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Journal articles on the topic 'Labor supply elasticity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Klepikova, E. "Labor supply elasticity in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2016): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-9-111-128.

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The paper estimates wage elasticity of labor supply in Russia - both intensive and extensive margins. Empirical research is based on the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics data for the period from 2004 to 2014. The study uses an adaptation of the Heckman selection model, estimation proceeds in four stages. It is shown that elasticity of the decision regarding hours worked is insignificant for all demographic groups with the exception of married women, for whom it is significantly negative. The elasticity regarding the decision to participate is positive, but quite low for people aged 25-54, and is much higher for those in the early retirement age. The possible application of the obtained estimates is demonstrated by measuring potential effect of personal income tax and pension system reforms on the labor supply.

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2

Ljungqvist, Lars, and Thomas J. Sargent. "A Labor Supply Elasticity Accord?" American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.487.

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A dispute about the size of the aggregate labor supply elasticity has been fortified by a contentious aggregation theory used by real business cycle theorists. The replacement of that aggregation theory with one more congenial to microeconomic observations opens possibilities for an accord about the aggregate labor supply elasticity. The new aggregation theory drops features to which empirical microeconomists objected and replaces them with life-cycle choices. Whether the new aggregation theory ultimately indicates a small or large macro labor supply elasticity will depend on how shocks and government institutions interact to put workers at interior solutions for career length.

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3

Kneip, Alois, Monika Merz, and Lidia Storjohann. "Aggregation and Labor Supply Elasticities." Journal of the European Economic Association 18, no. 5 (September 11, 2019): 2315–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvz039.

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Abstract We outline a formal procedure for deriving the aggregate wage-elasticity of labor supply for a large group of heterogeneous workers who operate under uncertainty. Heterogeneity relates to preferences, income, wealth, and the labor market status. If each worker faces a small, possibly nonuniform wage change, the implied aggregate wage-elasticity can be represented by a closed-form expression. This expression captures an extensive and an intensive margin. We empirically implement the procedure for a dynamic model of individual labor supply and a micro panel of men in Germany from 2000 to 2013. We find that the extensive margin is less time-varying than the intensive margin, and that its size varies with the measure of reservation wages. Self-reported reservation wages render a larger extensive margin than other proxies. The estimated aggregate Frisch wage-elasticity varies between 0.85 and 1.06, and the two margins matter equally strongly for the unbalanced sample.

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4

Chetty, Raj. "A New Method of Estimating Risk Aversion." American Economic Review 96, no. 5 (November 1, 2006): 1821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.5.1821.

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I show existing evidence on labor supply behavior places an upper bound on risk aversion in the expected utility model. I derive a formula for the coefficient of relative risk aversion (γ) in terms of the ratio of the income elasticity of labor supply to wage elasticity and degree of complementarity between consumption and labor. I bound the degree of complementarity using data on consumption choices when labor supply varies across states. Using labor supply elasticity estimates, I find a mean estimate of [Formula: see text], then show generating γ > 2 requires that wage increases cause sharper labor supply reductions.

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5

İmrohoroğlu, Selahattin, and Sagiri Kitao. "Labor supply elasticity and social security reform." Journal of Public Economics 93, no. 7-8 (August 2009): 867–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.05.002.

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6

Kuroda, Sachiko, and Isamu Yamamoto. "Estimating Frisch labor supply elasticity in Japan." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 22, no. 4 (December 2008): 566–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2008.05.002.

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7

Fiorito, Riccardo, and Giulio Zanella. "The anatomy of the aggregate labor supply elasticity." Review of Economic Dynamics 15, no. 2 (April 2012): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2012.01.002.

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8

Rogerson, Richard, and Johanna Wallenius. "Nonconvexities, Retirement, and the Elasticity of Labor Supply." American Economic Review 103, no. 4 (June 1, 2013): 1445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.4.1445.

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We consider two life cycle models of labor supply that use nonconvexities to generate retirement. In each case we derive a link between hours worked prior to retirement, the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for labor (IES), and the size of the nonconvexities. This link is robust to allowing for credit constraints and human capital accumulation by younger workers and suggests values for the IES that are .75 or higher. (JEL D91, J22, J24, J26)

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9

Devereux, Paul J. "Changes in Male Labor Supply and Wages." ILR Review 56, no. 3 (April 2003): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600303.

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In the 1980s, both wages and labor supply of poorly educated men fell substantially relative to those of educated men. Some observers have interpreted this positive association between changes in wages and labor supply as reflecting movement along stable labor supply curves. The author casts doubt on this interpretation by showing that the wage elasticity necessary to account, by itself, for the observed labor supply decline would greatly exceed elasticity levels typically found in prior studies. Analysis of Census data shows little relationship between changes in relative wages at the state level and changes in male labor supply. Also, panel data analysis shows no strong correlation between long-run changes in individual hours and wages. The small implied labor supply elasticities suggest that very little of the labor supply changes of men during the 1980s can be related to changes in relative wages.

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10

Azar, José, Ioana Marinescu, and Marshall Steinbaum. "Measuring Labor Market Power Two Ways." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191068.

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We compute the “applications elasticity” as a proxy for firm-level labor supply elasticity by regressing the applications to a given job on the posted wage. The average applications elasticity in our data is 0.42. We then relate our elasticity estimates to concentration in labor markets defined by six-digit SOC occupations and commuting zone. We show a robust negative relationship between the two. Applications elasticity is near zero for all but the most densely populated labor markets, suggesting that 80 percent of the workforce works in labor markets where employers exercise significant monopsony power.

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11

Yunisvita, Yunisvita. "Does monopsony exist in academic labor market?" Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 18, no. 1 (July 12, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v18i1.11057.

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This study aims to examine empirically the power of monopsony in the academic labor market, particularly in public universities. Upward sloping supply curve is indicative of monopsony and its power supply elasticity is suspected of demand for lecturers. The method used to estimate the supply equation for lecturer at four public universities in Indonesia is OLS model. A stratified sample is determined proportionally as much as 348 lecturers, by academic rank, gender and discipline. It is found that the supply elasticity is inelastic indicating that earnings lecturers are in non-competitive conditions. When employers face an inelastic supply curve, the marginal expenditure and average expenditure is very much different, which gave it the power to set wages, so it implies that the power of monopsony is big.

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12

Falch, Torberg. "The Elasticity of Labor Supply at the Establishment Level." Journal of Labor Economics 28, no. 2 (April 2010): 237–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/649905.

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13

Fehr, Ernst, and Lorenz Goette. "Do Workers Work More if Wages Are High? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 298–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.298.

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Most previous studies on intertemporal labor supply found very small or insignificant substitution effects. It is possible that these results are due to constraints on workers' labor supply choices. We conducted a field experiment in a setting in which workers were free to choose hours worked and effort per hour. We document a large positive elasticity of overall labor supply and an even larger elasticity of hours, which implies that the elasticity of effort per hour is negative. We examine two candidate models to explain these findings: a modified neoclassical model with preference spillovers across periods, and a model with reference dependent, loss-averse preferences. With the help of a further experiment, we can show that only loss-averse individuals exhibit a negative effort response to the wage increase. (JEL J22, J31)

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14

Sokolova, Anna, and Todd Sorensen. "Monopsony in Labor Markets: A Meta-Analysis." ILR Review 74, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793920965562.

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When jobs offered by different employers are not perfect substitutes, employers gain wage-setting power; the extent of this power can be captured by the elasticity of labor supply to the firm. The authors collect 1,320 estimates of this parameter from 53 studies. Findings show a prominent discrepancy between estimates of direct elasticity of labor supply to changes in wage (smaller) and the estimates converted from inverse elasticities (larger), suggesting that labor market institutions may rein in a substantial amount of firm wage-setting power. This gap remains after they control for 22 additional variables and use Bayesian Model Averaging and LASSO to address model uncertainty; however, it is less pronounced for studies employing an identification strategy. Furthermore, the authors find strong evidence that implies the literature on direct estimates is prone to selective reporting: Negative estimates of the elasticity of labor supply to the firm tend to be discarded, leading to upward bias in the mean reported estimate. Additionally, they point out several socioeconomic factors that seem to affect the degree of monopsony power.

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15

Whalen, Charles, and Felix Reichling. "Estimates of the Frisch Elasticity of Labor Supply: A Review." Eastern Economic Journal 43, no. 1 (December 2, 2016): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eej.2015.23.

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16

MADDEN, JANICE FANNING. "AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL ELASTICITY OF LABOR SUPPLY." Papers in Regional Science 39, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1977.tb01005.x.

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17

Luksic, Jan. "The extensive macro labor supply elasticity: Integrating taxes and expenditures." European Economic Review 121 (January 2020): 103325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.103325.

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18

Goldberg, Jessica. "Kwacha Gonna Do? Experimental Evidence about Labor Supply in Rural Malawi." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20130369.

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I use a field experiment to estimate the wage elasticity of employment in the day labor market in rural Malawi. Once a week for 12 consecutive weeks, I make job offers for a workfare-type program to 529 adults. The daily wage varies from the tenth to the ninetieth percentile of the wage distribution, and individuals are entitled to work a maximum of one day per week. In this context (the low agricultural season), 74 percent of individuals worked at the lowest wage, and consequently the estimated labor supply elasticity is low (0.15), regardless of observable characteristics. (JEL C93, J22, J31, O15, O18, R23)

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19

Rosilawati, Novi, Ketut Sukiyono, and Sriyoto Sriyoto. "Supply Response Analysis Of Indonesian Cocoa." Journal of Agri Socio-Economics and Business 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jaseb.1.1.25-38.

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The Supply response of cocoa in Indonesia is done through an approach to the area of cocoa plantations, in response to economic factors and non-economic factors. Data analyzed from 1985 to 2015 (time series). The aim is to find out the factors that affect the area of cocoa plantations in Indonesia and the response of the offer of cocoa in Indonesia seen from the value of short-term elasticity and long-term elasticity. The partial adjustment and adaptive expectation model was applied and continued with an analysis of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE). The results of the analysis show that the factors affect the area of cocoa plantations in Indonesia are on smallholder plantations, namely coffee prices, rubber prices, and technology. In the state plantations, namely the previous year's cocoa plantation area, rubber prices, technology, and government policy. In private plantations, namely rubber prices, technology, and labor costs. Supply response of cocoa that is in line with the value of elasticity both short and long term is inelastic which means that it is following expectations, where the value of long-term elasticity is greater than the value of short-term elasticity

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20

Peterman, William B. "Reconciling Micro and Macro Estimates of the Frisch Labor Supply Elasticity." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2012, no. 75 (2012): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2012.75.

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21

Domeij, David, and Martin Flodén. "The labor-supply elasticity and borrowing constraints: Why estimates are biased." Review of Economic Dynamics 9, no. 2 (April 2006): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2005.11.001.

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22

Peterman, William B. "RECONCILING MICRO AND MACRO ESTIMATES OF THE FRISCH LABOR SUPPLY ELASTICITY." Economic Inquiry 54, no. 1 (September 8, 2015): 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12252.

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23

Latta, Gregory S., and Darius M. Adams. "An econometric analysis of output supply and input demand in the Canadian softwood lumber industry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-069.

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Few studies have examined the own-price elasticity of Canadian softwood lumber supply or output-adjusted factor demand elasticities over the past two decades, despite the utility of these measures in understanding producer response to tariffs, to market shifts (such as the decline in U.S. public harvest), and to changes in domestic forest policies. The present analysis employs a normalized, restricted quadratic profit function approach to estimate lumber supply and Marshallian factor demand elasticities for three Canadian regions. Results indicate that the lumber supply elasticity in the British Columbia coast region may be twice as large as that in the interior or eastern regions. Comparison of Hicksian factor demand elasticities with earlier studies suggests that the own price elasticity of labor demand may be two or more times larger than that for wood. Results also indicate differential time trends in Marshallian lumber output and wood demand elasticities across regions, rising in the British Columbia coast and falling elsewhere over the past two decades. Morishima elasticities of substitution from the present and past studies indicate that the wood for labor factor intensity is more sensitive to changes in labor price than is the labor for wood intensity to changes in wood price.

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24

McGee, M. Kevin. "Invariant Resource Supply and Tax Incidence in a Lifecycle Growth Model." Public Finance Quarterly 16, no. 4 (October 1988): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218801600405.

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The incidences of wage, income, interest, output, and expenditure taxes are examined in a dynamic general equilibrium growth model. It is shown that a flat-rate income tax and a general sales tax have the same incidence; if the production function is Cobb-Douglas (unit elasticity of substitution), both are borne entirely by labor income. Feldstein's finding that a proportional capital income tax is partly shifted onto labor income is shown to hold even when saving elasticities are zero. A proportional wage tax reduces after tax wage income by more than the tax, while increasing interest income, demonstrating that labor bears more than a 100% share of this tax's burden. These results are compared to the incidence results of static general equilibrium analysis. It is shown that the general equilibrium results hold in the long run only if the production elasticity of substitution is infinite.

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25

Schindler, Dirk. "Tuition Fees and the Dual Income Tax: The Optimality of the Nordic Income Tax System Reconsidered." German Economic Review 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2010.00504.x.

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Abstract We examine the optimal tax and education policy in the case of a dual income tax. Incorporating an educational sector and endogenous capital taxation, we show that the results in Nielsen and Sørensen’s study are vulnerable with respect to assumptions on the elasticity of unskilled labor supply. Tax progressivity results residually, whereas educational policy guarantees an optimal tax wedge on, but not necessarily efficiency in, educational investment. The less elastic are the unobservable educational investment and skilled labor (the latter relative to unskilled labor supply), and the more educational policy cares about the skilled labor supply, the more progressive the tax system will be. Education will be subsidized on a net basis if the complementarity effect on the skilled labor supply is strong and important; however, there is also an offsetting substitutability effect of the unskilled labor supply at play.

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26

Chang, Yongsung, Sun-Bin Kim, Kyooho Kwon, and Richard Rogerson. "Interpreting Labor Supply Regressions in a Model of Full- and Part-Time Work." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.476.

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We construct a family model of labor supply that features adjustment along both the intensive and extensive margin. Intensive margin adjsutment is restricted to two values: full-time work and part-time work. Using simulated data from the steady state of the calibrated model, we examine whether standard labor supply regressions can uncover the true value of the intertemporal elasticity of labor supply parameter. We find positive estimated elasticities that are larger for women and that are highly significant, but they bear virtually no relationship to the underlying preference parameters.

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27

Dube, Arindrajit, Jeff Jacobs, Suresh Naidu, and Siddharth Suri. "Monopsony in Online Labor Markets." American Economic Review: Insights 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180150.

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Despite the seemingly low switching and search costs of on-demand labor markets like Amazon Mechanical Turk, we find substantial monopsony power, as measured by the elasticity of labor supply facing the requester (employer). We isolate plausibly exogenous variation in rewards using a double machine learning estimator applied to a large dataset of scraped MTurk tasks. We also reanalyze data from five MTurk experiments that randomized payments to obtain corresponding experimental estimates. Both approaches yield uniformly low labor supply elasticities, around 0.1, with little heterogeneity. Our results suggest monopsony might also be present even in putatively “thick” labor markets. (JEL C44, J22, J23, J42)

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28

Rosenbloom, Joshua L. "Occupational Differences in Labor Market Integration: The United States in 1890." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 2 (June 1991): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700039048.

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When labor markets are subject to large demand or supply shocks, as was the case in the late nineteenth-century United States, geographic wage differentials may not be an accurate index of market integration. This article uses a conceptually more appealing measure—the elasticity of local labor supply—to compare the integration of urban labor markets for a variety of occupations in 1890. According to this measure, markets, for unskilled labor and skilled metal-working trades appear relatively well integrated in comparison to those for the skilled building trades.

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29

Specianova, Jitka. "Labor Supply Elasticity in the Unconditional Basic Income System: Data Sources and Methodological Issues." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 4 (February 28, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n4p13.

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This study deals with five sources of data that may help to answer the question of how labor supply would respond to the introduction of unconditional basic income. Research of lottery winners’ labor supply and the results of field experiments, in which the behavior of households who have received a regular unconditional income for a limited time period was observed and is then investigated and discussed. Results of the laboratory experiment, the estimates of microsimulation models, and the results of the opinion polls are also examined. The surveyed data sources show mainly a slight decline in labor supply. However, none of these data were collected in situations that would fully correspond with the expected conditions of decision-making that would occur with the basic income. Any results derived from them therefore need to be considered with caution.

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30

Garnier, Jean-Philippe, Kazuo Nishimura, and Alain Venditti. "LOCAL INDETERMINACY IN CONTINUOUS-TIME MODELS: THE ROLE OF RETURNS TO SCALE." Macroeconomic Dynamics 17, no. 2 (August 22, 2012): 326–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100511000137.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss the effect on returns to scale on the local determinacy properties of the steady state in a continuous-time two-sector economy with endogenous labor supply and sector-specific externalities. First we show that when labor is inelastic and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption is large enough, for any configuration of the returns to scale, local indeterminacy is obtained if there is a capital intensity reversal between the private and the social levels. Second, we prove that when labor is infinitely elastic, saddlepoint stability is obtained if the investment good sector has constant social returns, whereas local indeterminacy arises if the investment good sector has increasing social returns and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption admits intermediate values. Finally, our main conclusion shows that local indeterminacy requires a low elasticity of labor when the investment good has constant social returns, but requires either a low enough or a large enough elasticity of labor when the investment good has increasing social returns.

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31

Bergstrom, Katy, and William Dodds. "Using Labor Supply Elasticities to Learn about Income Inequality: The Role of Productivities versus Preferences." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 28–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200100.

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Using a general labor supply model in which individuals choose how much to work conditional on productivities and preferences for consumption relative to leisure, we show that the mapping from earnings and hours worked to productivities and preferences can be expressed entirely in terms of reduced-form labor supply elasticities. We investigate the roles that productivities and preferences play in driving income inequality in the United States. Benchmark labor supply elasticity estimates from the literature imply that productivities drive most income inequality. Preferences become increasingly important relative to benchmark, with larger income effects or larger differences between earnings and hours-worked elasticities. (JEL J22, J24, D31, J31, H24, H31)

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32

Depew, Briggs, and Todd A. Sørensen. "The elasticity of labor supply to the firm over the business cycle." Labour Economics 24 (October 2013): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2013.08.005.

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33

Tu, Yunqiu. "A Study on the Elasticity of Labor Supply of Chinese Taxi Drivers." Open Journal of Business and Management 09, no. 05 (2021): 2101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2021.95111.

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34

Falch, Torberg. "Wages and Recruitment." ILR Review 70, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 483–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793916651040.

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In this article, the author estimates the causal effect of the wage level on the recruitment rate in establishments. During the 1990s, the wage setting for certified teachers in Norway was completely centralized, with a state-paid wage premium of about 10% at some schools with severe recruitment problems. The empirical approach exploits within-school variation in wage-premium eligibility and that actual teacher supply is empirically observed at schools with excess demand for teachers. In a difference-in-differences framework, the wage premium increases the recruitment rate by 6 to 7 percentage points. This finding is robust to model specification and indicates that the recruitment elasticity to the wage is equal to the separation elasticity in absolute terms. The implied short-run labor-supply elasticity for individual establishments is about 1.4. It is also evidence of a diminishing return to scale in recruitment activity, a central assumption in search-theoretic models of imperfect competition in the labor market.

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35

Vasilev, Aleksandar. "Aggregation with non-convex labor supply, unobservable effort, and efficiency wages of the no-shirking type." Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance 4, no. 1(6) (June 30, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jmef.v4.1(6).02.

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The purpose of this note is to explore the problem of non-convex labor supply decision in an economy with imperfect observability of work effort, and the need to use effciency wages to prevent shirking as in Shapiro and Stiglitz 1984. In addition, the paper and explicitly performs the aggregation presented in Vasilev 2017 without a formal proof, and thus provide - starting from micto-foundations - the derivation of the expected utility functions used for the aggregate household. We show how lotteries as in Rogerson 1988 can be used to convexify consumption sets, and aggregate over individual preferences. With a discrete labor supply decisions, the elasticity of aggregate labor supply increases from unity to infinity.

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36

Keane, Michael P. "Labor Supply and Taxes: A Survey." Journal of Economic Literature 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 961–1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.49.4.961.

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I survey the male and female labor supply literatures, focusing on implications for effects of wages and taxes. For males, I describe and contrast results from three basic types of model: static models (especially those that account for nonlinear taxes), life-cycle models with savings, and life-cycle models with both savings and human capital. For women, more important distinctions are whether models include fixed costs of work, and whether they treat demographics like fertility and marriage (and human capital) as exogenous or endogenous. The literature is characterized by considerable controversy over the responsiveness of labor supply to changes in wages and taxes. At least for males, it is fair to say that most economists believe labor supply elasticities are small. But a sizable minority of studies that I examine obtain large values. Hence, there is no clear consensus on this point. In fact, a simple average of Hicks elasticities across all the studies I examine is 0.31. Several simulation studies have shown that such a value is large enough to generate large efficiency costs of income taxation. For males, I conclude that two factors drive many of the differences in results across studies. One factor is use of direct versus ratio wage measures, with studies that use the former tending to find larger elasticities. Another factor is the failure of most studies to account for human capital returns to work experience. I argue that this may lead to downward bias in elasticity estimates. In a model that includes human capital, I show how even modest elasticities—as conventionally measured—can be consistent with large efficiency costs of taxation. For women, in contrast, it is fair to say that most studies find large labor supply elasticities, especially on the participation margin. In particular, I find that estimates of “long-run” labor supply elasticities—by which I mean estimates that allow for dynamic effects of wages on fertility, marriage, education and work experience—are generally quite large. (JEL D91, J13, J16, J22, J31, H24)

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37

Alesina, Alberto, Andrea Ichino, and Loukas Karabarbounis. "Gender-Based Taxation and the Division of Family Chores." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.2.1.

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Gender-based taxation (GBT) satisfies Ramsey's rule because it taxes at a lower rate the more elastic labor supply of women. We study GBT in a model in which labor elasticities emerge endogenously from intrahousehold bargaining. We explore the cases of superior bargaining power for men, higher male wages, and higher female home productivity. In all cases, men commit to a career in the market, take less home duties than women, and have lower labor supply elasticity. When society resolves its distributional concerns efficiently with gender-specific lump sum transfers, GBT with higher marginal tax rates on (single and married) men is optimal. (JEL D13, H21, H24, J16, J22)

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38

Zhong, Yihui. "A Model Study on the Effect of Housing Supply Elasticity on Labor Market." Open Journal of Business and Management 05, no. 03 (2017): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2017.53044.

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39

Nugrahanto, Arif. "ELASTISITAS PENDAPATAN WAJIB PAJAK (ELASTICITY OF TAXABLE INCOME) DI INDONESIA." KEBERLANJUTAN 4, no. 2 (October 8, 2019): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/keberlanjutan.v4i2.y2019.p1192-1217.

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AbstractThe responses of taxpayers due to the changes in tax rates have attracted the curiosity of many economists. The magnitude of taxpayers’ responses is substantially considered to be very importance in the formulation of tax and transfer policy (Giertz, 2009). The fundamental analysis on how to see the respond of taxpayers due to any changes in tax rates uses elasticity of labor supply, which estimates the changes of working hours with respect to the changes in tax rates. Because people’s response to a tax change may take several forms, including a labor supply response, elasticity of labor supply must be read carefully, as pertaining only to specific circumstances. Then, the elasticity of taxable income, which was originated by Lindsey (1986), is used and introduced to overcome such restrictions.Using very rich panel data of Indonesian taxpayers from 2007 to 2010, this study generates numerous findings about the elasticity of taxable income. The extent of taxpayers’ response deeply depends on how the secular trend of income is isolated and controlled. Without income control, the elasticity of taxable income is 0.289, while using a 10-spline of log of income, the extent is 0.368. Moreover, the study also uses net income as complement of the core estimation. This study identifies that the elasticity of taxable income in Indonesia is in the range of 0.302-0.368 depending on the income definition applied. The findings confirm with most literature on this subject and closely near to what was specified by Saez, et. al (2010) as “a consensus value.” But it should be underlined that these magnitudes are just in the short run period. This also found that the short run and medium period produce varying magnitudes. The medium run period calculation generates the number of close to zero. It might be due to the existence of income shifting, as stated by Goolsbee (2000). Another argument is myopic phenomenon. As taxpayers only focus on the situation that just happen surroundings them.The difference in the effect highpoints what Slemrod (2001) said that the magnitude of reported income elasticity is not an unchanged parameter; indeed, it is subject to government policy. Moreover, the surroundings of the tax reform and after all may also have influences.

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Martínez, Isabel Z., Emmanuel Saez, and Michael Siegenthaler. "Intertemporal Labor Supply Substitution? Evidence from the Swiss Income Tax Holidays." American Economic Review 111, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 506–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180746.

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This paper estimates intertemporal labor supply responses to two-year long income tax holidays staggered across Swiss cantons. Cantons shifted from an income tax system based on the previous two years’ income to a standard annual pay as you earn system, leaving two years of income untaxed. We find significant but quantitatively very small responses of wage earnings with an intertemporal elasticity of 0.025 overall. High wage income earners and especially the self-employed display larger responses with elasticities around 0.1 and 0.25, respectively, most likely driven by tax avoidance. We find no effects along the extensive margin at all. (JEL H24, H26, J22, J23, J31, R23)

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Vinokurov, Evgeny, and Natalia Vinokurova. "Supply in the Russian labor market: gender aspect." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.15.

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The article deals with the economic activity of the Russian population both in general and in the gender aspect. The main attention in the work is focused on the relationship between the economic activity of population and wages. The objectives of the work are, firstly, to identify differences in the behavior of men and women in the labor market in terms of economic activity, and, secondly, to test the hypothesis on the relationship between the economic activity of population and wages. The article provides an overview of the factors affecting the size of labor force and the level of participation in it, as well as statistical data reflecting male and female economic activity in modern Russia. Analysis of the labor activity dynamics leads to the conclusion that there are significant differences in male and female behavior in the labor market. The main cause of these differences is the traditional views of the population on the roles of men and women in society. Also the regression equations connecting the level of economic activity with the average real wage are determined both for the population of the Russian Federation as a whole, and for men and women separately. These equations can be considered as modified functions of the labor supply. Calculations have shown that, despite the general linear nature of the dependence of the economic activity level of population on real wages, its growth leads, ceteris paribus, to an accelerating increase in the activity of men and a slowing increase in the activity of women. The revealed low elasticity of labor supply functions indicates that any significant impact on the level of labor activity can only be provided by significant increase in real wages. First of all, the last statement applies to women.

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Prskawetz, Alexia, Tsvetomir Tsachev, and Vladimir M. Veliov. "OPTIMAL EDUCATION IN AN AGE-STRUCTURED MODEL UNDER CHANGING LABOR DEMAND AND SUPPLY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 16, no. 2 (April 14, 2011): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000465.

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We introduce a model of the optimal education policy at the macro level, allowing for heterogeneity of the workforce with respect to its age and qualification skills. Within this framework we study the optimal education rate in the context of changes in labor demand (as represented by the elasticity of substitution across ages and qualification) and labor supply (as represented by a change in the population growth rates). Applying an age-structured optimal-control model, we derive features of the optimal age-specific education rate. Our results show that the relation between the elasticities of substitution of labor across ages plays a crucial role in the way the demographic changes affect (both in the short and in the long run) the optimal educational policy. We also show that under imperfect substitutability across age and qualification groups, the optimal educational policy is adjusted in advance to any change in the labor supply.

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Vasilev, Aleksandar. "Aggregation with a mix of indivisible and continuous labor supply decisions." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2015-0098.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the problem of non-convex labor supply decision in an economy with both discrete and continuous labor decisions. In contrast to the setup in McGrattan et al. (1997), here each household faces an indivisible labor supply choice in the market sector, while it can choose to work any number of hours in the non-market sector. Design/methodology/approach The authors show how lotteries as in Rogerson (1988) can again be used to convexify consumption sets, and aggregation over individual preferences. Findings With a mix of discrete and continuous labor supply decisions, disutility of non-market work becomes separable from market work, and the elasticity of the latter increases from unity to infinity. Research limitations/implications As a possible venue for future research, the authors plan to feed the derived aggregate utility function above in a sophisticated real-business-cycle model to investigate the effect of those preferences for the transmission of technology and fiscal shocks. Originality/value This is a novel and interesting result in the aggregation literature.

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Crawford, Vincent P., and Juanjuan Meng. "New York City Cab Drivers' Labor Supply Revisited: Reference-Dependent Preferences with Rational-Expectations Targets for Hours and Income." American Economic Review 101, no. 5 (August 1, 2011): 1912–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.1912.

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This paper proposes a model of cab drivers' labor supply, building on Henry S. Farber's (2005, 2008) empirical analyses and Botond Kőszegi and Matthew Rabin's (2006; henceforth “KR”) theory of reference-dependent preferences. Following KR, our model has targets for hours as well as income, determined by proxied rational expectations. Our model, estimated with Farber's data, reconciles his finding that stopping probabilities are significantly related to hours but not income with Colin Camerer et al.'s (1997) negative “wage” elasticity of hours; and avoids Farber's criticism that estimates of drivers' income targets are too unstable to yield a useful model of labor supply. (JEL J22, J31, L92)

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Garnier, Jean-Philippe, Kazuo Nishimura, and Alain Venditti. "Intertemporal substitution in consumption, labor supply elasticity and sunspot fluctuations in continuous-time models." International Journal of Economic Theory 3, no. 4 (December 7, 2007): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7363.2007.00058.x.

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Farber, Henry S. "Why you Can’t Find a Taxi in the Rain and Other Labor Supply Lessons from Cab Drivers*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 4 (July 13, 2015): 1975–2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv026.

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Abstract I replicate and extend the seminal work of Camerer et al. (“Labor Supply of New York City Cabdrivers: One Day at a Time,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 [1997], 407–441), who find that the wage elasticity of daily hours of work for New York City taxi drivers is negative and conclude that their labor supply behavior is consistent with reference dependence. In contrast, my analysis of the complete record of all trips taken in NYC taxi cabs from 2009 to 2013 shows that drivers tend to respond positively to unanticipated as well as anticipated increases in earnings opportunities. Additionally, using a discrete choice stopping model, the probability of a shift ending is strongly positively related to hours worked but at best weakly related to income earned. I find substantial heterogeneity across drivers in their elasticities, but the estimated elasticities are generally positive and rarely substantially negative. I find that new drivers with smaller elasticities are more likely to exit the industry, whereas drivers who remain quickly learn to be better optimizers (have positive labor supply elasticities that grow with experience). These results are consistent with the neoclassical optimizing model of labor supply and suggest that consideration of gain-loss utility and income reference dependence is not an important factor in the daily labor supply decisions of taxi drivers.

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Winchester, Niven, and Sebastian Rausch. "A Numerical Investigation of the Potential for Negative Emissions Leakage." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.320.

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Emissions restrictions in one region may decrease emissions elsewhere (negative leakage), as increased demand for capital and labor to abate emissions in constrained regions may reduce output in unconstrained regions. We investigate leakage in computable general equilibrium (CGE) models under alternative fossil fuel supply elasticity values and factor mobility assumptions. We find that fossil fuel supply elasticities must be equal or close to infinity to generate net negative leakage. As empirical estimates for fossil fuel supply elasticities are less than 1, we conclude that leakage estimates from CGE models are unlikely to be negative.

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Dustmann, Christian, Uta Schönberg, and Jan Stuhler. "Labor Supply Shocks, Native Wages, and the Adjustment of Local Employment*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 435–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw032.

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Abstract By exploiting a commuting policy that led to a sharp and unexpected inflow of Czech workers to areas along the German-Czech border, we examine the impact of an exogenous immigration-induced labor supply shock on local wages and employment of natives. On average, the supply shock leads to a moderate decline in local native wages and a sharp decline in local native employment. These average effects mask considerable heterogeneity across groups: while younger natives experience larger wage effects, employment responses are particularly pronounced for older natives. This pattern is inconsistent with standard models of immigration but can be accounted for by a model that allows for a larger labor supply elasticity or a higher degree of wage rigidity for older than for young workers. We further show that the employment response is almost entirely driven by diminished inflows of natives into work rather than outflows into other areas or nonemployment, suggesting that “outsiders” shield “insiders” from the increased competition.

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Muroga, Kiho. "Work or housework? Mincer’s hypothesis and the labor supply elasticity of married women in Japan." Japanese Economic Review 71, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 303–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42973-019-00017-8.

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Motghare, Swapnil. "The long-run elasticity of labor supply: New evidence for New York City taxicab drivers." Labour Economics 71 (August 2021): 102025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102025.

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