Relevant bibliographies by topics / Labor use

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Labor use'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Labor use"

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Choudhary, Anjali, and Meenakshi Tanwar. "Partogram and its relevance in modern obstetrics." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 4 (2019): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191207.

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Background: Normal labor and childbirth is fraught with complexities. In the modern times the child birth has proven to be more challenging than ever. Partogram has proven to be a simple and useful tool in monitoring normal labor. The objective of this endeavor was to site our experiences in using partogram for ‘plotting’ labors, to assess its utility, limitations and cite controversies.Methods: Authors analyzed progress of labor plotted on partograms in parturient women to see whether their labor patterns conform to the standard partogram, and can logical conclusions be drawn from their use to decide partogram’s utility and applicability.Results: The use of partogram was not universal and its charting inadequate due to lack of motivation on part of labor room residents, busy labor rooms. When plotted meticulously they showed a wide variation, and many women did not conform to the rates of dilatation of the graph. The use of partogram did not alter the rate of cesarean section for non-progressive labors with use and non-use of partogram.Conclusions: Philpott’s partogram is a very visual and useful tool to monitor labours and detect labour abnormalities timely. Although it has served as a labour management tool across the labour rooms its use is not universal. There is a plethora of conflicting opinions regarding its utility in modern obstetrics today, ranging from a complete faith in the tool to finding it obsolete and in need of a revision to calling it a medicalization of a natural process.
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Drummond, Susan. "Oxytocin Use in Labor." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 32, no. 1 (2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000300.

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Yulistriani, Yulistriani, and Mahdi Mahdi. "PROFIL, ALOKASI DAN PENDAPATAN TENAGA KERJA PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN." Jurnal AGRISEP 16, no. 1 (2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.16.1.25-32.

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Labor is one of the main inputs in the production activities, including in agriculture. The quality and quantity of labor would have an impact on quality of products. Solok Selatan district is a new district in West Sumatera that has priority program for development of palm oil smallholders. The quality of labor will also determine the sustainability and success of the operational of palm oil smallholders.Field surveys and in-depth interviews had been carried out to find the profile, allocation and labor income of palm oil smallholders in Solok Selatan district. Respondents for this research were selected purposively with the criteria of land ownership is ? 2 hectares. This is because the farmers who have land area ? 2 Ha tend to use labor from outside the family and otherwise. The research finds that labors of palm oil smallholder in the research site were dominated by workers with primary education level (75%). Moreover, the average of work time allocation by respondents is was 84.5 HOK/ha/year. Meanwhile, the average income per month of the labors were Rp. 1,393,916.67 (flat land) and Rp. 1,786,083.33 - 1,837,333,33 (steep land) with assumption that each type of work available at any time and labors actively work for 8 hours per day in oil palm smallholder.Keywords: Profil, Allocation, Income, labour, palm oil
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Popov, S. P., V. S. Gorin, and E. V. Khristenko. "Use of gel with prostaglandin e2 in the context of programmed labors in primiparas." Kazan medical journal 78, no. 5 (1997): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj83629.

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The labor characteristics and contractile activity of the uterus resulting from programmed labors after the intracervical application of gel with prostaglandin E2 are studied. The gel with prostaglandin E2 was not used in the matched control group of patients with programmed labors. After introduction of the gel the modified Bishop scores significantly improved, the labor began in one of the patients. During introduction of the gel the hypertonus of the uterus or the pathology of the fetus heart rate is not observed. The length of the active phase and the second period of the labor is significantly shorter than in the control group. The contractile activity of the uterus is similar in both groups. The primary cervical effect of the gel is supposed.
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Azimova, Maxfuza Rashidovna. "FORMATION OF THE LABOR POTENTIAL OF RURAL TERRITORIES AND WAYS OF ITS EFFECTIVE USE." Journal of Universal Science Research "O'zbekistonda barqaror rivojlanish maqsadlariga erishish va yashil iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirishning istiqbolli yo'nalishlari" mavzusida Xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy konferensiya 3, no. 4 (2025): 159–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15336519.

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In this article, the study of labor potential reveals its content and essence in a resource style, both qualitative and quantitative. The formation of the labor potential of the village as a socio-economic category, its research and study have gone through several stages. As a result of the development of socio-economic relations, the meaning and content of such economic concepts and categories as "labor force", "labor resources", "labor potential" also changes somewhat. These concepts have become widely used not only in the scientific and economic literature, but also in our daily practice. In the economic literature, there are still different views on the concept of the labor potential of society, and these concepts remain the subject of controversy due to the need to differentiate from it the concepts of "labor resources" and "labor force" related to this concept.
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Rizzuto, Greg T., Rammohan R. Yallapragada, C. William Roe, and Joel P. Authement. "Contract Labor Use in Healthcare." Hospital Topics 77, no. 4 (1999): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00185869909596533.

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Park, Cheol-Soo. "Labor and Use-Value: Reply." Science & Society 70, no. 3 (2006): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/siso.70.3.379.

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Driver, Robin Lynn. "Use of Oxytocin in Labor." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 45, no. 3 (2016): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2016.03.117.

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Ross, Michael G., and Kevin E. Amaya. "Maternal oxygen use during labor." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 212, no. 3 (2015): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.11.004.

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Prasad, M. R., and E. Funai. "Oxytocin Use During Active Labor." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 33, no. 4 (2013): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000436318.91111.aa.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labor use"

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Goujard, Antoine. "Essays on labor economics and public finance." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/459/.

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Public policies are an important determinant of the welfare of individuals and the society at large. Careful evaluation of the impact of public policies on welfare is therefore imperative for our understanding of the positive and normative implications for these institutions. The three chapters of this thesis examine the welfare consequences of specific economic and political institutions. Chapters 1 and 2 study two distinct channels through which social housing, a common feature of developed countries, may impact the neighborhoods in which they are built and the labor market outcomes of their low income tenants. Chapter 1 is concerned with the effect of the provision of social housing on neighboring private ats. It assesses the spillovers of low-income tenants and the change in the composition of the housing stock that are to be expected from the provision of new social housing units. In particular, it uses the direct conversion of private rental flats into social units without any accompanying rehabilitation to identify the impact of the inflow into the neighborhood of low income tenants, separately from the effects of social housing on the quality of the existing housing stock. Chapter 2 shows that social housing influences the location of low income tenants, and that the neighborhood of social housing units may improve the labor market outcomes of the poorest tenants. I observe the relocation of welfare recipients through the selection process of social housing applicants in the city of Paris from 2001 to 2007. The institutional process acts as a conditional randomization device across residential areas in Paris. The empirical estimates outline that neighborhoods have weak short- and medium-run effects on the economic self-sufficiency of poor households. Chapter 3, by contrast, focuses on how regional migrations of unemployed workers may affect their job search prospect in Europe. Using a longitudinal sample of French unemployment spells, the empirical estimates outline positive migration effects on transitions from unemployment to employment that depends on the previous duration of the unemployment spells.
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Graetz, Georg. "Essays in labor economics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/948/.

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This thesis titled “Essays in Labour Economics” is comprised of three essays investigating various determinants of earnings inequality. Chapter 1 provides a novel explanation for labor market polarization—the rise in employment shares of high and low skill jobs at the expense of middle skill jobs, and the fall in middle-skill wages. We argue that recent and historical episodes of polarization resulted from increased automation. In our theoretical model, firms deciding whether to employ machines or workers in a given task weigh the cost of using machines, which is increasing in the complexity (in an engineering sense) of the task, against the cost of employing workers, which is increasing in training time required by the task. Some tasks do not require training regardless of complexity, while in other tasks training is required and increases in complexity. In equilibrium, firms are more likely to automate a task that requires training, holding complexity constant. We assume that more-skilled workers learn faster, and thus it is middle skill workers who have a comparative advantage in tasks that are most likely to be automated when machine design costs fall. In addition to explaining job polarization, our model makes sense of observed patterns of automation and accounts for a set of novel stylized facts about occupational training requirements. Chapter 2 establishes a novel source of wage differences among observationally similar high skill workers. We show that degree class — a coarse measure of performance in university degrees — causally affects graduates’ earnings. We employ a regression discontinuity design comparing graduates who differ only by a few marks in an individual exam, and whose degree class is thus assigned randomly. A First Class is worth roughly three percent in starting wages which translates into £1,000 per annum. An Upper Second is worth more on the margin—seven percent in starting wages (£2,040). In addition to identifying a novel source of luck in the determination of earnings, our findings also show the importance of simple heuristics for hiring decisions. Chapter 3 asks whether public policy affects the degree of intergenerational transmission of education. The chapter investigates this question in the context of secondary school transitions in Germany. During the last three decades, several German states changed the rules for admission to secondary school tracks. Combining a new data set on transition rules with micro data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP), I find that allowing free track choice raises the probability of attending the most advanced track by five percentage points. However, the effect is twice as large for children of less educated parents. The results suggest that the correlation between parents’ and children’s educational attainment may be reduced by more than one third when no formal restrictions to choosing a secondary school track exist.
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Lariau, Bolentini Ana Isabel. "Essays in Macro-Labor:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107374.

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Thesis advisor: Sanjay K. Chugh<br>Thesis advisor: Fabio Schiantarelli<br>My doctoral research focuses on the role of labor market frictions in shaping macroeconomic outcomes. I am currently pursuing three main lines of research that constitute the three chapters of this dissertation. The first chapter focuses on involuntary part-time employment as an additional margin used by firms to adjust to business cycle fluctuations. The chapter documents empirical regularities of involuntary part-time employment in the U.S. and furnishes a tractable analytical framework for studying this phenomenon that has gained so much attention in the years that followed the Great Recession. In the second chapter, which is joint work with Sanjay Chugh, Ryan Chahrour and Alan Finkelstein-Shapiro, we study the labor market wedge in the context of a search and matching model to understand how static and dynamic inefficiencies change over the business cycle. Measuring the labor market wedge and understanding its sources of movement is of great importance from a macroeconomic point of view, as existing research shows it holds a prominent place in explaining fluctuations in aggregate output. Finally, in the third chapter I study empirically the determinants of the job finding probability, a key object in the context of frictional labor markets. More specifically, I analyze how decisions on time allocation by the unemployed affect their chances of finding a job, and identify the activities that make more likely for an unemployed individual to receive and accept a job offer. Chapter 1. In recent years researchers and policymakers have shown renewed interest in involuntary part-time employment as a crucial indicator of labor market health. The fact that individuals have part-time jobs even though they would be willing to work more hours is evidence that resources in the economy are not employed at full capacity. This group represents almost 40 percent of total underemployment. Despite its large size and importance to policy-makers, surprisingly little literature addresses the empirical regularities or economic role this margin plays in determining labor market outcomes. In "Underemployment and the Business Cycle" I address several questions regarding involuntary part-time employment. First, how does involuntary part-time employment differ from the standard extensive and intensive margins? Second, what factors influence the choice of firms to use involuntary part-time workers? Third, how might economic policy contribute to the existence of involuntary part-time employment in the economy? And, fourth, have there been any changes over time in the response of involuntary part-time employment to changes in aggregate economic conditions and, if so, what explains them? To describe the empirical regularities of involuntary part-time employment, I use detailed micro-level data from longitudinally-linked monthly files of the Current Population Survey. A novel finding that emerges from the analysis of this dataset is that wages of involuntary part-time workers display higher volatility and lower persistence than those of their full-time counterparts, thus indicating a higher degree of flexibility. In addition, I find that changes in involuntary part-time employment are mostly explained by reallocation of workers from full-time to part-time positions within the firm, which involves more than just a mere reduction in hours worked. I then aggregate the data and compute business cycle statistics. Surprisingly, I find that the behavior of involuntary part-time employment resembles the behavior of unemployment more than the one of full-time employment. In fact, the results indicate that involuntary part-time employment is very volatile and strongly countercyclical. To understand the evidence I find at the micro and macro levels, I build an augmented search and matching model of the labor market featuring full-time and part-time employment, and a production function that combines both types of workers. The decision of whether a worker is full-time or part-time is made entirely by the firm, depending on the realizations of both aggregate and idiosyncratic productivity processes. The model is able to deliver the countercyclicality of involuntary part-time employment found in the data. The key mechanism to obtain this result is the relatively higher flexibility of part-time contracts that makes it more profitable for the firm to reallocate workers from full-time to part-time arrangements during recessions. Based on the model that captures key empirical facts, I conduct policy analysis to evaluate the effect of an increase in the cost of health insurance on involuntary part-time employment. The policy experiment predicts that an increase in the cost of health insurance provided by the firm to its full-time workers, such that their share in average full-time wages goes up by 1 percentage point, leads to an increase of steady state involuntary part-time employment by 10 percent, which nowadays would be equivalent to half a million additional involuntary part-time workers. I find evidence that involuntary part-time employment has become more volatile and persistent in the last 25 years. I study the impact that innovation in workforce management practices, a process that started in the 1990s and that has increased the degree of substitutability between full-time and part-time workers, may have had in changing the response over time of involuntary part-time employment to business cycle fluctuations. Impulse response analysis from the model indicates that an increase in the degree of substitutability makes involuntary part-time employment more sensitive to aggregate productivity shocks. Chapter 2. In "The Labor Wedge: A Search and Matching Perspective" we define and quantify static and dynamic labor market wedges in a search and matching model with endogenous labor force participation. Existing literature has generally centered on Walrasian labor markets in characterizing the inefficiencies, or ``gaps'', between labor demand and labor supply. However, given the conventional view in the profession that the matching process plays an important role in the labor market, the neoclassically-measured labor wedge suffers from a misspecification problem as it ignores the role of long-lasting relationships in explaining the cyclical pattern of the labor wedge. To construct the wedge we use a rigorously defined transformation function of the economy, which contains both the matching technology and the neoclassical production technology. Both technologies are primitives of the economy in the sense that a Social Planner must respect both processes. Given the model-appropriate transformation frontier and the household's static and dynamic marginal rates of substitution, we use data on the labor force participation rate, the employment rate, the vacancy rate, real consumption, real government spending, and real GDP to construct static and dynamic labor wedges. We find that, in a version of the model where all employment relationships turn over every period, the static labor wedge is countercyclical, a result that is consistent with existing literature. Once we consider long-lasting employment relationships, we can measure both static and dynamic wedges separately. We then find that, while the static wedge continues to be countercyclical, the dynamic (or intertemporal) wedge is procyclical. Since the latter is associated with the vacancy-posting decision of the firm, this result suggests that understanding the behavior of labor demand may be crucial to explaining the dynamic wedge. Our focus so far has been on obtaining a quantitative measure of both the static and dynamic wedges, and on analyzing their business cycle properties. Now we are working on extending this framework to provide a micro-founded explanation of the forces that could be driving the cyclical movements of the wedges. Chapter 3. Recent research has found that individuals who become unemployed allocate most of their forgone working hours into leisure rather than increasing the time devoted to job search activities. What is the rationale behind this decision? There are many factors that may affect the job search behavior of the unemployed. However, in this study I focus on a particular channel: the decision on how unemployed individuals allocate their time could be biased towards activities that increase their probability of finding a job. They might find more valuable to increase their social activities rather than looking formally for a job because this enhances their network, which could increase their chances of finding a job, even with less search effort. In "The Time Use Decisions of the Unemployed: A Survival Analysis", I conduct a duration analysis to estimate the effect of different time use allocations on the unemployment hazard rate using time use data from the Survey of Unemployed Workers in New Jersey. Defining "finding a job" as a failure, I estimate a single-spell, discrete-time duration model of unemployment with time-varying covariates using semi-parametric techniques. Given that I work with interval-censored data, I conduct the analysis using discrete time survival analysis techniques. The results indicate that education/training activities have a significant and positive impact on the hazard rate, i.e. they increase the probability that an unemployed worker finds a job, while leisure has the opposite effect. Furthermore, neither job-search nor networking have a significant effect on the hazard rate in the baseline specification. However, this result changes when incorporating into the regression interaction terms of these variables with a dummy that takes the value one if the individual is a long-term unemployed and zero otherwise. In this case, the coefficient associated with networking becomes positive and significant, while the coefficient of the interaction term is negative. This implies that networking has a positive effect on the hazard rate for short unemployment spells, but this effect weakens if the individual has been unemployed for a longer period. On the other hand, even after incorporating the interaction term, job search remains insignificant. These findings shed light on why individuals may not want to devote additional time to formal job search: it does not pay off with a higher likelihood of receiving a job offer, regardless of the length of the unemployment spell. On the other hand, other activities, such as investing in education or networking, are positively related to the probability of finding a job -- at least for short unemployment spells -- and thus it makes more sense for these individuals to devote more time to them
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Masters, John K. (John Kendall). "Predicting the Use of External Labor Arrangements: A Transaction Costs Perspective." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277753/.

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Firms' use of external labor arrangements (ELAs), such as temporary, contract and seasonal workers, has become increasingly prevalent over the last two decades. Despite the increasing importance of this phenomenon, little is known about firms' reasons for using ELAs. Most research to date has been exploratory, using qualitative methods or archival data not well suited to the constructs. The result of this research has been a long and often contradictory list of proposed antecedents of ELA use. In this study, I tested the ability of the transaction costs theory to predict when firms will fill a given job using an ELA rather that a permanent employment relationship. According to this theory, three characteristics of the job will determine whether the job will be filled using an ELA: transaction-specific investment, likelihood of repetition, and uncertainty of performance. Firms will be less likely to staff a given job using an ELA when the job requires investment in idiosyncratic skills, when the firm is likely to require a person with that set of skills regularly, and when performance in that job is difficult to measure.
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Silbaugh, Matthew Larson. "Evaluating the effects of wilderness on population and employment growth in the eleven western states." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08282007-102554/.

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Barua, Shubhasish. "Essays on trade, multi-product plants, manufacturing performance and labor market." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80029/.

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The evolution and impact of North-North and North-South trade have been among the main areas of research in the literature of international trade. But how trade shocks emanating from a low-wage southern country affect the manufacturing sector of other low-wage countries has been little researched. In particular, there is a lack of evidence on firm-level adjustment to low-wage trade shock in a low-wage developing country context. The main objective of the thesis is to fill this gap in the literature by empirically examining the impact of import competition shock from China on the evolution of manufacturing sector in India. This thesis combines plant level data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) 1998-2009 with the product level trade data from UN Comtrade database. The thesis contains two main chapters –chapter 2, which explores the impact of a sharp rise in Chinese import exposure on overall plant performance and product reallocation dynamics within-plant, and chapter 3. The latter dwells on wage inequality and employment within-plant. Chapter 2 finds that increased import competition from China following its WTO accession leads to improvements in revenue productivity and a reduction of product scope at the plant-level. A 10 percentage point increase in Chinese import exposure leads to a 3.7 percent increase in large plants’ total-factor productivity. The same amount of increase in exposure to Chinese imports leads to a one percent decrease in the number of products produced by the plant. Plant product-level analysis suggests that the impact on selection of products is not symmetric. Plants drop the product in which Chinese import exposure is higher; however, the closer the product is to the core competence of the plant, the less likely it is to be dropped. Although import competition from high-wage countries has no statistically significant impact on plant performance or product scope, plant product-level adjustment shows that import competition shocks from both high-wage countries and China have a similar impact on the selection of products within a plant. Chapter 3 finds that the rise in import competition from China leads to a general increase in within-plant wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers in large plants. But the overall pattern is driven by much greater adjustment in flexible labor markets or states that have employer friendly industrial relation regulation, while no significant adjustment is evident in the inflexible market. I find that a 10 percentage point increase in Chinese import exposure leads to a 1.35 percent increase in skill premium in the sample of large plants, whereas the same change leads to a 2.65 percent increase in skill premium in the flexible market. It is also observed that increase in import competition from China causes a downsizing of low-productivity plants through employment destruction, and an expansion of high-productivity plants via employment creation. Again, the reallocation of employment is only evident in the flexible labor market.
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Mullings, Robert. "Labour market adjustment in Jamaica." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13484/.

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The central purpose of this thesis is to explore the dimensions of labour market adjustment in Jamaica. The paper adopts a microeconometric approach, relying on new and more detailed Jamaica Labour Force Survey data for the period 1983-2006. Over this period, Jamaica has experienced significant expansion in its external trade which has been characterized by a severe import bias. Also, during this time, Jamaica's agricultural and manufacturing sectors experienced declines in their respective employment shares of 44% and 36% while service sectors expanded. One chapter of the thesis explores the empirical link between expanding trade flows and manufacturing labour market adjustment. The thesis also explores whether and to what extent sectoral labour market adjustment in Jamaica has been accommodated by an accompanying occupational transformation. Central to analyzing the issue of occupational adjustment however, is the careful definition of what constitutes a skill in order to elucidate the role of skill specificity in labour market adjustment. The thesis then investigates the incidence of unemployment in Jamaica in an attempt to identify key factors leading to escape from unemployment within a low skilled, high-unemployment, developing country context. The study finds an important role for worker characteristics, trade and industry information in affecting labour market adjustment in Jamaica. Using occupational skill definitions due to Dolton and Kidd (1998), the study also finds that most of the occupational and sectoral mobility in Jamaica, over the review period, took place among unskilled manual workers. As such, the Jamaican employed labour force experienced very little skill upgrading over the 24 year period covered. The very limited up-skilling observed over the review period was due to the emergence of relatively more highly skilled, sales and distribution related occupations. As far as adjustment costs are concerned, across all mobility types, simple sectoral moves were- in general, relatively less costly; with occupational transformation playing an accommodative role to the sectoral adjustment. Industry information, educational qualifications, geographic location, gender and the degree of skill specificity and were all critical determinants of the type of adjustment observed in the Jamaican labour market. Finally, the thesis underlines the very high incidence of long-term unemployment among uneducated, unskilled, young males in Jamaica. The study reveals negative duration dependence in the Jamaican labour market and suggests a critical role to be played by worker training in affecting unemployment escape probabilities.
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Fu, Jingcheng. "Essays on labour market search." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49081/.

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This thesis contains three studies on the topic of labour market search. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the studies. Chapter 2 reports an experimental study which examines how social comparisons affect behavior in a sequential search task. In a control treatment subjects search in isolation, while in two other treatments subjects get feedback on the search decisions and outcomes of a partner subject. The average level and rate of decline of reservation wages are similar across treatments. Nevertheless, subjects who are able to make social comparisons search differently from those who search in isolation. Within a search task we observe a reference wage effect: when a partner exits, the subject chooses a new reservation wage which is increasing in partner income. We also observe a social learning effect: between search tasks, subjects who have been paired with a more patient and successful partner increase their reservation wages in the next task. Chapter 3 reports a study in which we provide the first microeconometric estimates of the hazards to matching on both sides of a labour market, decomposed into two constituent parts. Namely, (i) the rate at which job-seekers and vacancies contact each other (i.e. having interviews), and (ii) the probability that a contact results in a match. To do this, we use unique data which contains information on job-seekers, vacancies, interviews and interview outcomes. We use a specification which addresses the problems of the temporal aggregation bias and spatial spillovers highlighted by the two-sided estimates. Our estimates suggest that market tightness affects the matching rates mainly through affecting the meeting rates. In both the raw data and the estimates, we find the decline in the matching hazard is driven by the decline in the contact hazard, and not by a fall in the matching probability. And we also report the effects of various characteristics on matching decomposed into the effects on meeting and matching probability. Using the same data as Chapter 3, Chapter 4 provides further evidence on the mechanism by which job-seekers and vacancies decide whom to contact during their search. Since the data features an environment where both sides of the market have access to a database (or marketplace) of potential partners, a natural model of search is one of stock-flow matching, and we show that the predictions of this model outperform those of a simple random matching model. Our descriptive and econometric evidence shows that it is the inflow rate of new agents, rather than the total stock of agents, which determines the contact rates of existing agents, consistent with the predictions of the stock-flow model. Chapter 5 summarizes the findings of this dissertation and concludes.
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Tailby, Stephanie. "Labour utilization and labour management in the British coalmining industry, 1900-1940." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35675/.

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This thesis examines the utilization and management of labour in the British coalmining industry in the period between 1900 and 1940. The period was one in which the British coal industry experienced a dramatic reversal of fortunes. Over the nineteenth century and up until the First World War, output and employment increased rapidly. Expansion had been assisted by the opening-up of large export markets in Europe and by 1913, the British coal industry shipped abroad a third of its output of 287 million tons.
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Fatima, Ambreen. "Economics of child labour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12967/.

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The dissertation aims to explore the supply and demand side determinant of child labour at macro, meso and micro level. At macro level it explores the effect of globalization (defined as openness to trade and inflow of foreign direct investment) and credit market imperfections on child labour. At meso level it explores the effect of labour market conditions on child labour. As the above two levels of analysis are mainly concerned with the demand for child labour, the micro level analysis explores the supply side determinant of child labour. At micro level this dissertation explores the effect of intrahousehold distribution of power on child related outcome. Specifically it explores the effect of mother’s decision making power on her child’s labour and schooling. The macro level analysis is based on cross country regression framework while meso and micro level analysis is based on the data from Pakistan. At macro level, this dissertation points out that trade openness and FDI inflow raise the standard of living in an economy thereby reducing child labour incidence. As the channel through which trade could affect child labour is by increasing income of the poor, credit market imperfection shows insignificant effect. At meso level, this dissertation points out that high adult wages in an area increase demand for child labour while presence of adult unemployed proportion in an area reduces demand for child labour. However, presence of unemployed adult in a house increases supply of child labour. Exports, on one hand, reduce supply of child labour by affecting the income of poor at macro level while on the other hand at meso level, subcontracting of production process to small informal sector increases demand for child labour. The informal sector being unprotected by law employs a high proportion of child labour. At micro level mother’s decision making power significantly decreases child labour supply and increases child schooling. The effect is significant in case of girls but not in case of boys. This study also shows that whether children work for generating income or as family helpers, mothers are equally concerned for their welfare. Their decision making power significantly reduces labour among children.
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Books on the topic "Labor use"

1

Carroll, Robert. Income taxes and entrepreneurs' use of labor. Princeton University, Department ofEconomics, Industrial Relations Section, 1995.

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Seavert, Clark F. How to use "Agricultural labor information" publications. Extension Service, Oregon State University, 1990.

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Frayssé, Olivier. Lincoln, land, and labor, 1809-60. University of Illinois Press, 1994.

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California. Labor Market Information Division., ed. Guide to the use of labor market information publications. Printed by the California Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, 1993.

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California. Employment Development Dept. and California. Employment Data and Research Division., eds. Guide to the use of labor market information publications. Printed by the California Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, 1989.

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Jia, Lili. Land fragmentation and off-farm labor supply in China. IAMO, 2012.

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Wood, Douglas. Employers' labour use strategies: First report on the 1987 survey. [Department of Employment], 1988.

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Chatterji, Pinka. High school alcohol use and young adult labor market outcomes. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Chatterji, Pinka. High school alcohol use and young adult labor market outcomes. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Mayer, Andreas. Mikroskopie der Psyche: Die Anfänge der Psychoanalyse im Hypnose-Labor. Wallstein Verlag, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Labor use"

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Giménez-Nadal, José Ignacio, and José Alberto Molina. "Time Use Surveys." In Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_270-1.

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Kaleab Atsbaha, Tsegay. "Labor Use Efficiency of Ethiopian Airports." In Frontiers in African Business Research. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3432-2_4.

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Du, Fenglian, Wenbin Wang, and Xiaoyuan Dong. "Gender Differences in Unpaid Labor." In Chinese People’s Time Use and Their Quality of Life. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5526-8_4.

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Pabilonia, Sabrina Wulff, and Victoria Vernon. "Telework and Time Use." In Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_274-1.

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Pabilonia, Sabrina Wulff, and Victoria Vernon. "Telework and Time Use." In Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_274-2.

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Di Mascio, Daniele, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, and Vincenzo Berghella. "Use of Cervical Length in Labor and Delivery." In Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57595-3_19.

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Barber, Miguel Angel, Francisca S. Molina, Margarita Medina, Azahar Romero, and Jose A. Garcia-Hernandez. "General Intrapartum Sonography Setup and Use in Labor." In Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57595-3_7.

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Potti, Sushma, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, and Vincenzo Berghella. "Use of Cervical Length in Labor and Delivery." In Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29939-1_10.

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Barber, Miguel Angel, Francisca S. Molina, Margarita Medina, Azahar Romero, and Jose A. Garcia-Hernandez. "General Intrapartum Sonography Setup and Use in Labor." In Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29939-1_2.

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Shivji, Azra, Jose C. A. Carvalho, Cynthia Maxwell, and Dan Farine. "The Use of Ultrasound for Labor Management of Patients with Obesity." In Intrapartum Ultrasonography for Labor Management. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57595-3_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Labor use"

1

Rudman, Barry L., and Pavao Piacun. "Field Results: Use of Volatile Corrosion Inhibiting Packaging Materials for the Protection and Preservation of Weaponry." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98602.

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Abstract The protection and preservation of weaponry is a problem that every army must deal with. This paper presents the results of actual field usage of Volatile Corrosion Inhibiting (VCI) film as used by the Croatian Army. Several types of preservation methods were utilized by the Croatian Army. A comparison of VCI film and conventional preservation methods is made. The factors studied for comparison include effectiveness of the protection, the length of protection offered, labor requirements for protection, labor requirements of reactivation and the effect of temperature on the time required for reactivation. The results show that VCI films are well suited for weaponry preservation and offer many advantages over conventional preservation methods. The results show that for protection terms of up to two years VCI films alone are the best choice. For preservation periods of two to five years the combination of a VCI film and VCI oil proved to be the best. Finally, for long term protection of five to fifteen years a combination of VCI film and a VCI/barrier oil proved to be the best.
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Sugimoto, Yuma, and Yuna Kon. "Novel Connection Technique for Temporary Structures: Labor-Saving and Reuse of Existing Members." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0196.

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&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, reducing on-site construction time is a major issue in Japan. Since joining of structural members is always conducted on-site, reducing joint parts contributes to a reduction of on-site construction time. This study experimentally investigated the strength and stiffness of a new joint structure that utilizes cast iron components to reduce the number of bolts while maintaining the use of conventional components. Additionally, FEM analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of initial imperfections on the strength and stiffness of new joint. The experimental results demonstrated that the joint incorporating cast iron components possesses sufficient strength and stiffness. Furthermore, it was revealed that initial imperfections in the cast iron components could potentially enhance the performance of the joint.&lt;/p&gt;
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Eden, D. A., and S. Srinivasan. "Real-Time, On-Line and On-Board: the Use of Computers, Enabling Corrosion Monitoring to Optimize Process Control." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04059.

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Abstract The evolution of computer technology has enabled substantial improvement in both accuracy and cost-efficiency of corrosion measurement. From the early days of strip chart recorders, through stand-alone computer-controlled systems to state-of-the-art control system interfacing, in-plant electrochemical corrosion measurement is seeing 'promotion' to the status of process variable. As operators strive for improvement in production performance, so engineers may suffer due to use of corrosion measurement technology that either does not provide the level of information needed or requires labor-intensive data appraisal. New technologies and system packaging are available that provide a 'real-time' indication of both corrosion rates and severity of attack - 'on-line' direct to the control system and into the hands of the plant operator. Expert data interpretation is not required as simple corrosion-related variables are presented automatically. Data handling is reduced significantly by the use of 'on-board' firmware, relieving both user intervention and system implementation costs. The technology, its implementation and example data handling are reviewed with reference to real in-plant applications.
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Loretitsch, G. A., P. R. Puckorius, and R. S. Maxwell. "Outsourcing Water Treatment Chemicals and Equipment - Guidelines for Success." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98536.

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Outsourcing of water treatment chemicals, services and related equipment is a technique and process available to end users. Outsourcing enables the use of capital for plant equipment expansion and/or modernization of salable products - not towards utilities. Outsourcing also enables reduced costs of water treatment chemicals and reduced plant labor for applying, controlling and evaluating these chemicals.
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Dmitrieva, E. V., and M. A. Fesenko. "ON THE USE OF WOMEN'S LABOR IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-177-180.

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Abstract: The article discusses the issue of women's labor in the position of an assistant driver, analyzes the main harmful factors that women may encounter in the process of work. The labor intensity, in particular psycho-emotional stress and shift work, affects health, including reproductive health. The issue of conducting research within the framework of this issue is being discussed. Conclusions: The combination of unfavorable factors of the production environment and the labor process can have a harmful effect on the health (including reproductive health) of female machinists and assistant machinists. Under these conditions, the peculiarities of the functioning of the female body – increased sensitivity to the effects of harmful production factors during certain periods of the menstrual cycle require additional full-scale physiological and hygienic studies.
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Mihailov, Tatiana. "HOW TO USE THE ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE WHEN COMPLETING WORK DOCUMENTS." In International Scientific Conference ‘Digitalization of legal deeds in the context of the modernization of public services’. Moldova State University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/daj2022.04.

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The current labor legislation gives a decisive role to the age criterion and conditions the appearance or termination of an employment relationship based on it. And if, in this particular case, the legality of establishing a minimum age for obtaining labour capacity is not in doubt, then establishing at the legislative level an age limit which, once reached, entails to the termination of contractual employment relationship, is to be analyzed in terms of legality and compliance with the non-discrimination principle within the employment relationships.
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Dadi, Gabriel B., Mahdi Safa, Paul M. Goodrum, Carl T. Haas, Carlos H. Caldas, and David MacNeel. "Improving Concrete Trade Labor Productivity through the Use of Innovations." In Construction Research Congress 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412329.249.

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Nababan, Tongam Sihol. "Efficiency and Elasticity of Labor Use on Economic Sectors in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Banking, Accounting, Management, and Economics (ICOBAME 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icobame-18.2019.3.

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Mikhaylova, Elena Vladimirovna. "ASSESSMENT OF THE UNIFORMITY OF THE USE OF LABOR RESOURCES IN CONSTRUCTION." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign international scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. February 2025. - Harbin (China). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37539/250227.2025.46.69.030.

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The article discusses methods for assessing the uniformity of the use of labor resources in construction. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index is proposed as an indicator for assessing the uniformity of the distribution of workers by time. Its use ensures a more reasonable allocation of labor resources, which will minimize downtime, avoid overloads and increase overall construction efficiency.
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"Analysis of the Impact of Internet Use on China's Labor Participation Behavior." In 2019 Scientific Conference on Management, Education and Psychology. The Academy of Engineering and Education (AEE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35532/jsss.v1.043.

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Reports on the topic "Labor use"

1

Carroll, Robert, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Mark Rider, and Harvey Rosen. Income Taxes and Entrepreneurs' Use of Labor. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6578.

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Chatterji, Pinka, and Jeffrey DeSimone. High School Alcohol Use and Young Adult Labor Market Outcomes. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12529.

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Ono, Hiroshi, and Marcus Rebick. Constraints on the Level and Efficient Use of Labor in Japan. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9484.

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Shiller, Robert, and Ryan Schneider. Labor Income Indices Designed for Use in Contracts Promoting Income Risk Management. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5254.

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Rogerson, Richard, and Johanna Wallenius. Household Time Use Among Older Couples: Evidence and Implications for Labor Supply Parameters. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24263.

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Kaestner, Robert. The Effect of Illicit Drug Use on the Labor Supply of Young Adults. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4187.

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Mazza, Jacqueline, Andrew Morrison, and Christian Daude. Core Labor Standards and Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Does Lax Enforcement of Labor Standards Attract Investors? Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008905.

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This paper estimates the impact of the enforcement of core labor standards on FDI in the region and contains the following: 1) Introduction; 2) Survey of the literature on the determinants of FDI: theoretical models, empirical estimation of the determinants of FDI, and the few studies that have examined specifically the links between core labor standards and FDI; 3) Description of data used in this study and explanation of the authors' decision to use sectorally-disaggregated bilateral flows of FDI from the U.S. and Japan as their dependent variable; 4) Details of the methodology used in estimations; 5) Results of the study; 6) Conclusions.
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Auciello-Estévez, Iván, Josep Pijoan-Mas, Pau Roldan-Blanco, and Federico Tagliati. Dual labor markets in Spain:a firm-side perspective. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29869.

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Using comprehensive balance-sheet data for Spain, we document the use of fixed-term and open-ended contracts by firms over the period 2004-2019. We show that the use of temporary contracts is very heterogeneous across firms, with the distribution of the temporary share being severely right-skewed: the median share of temporary employment is only 3%, while the average is 18%. Part of this variation is related to the sector and region where firms operate as well as to the macroeconomic cycle. However, around 80% of the variation reflects differences across firms operating in the same industry, in the same location and at the same point of the business cycle. At the individual level, even after controlling for sector and region, we observe that larger and younger firms make more extensive use of temporary contracts.
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Del Boca, Daniela. Child Care Arrangements and Labor Supply. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011675.

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This paper discusses several approaches to examining the relationship between child care and mothers' labor supply. The focus is on child care for children aged 0-3, because this is a critical period for working mothers and their children and because most European and American households with children aged 3-5 already use child care centers. The paper provides data concerning availability of, government spending on, and quantity and quality standards for child care in different countries, then compares different approaches to the determinants of child care demand and labor supply. The paper subsequently reviews and compares empirical results regarding the impact of child care costs, availability and quality. Finally, the paper discusses different impacts across different groups and provides concluding remarks.
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Arroyo, Juan. Time use in the city and labor productivity: Distribution patterns of work, transportation and leisure. CENTRUM Catolica Graduate Business School, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7835/ccwp-2015-07-0005.

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