and Nutrition Survey --- p.10
Chapter 4.2. --- Sample Selection --- p.11
Chapter 4.3. --- Variable Definition --- p.12
Chapter 4.4. --- Summary Description of Samples --- p.14
Chapter 5. --- The Effects of Health on Labor Supply --- p.15
Chapter 5.1. --- Rural Adults --- p.15
Chapter 5.2. --- Urban Adults --- p.19
Chapter 5.3. --- Results --- p.22
Chapter 6. --- The Effects of Health on Household Income --- p.23
Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.26
References --- p.29
Tables --- p.32
Appendix --- p.66
22
Yang, Chang-po. "Employment and economic growth China, 1949-1983 /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19978205.html.
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23
"Collective labor supply, household production and intra-household allocation in urban China." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896600.
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Wu, Shunan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-56).
Abstract also in Chinese.
"Collective Labor Supply, Household Production and Intra-household Allocation in Urban China" --- p.i
Abstract --- p.i
論文摘要 --- p.ii
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
List of Tables --- p.v
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter II. --- Literature Review --- p.4
Chapter 2.1 --- China´ةs evolving labor market --- p.4
Chapter 2.2 --- Gender earnings gap in the labor market in urban China --- p.6
Chapter 2.3 --- Male and female labor force participation --- p.7
Chapter 2.4 --- Intra-household allocation --- p.10
Chapter 2.5 --- The collective model of labor supply --- p.14
Chapter III. --- Theoretical model and empirical specification --- p.18
Chapter IV. --- Data and empirical results --- p.24
Chapter V. --- Conclusion --- p.43
Appendix --- p.46
References --- p.49
24
Maurer-Fazio, Margaret. "An analysis of the emerging labor market in the People's Republic of China and its effect on rates of return to investments in education." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33805988.html.
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Ye, Xiao-Wan, and 葉小婉. "The Impact of New Rural Social Pension Insurance on Labor Supply in Rural China." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22213337208224642921.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
102
As the world’s most populous country, China is facing the increasingly serious problem of an aging population. Of the growing aging population, 70% come from rural areas. Due to the lack of a public pension system in the rural areas, the pension issue has become a major challenge for the rural elderly population. The New Rural Social Pension Insurance (NRSPI) system implemented in 2009 has filled the gap of China’s rural pension system that has been suspended since 1997. However, whether or not it can improve the economic well-beings of rural elders requires further evaluation. In this study, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011 national baseline data was adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of the NRSPI, from the perspective of labor supply. Empirical findings show that the NRSPI has a “crowding-out effect” on the labor supply of rural elders. The policy significantly reduces the working hours but has an insignificant impact on the probability of participating in the labor force. The “ceaseless toil” working conditions of rural elders in China have not been fundamentally changed, mainly due to the excessively low pension standard and the short implementation time of the NRSPI. The results also reveal that rural elders aged below and above 60 years old respond differently to the NRSPI. Due to the income effect, the crowding-out effect of the NRSPI for rural elders aged above 60 years old is more obvious than the ones aged below 60. In addition, the crowing-out impacts of the NRSPI on working hours are also larger, for men and those with poor health, low family economic level, and under the self-employed occupation category. Accordingly, the policy recommendation may include extending the NRSPI coverage, increasing the pension income level, and protecting low-income individuals’ right to join insurance.
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Wang, Fei-Ling. "The dragon enters the net foreign direct investment, labor allocation, and Chinese modernization /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29688230.html.
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"Research on Talent Cultivation in China 's Universities Based on Supply - Demand Relation of Labor Market." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44139.
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abstract: University graduates play a significant role in the labor market of China. Universities continuously supply senior talents and provide a strong guarantee to the country’s development. However, with the enlargement of the enrollment scale, more and more graduates become unemployed or forced to be employed. Most literatures mainly focus on the unemployed phenomenon or reasons, but had neglected the relationship among the employment, universities and the labor market. This assay is trying to using the supply and demand theory of classical economics to analyze the training direction and model of university from the perspective of the supply and demand of labor market. This assay proposes that universities have to integrate with the demand of the labor market so that to cultivate the talents to meet the social needs.
Firstly, the essay analyzes the relationship between the universities education and the supply and demand labor market by using the view of labor economics, and shows the mainly phenomenon and features of supply-demand imbalance. And then, the writer considered that universities talent cultivation development of China has gone through “absolute shortage”, “relative shortage” and “structural unbalanced” three stages. Thirdly, the survey results confirmed that the talent cultivation in universities does not match the demand of the labor market. On one other hand, over educated is a common phenomenon in the academic education. On the other hand, the graduates are lack of education skills training. Fourthly, the essay analyzes the reasons which lead to the unbalance. The unbalance is not only affected by the macro factors, but also by the micro factors. Fifthly, build up the interaction system model “UPT-LM” for the universities talent cultivation and the labor market, and separately building up the macro interaction system and the micro interaction system to analyze the balance of supply and demand. Based on this, it should strengthen the interaction on the feedback mechanism. At last, strengthening the connection of universities talent cultivation and labor market is a systematic program which needs the corporation from the government, the universities and the labor market.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2017
28
Wu, Shunan. "Essays on economic development of China." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/19578.
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China's rapid economic growth and social transitions have drawn substantial recent attention. However, there is still limited understanding of these phenomena and the mechanisms behind them. This dissertation investigates three aspects of China's development: education, female labor supply and responses to natural shocks.
Chapter 1 sheds light on the option value of education by studying the impact of China's college enrollment expansion on educational attainment at the high school level. Standard human capital models without uncertainty rarely address the importance of the option value of education -- the opportunity that a certain level of education provides to obtain a higher level of education. Therefore, changes in option values can affect human capital investment decisions. Combining survey data with provincial statistics and applying a difference-in-differences method, I find that China's college expansion significantly increased the probabilities of enrolling in and completing high school. The probability of completing high school increased more than that of enrolling in high school. Female students benefited more, as did children whose mother had a high school degree.
Chapter 2 studies the relationship between fertility and female labor supply. Many empirical studies find a negative correlation between the two, however the evidence on causal effects is weaker because fertility is endogenous. This paper studies the effects of
childbearing on women's labor supply and earnings using a plausibly exogenous change, the relaxation of China's One Child Policy, as an instrument for family size. The main findings are that total fertility has no significant impact on time of working as a wage earner, but children under six have a negative effect. Neither total fertility nor children under six affect women's farming time or annual income.
Chapter 3 explores the long-term consequences of China's Great Famine from 1959 to 1961. Several studies have investigated the causes of the famine, yet little empirical work examined its consequences. This paper examines a set of health and socioeconomic outcomes that have not been studied. I find a significant positive selection in the height of survivors born during the famine. Individuals born during the famine received less education than those born before or after the famine, were more likely to work in agriculture when starting to work and transferred less money to their parents.
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Chen, Hsiao-Ying, and 陳曉瑩. "The Impacts of “Foreign and Mainland China Spouses Employment Assistance Programs” on the Labor Supply Decision of Foreign and Mainland China Spouses." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99230450860415369557.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
100
Due to the increase in sex ratio toward men for the past few decades, Taiwan had suffered from the shortages of bridges. In recent years, foreign brides increase rapidly. According to the official government data, the brides in one out of every five Taiwanese marriages have been non-Taiwanese. Cross-border marriages had became the most popular issue in Taiwan. This study examines the impacts of the “foreign and mainland china spouses employment assistance programs” on the labor supply decision of the foreign and mainland china spouses. We conducted an empirical analysis using the data drawn from the 2003 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouses’ Life Status and the 2008 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouses’ Life Status. The difference-in-differences method was utilized for model estimation. The estimation results indicate that under the analysis of the unconditional DID case, the labor participant ratio of foreign spouses increase after the implementation of the policy. The policy has a significant effect on foreign spouses who lived in central Taiwan or married a husband engaged in industrial sectors .On the other hand, under the conditional DID analysis, the estimation results are robust as the findings in the unconditional DID cases, but the magnitudes of the effects are smaller. This result indicates that the cause of raising included policy effect, family background, human capital, and other personal characteristics.
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Yang, Yu-shih, and 楊雨石. "The Impact of New Rural Social Pension Insurance on Labor Supply and Grandchildren Rearing of the Elderly in Rural China." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g7bf79.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
105
With the acceleration of the aging process in China and the long-term unbalanced development between urban and rural areas, the problem of old-age pension in rural China is becoming much more serious. On the one hand, due to the lack of a rural social security system, and a rural elderly population without a statutory retirement system, these elderly people are faced with sustained labor to maintain the pressure on their livelihood. On the other hand, with the acceleration of the urbanization process, many more rural young adults have chosen to work, and the migrant workers often leave their children with their grandparents, thereby placing a time burden on them. In order to solve a series of old-age pension problems in rural areas, since 2009, the Chinese government implemented a New Rural Social Pension Insurance（NRSP）, and whether this policy has improved the living conditions of the rural elderly, to a large extent, still needs to be assessed. This paper uses China''s National Health and Retirement Tracking Survey (CHARLS) in 2013, and the Bivariate Tobit regression model, to analyze the impact of the NRSP on the labor supply of elderly people in China’s rural areas, and skip-generation raising. We also look at this situation from the parent’s and children’s viewpoint, by exploring how the NRSP impacts on the time of the elderly to take care of their grandchildren. The empirical results of parental data shows: For those aged over 60, and who are eligible for the NRSP, as it has significantly reduced their working hours, and has considerably increased their time to take care of their grandchildren. For the elderly aged under 60, the NRSP has had a significantly positive impact on their working hours, while their care time has had no significant impact. This is because the elderly, who are participating in this insurance scheme, are required to pay the premium up to the age of 60, so that they will present different labor or care before and after they receive their pensions. Compared to women, the NRSP significantly increased the care time of men. The empirical results of the children’s data demonstrated that the NRSP increased the care time of every parent’s children (the grandchildren of the elderly) provided by the elderly, but this result is not significant. In addition, the characteristics of the grandchildren, such as gender, age, and whether they live together with their parents, has made a significant impact on the time of the elderly to take care of their grandchildren, therefore, the elderly are more likely to take care of their son''s children rather than their daughter’s children.
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Wen, Qiao. "Three Essays on the Higher Education Expansion in China." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-38ta-zs03.
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My dissertation intends to better understand the impacts of large-scale education expansion programs on students’ education and labor market outcomes both by reviewing related theory and prior literature, and by empirically analyzing a radical and large-scale higher education expansion program initiated in 1999 in China.
In Chapter 1, I review theories, methods and empirical studies on the labor market consequences of education expansion from both the partial equilibrium treatment effect and general equilibrium structural model literature. This chapter serves as the theoretical and methodological foundation for my later analyses in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, and provides motivation for my empirical work because prior literature has not reached a consensus in terms of the impacts of large-scale education expansion programs on individuals’ labor market outcomes or the wage structure in the labor market.
In Chapter 2, I take advantage of the fact that the substantially expanded access to higher education after China’s higher education expansion provides exogenous variation in the probability of college attendance for students of different cohorts and coming from different provinces. I thus employ a two-way fixed-effect model to estimate the expansion’s causal impacts on individuals’ education and labor market outcomes, and find that the expansion substantially improved educational outcomes, such as years of schooling completed, the probabilities of attending college and obtaining any post-secondary degree. The expansion also increased treated individuals’ probability of working and earning positive income, and modestly improved their hourly income. However, the expansion’s earnings effects are less robust to the exclusion of two largest metropolitan cities in China and the inclusion of province-year-level time-varying covariates to control for potential cofounding influences.
In Chapter 3, I exploit multiple repeated cross-sections of data to explore how the expansion affects the labor market at large, especially the college-high school earnings gap. Incorporating an aggregate labor supply model with imperfect substitution across labor with the same education level but in different age groups, I decompose the changes in age-group specific college premium over time into changes in the aggregate and cohort-specific relative supply of college-educated (vs. high school-educated) labor, and in the aggregate relative demand for college-educated labor. My findings show that a 1 percent increase in the relative supply of BA-educated workers within one’s own cohorts would depress the BA-HS wage gap by 0.04 percentage point. Given that college enrollment increased by nearly 4 times from 1998 to 2005, the negative cohort effects could be substantial: for example, the cohort-specific relative supply for the youngest age group in my analysis increased by 112 percent from 2002 to 2009, suggesting an additional 4.5 percentage points decrease in the BA-HS wage gap for workers of this particular age group, on top of the effects of changes in aggregate relative supply and demand that are borne by workers in all age groups. Moreover, my estimates reveal a steadily increasing relative demand for BA-educated labor that raises college premium by approximately 2-3 percentage points annually; it is mitigated by the negative effects from the increase in the aggregate relative supply of BA-educated labor though; the latter effect also implies that the expansion has negative spillover effects on workers who attended college before the expansion.
Putting together, my dissertation provides a holistic picture of the full impacts of one of the largest education expansion program on record. My work is among the first to systematically analyze how the expansion affects “treated” individuals and the labor market at large, and therefore could contribute to all levels of decision-making. Findings from my analyses could also have global implications for much broader issues such as education-related income inequality, and the general equilibrium and distributional effects of large-scale social programs.
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To, Clara Wai-Chun. "Women's sectoral employment in rural Zhejiang in The People's Republic of China an examination of the impact of industrial structure, employers' preference, male labor supply and household factors /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33424973.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-57).
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"香港副學位畢業生學用結合所引致的薪金效應." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884248.
Full textAbstract:
鄭均杰."2013年8月".
"2013 nian 8 yue".
Thesis (Ed.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-123).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract in Chinese and English.
Zheng Junjie.
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Hamelin, Mathieu. "La responsabilité sociale des entreprises transnationales : études de cas sur les audits sociaux et les droits des travailleurs en Chine." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10675.
Full textAbstract:
À l’heure actuelle, la régulation des chaines mondiales de production dépend principalement de mécanismes non étatiques tels que les codes de conduite et les audits sociaux implantés par les entreprises, les ONG et les organisations internationales. Dans cette recherche, nous évaluons si les audits menés par Nike, Adidas et Puma peuvent contribuer à renforcer les droits des travailleurs chinois. À l’aide d’entrevues réalisées sur le terrain auprès d’auditeurs et d’ONG, nous avons conceptualisé quatre conditions de base, lesquelles concernent la participation directe des travailleurs, le développement de capacités locales, le respect de la liberté d’association et la professionnalisation du travail d’auditeur social. Notre étude conclut que des étapes restent à franchir afin que les audits deviennent des outils d’avancement des droits fondamentaux. L’enjeu prioritaire demeure le développement de structures démocratiques afin de permettre aux ouvriers de former des syndicats libres et de négocier leurs propres conventions de travail.Current regulation of global supply chains mainly relies on non state mechanisms such as codes of conduct and social audits implemented by corporations, non governmental organizations (NGOs) and international organizations. This research seeks to assess if the audits carried out by Nike, Adidas and Puma can help strengthen the rights of Chinese workers. Through field work interviews conducted with auditors and NGOs, four basic conditions were defined and involve direct participation of workers, local capacity building, respect of freedom of association and professionalization of social auditors. The outcome of the study reveals progress still needs to be achieved for audits to become tools for the advancement of fundamental rights. The primary issue remains the development of democratic systems to allow workers to form free unions and negotiate their own collective labour agreements.