Journal articles: 'Labor supply – China'

1

Li, Haizheng, and Jeffrey S. Zax. "Labor supply in urban China." Journal of Comparative Economics 31, no. 4 (December 2003): 795–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2003.08.003.

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2

Chan, Kam Wing. "A China Paradox: Migrant Labor Shortage amidst Rural Labor Supply Abundance." Eurasian Geography and Economics 51, no. 4 (July 2010): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.51.4.513.

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Wang, Xiaoyu, Jinquan Gong, and Chunan Wang. "How Does Commute Time Affect Labor Supply in Urban China? Implications for Active Commuting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 4631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134631.

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This paper identifies the causal effect of commute time on labor supply in urban China and provides implications for the development of active commuting. Labor supply is measured by daily workhours, workdays per week and weekly workhours, and city average commute time is adopted as an instrumental variable to correct the endogenous problem of individual commute time. We find that in urban China, commute time does not have effect on daily labor supply but has negative effects on workdays per week and weekly labor supply. These results are different from those found in Germany and Spain, and are potentially related to the intense competition among workers in the labor market of China. Moreover, the effect of commute time on workdays per week is stronger for job changed workers. In addition, the effects of commute time on labor supply are not different between males and females. Finally, policy implications for active commuting are discussed.

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Cao, Jing, Mun S. Ho, Wenhao Hu, and Dale Jorgenson. "Effective labor supply and growth outlook in China." China Economic Review 61 (June 2020): 101398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101398.

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5

Zeng, Ruihan. "The Research Progress and Hot Spot Analysis of Labor Supply in China Based on CiteSpace." BCP Business & Management 25 (August 30, 2022): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v25i.1838.

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The analysis in the field of labor supply including the topic of general interest and frontier progress has a significant impact on the mobility and the development of the Chinese labor force. Based on the software of Citespace, this essay makes an in-depth study on the research achievements in the labor supply field published in CSSCI journals from 1998 to 2021, draws a knowledge map and systematically analyzes the research hotspots and frontier progress in this field. The results show that the hot areas of domestic labor supply research include demographic dividend, labor force, severe labor shortage, aging, unemployed people, demand, medical insurance, and so on. The latest research frontier in the field of labor supply in China is related to delayed retirement, manufacturing, artificial intelligence, aging, and intermediary effect. All the research is closely related to the national policy orientation. In the future, it is suggested to strengthen communication and cooperation between scholars and research institutions from a multidisciplinary perspective, enhance research and collaboration in the field of labor supply, reinforce the construction of facilities in labor supply, build a labor supply service system and constantly innovate the development model to promote the development of social integration.

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Lin, Benxi, Zongjian Lin, Yu Zhang, and Weiping Liu. "The Impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme on Retirement Sustainability in China: Evidence of Regional Differences in Formal and Informal Labor Supply." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124366.

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This paper evaluates the effect of China’s New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) on the retirement sustainability in forms of formal labor supply and informal labor supply in terms of care of grandchildren, using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). We explore the regional differences of the NRPS effect on labor supply between the West and the other regions of China. Our analysis shows that rural Western China has a more severe problem of “ceaseless toil” compared to the rest of the country. We find that NRPS improves the “ceaseless toil” situation of the Chinese rural elderly especially in Western China. Our results suggest the need to increase the amount of NRPS payment, and to develop a region-specific pension programs in China.

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Shen, Zheng, Marie Parker, Derek Brown, and Xiangming Fang. "Effects of public health insurance on labor supply in rural China." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2016-0194.

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Purpose Since the implementation of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) in 2003, this program has experienced rapid growth. Even so, little is known about the association between NCMS expansion and labor force supply among rural residents in China. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the NCMS on labor force supply for rural Chinese populations. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a difference-in-differences (DD) approach is employed to estimate the impact of NCMS expansion on labor supply outcomes, including hours of worked in agriculture, off-farm labor force participation, not working, and weeks off due to illness. A number of falsification tests are conducted to identify whether the assumption of common trends of DD analyses is satisfied. The robustness of results is checked through additional estimation, including panel fixed effects and instrumental variable approach. Findings Results show that the NCMS expansion has a positive effect on the hours of worked in agriculture and off-farm labor force participation, and reduces the likelihood of not working and weeks off due to illness. The effect on hours of agricultural production is larger for male adults, those aged 50 or more, and individuals in low-income families. This study demonstrates the importance of potential health improvements from public health insurance in promoting rural residents’ labor productivity. Originality/value Studies concerning the effects of public health insurance on labor supply in developing countries remain limited. The findings of this study provide important insights into how public health insurance programs, like the NCMS, may affect patterns of labor supply among rural residents, and can help policymakers improve health policies aimed to reduce the number of uninsured farmers while maintaining high levels of labor supply, productivity, and health status among the most vulnerable of populations.

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Liu, Lingchen, Renji Sun, Yan Gu, and Kung Cheng Ho. "The Effect of China’s Health Insurance on the Labor Supply of Middle-aged and Elderly Farmers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186689.

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Social security primarily improves residents’ welfare and ensures labor market sustainability. This study presents a new view of the association between health insurance and labor supply by using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The results reveal that the health insurance system has a remarkable effect on labor supply. The health insurance coverage tends to encourage middle-aged and elderly farmers to increase their farm labor participation rate and working time, especially for their household agricultural labor participation rate and working time. However, it also reduces the non-farm labor participation rate and working time. Different types of health insurance have diverse effects on labor supply. The new cooperative medical insurance has a stronger pull-back effect. It encourages the middle-aged and elderly farmers to leave the urban non-farm sector and transfer to rural areas to engage in their household agricultural work. The urban employee medical insurance encourages farmers to reduce self-employed labor supply and increase employed work. The supplemental health insurance tends to reduce the labor supply of farm employed and non-farm labor supply, but improve the farm labor supply. Furthermore, urban resident medical insurance and government medical insurance encourage farmers to quit directly from the labor market. In conclusion, the health insurance system is facilitating change in the labor market. Policy-makers should pay full attention to such impacts while improving the health insurance system’s design and operation in China.

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9

Huff, Gregg, and Giovanni Caggiano. "Globalization, Immigration, and Lewisian Elastic Labor in Pre–World War II Southeast Asia." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 1 (March 2007): 33–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000022.

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Between 1880 and 1939 Burma, Malaya, and Thailand received inflows of migrants from India and China comparable in size to European immigration in the New World. This article examines the forces that lay behind migration to Southeast Asia and asks if experience there bears out Lewis's unlimited labor supply hypothesis. We find that it does and, furthermore, that immigration created a highly integrated labor market stretching from South India to Southeastern China. Emigration from India and China and elastic labor supply are identified as important components of Asian globalization before the Second World War.

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10

Chen, Jianxian, Xiaokuai Shao, Ghulam Murtaza, and Zhongxiu Zhao. "Factors that influence female labor force supply in China." Economic Modelling 37 (February 2014): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.11.043.

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11

Qiao, Xue, and Lili Wang. "Fertility and old-age labor supply in aging China." China Economic Review 57 (October 2019): 101261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2018.12.004.

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12

Sun, Changing. "The Impact of Population Ageing and Labor Supply on Economic Growth - Analysis Based on Panel Autoregressive Model." HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0004.

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AbstractPopulation Ageing will increase the proportion of the elderly in the population and affect the Labor supply, which will eventually have an effect on the economy. This paper first analyzes the impact of aging on labor supply and economic growth from the theoretical level. Population ageing argues will reduce the supply of labor and hamper economic growth. Then, based on the panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, this paper uses panel auto-regression Model. An empirical analysis of the interaction between population ageing and labor force is carried out by means of Impulse Response Diagram and variance decomposition. The study adds to evidence that ageing reduces the supply of labor and hence economic growth.

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13

Yang, Yongliang, Jing Fang, Wen Wang, Yan Li, and Yi Li. "The Impact of Air Quality on Effective Labor Supply: Based on the Survey Data of Zhejiang Province in China." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074012.

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Labor is one of the most important factors of production and the basis for the development of social productivity. China’s aging population problem is serious, and the study of the labor supply is of great importance in order to achieve its second centenary goal regarding social development. In this study, four stage mixed sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in the Zhejiang province of China, and 590 valid questionnaires were obtained. An ordered logit model and sample selection model were used to analyze the impact of air quality on the effective labor supply. The results show that the effective labor supply was significantly correlated with air quality. That is, the worse the air quality was, the lower the effective labor supply was, although this relationship was more explicit for people who worked indoors. When air quality impedes residents’ daily lives and even affects their health, it indirectly affects the effective supply of local labor. This paper indicates the causal relationship between economic development and the ecological environment and has enlightening significance for the realization of sustainable development.

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14

Yang, Yang, Hua Li, Zhen Liu, Long Cheng, Assem Abu Hatab, and Jing Lan. "Effect of Forestland Property Rights and Village Off-Farm Environment on Off-Farm Employment in Southern China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072605.

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Reasonably promoting the off-farm employment of rural surplus labor in China’s collective forest areas is an important way to increase forest resources and increase farmers’ income. China’s new round of collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) aims to optimize forest area labor allocation by strengthening forestland property rights. Therefore, in different village off-farm environments, it is necessary to explore how forestland property rights affect off-farm employment in forest areas. Based on survey data from 742 households in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, this paper examines this effect using the double-hurdle model. The results indicate that forestland transfer rights promote decision-making about, and the supply of, off-farm labor, while forest harvesting rights significantly increase the supply of off-farm labor. The villages’ off-farm income ratio also affected the supply of off-farm labor. Moreover, under the regulation of the village off-farm income ratio, the positive incentives of forestland transfer rights on decision-making about, and the supply of, off-farm labor gradually weakened, but the incentive effect of forest harvesting rights on the supply of off-farm labor gradually increased. It is proposed that the CFTR should be further promoted, the forestland circulation mechanism and regulating forest harvest quota system should be improved, and implementation of forestry property mortgages should be strengthened.

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15

Shen, Ke, Ping Yan, and Yi Zeng. "Coresidence with elderly parents and female labor supply in China." Demographic Research 35 (September 6, 2016): 645–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2016.35.23.

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16

Guo, Rufei, Hongbin Li, Junjian Yi, and Junsen Zhang. "Fertility, household structure, and parental labor supply: Evidence from China." Journal of Comparative Economics 46, no. 1 (March 2018): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2017.10.005.

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17

Huo, Shixin. "Research on the Influence of Population Aging on Labor Cost in Hebei Province." E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 03054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125703054.

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Background. In the 1970s and 1980s, China implemented the family planning policy, which increased the proportion of the working age population by controlling the population fertility rate, bringing a demographic dividend to China at that time. Because of the implementation of family planning policy, China has stepped into an aging society in advance. The aging of population has a profound impact on all aspects of society. This paper has a strong practical significance for the study of the impact of aging of population on labor cost. Methods. Based on the theories of population transformation, population dividend and market supply-demand equilibrium, this paper uses the methods of literature review and statistical analysis to look up the relevant data of Hebei Provincial Bureau of statistics and National Bureau of statistics, and uses Stata16 to analyze the correlation and significance test between the elderly population coefficient and labor cost. Finally, it analyzes the relationship between the aging population and labor supply and demand the influence path is discussed. Results. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the elderly population coefficient and labor cost. Conclusion. The aging of population structure makes the supply of young and middle-aged labor insufficient. At the same time, due to the strong demand of the old industry, the demand for labor increases. The imbalance of supply and demand leads to the increase of labor cost. The aging of the population indirectly increases the number of years of education for the labor force, the increase of the labor force’s investment in its own human capital and the gradual improvement of the current social security system, which also increases the labor cost from the side.

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18

Wen, Qiao. "Trends in College–High School Wage Differentials in China: The Role of Cohort-Specific Labor Supply Shift." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416917.

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The wage gap between 4-year college (BA) and high school (HS) graduates narrows down among young workers from 2002 to 2009 in urban China, despite steadily increasing BA–HS wage gaps for older workers during the same time. This period corresponds to the labor market entry of a radically increasing number of college-educated labor stimulated by China’s higher education expansion program initiated in 1999. This study examines how cohort-specific relative supply of college-educated labor affects the cohort-specific college wage premiums and the overall BA–HS wage gaps in the labor market. Incorporating an aggregate labor supply model with imperfect substitution across labor with the same education level but in different age groups, changes in age-group-specific BA–HS wage gaps over time are decomposed into changes in aggregate and age-group-specific relative labor supply and demand factors. Findings suggest that the substantially expanded opportunities to attend college contribute to the falling BA–HS income inequality among young post-expansion cohorts: a 1-percent increase in the relative supply of BA-educated workers within one’s own cohorts depresses cohort-specific BA–HS wage gap by 0.2%. Policies that substantially boost educational attainment for certain cohorts could reduce education-related wage gaps for these cohorts and have spillover effects to the wage structure in the labor market.

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Chen, Xuan, Jing Chen, and Chien-Yu Huang. "Too Risky to Focus on Agriculture? An Empirical Study of China’s Agricultural Households’ Off-Farm Employment Decisions." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030697.

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This paper investigates China’s agricultural households and their individual members’ off-farm labor supply decision in response to farm production risks and a number of other factors (e.g., demographic characteristics, farm characteristics, and local market features). Whether and to what extent farming risks may affect farmers’ off-farm employment in China are rarely studied. Our paper provides an empirical study to demonstrate that agricultural production risks significantly impact off-farm labor supply in rural China. The impacts of associated variables on households off-farm labor supply decisions are quantified using a sample of large–scale nationwide household finance survey in 2010. The results suggest that off-farm employment serves as a risk adaption strategy for Chinese farmers. Policy suggestions on retaining farmers to focus on agricultural production are discussed.

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20

Brown, Alan S. "The China Road." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 03 (March 1, 2005): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-mar-3.

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This article highlights China’s unusual combination of low wages, modern technology, and an enormous potential of internal market. It is easy to see that labor and materials costs are cheaper in China, but it is harder to pin down the costs of stolen intellectual property, complex supply chains, inflexible manufacturing schedules, and project management overhead. Low-cost labor and high-tech manufacturing have made China the leading destination for companies looking to cut costs by outsourcing production. China’s combination of low labor costs and modern technology-aided by lax intellectual property enforcement makes it a manufacturing powerhouse. It’s increasingly prosperous internal market enables efficiencies of scale. It takes time and commitment to make Chinese manufacturing relationships work. In some cases, they may not work at all. As companies learn the hidden costs of outsourcing, they may find it does not yield the promised savings. This is especially true for products that require customization, proprietary technology, or quicker reaction to market trends.

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Shen, Z., M. Parker, D. Brown, and X. Fang. "Effects of Public Health Insurance on Labor Supply in Rural China." Annals of Global Health 83, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.284.

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22

CHAU, Tak Wai, Hongbin LI, Pak Wai LIU, and Junsen ZHANG. "Testing the collective model of household labor supply: Evidence from China." China Economic Review 18, no. 4 (January 2007): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2006.12.002.

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23

Huang, Qiaolong, Yu Yvette Zhang, Qin Chen, and Manxiu Ning. "Does Air Pollution Decrease Labor Supply of the Rural Middle-Aged and Elderly?" Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052906.

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This paper investigates the impact of air pollution on the labor supply of the middle-aged and elderly in rural China. The results suggest that exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 has detrimental effects on working hours of the middle-aged and elderly. We further demonstrate the heterogeneous effects of PM2.5 by income and geographic regions. In particular, people with vulnerable economic conditions are more likely than others to reduce their labor hours due to PM2.5 exposure. Moreover, higher PM2.5 levels affected people in Central and Northeastern China more significantly than those in other regions.

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24

Lau, Kwok Hung, and Jue Wang. "Application of Lean Thinking in Supply Chain Management by the Small and Medium Sized Manufacturers in China." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 6, no. 4 (October 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2013100101.

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With increasing pressure for higher wages and growing competition from other developing countries such as Vietnam and Mexico, China can no longer rely heavily on cheap labor supply as a competitive advantage to secure her position as the world’s largest manufacturing base. Other competitive edges, such as lean manufacturing and lean supply chain management that help cut cost and reduce waste, have to be explored. Using a self-administered questionnaire survey, this study investigates the current status of lean thinking application in supply chain management by the small- and medium-sized manufacturers (SMMs) in China. It also explores if there are benefits in the application and the challenges faced by the SMMs in implementation. The findings suggest that application of lean thinking in China is not widespread. For those firms that have applied lean thinking, the major benefits obtained include reductions in cost, waste, inventory, labor, and cycle time. The major difficulties encountered lie in the accurate communication of the requirements between workers and managers and the collaboration with supply chain members. Proper application of lean thinking in supply chain management can bring substantial benefits to the manufacturing industry. Managers can use this research to benchmark their lean thinking application and revise their supply chain strategy accordingly.

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25

Shen, Chen. "Prediction Algorithm of Labor Employment Capacity and Structure Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5266039.

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As a general economic resource or capital, labor plays a vital role in the development of a country. The improvement of people’s living standards is the fundamental purpose of economic development. The economic development of a country is impossible from the support of the labor force. The supply and support of the labor force will directly affect the normal operation of a country’s economy. Since the reforms are opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in rapid economic development, but some new problems have gradually emerged in the labor market. On the one hand, important changes have taken place in the supply and demand situation of the labor market. The labor shortage crisis has started to spread across the country. With the increase of labor costs of enterprises and the adjustment of industrial structure, the problems of employment in the labor market such as large-scale layoffs and reduction of labor have become more prominent. On the other hand, the population’s age structure is gradually changing. China is about to enter an aging society in the future. This means that the proportion of old people towards youngsters will increase. At that time, China’s huge population size will likely evolve from a booster of economic growth to a burden on the economy. Therefore, the labor structure needs to be optimized urgently. Deepening the reforms requires China to transform its growth model and develop knowledge-intensive industries. It requires optimizing the capacity and structure of the labor market and improving the quality of the labor force. Measuring the total workforce in the future is an important prerequisite for addressing various challenges in the new situation. A genetic algorithm is a computational model of the biological evolution process that simulates the natural selection and genetic mechanism of Darwin’s theory of biological evolution. This is a technique of modeling the natural evolution process to get the best solution. In data mining, genetic algorithm has been widely used around the world. It is an important development direction to use them to effectively mine and predict data. Based on the changes in the age structure of the population, this paper will use an improved genetic algorithm. This algorithm will calculate the total labor supply and structural changes in China in the next few years. This study will provide a reference for the formulation of China’s macroeconomic and population policies.

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Shen, Chen. "Prediction Algorithm of Labor Employment Capacity and Structure Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5266039.

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As a general economic resource or capital, labor plays a vital role in the development of a country. The improvement of people’s living standards is the fundamental purpose of economic development. The economic development of a country is impossible from the support of the labor force. The supply and support of the labor force will directly affect the normal operation of a country’s economy. Since the reforms are opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in rapid economic development, but some new problems have gradually emerged in the labor market. On the one hand, important changes have taken place in the supply and demand situation of the labor market. The labor shortage crisis has started to spread across the country. With the increase of labor costs of enterprises and the adjustment of industrial structure, the problems of employment in the labor market such as large-scale layoffs and reduction of labor have become more prominent. On the other hand, the population’s age structure is gradually changing. China is about to enter an aging society in the future. This means that the proportion of old people towards youngsters will increase. At that time, China’s huge population size will likely evolve from a booster of economic growth to a burden on the economy. Therefore, the labor structure needs to be optimized urgently. Deepening the reforms requires China to transform its growth model and develop knowledge-intensive industries. It requires optimizing the capacity and structure of the labor market and improving the quality of the labor force. Measuring the total workforce in the future is an important prerequisite for addressing various challenges in the new situation. A genetic algorithm is a computational model of the biological evolution process that simulates the natural selection and genetic mechanism of Darwin’s theory of biological evolution. This is a technique of modeling the natural evolution process to get the best solution. In data mining, genetic algorithm has been widely used around the world. It is an important development direction to use them to effectively mine and predict data. Based on the changes in the age structure of the population, this paper will use an improved genetic algorithm. This algorithm will calculate the total labor supply and structural changes in China in the next few years. This study will provide a reference for the formulation of China’s macroeconomic and population policies.

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Li, Ma, Wei, and Zhang. "Urban Industrial Water Supply and Demand: System Dynamic Model and Simulation Based on Cobb–Douglas Function." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 5893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215893.

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In order to meet the needs of water-saving society development, the system dynamics method and the Cobb–Douglas (C–D) production function were combined to build a supply and demand model for urban industrial water use. In this model, the industrial water demand function is expressed as the sum of the general industrial water demand and the power industry water demand, the urban water supply function is expressed as the Cobb–Douglas production function, investment and labor input are used as the control variables, and the difference between supply and demand in various situations is simulated by adjusting their values. In addition, the system simulation is conducted for Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, with 16 sets of different, carefully designed investment and labor input combinations for exploring a most suitable combination of industrial water supply and demand in Suzhou. We divide the results of prediction into four categories: supply less than demand, supply equals demand, supply exceeds demand, and supply much larger than demand. The balance between supply and demand is a most suitable setting for Suzhou City to develop, and the next is the type in which the supply exceeds demand. The other two types cannot meet the development requirements. We concluded that it is easier to adjust the investment than to adjust the labor input when adjusting the control variables to change the industrial water supply. While drawing the ideal combination of investment and labor input, a reasonable range of investment and labor input is also provided: the scope of investment adjustment is , and the adjustment range of labor input is .

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Ma, Xinxin, and Jingwen Zhang. "Population Policy and its Influences on Female Labor Supply: Evidence from China." Asian Development Policy Review 7, no. 4 (2019): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2019.74.261.276.

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Xie, Gang, and Lei Zhang. "Effects of school closure on household labor supply: Evidence from rural China." China Economic Review 71 (February 2022): 101737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101737.

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Cao, Yuan. "Fertility and labor supply: evidence from the One-Child Policy in China." Applied Economics 51, no. 9 (July 31, 2018): 889–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1502868.

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Wang, Yong, and Yanxia Ge. "The effect of family property income on labor supply: Evidence from China." International Review of Economics & Finance 57 (September 2018): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2018.02.016.

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Zou, Baoling, Ashok K. Mishra, and Biliang Luo. "Grain subsidy, off-farm labor supply and farmland leasing: Evidence from China." China Economic Review 62 (August 2020): 101293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.04.001.

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Wang, Linhui, Jing Zhao, Jia Sun, and Zhiqing Dong. "The impact of biased technology on employment distribution and labor status in income distribution." Chinese Management Studies 14, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-07-2018-0615.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of biased technology on employment distribution and labor status in income distribution of China. It also testifies a threshold effect of the capital per labor and employment distribution on labor status from biased technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a normalized supply-side system of three equations to measure the bias of technology in China. Linear and threshold regressions approaches are applied over cross-province panel data to investigate the influence which biased technology has on labor status under different capital per labor and employment distribution regimes. Findings This paper empirically shows that technology has been mostly capital-biased in China. The regression results indicate that capital-biased technology impairs labor income status and tend to modify employment distribution and labor income between industries. Furthermore, it reveals the threshold effect of capital per labor and employment distribution on the relationship between biased technology and labor status. Originality/value This paper extends the literature by explaining labor status from the perspective of biased technology and the effect of inter-industry employment distribution in China. It further explores the asymmetric effect of biased technology on labor productivity and income, which promotes inter-industry labor mobility and modifies employment distribution. This paper highlights the implications of this explanation for labor relations and human resource management.

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Liu, Jin, Yufeng Lu, Qing Xu, and Qing Yang. "Public Health Insurance, Non-Farm Labor Supply, and Farmers’ Income: Evidence from New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 4865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234865.

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The major source of income of Chinese farmers is non-farm income, especially wages and salaries. Based on the economics theory of health and healthcare, their non-farm labor supply behavior could be affected by health insurance policies. The work presented in this paper focuses on the impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) on farmers’ non-farm labor supply behavior in China. A four-part model regression approach was used to examine the relationship. Our dataset comprised of 8273 people, aged 45 or above, from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2011 and 2013. The empirical results showed that NRCMS significantly reduced non-farm labor force participation and employment. Compared to non-participants of the NRCMS, the non-farmer labor time of these participants reduced, but the supplementary medical insurance and immediate reimbursement of the NRCMS increased the participants’ non-farm labor time. Our results have contributed to the reform of China’s public health insurance and farms’ income growth, and it would be necessary to actively promote immediate reimbursement, gradually simplify reimbursement procedures for medical treatment in non-registered places, and eliminate the non-portability of NRCMS.

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Youlu, Zhang, and Chi Ying. "The Impact of Healthy Human Capital on the Labor Participation of Chinese Elderly." E3S Web of Conferences 214 (2020): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021401044.

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The labor participation of the elderly is an important level of labor supply in China, and healthy human capital is one of the main factors affecting the labor participation of the elderly. Based on the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2014, this paper uses the Probit model to empirically analyze the impact of the healthy human capital of the elderly in China on their labor force participation rate. The results show that when individual characteristic variables, family characteristic variables and social characteristic variables are added, healthy human capital is positively correlated with labor participation of retired elderly people. The better health status is, the higher labor participation rate is. With the decline in health status, the labor force participation rate of retired elderly people decreased significantly. The influence of healthy human capital on labor participation of the elderly in China is also heterogeneous between urban and rural areas, gender and age, among which the influence of healthy human capital on labor participation of the elderly in rural areas, males and young age groups is higher than that in urban areas, females and elderly retirees.

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Wang, Sheng, and Chunyan Han. "Will the Increasing Number of University Graduates in China Affect Their Future Employment Rates?" Barnard Education Review 1, no. 1 (July 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47744/ber.v1n1.2020.07.02.

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The employment rates of university graduates is the core measurement revealing the employment situation, as well as supply and demand. It is also the important basis for making employment policies. The main factors concerning the employment rate of university graduates are the imbalance between supply and demand, islocation of labor force supply and industrial structure, dislocation of employment expectation and lagging employment guidance. Relevant measures need to be taken to solve problems in statistics of employment rates.

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Quan, Xiaohong Iris, Mark Loon, and Jihong Sanderson. "Innovation in the Local Context: A Case Study of BYD in China." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 15, no. 02 (April 2018): 1850017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877018500177.

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In this paper, we have used the case of build your dream (BYD) to examine firm innovation in the context of China. From a historical perspective, with its strategic diversification from battery to mobile phone manufacturing to automobile manufacturing, we find that BYD has been innovative in its production method, vertical integration strategy, and design of product for local customers. The effective understanding and leveraging of local contextual factors including supply of labor (especially low cost-highly skilled labor), growing middle class, and local industry environments have played important roles in BYD's innovation in China.

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He, Shu, Liangfei Qiu, and Xusen Cheng. "Surge Pricing and Short-Term Wage Elasticity of Labor Supply in Real-Time Ridesharing Markets." MIS Quarterly 46, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 193–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2021/16367.

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The prominence of real-time ridesharing services, such as Uber and Lyft, has dramatically changed the landscape of traditional industries. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the short-term wage elasticity of labor supply in real-time ridesharing markets using data from a major ridesharing platform in China. By exploiting an exogenous shock from uneven driving restrictions as an instrumental variable, we find a negative labor supply elasticity for ridesharing drivers, suggesting that drivers tend to drive less during days with a higher average hourly wage. Specifically, a percent increase in hourly wage will lead to a 0.931 percent decrease in daily working hours. This surprising finding is consistent with the behavioral income-targeting model based on the theory of reference-dependent preferences: Drivers have heuristic daily targets for total earnings and are more motivated to supply labor when they are below their income target than when they are above it. Therefore, they work less on days when earnings per hour are high and quit the market once their income target is reached. In addition, we find that taxi drivers are more rational and have positive labor supply elasticity, which implies that drivers are more rational when they have repeated opportunities for learning. Estimating labor supply elasticity is critical to understanding the economic efficiency of various surge pricing algorithms and driver subsidization programs for ridesharing platforms and policymakers. Our research suggests that a uniform price surging or driver subsidization approach for all ridesharing drivers may not incentivize the labor supply of drivers effectively.

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Wu, Qi, and Hao Xiao. "Dynamic CGE Model and Simulation Analysis on the Impact of Citizenization of Rural Migrant Workers on the Labor and Capital Markets in China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/351947.

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This paper investigates the effect of the policy of citizenization of rural migrant workers on the factor market in a dynamic CGE model, which contains multiple dimensions of labor heterogeneity, a labor-lagged adjustment mechanism, and a dynamic investment mechanism. The simulation results show that changes in supply in the labor market will affect the labor market structure, the relative factor price, and the investment in and the output of industries.

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Cao, Yani, and Chanyoung Lee. "The Effect of Family Structure on Labor Supply of Married Women in China." Journal of China Studies 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.20288/jcs.2019.22.3.93.

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Sun, Lei, Jinxiong Chang, Yanhui Liu, and Zhejun Yang. "The urban-rural disparities of the elderly labor supply and income in China." Procedia Engineering 15 (2011): 5274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.977.

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Xiaojun, Feng. "Manufacturing Conflict: The Experience of a World Factory in a Changing China." Modern China 43, no. 6 (February 10, 2017): 590–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700416689037.

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This article explores the mechanism driving China’s soaring labor unrest from the perspective of management. It demonstrates how Foxconn adjusts in response to the dynamics of the global production network and China’s labor market, and how such practices are inextricably linked to growing workplace conflicts. Foxconn’s elementary management is characterized by coercion, which is reinforced by the management techniques it has forged as a contract manufacturer in the global supply chain facing the increasing costs of raw materials, labor, and so on. The widespread dissent generated in this process is aggravated by the changing composition and the worsening financial condition of its labor force—predominantly the new generation of migrant workers. Although Foxconn has attempted to develop consent on the shop floor, its efforts have largely failed because of the power asymmetry in the global electronics industry.

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Liu, Yan-Ting, Yao-Dong Zhou, and Jiao-Li Cai. "Effects of Health Status on the Labor Supply of Older Adults with Different Socioeconomic Status." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021511.

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Based on the panel data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected from 2011 to 2018, this paper establishes a model using the instrumental variables method to investigate the effects of poor health on labor participation, labor hours, agricultural labor participation, agricultural labor hours, off-farm labor participation, and off-farm labor hours of older adults with different economic statuses. This paper conducts an empirical analysis to examine how subjective, self-rated poor health and objective poor health measured using the number of chronic diseases can affect the labor supply of older adults. The study of its influence on labor supply from the perspective of health can help to maintain the labor supply of the aged from the perspective of improving the health of the aged, provide a certain reference for the labor shortage caused by China’s aging society, and enrich the content of health economics. According to the research findings, subjective, self-rated poor health significantly reduces the labor participation of older adults. Although self-rated poor health does not affect the off-farm labor participation of older adults, it significantly reduces the likelihood of older adults engaging in agricultural labor. In addition, self-rated poor health also reduces the overall labor hours and off-farm labor hours of older adults, although no effects were observed on their agricultural labor hours. On the other hand, chronic diseases also reduce the overall likelihood of labor participation for older adults, resulting in significantly lower off-farm labor participation, although no effects were observed on their agricultural labor participation. The number of chronic diseases found in older adults does not affect their off-farm labor hours, but it does increase the hours they invest in agricultural labor.

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Luo, Siqi, and Tao Yang. "Why worker-supported collective bargaining may still fail." Employee Relations: The International Journal 42, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-06-2019-0250.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that some enterprise unions in South China, as strategic labor actors, made local progress in collective bargaining, but further elaborates on why gainful bargaining would require a more systematic understanding of the prevailing industrial structure. Design/methodology/approach This paper is mainly drawn from intensive site visits and 51 in-depth interviews in 2013 and 2014, and several follow-ups up to 2018. Three cases of collective bargaining, featuring different union strategies of assertive negotiation, informal cooperation and direct confrontation, are discussed in detail. Findings The study illustrates that viable collective bargaining with worker-supported unions is possible in China. However, the effectiveness of bargaining does not count on this alone; the supply chain structure also imposes significant constraints, mainly by narrowing the bargaining scope of each supplier and differentiating the structural power of their unions. In these cases, institutionalized union coordination beyond individual suppliers is proposed. Research limitations/implications These cases began as post-strike bargaining in Japanese auto supply chains and became the frontier of industrial relations in China. The impact of the supply chain in different sectors or regions requires further study. Originality/value This paper draws attention to the effect of an “invisible” but increasingly significant factor, industrial structure, on enterprise-level collective bargaining in China, unlike many previous criticisms of unwillingness or incompetence among labor actors.

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Jiang, Changjun, and Jintao Li. "Influence of the Market Supply of Construction Land on the Misallocation of Labor Resources: Empirical Evidence from China." Land 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101773.

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Economic development often leads to the misallocation of labor resources, so reforming the way land is allocated is important for developing a strategy to address the insufficient supply and oversupply of labor in China. This paper uses panel regression analysis to quantitatively measure the effect of the market supply of construction land (MSCL) on labor resources misallocation (LMIS). The results show that LMIS decreased year-by-year during the study period. The development of the MSCL can effectively reduce LMIS. The negative effect of the MSCL in the central region is greater than that in the eastern region, and the negative effect in the western region is the smallest. There is a single-threshold effect on the impact of the MSCL on LMIS. Specifically, when the MSCL is less than 18,045 hectares, the impact effect is −0.324, and when the MSCL is higher than 18,045 hectares, the effect is not significant. Moreover, the impact of the MSCL on LMIS has a spatial spillover effect, which is greater than the direct effect. Labor resources tend to migrate to economically developed areas, not just adjacent areas. These conclusions are of great significance for reducing LMIS from the perspective of land system reform in China.

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Yang, Gangqiang, Hong Chen, and Xia Meng. "Regional Competition, Labor Force Mobility, and the Fiscal Behaviour of Local Governments in China." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 24, 2019): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061776.

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At present, China is in a critical period of transition from labor-intensive industries to capital- and technology-intensive industries. Accordingly, the increasing labor force mobility among Chinese cities has promoted competition over production factors among regions, having a significant impact on local governments’ fiscal expenditure structure. A theoretical analysis shows that the competition of livelihood public good expenditures is playing an increasingly important role in the factor flow competition. Different labor forces’ demand for different public goods and local governments’ demand for different labor forces affect the structural preference of local government fiscal expenditures. Based on panel data on Chinese prefecture-level cities in 2010–2016, this paper empirically tests the impact of different labor mobilities on the structure of local government fiscal expenditures, finding that current decision making on labor mobility is increasingly sensitive to the supply of livelihood public goods, and strengthening labor mobility has reversed the expenditure bias historically caused by the government’s simple capital competition. After dividing the mobile labor force based on whether the labor is settled in the current year, the two labor force types’ demand for different livelihood public goods was found to be different. To attract different labor inflows, local governments should promote an increase in relevant livelihood public good expenditures, showing a strategic fiscal expenditure structural bias. Specifically, with increasing new added general labor mobility, local goverments will increase the proportion of fiscal expenditures on education and medical care, combined with the increase of newly added registered labor mobility, which will correspondingly increase the proportion of environmental protection expenditures.

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Yuan, Yan, Zhao Rong, Rudai Yang, and Liu Yang. "Instability of migrant labor supply in China: evidence from source areas for 1987–2008." Eurasian Geography and Economics 56, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 231–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2015.1095109.

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Jia, Lili, and Martin Petrick. "How does land fragmentation affect off-farm labor supply: panel data evidence from China." Agricultural Economics 45, no. 3 (August 19, 2013): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/agec.12071.

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Li, Feng, Jing Jian Xiao, and Feiying Cai. "Wealth, labor supply and life satisfaction: The case of urban housing demolition in China." Economics Letters 183 (October 2019): 108597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108597.

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Sokolov, V. "International Supply Chains in APR." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2015): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-3-48-55.

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The article considers the problem of international supply chains in machinery-building. The meanings of appropriate terms are specified (outsourcing, international production sharing, vertical specialization). It is clarified (following D. Hummels et al.) the definition of vertical specialization as a structure of supply chain when a country is using imported inputs to produce goods for exports. It is emphasized that countries exporting raw materials usually show high share of vertical specialization-based trade in their exports but not in imports. Developed industrial countries (excluding Japan) usually show high content of vertical specialization-based trade in both exports and imports. Statistical analysis of the intra-industry labor division in the office, accounting and computing machinery of Asia and Pacific is made. In China and Japan most inputs consumed by office, accounting and computing machinery are of domestic origin. The larger share of intermediate production of the office, accounting and computing machinery, consumed by the same branch, in China is of domestic origin, too. It means that a queue of successive components of supply chains is placed on the territory of China. At the same time, what concerns the territory of Korea assembling industries are prevailing. In USA and Japan the branch is using as inputs mostly intermediate production of domestic origin. Still, a larger fraction of the intermediate production of the computer industry itself is imported. In the four from five countries reviewed (USA, Japan, Republic of Korea, Thailand) the imported intermediate production for computer industry used by the respective industry as inputs is larger than the domestic production. This proves high degree of internationalization of this industry in Asia and Pacific.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Labor supply – China'

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