Academic literature on the topic 'Labor unions, portugal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Labor unions, portugal"
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Muñoz Sánchez, Antonio. "La socialdemocracia alemana y el movimiento sindical ibérico durante las transiciones a la democracia (1974-1979) = The German Social Democracy and the Iberian Trade Union Movement during the Transition to Democracy (1974-1979)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie V, Historia Contemporánea, no. 32 (June 23, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfv.32.2020.26052.
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El texto trata de la dimensión internacional de la transición sindical en Portugal y España. En concreto, analiza la contribución de la socialdemocracia alemana a la reconstrucción del movimiento sindical socialista, muy débil en ambos países al iniciarse el proceso de transición. Muestra cómo el temor a que el predominio comunista en las dos grandes centrales ibéricas, Intersindical y Comisiones Obreras, significase un factor de inestabilidad permanente en las nacientes democracias, movió a la DGB y la Fundación Ebert a implicarse masivamente en apoyo de las modestas organizaciones socialistas. El texto explora las líneas maestras de la colaboración con los cuadros sindicales del Partido Socialista portugués y con la española Unión General de Trabajadores. El autor defiende la tesis, que podrá refrendarse o refutarse cuando se permita el acceso a algunas fuentes relevantes en Madrid y Lisboa, que el apoyo alemán fue crucial para el meteórico ascenso del histórico sindicato socialista español y para la creación de homónima central portuguesa União Geral de Trabalhadores. AbstractThis paper deals with the international dimension of the trade union transition in Portugal and Spain in the 1970s. It analyzes the contribution of German social democracy to the reconstruction of the socialist labor movement, which were extremely weak in both countries at the beginning of the transitions. It shows how the fear that the communist dominance in the two great Iberian unions, Intersindical and Comisiones Obreras, meant a permanent instability factor in the nascent democracies, moved the DGB and the Ebert Foundation to massively support the modest socialist labor movement. The text explores the main lines of the cooperation with the trade union cadres of the Portuguese Socialist Party and with the Spanish Unión General de Trabajadores. The author holds the thesis, which can be endorsed or refuted when access to some relevant sources in Madrid and Lisbon is allowed, that German support was crucial for the meteoric rise of the historic Spanish socialist union and for the creation of the homonym Portuguese União Geral de Trabalhadores.
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Izyumov, Alexei, and John Vahaly. "Rent-based income redistribution in developed market economies." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 16, no. 1 (2021): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2021-1-39-53.
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Public-sector workers in many countries earn more, on average, than their private-sector peers with similar characteristics. In terms of economic theory, these rewards represent economic rents most of which paid by a nation’s taxpayers. In contrast to economic rents accruing to recipients at the top of income distribution, most of these payments flow from one group of workers to another. For this reason, we call these payments “horizontal” economic rents. The level of horizontal rents is analyzed in this paper for 28 OECD countries, mostly representing Europe, based on public-private sector pay gap data from a number of studies. We found that measured as a ratio of public-sector overpayments to GDP, the highest horizontal rents are paid to government workers in Mediterranean EU countries. These rents are relatively low in larger EU countries, such as Germany and the United Kingdom and negative in Scandinavian countries, possibly reflecting the recognition of the non-monetary benefits of public employment, such as job security. Analyzing the determinants of horizontal rents, we found that their levels are lower in countries with stronger trade unions, as measured by trade-unions density and higher in countries with larger foreign-born populations. Macroeconomic variables, including GDP per capita, trade openness, labor force participation and government indebtedness were found to not measurably influence the level of horizontal rents. Further research is seen to be connected with a wider range of the countries under analysis, including the developing countries, and the other groups of employees with the horizontal economic rent, as well as the possible ways to decrease or to invalidate it as regards the practices analysis of the countries with the negligible or negative rent such as Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, and Iceland.
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Costa, Hermes Augusto. "From Europe as a model to Europe as austerity." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 18, no. 4 (October 26, 2012): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258912458866.
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Twenty five years after Portuguese EU accession, the labour market in general and the trade unions in particular are faced with severely regressive social measures that undermine past expectations of progress towards the achievement of the Social Europe project in Portugal. Thus, on the one hand, this article identifies some of the ambitions and possibilities earlier opened up for the Portuguese labour market, as well as trade union attitudes to European integration. It is argued, on the other hand, that, in the context of the economic crisis and the austerity measures to which Portugal is subjected, the sense of Portugal’s backwardness in relation to the ‘European project’ has become more acute. The article accordingly focuses on and examines some of the austerity measures and certain controversial issues associated with them. In a final section, the impact of austerity on labour relations and the reactions of social partners, in particular the trade unions, are analysed.
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Machado, Maria do Céu, Maria Isabel Alves, Luísa Couceiro, Francisco Goiana da Silva, Miguel Morais de Almeida, and Isa Alves. "Natalidade e Fertilidade: Análise dos Conhecimentos e Expectativas de 3585 Estudantes Universitários Portugueses." Acta Médica Portuguesa 27, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.5196.
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<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Nowadays, Portuguese birth rate is insufficient to ensure renewal of generations. Women high education levels and labor market integration and increased economic difficulties are some of multiple factors leading to a delay in average parenting age and an increase of infertility; also subject to others such as obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Transversal epidemiological study, analytical, uncontrolled, from self-filled online questionnaires, promoted by students’ university unions. A sample of 3585 university students was considered and a global and by gender statistic analysis was done through SPSS, Excel was used to build graphics and tables and ArcMap to represent maps. <strong>Results:</strong> Mainly students from the Health Sciences (40.6%), Universidade de Lisboa (59.4%), female (76.9%), median age of 22; intention to marry/ union 71.0%, parenthood 85.7%. A total of 18.4% smoke, 22.3% consume alcohol and obesity 15.4%; employment (47.4%) and the partner’s will (39.9%) were important determinants for parenthood decision as well as having financial stability to provide a good education (33.6%) and healthcare (38.6%); A total of 53.6% have considered the hypothesis of infertility and highlight above 35 year old maternal age (18.7%), obesity (18%) and female smoking (19.0) as factors. Higher and more significant values for smoking (p = 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.000) in males were found.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The sample seems representative, well distributed among different areas of study, with more female respondents than the university portuguese ratio. There are more students with parenting projects than marriage/cohabitation, in accordance with Portuguese data. Nevertheless, the same students identify the family as a priority in comparison with employment and career. Parenting decisions are tied by social-economic situation but an important factor is the low fertility due to the maternal age delay of the first pregnancy.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> University student unions are an excellent instrument to access them; a high number of respondents consider having children but delay the decision; there is a lack of information about the consequences of delaying parenting age and about infertility factors. The negative trend of fertility must be seen as a necessity to develop specific policies.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Birth Rate; Students; Universities; Fertility; Portugal.</p>
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Costa, Hermes Augusto, and Bia Carneiro. "Digital communication as a global challenge for trade unions: lessons from Brazil and Portugal." Tempo Social 33, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2021.182000.
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As a cross-cutting issue encompassing all of society, the evolution of digital technologies is particularly challenging to traditional labour actors that are accustomed to physical work and face-to-face contact. This article discusses the distinctive possibilities of social media use as a forward-thinking global strategy for organised labour. After an initial clarification of useful concepts to consider in the digital age, we focus on the social media presence of trade unions, identifying the pros and cons associated with platform-based communication. Finally, the article debates the implications of social media platforms as tools to strengthen networks with nonunion actors and contribute to the amplification of the labour agenda. Through a comparative analysis of four trade union confederations, two from Brazil and two from Portugal, we argue that, despite the possibilities for outreach and interaction enabled by the new communication and information technologies, trade union confederations maintain constricted networks and an outdated top-down communications model.
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Kovács, Ilona, João Dias, and Maria da Conceição Cerdeira. "Young Workers’ Perceptions of Trade Unions in Portugal." Hors-thème 72, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 574–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041098ar.
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This paper seeks to capture how unions are perceived by young workers in Portugal and to identify different types of perceptions. Our analysis considers both structural factors and subjective experiences and is based on semi-structured interviews with young people working in sectors with a high concentration of youth employment. The fact that young workers are increasingly exposed to the pressures of unemployment and precarious work might suggest that there is homogeneity in their perceptions about trade unions and collective action. However, our results show that young workers’ perceptions are not homogenous and that they interconnect with distinct segments, characterized by different socio-economic conditions, as defined by family status, education level and position in the labour market. Three types of perceptions were identified by content analysis of the interviews: positive, negative and critical perceptions. A final segment of younger and less-skilled workers, of families with low educational and economic resources and having left school prematurely, have neither information nor any understanding about unions. Our findings support the thesis that diversity of educational and early labour market experiences, which characterize transition processes to adulthood, shape the relation between young workers and unions, in particular the motivation to join unions. Capturing the diversity of young workers experiences and perceptions is a challenge to industrial relations research, as well as to trade unionism. It can provide unions with important insights into how to adapt their strategies to recruit new young members and to mobilize the latent interests of young workers in collective action.
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Rigby, Mike, and Miguel Ángel García Calavia. "Institutional resources as a source of trade union power in Southern Europe." European Journal of Industrial Relations 24, no. 2 (May 19, 2017): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680117708369.
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Institutional resources are one of the sources of power available to trade unions, but recent literature has tended to pay less attention to these than to associational and organizational resources. We examine institutional resources in three Southern European countries, Greece, Portugal and Spain, which share many common characteristics. However, the character of institutional resources in Spanish industrial relations is distinctive. We examine the plasticity of industrial relations institutions in Spain in terms of labour market outcomes but argue that institutional security is an essential platform for unions seeking to develop other sources of power.
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Stoleroff, Alan. "The revolution in the public services sector in Portugal: with or without the unions." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 13, no. 4 (November 2007): 631–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890701300408.
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Since the onset of the public deficit crisis in 2001–2002, three successive Portuguese governments have promoted a transformation of public sector employment relations with the aim of bringing them into line with the private sector. Given the importance both of employment in the public sector and of public sector unions to the overall labour movement, the outcome of these reforms will have a decisive impact upon industrial relations in Portugal. The Portuguese public sector unions have consistently claimed that the government has presented them with preconceived reform packages, has not bargained and has in fact imposed its concept of the reforms. This article analyses the relationship between the government and the unions in negotiating the reforms, focusing on the degree of conflict involved and the extent to which the reforms have proceeded within the framework of social dialogue.
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Boavida, Nuno, and António Brandão Moniz. "Perfil e representação de trabalhadores de plataformas digitais em Portugal." Sociologia: Revista da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Tematico (2022): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/08723419/soctem2022a3.
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Working on digital platforms is a new form of work that, in Portugal, has not yet defined a regulated model of labour relations. This article analyses the worker profiles of various digital work platforms and their collective representation in Portugal. The diversity found in the case studies of worker profiles from each platform explains, in part, the lack of interest of labour movements in representing them. The type of tasks and the workplace contributes to the lack of interest in the search for collective representatives and demonstrates the (mis)alignments that occurred between workers and possible representatives. There is also potential for other alignments between the interests of different workers, trade union movements and associations of alternative representation
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Pires de Carvalho Oliveira Silva, Carla Sofia, María Jesús Freire Seoane, and Beatriz López Bermúdez. "Un análisis de la formación terciaria entre los trabajadores dependientes e independientes: El caso de Portugal." education policy analysis archives 27 (April 29, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3912.
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The labor insertion of the population is a complex process, which requires the consideration of a good number of variables and the approach from multiple levels. On the one hand, it is important to analyze this procedure according to the conditions of the labor market and the characteristics of the individuals that make up the existing human capital in each country. Portugal has experienced in the period from 2006 to 2016 a process of economic crisis (2008), which provoked in 2011 the intervention of the European Union. In spite of everything, in this context where the socio-economic situation is impaired, the recovery becomes latent and the growth path has been maintained, which has had an impact on educational levels and labor insertion. The main objective of this research is to analyze the levels of tertiary education reached by the employed population in the period 2006 to 2016, differentiating between workers hired by third parties (dependents) or self-employed (independent).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labor unions, portugal"
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Almeida, Sara Raquel Claudino. "O movimento sindical: As motivações envolvidas na sindicalização dos jovens." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19452.
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Apesar de existir uma crescente preocupação com a diminuição das taxas de sindicalização e com o afastamento dos jovens, este tema está pouco estudado, sobretudo em contexto português. Assim, em vez de nos focarmos no que leva ao afastamento dos jovens do sindicalismo e quais são os motivos para não se sindicalizarem, vamos pelo contrário tentar compreender, perante a conjunta atual, quais os motivos que levam os jovens a sindicalizarem-se, o que parece contrariar a tendência global. Como técnica de recolha de dados recorreu-se à realização de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas (n=17) e como método de análise de dados realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo. Através dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que o principal motivo que levou os jovens a sindicalizarem-se foram as influências que receberam. É importante salientar que esta amostra não é representativa da população de jovens trabalhadores sindicalizados, portanto as conclusões retiradas não podem ser estendidas a toda a população. O propósito deste estudo foi o de dar um contributo teórico que permitisse avançar no conhecimento das motivações envolvidas na sindicalização dos jovens e um contributo prático que permitisse dar pistas ação aos sindicatos como estratégias de aproximação aos jovens.Although there is a growing concern about the reduction of trade union rates and the removal of young people, this theme is poorly studied and even more so in the portuguese context. Therefore, instead of worrying about what leads young people away from trade union and why they are not unionizing, the aim of this study is precisely the opposite, is to try to understand, in the current conjuncture, what are the reasons that lead the young people to unionize, which seems to contradict the global trend. The data collection technique used in this study was semi-structured individual interviews (n = 17) and as data analysis method was made a content analysis. In terms of the results obtained, it was found that the main reason that leads a young man to unionize is the influences he received to do so. It is important to note that this sample is not representative of the population of young unionized workers, so the conclusions drawn cannot be extended to the entire population. The purpose of this study is to make a theoretical contribution to advance the knowledge of the motivations involved in youth unionization and a practical contribution that will give tips to the trade unions on how they can approach the young people.
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Corga, Sofia Alexandra Pereira. "Participação dos trabalhadores nas decisões das organizações: perceção dos sindicatos portugueses." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15419.
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Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo analisar o direito à participação dos
trabalhadores nas decisões das organizações, na perspetiva dos sindicatos portugueses. Trata-se de
um tema que tem levantado bastante polémica, e que apesar de serem apresentados imensos
motivos a favor, nomeadamente o aumento dos níveis de desempenho e a diminuição dos
desequilíbrios entre as hierarquias, ainda levanta alguma resistência por parte das empresas e dos
sindicatos. Trata-se de um estudo de tipo exploratório, cujos métodos utilizados foram a revisão de
literatura e a realização de entrevistas a membros sindicais, nomeadamente da CGTP, FECTRANS
e sindicato Nacional dos trabalhadores do sector ferroviário. Pretendi com estas entrevistas
perceber qual a relação ente autoridade, governança democrática e participação dos trabalhadores
no ponto de vista dos sindicatos, assim como, ter uma visão de um panorama futuro dos sindicatos
caso tenham que se adaptar. Conclui-se das entrevistas realizadas, que apesar de muito desejada a
introdução de politicas mais democráticas dentro das organizações, onde possam os trabalhadores
sentirem-se como parte integrante e influente da organização através da sua participação, os
sindicatos de certa forma acabam por se contradizer, pois apesar de considerarem essa participação
como algo desejável e pela qual lutam e acreditam, consideram que é algo irrealista.This dissertation has as main objective to analyze the right to the participation of the workers in the decisions of the organizations, in the perspective of the Portuguese unions. This is a subject that raises some controversy. However, there are many reasons to support the worker’ participation, namely increased levels of performance and the reduction of imbalances between hierarchies but there is still some resistances on the part of companies and unions. This is an exploratory study, where I used the literature review and interviews with unions members (CGTP, FECTRANS and the Nacional railway workers’ Union). Through these interviews, I wanted to understand the relationship between authority, democratic governance and participation of workers in the view of the unions, as well as to have a vision of a future panorama of the unions if they have to adapt. I can conclude that, despite the desire to introduce more democratic policies within organizations, where workers can feel themselves to be an integral and influential part of the organization through their participation, the trade unions in a way end up contradicting themselves, because although they consider it desirable and they fight and believe in it, they consider as unrealistic.
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Gonçalves, Ana Rita dos Reis Louro Henrique. "A proibição de retrocesso social e a negociação coletiva em Portugal: um balanço dos direitos, liberdades e garantias no contexto laboral do grupo PT." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12770.
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Esta dissertação visa recuperar a proposta teórica discutida pela doutrina e jurisprudência
constitucional, em particular nos anos 80 e 90 do século XX, segundo a qual o nível legalmente
consagrado de um direito constitucionalmente garantido não poderá ser totalmente eliminado sem que
sejam criadas medidas alternativas que garantam o seu núcleo irredutível, e enquadrá-la no contexto
das relações laborais em Portugal.
Ora, aparentemente transposto o período de crise económico-financeira que afetou as empresas à
escala global, em particular aquelas sediadas nos países do sul da Europa, importa avaliar e reanalisar
os efeitos que as medidas tomadas em Portugal por via legislativa, e várias vezes confirmadas pelo
Tribunal Constitucional, tiveram sobre o panorama das relações laborais, não só sobre as empresas e
seus trabalhadores, como também sobre os sindicatos e a negociação coletiva, à luz daquele princípio.
Neste enquadramento, procuramos responder à pergunta: qual é o valor da negociação coletiva hoje?
qual é a sua capacidade de criar e salvaguardar os direitos dos trabalhadores?
Nesta senda, investigámos como os sindicatos (muitas vezes (e cada vez mais) relegados para um
segundo plano na gestão empresarial em Portugal) e em particular do sector das telecomunicações,
nomeadamente com presença no grupo PT, têm procurado salvaguardar os direitos dos seus associados
num panorama legal reestruturado e numa empresa em reestruturação, que recentemente concluiu a
revisão do ACT que vincula várias empresas do grupo, numa prolongada negociação entre os
sindicatos e a gestão, a qual desde Junho de 2015 é liderada pelo grupo Altice.This master’s dissertation aims to recover the theoretical proposal discussed by the constitutional academics and constitutional court, mainly in the 80’s and 90’s of the XX century, according to which the legally set level of a right foreseen in the Constitution cannot be eliminated tout-court without creating alternative measures to grant its minimal core, and to frame it in regard of the industrial relations in Portugal. Now, when it is apparently surpassed the economic-financial crisis which affected the companies in a global scale, and in particular those rooted in the southern Europe countries, it is time to analyse the effects of the undertaken legal measures, often confirmed by the Constitutional Court, on the industrial relations panorama, not only over the companies and its employees, but also over the unions and collective bargaining, in light of said principle of prohibition of social regression. In this context, we aim to provide an answer to the following questions: what is the value of collective bargaining today? how is it capable to instore and maintain rights for the employees? Thus, we will investigate how the unions, (often (and increasingly) put in the backstage in respect to the management of a company in Portugal) and, in particular, the unions in the telecommunication sector, namely those in the PT group, are trying to safeguard the rights of their associates in a restructuring legal framework and in a restructuring company, which has recently concluded the revision of the Collective Labour Agreement which binds several group in a long negotiation between the unions and the management of PT, which is since June 2015 headed by the French group Altice.
Books on the topic "Labor unions, portugal"
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Estanque, Elísio, and António Casimiro Ferreira. Relações laborais e sindicalismo em mudança: Portugal, Brasil e o contexto transnacional. Coimbra: Quarteto, 2004.
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Maneschy, Maria Cristina, José Maria Carvalho Ferreira, Ana Célia Gomes, and Sônia Barbosa Magalhães. Organização social do trabalho e associativismo no contexto da mundialização: Estudos em Portugal, África e Amazônia. Belém: Núcleo de Meio Ambiente, 2010.
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Freire, João. Anarquistas e operários: Ideologia, ofício e práticas sociais : o anarquismo e o operariado em Portugal, 1900-1940. Porto: Edições Afrontamento, 1992.
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International, Meeting on Modern Portugal (3rd 1984 Durham N. H. ). Conflict and change in Portugal, 1974-1984: III International Meeting on Modern Portugal, Durham, New Hampshire. Lisboa: Teorema, 1985.
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Freitas, Carolina. A defesa do trabalho decente e a substituição processual em Portugal e no Brasil. [Recife, Brazil]: ESMATRA 6a Região, 2013.
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International Meeting on Modern Portugal (3rd 1984 Durham, N.H.). Conflict and change in Portugal, 1974-1984 =: Conflitos e mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984 : [proceedings] of the III International Meeting on Modern Portugal, Durham, New Hampshire. Lisboa: Teorema, 1985.
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Die Arbeiterbewegung in Portugal im Prozess gesellschaftlichen Umbruchs: Traditionen, Entstehung und Politik der nachsalazaristischen Gewerkschaften (1968-1979). Hamburg: Kovač, 1988.
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Francisco, José. Recordações de um proletário: Achegas para a história da acção dos libertários em Portugal. Lisboa: Editora Sementeira CRL, 1985.
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Patriarca, Fátima. Sindicatos contra Salazar: A revolta de 18 de janeiro de 1934. Lisboa, Portugal: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, 2000.
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Galhordas, Maria Emília. Tradição centenária a par com o nosso tempo, 1883-1993: Contribuição para a história da "Voz do operário". Lisboa: A Voz do operário, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Labor unions, portugal"
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Rocha, Miguel, Liliana Matias Carvalho, Regis Barbosa, Mauro Correia, Sara Simões, Jacinta Bugalhão, Sara Brito, et al. "O Caderno Reivindicativo e as condições de trabalho em Arqueologia." In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 145–53. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa10.
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Being an archaeology professional in Portugal means, for the vast majority, working under job insecurity and labour law deregulation, in unworthy and unfair working conditions. In this sense, the elaboration of a Caderno Reivindicativo (a list of demands) for work in Archaeology is a concrete proposal for discussion and mobilization towards change and improvement of working conditions. Therefore, it is a fundamental and urgent line of action for STARQ – The Portuguese archaeologists’ union. By inviting others to discuss the announced claims, STARQ seeks to expand the understanding of workers’ rights, creating among them a greater sense of organization and unity, essential to the achievement and warranty of their rights.
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Feher, Michel. "Disposing of the Discredited: A European Project." In Mutant Neoliberalism, 146–76. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823285716.003.0006.
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In a world where financial markets are hegemonic, credit is synonymous with value. Corporations, but also states, and even human beings, can be perceived as projects looking for investors. Within this global context, the European Union comes with two distinctive features: a rapidly aging population combined with a growing reluctance to open its borders to migrants. This means that, far from staking their credit on the restoration of some demographic dynamism, European nations continuously seek to raise the ratio of capital to labor. They do whatever is necessary to attract investments but also to prevent people deprived of favorably rated resources from coming in and to weed out the segments of their population that are the most likely to diminish their overall credit. Disposing of the discredited can thus be analyzed as a multidimensional European project rich in public-private partnerships: it involves letting migrants drown in the Mediterranean sea, making life unbearable for allegedly undesirable populations such as the Roma, pushing an increasing number of insufficiently malleable employees to suicide, erasing all traces of a large proportion of the unemployed from official registers, and, in countries like Greece, Portugal and Ireland, pushing more and more young nationals to migrate.
Conference papers on the topic "Labor unions, portugal"
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Urbane, Marta. "The Future of the Employee’s Right to Disconnect in the European Union and Latvia." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002285.
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The right to disconnect refers to a worker's right to be able to disconnect from work and refrain from engaging in work-related electronic communication, like emails and other messages, during non-work hours and holidays. The Latvian Labor Law does not directly determine the right to disconnect from digital devices, however, such rights arise from certain legal norms. Examples of the provisions of the Labor Law relate to the general rules on rest periods and breaks in work. The recent research results of remote work during Covid-19 pandemic conducted by the author show that for 69.3% of respondents working remotely possibility to disconnect from digital devices outside working hours (when the assigned work tasks have been completed) is extremely crucial. If the rights to disconnect are not explicitly regulated, the risk of disbalance between work and private life is at stake. The increase in workload during the emergency caused by COVID-19 was indicated by 42.7% of respondents in Latvia. That shows that another problem of lack of regulation of rights to disconnect could be unpaid overtime. The research shows that 14.7% of respondents were not paid for overtime work when working from home. The practice shows a critical need for sustainable and predictable changes in the legal system to protect employees’ rights and thus ensure stable employment in general in Latvia. It was also recently decided by Employment Committee MEPs that EU countries must ensure that workers are able to exercise the right to disconnect effectively. Some of the member states in the European Union have recently implemented the right into their legal system (Portugal, Spain, France), but each member state takes a different approach. That means that discussion is no longer if there is a need to implement the “right to disconnect” in national legal acts, but how to implement the right efficiently not only at a national level but at the EU level as well.The goal of the research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal status of the “right to disconnect” in the legal system of the European Union and Latvia. In order to reach the goal, the author is using various scientific research methods. The paper is based on a quantitative research method and analytical, comparative, case law analysis method to provide valid conclusions on the current role of the “right to disconnect” in Latvia and the European Union. The author also offers recommendations on how to implement the “right to disconnect” efficiently to avoid violation of employees’ rights and ensure a sustainable work environment.In the result, the author has concluded that the biggest impediment of the employee's right to disconnect is the lack of clear legislative preconditions that would encourage businesses to preserve employees' freedom to disconnect, resulting in a more sustainable working environment - both in the office and remotely.Finally, the author concludes that there is a need to adjust regulation in Latvia to meet the needs of widespread use of remote work. The author also concludes that a significant role to protect employees’ right to disconnect is for governmental authorities to explain the right to disconnect to employees and employers.
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Bicho, Marta, Maria Madalena Pereira, Rui Miguel, and Nuno Belino. "Fashion design and fashion technology courses: Practical skills in patterns making, garment manufacturing techniques, technologies, and applications for fashion industry." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001540.
Full textAbstract:
In higher education of national and international courses, there appear the designation Fashion Design, Fashion Technology, and the techniques of pattern making and garment manufacturing which are not always associated in the same curricular unit. The practical skills associated with these two techniques are complementary in fashion product development; but the separation or the failure of interaction between them in the past, contributed to the deficiencies in the validation of the fashion product in the learning phase and in many cases, they present deficiencies in the transfer of knowledge to the labor market. The type of textile and clothing industry differs from country to country, in Portugal it is still essentially based on exporting companies, accounting for 10% of the national exports, where the profile of the professional required is mainly for product development, with skills in techniques, materials and market. In other countries, the profile is adapted for departments, from the creation and development of collections for fashion brands, product development, market, global and local sourcing, among others, result of the evolution that the sector had in the last 20 years, after the multifiber agreement and with the relocation of production to countries with cheaper labor. However, the textile and clothing sector, although belonging to the same chain differ from each other, capital intensive versus labor intensive. The objective of this investigation is to answer a main question: What competences, from a practical point of view, are necessary for the Portuguese garment exporting industry in graduate students specialized in fashion design and fashion technology? The objective is to know what practical skills the Portuguese clothing exporting industry needs, as well as the necessary relationship between the various techniques in the learning phase that contribute to the development of a value-added fashion product. To answer this question, a program of visits/ classes in companies was developed with students in the fashion design specialization, to sensitive them of the needs of the industry and was developed a program of collaboration between two curricular units: pattern making and garment manufacturing. A practical lesson plan for two curricular units was developed for two groups of 25 students. Were also interviewed 10 entrepreneurs from the sector, about their needs and deficiencies in terms of qualified staff in the area. It is concluded that, after contact with companies in the sector and in a classroom model in the company, students show changes in behavior regarding the commitment and acquisition of technical skills. The interconnection between the two curricular units also allowed students to validate the results of their practical work, in the image of industrial model. It is also concluded that the contribution of teachers with recent experience in the clothing industry is essential in the contribution of student’s acquisition of skills to the labor market of the Portuguese clothing industry.
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Melibaeva, Sevara, Joseph Sussman, and Travis P. Dunn. "Comparative Study of High-Speed Passenger Rail Deployment in Megaregion Corridors: Current Experiences and Future Opportunities." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56115.
Full textAbstract:
Deployment of high-speed passenger rail services has occurred around the world in densely-populated corridors, often with the effect of either creating or enhancing a unified economic “megaregion” agglomeration. This paper will review the technical characteristics of a variety of megaregion corridors, including Japan (Tokyo-Osaka), France (Paris-Lyon), and Germany (Frankfurt-Cologne), and their economic impacts. There are many lessons to be drawn from the deployment and ongoing operation of high-speed passenger rail service in these corridors for other countries now considering similar projects, such as the US and parts of the European Union. First, we will review three international cases, describing the physical development of each corridor as well as its measured impacts on economic development. In each case, the travel time reductions of the high-speed service transformed the economic boundaries of the urban agglomerations, integrating labor and consumer markets, while often simultaneously raising concerns about the balance of growth within the region. Moreover, high-speed travel within the regions has had important implications for the modes and patterns of travel beyond the region, particularly with respect to long-distance air travel. An example is the code-shared rail-air service between DeutscheBahn and Lufthansa in the Frankfurt-Cologne corridor. Next, we will examine the implications of these international experiences for high-speed rail deployment elsewhere in the world, particularly the US and Portugal, one of the EU countries investing in high-speed rail. Issues considered include the suitability of high-speed passenger rail service in existing megaregions as well as the potential for formation of megaregions in other corridors. By understanding the impact of high-speed passenger service on economic growth, labor markets, urban form, and the regional distribution of economic activity, planners can better anticipate and prepare countermeasures for any negative effects of high-speed rail. Examples of countermeasures include complementary investments in urban and regional transit connections and cooperation with airlines and other transportation service operators. High-speed passenger rail represents a substantial investment whose implementation and ultimate success depends on a wide range of factors. Among them is the ability of planners and decision-makers to make a strong case for the sharing of benefits across a broad geography, both within and beyond the megaregion (and potential megaregion) corridors where service is most likely to be provided. This paper provides some useful lessons based on international experiences.
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"CANNABIS USE AND ANXIETY DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY - DUAL DISORDER TO DUAL PATIENTS." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p144s.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives From clinical cases of patients observed in Perinatal Psychiatry - Setúbal Hospital Center (Portugal), we conducted a review of the impact of both cannabis use and anxiety disorders during pregnancy. Methods and material Case reports and literature review of PubMed for cannabis use, anxiety disorders and pregnancy. Results and conclusions In Outpatient Perinatal Psychiatry we observed women with anxiety disorders who reported using cannabis during pregnancy. Indeed, pregnancy is a highly vulnerable period to the onset or worsening of previous anxiety symptoms. Anxiety disorders may adversely impact not only the mother, but also fetal maturation and child development. In fact, preterm labor and low birth weight are consistently linked with anxiety during pregnancy. Recent studies reveal a general increase in the use of cannabis during pregnancy, representing the most commonly used illicit drug during the perinatal period. The endocannabinoid system appears to be involved in the regulation of human fertility and pregnancy. Although still conflicting, there is data demonstrating that cannabis use during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth, preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, smaller head circumferences and increased admission to neonatal intensive care units. The use of cannabis during pregnancy is frequently a way to improve symptoms of anxiety disorders. All patients should be screened to substance use comorbid to other frequent psychiatric disorders during pregnancy, such as anxiety disorders, in order to improve the health and well-being not only of the mother, but also of the developing baby, as a dual disorder has a negative effect in both individuals.