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Blecha, Martin. "Laboratorní demonstrátor pro vibrační diagnostiku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400643.
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This thesis deals with a vibration diagnostics of objects, structures and machines. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters according to type of the measurement. The first part called Modal Analysis discusses the basis of vibration, methods of measurement, relevant technical equipment and principle of experimental modal analysis. The second and third chapters of the thesis are focused on the diagnosis of defects. Each chapter mentioned above describes diagnosed defects, used methods and procedure for the diagnosis. Another part of the thesis summarizes practical issues and results gained in the laboratory experiments. It begins with discovering parameters of the measured object using technical diagnostics – experimental modal analysis. In the next step the hardware concept design was created, including custom measuring application programmed in LabVIEW. One part of the design is the laboratory model which includes a structure for free mounting and a possibility of excitation by an electrodynamic exciter. The application is also modified to enable measurements with shaker excitation. Finally, applications cooperating with professional software ModalVIEW and BK Connect were developed in order to simplify the operation and increase the comfort.
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Murakami, Tiyo Okada [UNESP]. "Epidemiologia da brucelose bovina nos municípios de Altinópolis e Santo Antônio da Alegria, Estado de São Paulo: prevalência, fatores de risco e métodos de diagnóstico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103841.
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murakami_to_dr_jabo.pdf: 283308 bytes, checksum: 16722a01d68e7e065fd2b025df90dded (MD5)Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: estimar a prevalência da brucelose bovina nos municípios de Altinópolis e Santo Antonio da Alegria, SP; avaliar fatores de risco associados à taxa de prevalência; comparar as provas do antígeno acidificado tamponado (PAAT) e de soroaglutinação em placa (SAP) como testes de triagem no diagnóstico da brucelose bovina; e comparar as provas de fixação de complemento (FC) e 2-mercaptoetanol (ME) como testes confirmatórios. Foi obtida, aleatoriamente, uma amostra de 1.459 soros sangüíneos de bovinos de 132 rebanhos, que foram examinados pela PAAT e pela SAP. Os soros com reação nesses testes foram examinados também pelas provas de FC e ME. Foram também obtidas, por meio de um questionário, informações sobre características dos animais e dos rebanhos estudados. Constatou-se que 3,43% dos animais foram reagentes pela FC, e 16,67% dos rebanhos tinham pelo menos um animal reagente. Os fatores mais associados à prevalência foram sexo e idade dos animais e a introdução de animais no rebanho sem a exigência de exame de brucelose negativo. A PAAT apresentou melhor desempenho que a SAP como teste de triagem, e a FC apresentou melhor desempenho que a ME como teste confirmatório.
The purposes of this investigation were: to estimate de prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Altinópolis and Santo Antonio da Alegria, State of São Paulo, Brazil; to evaluate risk factors associated to the prevalence rate; to compare the rose Bengal and the plate agglutination serum tests for screening; and to compare the complement fixation and the mercaptoetanol as confirmatory tests. A sample of 1,459 sera from 132 herds were obtained at random and tested by the rose Bengal and the plate agglutination tests. Sera reacting at any of these tests were also tested by the complement fixation and by de mercaptoethanol test. Informations about the animais and the herds studied were also obtained. The results showed that 3.43% of the animals reacted to the complement fixation test, and 16.67% of the herds had at least one reacting animal. The factors more associated to the prevalence rate were sex and age of the animals and the introduction of animals in the herd without a negative test for brucellosis. The rose Bengal plate test peformed better than the plate agglutination test for screening, and the complement fixation test performed better than the mercaptoethanol test for the confirmatory diagnosis.
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Málek, Jaroslav. "Zatěžovací zkouška a statické posouzení stropní ŽB konstrukce 1.poloviny 20.století." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225646.
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This master thesis deals with static load test and static assessment of selected segments of reinforced concrete ceiling construction of the Hennebique system at the Faculty of Arts at Masaryk University in Brno. This thesis contains: the execution of the static load test, the data evaluation of the static load test and the data evaluation of the complementary laboratory testing, geometric orientation of bearing elements, the checking of the ceiling placement in the peripheral position, and the diagnosis of the reinforcing of the construction. This thesis also includes the static assessment according to various standard norm rules and the numerical analysis in ATENA software program.
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Ohlander, Anna. "Foil-based Lab-on-Chip technologies for advanced Point-of-Care molecular diagnostics." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik och nanobioteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205933.
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Infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global health. Molecular diagnostics provide solutions for effective control and prevention of infections, however suffers from expensive laboratory equipment, and infrastructure to be fully implemented at point of care (POC), especially at low-resource settings. Lab-on-a-chip that aims to integrate complex biochemical analyses into automated systems is promising for POC analysis. A major challenge is the integration of a complete molecular diagnostic assay, generally translating into complex microfluidics, with the requirement of low fabrication cost. This thesis explores the use of flexible electronics, plastic foils and roll-to-roll manufacturing to enable low-cost microfluidic systems, for molecular diagnostic assays especially targeted towards infectious diseases. Many biochemical assays rely on heat; hence a first aspect in this thesis is the integration of a microheater into microfluidics. In a first project a system for SNP-genotyping is presented using solid phase melting curve analysis to discriminate mutations at a single base resolution. Starting with a glass based concept (paper I) which is further developed to a foil based system (paper II), detection of the polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y associated with increased risk of type II diabetes is demonstrated as a proof of principle. Further development and optimization of the microheater concept has enabled roll-to-roll manufacturing compatibility and multiplexing of targets (paper III). A bacterial sub-typing and multiresistance detection in clinical Staphylococcus Aureus samples is demonstrated for applications in infectious diseases diagnostics. Finally, the microheater concept is further developed to enable μPCR (paper IV). Detection of genomic HIV-1 is demonstrated and a portable detection setup based on an LED light source and low cost CMOS camera for detection was developed. A second aspect of this thesis is integration of light sources and optical detection (paper V-VI). A multilayer system integrating an electroluminescent light source, reactive sensor dyes and organic semiconductor transistor for detection is demonstrated. The system could be used for amine detection in gases (paper V). System was made further roll-to-roll compatible. The system uses an external LED light source and a photodetector processed in only one screen printing- and one dispensing step (paper VI). As a proof of principle, absorbance based DNA hybridization was detected. Collectively, roll-to-roll manufacturing compatible “lab on foil” systems have the potential to improve our ability to diagnose at POC especially at resource-limited settings.QC 20170426
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Råsbäck, Therese. "Laboratory diagnostics of Brachyspira species /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200769.pdf.
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Mercader, i. Verdés Sara. "Measles diagnostics in the elimination setting / L’anàlisi diagnòstica del xarampió en el marc de l’eliminació del virus del xarampió endèmic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98251.
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In regions where endemic measles virus circulation has been interrupted, laboratory confirmation of measles is like puzzle solving. The complexity of these puzzles depends on the available pieces of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory information. The main goal of this dissertation is to evaluate diagnostic laboratory tools to aid in suspected case confirmation in these settings.
First, protocols to elute measles IgM and IgG antibodies from blood spots dried onto filter paper were compared to propose one that will permit the recovery of the maximum volume of eluted sample in the minimum time, effort and cost. An easy-to-implement protocol is proposed for the rapid extraction of serum for measles/rubella serology in outbreak situations for use in the World Health Organization Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. Second, due to inherent limitations of measles specific IgM enzyme immunoassays and molecular methods used for measles confirmation, not all suspected cases can be resolved. For example, IgM and RNA may not be detected in vaccinated cases with waning immunity (secondary vaccine failures) and presenting with modified measles. The observation is made that serological parameters of elevated titers of high avidity neutralizing antibodies correlate with measles secondary vaccines failures and may be useful biomarkers for confirming secondary vaccine failures that cannot be confirmed otherwise. Third, a highly accurate measles IgG avidity enzyme immunoassay for vaccine failure classification is described. Detection of low avidity antibodies using this highly sensitive and specific avidity assay can complement existing measles diagnostic tools in confirming suspected cases when routine IgM testing may be inconclusive. Therefore, these diagnostic approaches can provide additional laboratory information to resolve suspected cases irrespective of vaccination status. Together, data presented in this dissertation may assist in enhancing measles control and surveillance in elimination settings.En les regions on s'ha interromput la circulació del virus del xarampió endèmic, la confirmació del xarampió a nivell de laboratori és com resoldre trencaclosques. La complexitat d'aquests trencaclosques depèn de les peces disponibles d'informació clínica, epidemiològica i de laboratori. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi doctoral és avaluar eines de diagnòstic de laboratori per a ajudar en la confirmació de casos sospitosos en regions on el xarampió està eliminat. En primer lloc, es van comparar protocols per a eluir les IgM i IgG anti-xarampionoses de mostres de taques de sang seca sobre paper de filtre i proposar un protocol que permetés la recuperació del volum màxim de mostra eluïda en el mínim temps, esforç i cost. Es proposa un protocol de fàcil implementació dins de la xarxa de laboratoris de rubèola i xarampió de l'Organització Mundial de la Salut per a ser usat en situacions de brot. En segon lloc, les IgM anti-xarampionoses i l’ARN del virus del xarampió poden no ser detectats en casos vacunats amb disminució de la immunitat (fallada vacunal secundària) i amb simptomatologia de xarampió modificada. L'observació de que paràmetres serològics de títols elevats d'anticossos anti-xarampionosos neutralizants i d'alta avidesa correlacionen amb fallades vacunals secundàries permet proposar aquests paràmetres com a biomarcadors útils per a confirmar aquestes fallades vacunals quan d'altra manera no podrien confirmar-se. En tercer lloc, es descriu un assaig immumoenzimàtic per a determinar l'avidesa de les IgG contra el virus del xarampió per a la classificació de fallades vacunals. Aquest assaig és altament sensible, específic i precís. La detecció d'anticossos de baixa avidesa mitjançant aquest assaig pot a més complementar les eines actuals de diagnòstic de xarampió en la confirmació de casos sospitosos quan les proves rutinàries de IgM no són concloents. Per tant, aquestes estratègies diagnòstiques poden proporcionar informació de laboratori addicionals per a resoldre casos sospitosos de xarampió independentment del seu estat de vacunació. Les dades presentades en aquesta tesi doctoral poden ajudar a millorar el control del xarampió i vigilància epidemiològica allà on el xarampió ja està eliminat.
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Liaudanskaitė, Urtė. "Šunų I tipo padidinto jautrumo reakcijos klinikinė ir laboratorinė diagnostika." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_134309-83297.
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Šunų I tipo padidinto jautrumo reakcijos klinikinė ir laboratorinė diagnostika. Darbo apimtis 42 puslapiai, sudarytos 8 lentelės, 6 paveikslai, naudoti 62 literatūros šaltiniai. Darbo tikslas - klinikiniais ir laboratoriniais tyrimo metodais įvertinti I tipo alerginės reakcijos atvejus šunų tarpe, kurie pasitaiko nedidelės smulkių gyvūnų klinikos praktikoje. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas veterinarijos klinikoje „Pas pumą“ 2012 – 2013 m. Buvo užregistruoti 38 šunų susirgimai, susiję su I tipo padidinto jautrumo reakcijos klikiniais požymiais, iš savininkų surinkta išsami anamnezė ir atlikti hematologiniai (morfologija) tyrimai. Imunologiniam tyrimui surinkti 13 alergiškų ir 12 sveikų šunų kraujo serumo mėginiai. Imunologinis IFA (ELISA) tyrimas, nustatyti tiriamųjų šunų IgE koncentracijai kraujo serume, buvo atliktas Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto veterinarijos fakulteto anatomijos ir fiziologijos katedros imunologijos laboratorijoje.
Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad dažniausiai pasitaikanti I tipo padidinto jautrumo reakcijos forma šunų tarpe buvo atopinis dermatitas (63,2 proc.), kurios ryškiausias požymis buvo niežulys (57,9 proc.), daugiausiai apimantis ausis ir pilvo ventralinę sieną. Šunų lytis ir veislė neturėjo reikšmingos įtakos I tipo padidinto jautrumo reakcijos pasireiškimui, o amžiaus tendencija ryški – alergijos pirmieji požymiai pasireiškia 6 mėn. – 2 m. šunims (62,5 – 78,57 proc.), o šunims iki 6 metų amžiaus alergijos pasikartoja dažniau. Kraujo neutrofilų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Master thesis: Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of type I hypersensitivity reaction in dogs. Master thesis volume 41 pages, consisting of 8 tables, 6 pictures, 61 references used. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate type I hypersensitivity reaction cases in dogs in small animal veterinary practice using clinical and laboratory methods. The study was carried out in veterinary practise “Pas pumą” in 2012 – 2013. 38 cases of dogs associated with type I hypersensitivity reaction were registered and a detailed medical history was collected from these dogs owners. Haematological examination was performed. Blood samples were collected from 13 dogs with type I hypersensitivity and from 12 healthy dogs. Immunological test ELISA was done to evaluate canine serum IgE levels concentration. Testing was performed in Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Faculty of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Immunology laboratory. The analysis of clinical findings has shown the most common type I hypersensitivity clinical presentation among dogs is atopic dermatitis (63.2 percent). The most common clinical features were pruritus (57.9 percent) mainly of the ears and the ventral abdominal wall. Dog gender and breed had no significant effect on type I hypersensitivity reactions. The analysis showed that first signs of allergy for dogs commonly occur from 6 months until 2 years of age (62.5 – 78.57 percent of dogs). Allergies had a higher incidence of recurrence in dogs up... [to full text]
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Zambon, Elisa <1985>. "La diagnostica molecolare nel laboratorio di patologia clinica veterinaria." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7007/.
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La prima parte del nostro studio riguarda la tecnica LAMP (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification), una tecnica di amplificazione isotermica recentemente inventata (Notomi et al., 2000). Essa presenta notevoli vantaggi rispetto alle tradizionali PCR: non necessita di strumentazioni sofisticate come i termociclatori, può essere eseguita da personale non specializzato, è una tecnica altamente sensibile e specifica ed è molto tollerante agli inibitori.
Tutte queste caratteristiche fanno sì che essa possa essere utilizzata al di fuori dei laboratori diagnostici, come POCT (Point of care testing), con il vantaggio di non dover gestire la spedizione del campione e di avere in tempi molto brevi risultati paragonabili a quelli ottenuti con la tradizionale PCR.
Sono state prese in considerazione malattie infettive sostenute da batteri che richiedono tempi molto lunghi per la coltivazione o che non sono addirittura coltivabili. Sono stati disegnati dei saggi per la diagnosi di patologie virali che necessitano di diagnosi tempestiva. Altri test messi a punto riguardano malattie genetiche del cane e due batteri d’interesse agro-alimentare.
Tutte le prove sono state condotte con tecnica real-time per diminuire il rischio di cross-contaminazione pur riuscendo a comprendere in maniera approfondita l’andamento delle reazioni.
Infine è stato messo a punto un metodo di visualizzazione colorimetrico utilizzabile con tutti i saggi messi a punto, che svincola completamente la reazione LAMP dall’esecuzione in un laboratorio specializzato.
Il secondo capitolo riguarda lo studio dal punto di vista molecolare di un soggetto che presenza totale assenza di attività mieloperossidasica all’analisi di citochimica automatica (ADVIA® 2120 Hematology System).
Lo studio è stato condotto attraverso amplificazione e confronto dei prodotti di PCR ottenuti sul soggetto patologico e su due soggetti con fenotipo wild-type. Si è poi provveduto al sequenziamento dei prodotti di PCR su sequenziatore automatico al fine di ricercare la mutazione responsabile della carenza di MPO nel soggetto indicato.The first part of the present study concerns the LAMP technique (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification), an isothermal amplification technique recently developed (Notomi et al., 2000). LAMP has many advantages over traditional PCR: it doesn’t require sophisticated instruments like thermal cyclers, it can be performed by unskilled staff, it is a highly sensitive and specific technique and it is very tolerant to inhibitors. All these characteristics make it suitable to be used outside diagnostic laboratories, as POCT (Point-of-care testing), with the advantage of not having to send the sample and obtaining results as accurate as PCR tests and in very short times. We designed and optimized assays to detect bacteria that require a very long time for cultivation or that are not even cultivable. We drew assays for the diagnosis of viral diseases that require to be diagnosed as soon as possible. We developed a test to assess two genetic diseases of the dog and two food contaminating bacteria. All tests were carried out using real-time technique to decrease the risk of cross-contamination. Finally, we developed a colorimetric method for showing results which can be applied to all of the assays we optimized. The second section presents the molecular study of a subject who had myeloperoxidase deficiency at the automated cytochemistry analysis (ADVIA ® 2120 Hematology System). The study was conducted through amplification and comparison of the PCR products obtained from the pathological subject and on two subjects with wild-type phenotype. The products were sequenced using an automated sequencer in order to find the responsible mutation for the MPO deficiency in the indicated subject.
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McCann, S. M. "Spectroscopic diagnostics for high temperature astrophysical and laboratory plasmas." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335434.
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McGinley, Susan. "Preventing Agroterrosim: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Part of Statewide System." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622224.
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Keliuotienė, Rasma. "Klinikinės diagnostikos laboratorijos klaidos ir jų valdymas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100621_094531-29681.
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Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti klinikinės diagnostikos laboratorijos klaidas ir jų valdymo galimybes.
Tyrimo metodika. Atlikta X ligoninės klinikinės diagnostikos laboratorijos klaidų registro 2007 – 2009 metų duomenų analizė ir susisteminti duomenys. Jais remiantis, identifikuotos klaidos, jų priežastys ir pasiskirstymas. Atlikta ligoninės skyrių, tiesiogiai susijusių su laboratoriniais tyrimais, darbuotojų (gydytojų ir slaugytojų) anketinė apklausa. Išdalinta 260, grąžinta 241 anketų (atsakas 92,7 proc.). Požymių ryšio reikšmingumui skaičiuotas χ2 kriterijus, dviejų proporcijų lyginimui - z kriterijus.
Rezultatai. Iš visų klaidų (N=669) didžiausia dalis (80 proc.) identifikuota ikianaliziniame tarpsnyje. Dažniausios ikianalizinio tarpsnio klaidos - tyrimo užsakymo (22 proc.), ėminių ėmimo (23 proc.), užsakymo formos pildymo (21 proc.), įvykusios hemolizės (11 proc.). Kituose tarpsniuose klaidų pasiskirstymo dažnis ženkliai mažesnis: analiziniame. ir poanaliziniame po 10 proc. Analiziniame tarpsnyje didžiausią dalį užima klaidos, identifikuotos matavimo metu dėl ikianalizinių veiksnių poveikio (31 proc.), poanaliziniame - žmogiškojo faktoriaus ir elektroninių programų nesusidirbimo klaidos (41 proc.). Nustatyta, kad darbuotojų informuotumas apie laboratorijos klaidas ir jų valdymą yra nepakankamas. 55,9 proc. darbuotojų mano, kad apie galimas klaidas, lemiančias laboratorinių tyrimų patikimumą, bei jų išvengimo galimybes, žino tik iš dalies. Informacijos apie laboratorinio tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Aim of the study: Evaluate clinical diagnostics laboratory errors and their management possibilities. Study methodology: Laboratory X error registry study performed (2007 – 2009 year). Survey among hospital staff related to laboratory test ordering conducted. Total responses: 241 (92.7% from 260 invitations). Criterions calculated: indication relation significance - χ2, couple proportions comparison - z. Results: Error distribution (total 669) by phase: 80% pre-analytical, 10% analytical, 10% post-analytical. Top errors in pre-analytical phase: specimen collection (23%), test ordering (22%), order form input (21%), hemolyzed sample (11%). Analytical phase most errors are influenced by pre-analytical variables (31%). Post-analytical phase most errors are caused by human factor and software malfunction (41%). Found, that hospital staff awareness about laboratory errors and their handling is insufficient. 55.9% staff responded they have only partial knowledge about errors influencing testing reliability and how to avoid errors. 51.3% staff has knowledge about test process organization. 33.3% staff knows about error classification by phase. 71.4% doctors and 42.6% nurses consider such information important and would like to learn more. 52% doctors and 33.8% nurses familiar with full set of available tests. More knowledge about available laboratory tests have staff of age >54y (58.1%), also, having employment history >24y (48.6%). Most of staff (expectation of 81.9% respondents... [to full text]
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Hermes, Elizabeth Martins. "Desempenho e custo de conjuntos para diagnóstico de marcas diferentes, para dosagem de colesterol, presentes no mercado nacional." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79905.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T08:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 184905.pdf: 398387 bytes, checksum: fc49e34aa44f2d0e4e7423225636fa3e (MD5)
O objetivo da presente dissertação é avaliar o desempenho das dezessete marcas dos conjuntos para diagnóstico in vitro de Colesterol Total presentes no mercado brasileiro. Foram utilizados como amostra dois soros controles de valores diferentes Qualitrol®HS N 451 e HS P 452. Os resultados foram submetidos a uma ANOVA para verificar se havia diferenças significativas entre as marcas analisadas. O teste de Duncan foi utilizado para agrupá-las, conforme suas diferenças. Aos resultados dos dois soros controles, foram aplicadas as recomendações do Programa de Educação Nacional de Colesterol (National Cholesterol Education Program - NCEP), em relação às metas de desempenho. Os resultados obtidos pela ANOVA demonstraram existir diferenças significativas ao nível de 5%. As marcas de conjuntos para diagnóstico, analisadas com os dois Soros Controles, formaram agrupamentos que são significativamente diferentes entre si, ao nível de 5%. O comportamento das marcas difere conforme o valor de Colesterol analisado. Não foi observada relação positiva entre o custo e o desempenho das marcas de conjunto para diagnóstico in vitro. Foram observadas diferenças entre as marcas em relação às recomendações do NCEP
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Young, Nicholas Paul. "Remote diagnostics of laboratory and coronal plasmas with magnetohydrodynamic waves." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444839.
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Jennings, I. "An investigation of diagnostic errors in laboratory screening for thrombophilia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419385.
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McGinley, Susan. "Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory: Assisting Arizona Veterinarians and the Public." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622301.
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Sushkov, Vladimir [Verfasser]. "Optical diagnostics and modeling of low-temperature laboratory plasmas / Vladimir Sushkov." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050268202/34.
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Aronsson, Ulrika. "Metodutvärdering och mervärde av Treponema pallidum IgM analys vid diagnostik av syfilis." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-69413.
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Andersson, Ella. "Attenueringskorrektionens påverkan och betydelse för myokardscintigrafi och diagnostiken av ischemisk hjärtsjukdom." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92917.
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Introduktion: Attenueringskorrektion är en ny teknik inom nuklearmedicinska undersökningar som korrigerar attenueringen (foton förluster). Myokardscintigrafi som avspeglar hjärtats perfusionsförmåga används framför allt för att undersöka om det föreligger ischemisk hjärtsjukdom hos patienter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om attenueringskorrektion kan förbättra känsligheten för myokardscintigrafi att detektera ischemiska hjärtsjukdomar. Material och metod: 476 patienter under 2017 – 2018 som genomförde myokardscintigrafi i Skaraborgssjukhuset ingick i studien. Sökning i patientjournaler av dessa patienter gjordes för att hitta läkarsvaren av myokardscintigrafi med attenueringskorrektion samt eventuellt angiografi svar om angiografi utfördes efter myokardscintigrafi. Resultatet jämfördes med en parallell studie som undersökte om sensitiviteten för myokardscintigrafi utan attenueringskorrektion. Resultat: Under 2017 – 2018 då myokardscintigrafi genomfördes med attenueringskorrektion var det 29,6% av totalt 476 patienter som bedömdes ha ischemi. 1,1% blev felbedömd vid myokardscintigrafi. 39,5% av 476 patienter hade patologiska resultat och 40% av dessa patologiska patienter gick vidare till angiografi, 61% av de som gick vidare till angiografi bedömdes faktiskt ha ischemi. Konklusion: Attenueringskorrektionen har minskat onödiga angiografi-undersökningar i samband med utredning av ischemiska hjärtsjukdomar. Även en ökning av känsligheten för att detektera ischemiska hjärtsjukdomar med myokardscintigrafi har kunnat ses med attenueringskorrektionen.Introduction: Attenuation correction is a new technique in nuclear medicine that corrects attenuation (photon losses). Myocardial scintigraphy, which reflects the perfusion capacity of the heart, is mainly used to investigate the presence of ischemic heart disease in patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether attenuation correction can improve the sensitivity of myocardial scintigraphy to detect ischemic heart disease. Material and method: 476 patients in 2017 - 2018 who underwent myocardial scintigraphy in Skaraborg Hospital were included in the study. Search of medical records of these patients was done to find the medical response of myocardial scintigraphy with attenuation correction and possibly angiography response if angiography was performed after myocardial scintigraphy. The results were compared with a parallel study investigating the sensitivity of myocardial scintigraphy without attenuation correction. Results: In 2017 - 2018 when myocardial scintigraphy was performed with attenuation correction, 29.6% of a total of 476 patients were assessed as having ischemia. 1.1% were misdiagnosed on myocardial scintigraphy. 39.5% of 476 patients had pathological findings and 40% of these pathological patients went on to angiography, 61% of those who went on to angiography were diagnosed to have ischemia. Conclusion: The Attenuation correction has reduced unnecessary angiography investigations in the investigation of ischemic heart disease. Also, an increase in the sensitivity of detecting ischemic heart disease with myocardial scintigraphy was seen with the attenuation correction.
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Fletcher, Rachael. "Diagnostic capacity of laboratory mesocosms, response of macroinvertebrate communities to sediment contamination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq38239.pdf.
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Chroustovská, Kateřina. "Příprava diagnostické laboratoře pro akreditaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442428.
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This diploma thesis deals with the topic of accreditation of a diagnostic laboratory. It analyses theoretical knowledge in the field of accreditation, accreditation agency and its history. It contains a list and sample of documents required for accreditation and a description of the process. Part of the work is also a description of the requirements arising from the standard ČSN EN ISO / IEC 17025. The work briefly introduces the company whose laboratory is to be accredited. The following are the technologies the company uses and wants to accredit. The main part of this diploma thesis is the Quality manual, which was created with all needed attachments. This Quality manual is the most significant document, which is necessary for the process of accreditation.
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Moffitt, Theodore Paul. "Compact fiber-optic diffuse reflection probes for medical diagnostics /." Full text open access at:, 2007. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,232.
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Di, Sabatino Sara. "Diagnostica del danneggiamento e del degrado di opere marmoree: sperimentazione in laboratorio e in sito." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4405/.
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Moreira, Daniella [UNESP]. "Produção de anticorpo monoclonal reativo com leveduras do gênero candida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110738.
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000134804.pdf: 2170606 bytes, checksum: a9bb17090b4e19e238785aceaee3fa1d (MD5)O presente estudo teve como objetivo a produção de um anticorpo monoclonalreativo com leveduras do gênero Candida. Esplenócitos de camundongosBALB/c previamente imunizados com Candidaforam fusionados in vitro comcélulas de mieloma Sp2-0Ag14 e os híbridos resultantes mantidos em cultura a37°C com 5% de C02. Os sobrenadantes das células em crescimento foram testados por ELISA para a produção de anticorpos. Os pontos positivos {0,29%)foram clonados para obter-se o anticorpo monoclonal e posteriormenteexpandidos in vivo emperitônio de camundongo. O anticorpo produzido peloclone foi purificado e isotipado. O anticorpo monoclonal foi denominado 76C e éuma lgMK. O 76C é dirigido para um epítopo de mananoproteína da paredecelular de Candida, cuja natureza ainda não foi completamente elucidada. Oanticorpo 76C foi analisado por DOT SLOT contra diferentes cepas de Candidareagindo positivamente com 87,5% das amostras testadas. O anticorpomonoclonal (76C) será uma ferramenta útil no estudo sorológico de pacientescom candidose invasiva.
The aim of this study was to obtain a reactive monoclonal antibody against Candida albicans. Spleen celIs of BALB/c mice previously immunized withCandida were fused in vitro with mielorna cells Sp2-0Ag14. The resultant hybridcells were kept in culture medium at 5% C02.The suspension growing cells were tested by ELISA to check the antibodies titer. The positive colonies were cloned to achieve the monoclonal antibody and further expanded in mice peritoneum. The antibody produced was purified and isotope. The monoclonal antibody was denominated 76C. The 76C was directed against mannoprotein molecules from Candida cell surface, which has not yet been completely investigated to find outlhe specific nature of epitope. The antibody 76C was analyzed by DOT BLOTagainst different Candida species and there were positives results in 87,5% of the tested samples_ The monoclonal antibody 76C will be a useful tool to investigate oligomannoside epitope from mannan and could be applied in sera diagnosis in invasive candidiasis and in studies of glicidic epitope.
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Maltez, da Costa Marisa. "Electrocatalytic Nanoparticle Based Sensing for Diagnostics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96695.
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An early and accurate diagnosis is the key to the effective and ultimately successful treatment of a large number of diseases, and only sensitive detection methods allow an early diagnosis. Current methods, employed in the clinical area, are often time-consuming, expensive, and require advanced instrumentation and high skilled professionals. Thus, more cost effective methods requiring user-friendly instrumentation that can provide an adequate sensitivity and accuracy would be ideal, and the most important challenge in biosensing is to combine the advances in nanomaterials and molecular biology, with new diagnosis methods in order to overcome the diagnosis difficulties
Electrochemical biosensors can fulfil these requirements once they gather the selective biochemical recognition with the high sensitivity of electrochemical detection plus, they can be easily integrated in fluidic systems that enhance their overall manageability. To improve the electrochemical assay sensitivity and to achieve a better and more reliable analysis there is a great demand for labels with higher specific activity. The most used labels for electrochemical sensors up to date have been enzymes as well as small molecules like electro-active indicators. Nanoparticles can provide a novel platform for improving the specific activity of a label as well as its affinity to the tracer biomolecules (DNA probes, proteins and other biomolecules). They are within the same size range as biomolecules and in solution they present a similar behaviour. Therefore they can be used as electrochemical labels allowing more assay-flexibility, faster binding kinetics, high sensitivity and high reaction rates for many types of assays, ranging from protein immunoassays to DNA and cell analysis.
The main objective of this thesis is the development of novel and improved electrochemical sensing systems for biomarker detection, using the electrocatalytic effects of nanoparticles. Several approaches were developed using gold nanoparticles as electrocatalytic labels in immunosensor and cell sensing systems, for the detection of proteins and cells with interest for the detection of biomarkers.
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Croal, Bernard Lewis. "Rationalisation of laboratory test orderinginprimary care : the diagnostic request advisory model (DRAM) study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400664.
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Laboratory services have a central role in surrounding the screening, diagnosis and management of patients and represent a significant expenditure for the NHS in Scotland, of which around 25% can be attributed to general practice use. Some testing however can be regarded as ‘inappropriate’ which represents a substantial opportunity cost including the indirect costs of unnecessary further investigation of healthy individuals following false positive results. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of two interventions to modify the test requesting behaviour of general practitioners in Grampian and Moray. A 2x2 factorial cluster randomised controlled trial design was used. The two interventions, enhanced educational feedback and test report reminders, were introduced over a one year period. The effect on the requesting behaviour of specific targeted tests was observed across the intervention groups. The overall costs were considered taking into account the costs of delivering the interventions as well as potential savings. Target test requesting in the control group rose by 5.4% during the intervention period. This compared to falls in test requesting in the feedback group (-2.2%), reminder group (-6.1%) and the group receiving both interventions (-16.8%). Set-up and maintenance costs associated with the interventions compared very favourably with the potential savings that could be made due to reductions in test requesting. Both test report reminders and enhanced educational feedback are suitable vehicles for the delivery of educational interventions aimed at modifying laboratory test requesting behaviour. Implementation of such into routine laboratory service could lead to substantial benefits for the NHS in Scotland due to a more rational approach to test use and an overall quality improvement in the diagnostic decision making process.
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Sarjoughian, Hessam Seyed 1959. "Intelligent agents and hierarchical constraint-driven diagnostic units for a teleoperated fluid handling laboratory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277219.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study and develop intelligent agents for the forthcoming Space Station Freedom. Relevant intelligent capabilities, which are necessary in a semi-autonomous laboratory environment, are assumed to be built into a robot. An intelligent controller based on the DEVS formalism and the event-based approach is considered for an experiment. We shall discuss multiple model representations, where each model is tailored toward a specific purpose. Considering the necessity of diagnostic capabilities, we shall discuss the possibility of hierarchical diagnostic units for the Space Station. A high-level diagnostic unit is implemented on the basis of an artificial intelligence scheme and a hierarchy of diagnosers. This thesis also discusses the need for real-time diagnostic units and real-time data acquisition. We shall consider a constraint driven diagnostic unit which utilizes the time/cost (i.e., the actual associated cost or time in inquiring information necessary for a diagnosis process) criterion in an attempt to locate the cause(s) of failures.
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Duong, Veasna. "Dengue in Cambodia : epidemiology, molecular evolution, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnostic and markers of severity." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20231/document.
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La dengue, maladie transmise par des moustiques, est causée par l'un des 4 sérotypes du virus de la dengue (DENV). Le Cambodge est un pays d'hyperendémicité de la dengue où les 4 sérotypes en co-circulent. Le programme national de lutte contre la dengue a été établi en 2000 et a fourni des données nécessaires dans la compréhension du profil épidémiologique et de l'évolution du DENV. La dynamique d'évolution virale est caractérisée par des événements de disparition et d'émergence de lignées au sein de chaque sérotype en fonction du temps. La dengue se présente sous différentes formes cliniques allant d'une forme asymptomatique aux formes sévères accompagnée d'un syndrome de choc (DSS) et le diagnostic différentiel est souvent compliqué. Dans des contextes cliniques différents et avec des profils biologiques variables, nous avons évalué un test de diagnostic précoce de détection de l'antigène NS1 de la dengue. De plus, nous avons identifié de nombreux profils d'expression biologique spécifiques aux cas de DSS qui pourraient être utilisés comme d'éventuelles cibles pour le développement de nouveaux traitements ou comme des marqueurs de pronosticDengue infection, caused by one of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world with an estimated 50-100 million cases annually. In Cambodia, dengue is hyperendemic and all four serotypes are circulating. The active hospital-based surveillance has been established in 2000 and provided important insights in the understanding of the epidemiological profile and of the DENV evolution. The dynamic of evolution of DENV is characterized by complex patterns of lineage turnovers within each serotype, with lineages increasing and decreasing in frequency through time. Dengue manifests in various clinical forms - from asymptomatic to severe form with shock syndrome - and is sometimes difficult to differentiate from other febrile diseases. We have evaluated the performance of a recent diagnostic tool (NS1 antigen detection) - developed to identify dengue at a very early stage on the infection - depending on various clinical and biological patterns. Additionally, genome-wide expression analysis has characterized a large amount of gene signatures specific to dengue shock syndrome which could be used as prognostic markers as well as potential targets for drug design
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Ly, Huong Q. "Medical Laboratory Managers Success with Preanalytical Errors." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3498.
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Clinicians rely heavily on accurate laboratory results to diagnose and treat their patients. Laboratory errors can occur in any area of total testing phases, but more than half of the errors occur in the preanalytical phase. Framed by the total quality management theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore medical laboratory managers' strategies to reduce preanalytical errors. A purposive sample of 2 organizations with laboratories in southern California participated in semistructured face-to-face interviews. Company A had 2 participants and 3 participants participated in the study from Company B. Each participant had at least 5 years of laboratory experience, with a minimum of 2 years of management experience in preanalytical testing, and had completed one project to minimize laboratory errors. Thematic analysis exposed 5 main themes: quality improvement, recognition, reward, and empowerment, education and training, communication, and patient satisfaction. The participants highlighted the need for organizations to concentrate on quality management to achieve patient satisfaction. To achieve quality services, medical laboratory managers noted the importance of employee engagement, education and training, and communication as successful strategies to mitigate preanalytical errors. The recommendation for action is for laboratory leaders to review and apply effective strategies exposed by the data in this study to reduce preanalytical errors in their medical laboratory. Positive implications of this study include reduction of preanalytical errors, increased operational cost, and improved patient experience.
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De, Marco Simona Grazia Stefania. "Applicazioni in laboratorio di metodi non distruttivi quale strumento diagnostico di elementi strutturali in muratura." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1982/.
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Moore, Gary W. "Optimisation of the diagnostic potential of coagulation assays for the laboratory diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274014.
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singstrand, carolin, and Sandra Larsson. "Diagnostisk träffsäkerhet och undersökningstid för kombinerat hjärt- och lungultraljud vid akutvårdsförloppet hos patienter med akut dyspné. : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49267.
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Mohamed, Moumin Neima. "DEVELOPING A MOLECULAR TOOL KIT FOR DIAGNOSTIC PCR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392205.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study is develop and test an inexpensive molecular tool kit to be used for diagnostic PCR for diseases such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and Cystic fibrosis(CF). By developing and optimizing recombinant Taq polymerase and making a DNA size ladder from plasmids pPSU1 and pPSU2 the financial cost for the tool kit would be reduced significantly compared to the commercial components. With an inhouse method both the recombinant Taq polymerase and the pPSU1 and pPSU2 plasmids were purified from the E.coil strain DH5-α. Thereafter to analyse the components of the tool kit both conventional PCR and Real-time PCR to make sure that the tool kit would work for both types of PCRs. The homemade Taq polymerase proved to be able to sustain in room temperature for at least 24 h and the polymerase also showed that it works with different primers such as LHON, CF and Beta-globin in both endpoint and probe base real-time PCR. The homemade size marker produced a reliable in agarose gel electrophoresis but requires optimization for continued usage for smaller PCR products. In conclusion the homemade Taq polymerase will be used in future PCR analysis in the laboratory and the recombinant production process as well. Meanwhile the homemade size marker did not work sufficiency enough to be continuously used with gel electrophoresis in the laboratory without being further modified.
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Rabe, Nasim Estelle. "Evaluation and performance comparison between two commercial multiplex gastroenteritis diagnostic systems in a routine laboratory setting." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447123.
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Abstract Background: Gastroenteritis is a common infection and the leading cause of morbidity worldwide and is mostly caused by viruses. Outbreaks appear in both developed and developing countries and result in large economic costs. Rapid detection is important for appropriate treatment, control and to prevent the spread of infection. Objective: Evaluation and performance comparison between the BioFire®FilmArray® Torch System gastrointestinal panel and the Molecular BD MAXTMenteric viral panel to indicate a multiplex method for viral gastroenteritis diagnostic in a routine laboratory setting. Material and methods: In this study, 58 different samples were used which consisted of selected stool specimens from patients who were tested and treated for gastroenteritis infection at Uppsala Academic Hospital and Norrlands University Hospital in Umeå during 2018-2021, samples from Quality control for molecular diagnostics viral gastroenteritis EQA pilot study during 2018-2019 and cultivated strains of different adenovirus species from 2018. All samples were analyzed with both systems for comparison of detected pathogens. Results: Sensitivity and specificity values were 95% and 100% respectively for the BioFire®FilmArray®Torch System and 100% and 93.3% for the BD MAXTMSystem. Conclusions: Bothsystems are rapid and adequate diagnostic tools. The BioFire®FilmArray®Torch System with greater coverage has the ability of detecting more pathogens and is more promising particularly in the occasional infection circumstance. The BD MAXTMSystem demonstrated almost the same results and seems to be a better option in times of an outbreak when the numbers of patients are significantly higher.
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Segervald, Jonas. "Fabrication and Optimization of a Nanoplasmonic Chip for Diagnostics." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163998.
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To increase the survival rate from infectious- and noncommunicable diseases, reliable diagnostic during the preliminary stages of a disease onset is of vital importance. This is not trivial to achieve, a highly sensitive and selective detection system is needed for measuring the low concentrations of biomarkers available. One possible route to achieve this is through biosensing based on plasmonic nanostructures, which during the last decade have demonstrated impressive diagnostic capabilities. These nanoplasmonic surfaces have the ability to significantly enhance fluorescence- and Raman signals through localized hotspots, where a stronger then normal electric field is present. By further utilizing a periodic sub-wavelength nanohole array the extraordinary optical transmission phenomena is supported, which open up new ways for miniaturization. In this study a nanoplasmonic chip (NPC) composed of a nanohole array —with lateral size on the order of hundreds of nanometer— covered in a thin layer of gold is created. The nanohole array is fabricated using soft nanoimprint lithography on two resists, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). An in depth analysis of the effect of thickness is done, where the transmittance and Raman scattering (using rhodamine 6G) are measured for varying gold layers from 5 to 21 nm. The thickness was proved to be of great importance for optimizing the Raman enhancement, where a maximum was found at 13 nm. The nanohole array were also in general found beneficial for additionally enhancing the Raman signal. A transmittance minima and maxima were found in the region 200-1000 nm for the NPCs, where the minima redshifted as the thickness increased. The extraordinary transmission phenomena was however not observed at these thin gold layers. Oxygen plasma treatment further proved an effective treatment method to reduce the hydrophobic properties of the NPCs. Care needs be taken when using thin layers of gold with a PMMA base, as the PMMA structure could get severely damaged by the plasma. HPC also proved inadequate for this projects purpose, as water-based fluids easily damaged the surface despite a deposited gold layer on top.
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Di, Giovenale Andrea. "Metodo impact-echo per la diagnostica strutturale: esperienza di laboratorio su solette in calcestruzzo contenenti guaine per post-tensione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/198/.
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Karlsson, Samuel, and Jansson Nelly Palma. "Jämförelse av kommersiella och InHouse kontroller för realtids-PCR vid diagnostik av Herpes simplexvirus 1 och 2." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40822.
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Herpes simplexvirus 1 och 2 orsakar godartade sjukdomar, men kan även orsaka mortalitet. Diagnostik av herpes simplexvirus 1 och 2 utförs numera framför allt med realtids- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). I metoden amplifieras specifika deoxiribonukleinsyra(DNA)-sekvenser till miljontals kopior vilka sedan detekteras med fluorescein. I realtids-PCR sätts positiva och negativa kontroller. De positiva kontrollerna kan vara InHouse eller kommersiella. Tolkningen av resultatet inkluderar inspektion av kontrollerna. DNA utsätts för nedbrytningsprocesser av olika slag, och kan förvaras på olika sätt för att upprätthålla stabilitet. Syftet med studien var att jämföra laboratoriets InHouse-kontroller med två kommersiella kontroller, för att utvärdera vilken av dessa som var mest stabila över tid. Utvärderingen utfördes genom att analysera tre kontroller med realtids-PCR, efter att de hade förvarats i -20° C, i 5° C och i 20° C, och var spädda i TE-buffert eller i PCR-vatten. De kommersiella och InHouse-kontrollerna visade sig vara jämbördiga. Vidare studier som görs under längre tid, i större omfattning och där koncentrationerna är samma för varje kontroll, föreslås.Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 which usually cause benign diseases but can even cause mortality. The diagnostics of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 are performed with real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the real-time PCR method, specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences are amplified into millions of copies which are then detected with fluorescein. Positive and negative controls are used in real-time PCR. The positive controls can be InHouse or commercial. The interpretation of the results includes inspection of the controls. DNA is subject to degradation processes of different kinds and can be stored in different ways to maintain stability. The purpose of the study was to compare the laboratory's InHouse controls with two commercial controls, to evaluate which of these were more stable over time. The evaluation was performed by analyzing the three controls with real-time PCR after they were stored in temperatures at -20° C, at 5° C and at 20° C, and were diluted in TE-buffer or in water. The commercial and InHouse controls proved to be equitable. Further studies carried out for a longer period of time, to a greater extent and where concentrations are the same for each control are suggested.
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Murakami, Tiyo Okada. "Epidemiologia da brucelose bovina nos municípios de Altinópolis e Santo Antônio da Alegria, Estado de São Paulo : prevalência, fatores de risco e métodos de diagnóstico /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103841.
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Orientador: Luís Antonio MathiasBanca: Raul José Silva Girio
Banca: Sonia Regina Pinheiro
Banca: Paulo Francisco Domingues
Banca: Samir Issa Samara
Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: estimar a prevalência da brucelose bovina nos municípios de Altinópolis e Santo Antonio da Alegria, SP; avaliar fatores de risco associados à taxa de prevalência; comparar as provas do antígeno acidificado tamponado (PAAT) e de soroaglutinação em placa (SAP) como testes de triagem no diagnóstico da brucelose bovina; e comparar as provas de fixação de complemento (FC) e 2-mercaptoetanol (ME) como testes confirmatórios. Foi obtida, aleatoriamente, uma amostra de 1.459 soros sangüíneos de bovinos de 132 rebanhos, que foram examinados pela PAAT e pela SAP. Os soros com reação nesses testes foram examinados também pelas provas de FC e ME. Foram também obtidas, por meio de um questionário, informações sobre características dos animais e dos rebanhos estudados. Constatou-se que 3,43% dos animais foram reagentes pela FC, e 16,67% dos rebanhos tinham pelo menos um animal reagente. Os fatores mais associados à prevalência foram sexo e idade dos animais e a introdução de animais no rebanho sem a exigência de exame de brucelose negativo. A PAAT apresentou melhor desempenho que a SAP como teste de triagem, e a FC apresentou melhor desempenho que a ME como teste confirmatório.
Abstract: The purposes of this investigation were: to estimate de prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Altinópolis and Santo Antonio da Alegria, State of São Paulo, Brazil; to evaluate risk factors associated to the prevalence rate; to compare the rose Bengal and the plate agglutination serum tests for screening; and to compare the complement fixation and the mercaptoetanol as confirmatory tests. A sample of 1,459 sera from 132 herds were obtained at random and tested by the rose Bengal and the plate agglutination tests. Sera reacting at any of these tests were also tested by the complement fixation and by de mercaptoethanol test. Informations about the animais and the herds studied were also obtained. The results showed that 3.43% of the animals reacted to the complement fixation test, and 16.67% of the herds had at least one reacting animal. The factors more associated to the prevalence rate were sex and age of the animals and the introduction of animals in the herd without a negative test for brucellosis. The rose Bengal plate test peformed better than the plate agglutination test for screening, and the complement fixation test performed better than the mercaptoethanol test for the confirmatory diagnosis.
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Borglund, Kajsa. "Utvärdering och implementering av antikroppen anti-NKX3.1 för diagnostik av metastaserande prostata-adenocarcinom." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53076.
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Prostata-adenocarcinom är den vanligaste cancerformen hos män. Anti-PSA och anti-P501S är frekvent använda antikroppar för diagnostisering av prostata-adenocarcinom i vävnadsbiopsier, men kan ha svag eller negativ infärgning av antigenen. Antikroppen anti-NKX3.1 har visat sig ha en högre sensitivitet och starkare infärgning än anti-PSA och anti-P501S vid prostata-adenocarcinom. Det rekommenderas att använda anti-NKX3.1 tillsammans med anti-PSA och/eller anti-P501S för att diagnostisera metastaserande prostata-adenocarcinom. Studiens syfte var att utvärdera och implementera antikroppen anti-NKX3.1 för diagnostisering av metastaserande prostata-adenocarcinom. Positiva vävnadskontroller (prostatavävnad och testisvävnad) och negativ vävnadskontroll (appendix) färgades med anti-NKX3.1 i Roche Ventana Benchmark ULTRA med immunohistokemisk färgning. Förbehandlingarna CC1 mild, CC1 standard och Proteas 1 samt visualiseringskiten OptiView samt UltraView jämfördes. Spädningen optimerades från 1:50-1:200. Vävnadssnitten graderades sedan från 1 (ingen infärgning)-6 (starkast infärgning). Visualiseringskitet OptiView samt förbehandlingen CC1 standard gav den starkaste infärgningen med anti-NKX3.1 och valdes som det optimala visualiseringskitet respektive förbehandlingen. Med tanke på materialkostnad och smidighet valdes spädningen 1:100 som den optimala spädningen.Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common form of cancer in men. Anti-PSA and anti-P501S are frequently used antibodies for diagnosing of prostate adenocarcinoma in tissue biopsies but may show weak or negative staining of the antigens. Antibody anti-NKX3.1 has been shown to have a higher sensitivity and stronger staining then anti-PSA and anti-P501S in prostate adenocarcinoma. It is recommended to use anti-NKX3.1 along with anti-PSA and/or anti-P501S to diagnose metastases of prostate adenocarcinoma. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and implement the antibody anti-NKX3.1 for diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. Positive tissue controls (prostate and testis) and negative tissue control (appendix) were stained with anti-NKX3.1 immunohistochemical staining in Roche Ventana Benchmark ULTRA machine. The pre-treatments CC1 mild, CC1 standard and Protease 1 and the visualization kits OptiView and UltraView were compared. The dilution was optimized from 1:50-1:200. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue was graded from 1 (no staining) - 6 (strongest staining). Visualization kit OptiView and pre-treatment CC1 standard gave the strongest staining with anti-NKX3.1 and were chosen as the optimal visualization kit and pre-treatment. Considering the material cost and flexibility, the 1:100 dilution was chosen as the optimal dilution.
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Kraj, Barbara. "Incorporation of Molecular Diagnostics into Medical Laboratory Science Curriculum: Clinical Facilities Expectations. An Asynchronous, Iterative, Online Delphi Study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3721.
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The medical laboratory science (MLS) profession is in need for published molecular diagnostics competency-based standards and curriculum. To assess their expectations of new MLS graduates, professionals performing and supervising performance of clinical molecular assays were surveyed to rate the importance of relevant cognitive and psychomotor learning objectives. A modified, asynchronous, iterative online Delphi process was utilized for assessment of consensus on the importance of the objectives. The survey was delivered through online REDCap application. Program directors of 221 MLS programs accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science (NAACLS) were asked to forward the first Delphi survey to target participants at their affiliated clinical sites. Ninety-four experts submitted complete surveys, including 88 who provided email addresses, indicating agreement to participate in future Delphi rounds. Most of the participants were certified by ASCP or NCA (81.9%), had over 10 years of laboratory experience (76.6%), and worked in a hospital setting (43.6%). The reliability of the surveys, assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.96 and 0.97. In the second survey, the objectives assigned low importance by the majority were removed; and others, assigned high importance were expanded. Respondents were given the opportunity to confirm or change their opinion on the objectives after reviewing quantitative results and narrative comments collected in the preceding survey. Upon completion of the Delphi process, 25 essential items were identified as necessary for inclusion in the entry-level MLS curriculum. These concepts and objectives focused on basic molecular biology principles and general molecular laboratory operations, including practical knowledge of techniques designed to maintain specimen integrity and intense theoretical background of the polymerase chain reaction, as well as comprehension of the principles of laboratory assays designed for pathogens most commonly tested for using molecular methods. In this study, the investigator also provided information on the preferred number of contact hours devoted to each group of the identified essential items. The goal of creating the list of essential concepts and objectives was to share it with MLS educators, the NAACLS and the provider of MLS certification exam, the American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification (ASCP-BOC), to contribute to the existing exam content guidelines.
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Chinelato-Fernandes, Ana Regina [UNESP]. "Diferenciação molecular de mutantes de hemoglobinas humanas na população brasileira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102762.
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Maguiña, Jorge L., Percy Soto-Becerra, Yamilee Hurtado-Roca, and Roger V. Araujo-Castillo. "Laboratory tests for identification of sars-cov-2 during pandemic times in Peru: Some clarification regarding «diagnostic performance»." Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655698.
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Chu, Yin Bui. "Evaluation of rapid method for detection of cytomegalovirus in clincal specimens using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification." FIU Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2355.
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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the major cause of illness and death in immunocompromised patients. HCMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in humans. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for the rapid detection of CMV in urine. Several parameters of the PCR procedure were optimized to reduce time and improve sensitivity. By eliminating the extraction of DNA from clinical specimens, reducing the number of amplification cycles, utilization of the "hot start" PCR procedure and direct detection of PCR product by ethidium bromide fluorescence staining, a procedure was developed which could be performed in less than 3 hours. Comparison studies using cell culture and direct detection of CMV by PCR on urine specimens were performed. Sensitivity was further examined to determine if inhibitors of the PCR reaction were present in urine.
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Gonzalez, Elfwing Olivia, and Elin Nilsson. "Utvärdering av icke-invasiva metoder för diagnostik av Helicobacter pylori-infektion : En systematisk litteraturstudie." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48758.
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Helicobacter pylori-infektion är en av de ledande orsakerna till utvecklingen av maligniteter i ventrikeln. Tillämpning av pålitliga analytiska metoder är därför väsentlig för en korrekt diagnostik och behandling av infektionen. Syftet med studien var att ge en översikt av icke-invasiva metoder som tillämpas för påvisning av H. pylori och utvärdera vilken metod som är bäst lämpad, med avseende på metodens prestandaegenskaper och det kliniska tillståndet hos patienten. En systematisk litteraturöversikt utfördes, genom sökning efter vetenskapliga artiklar med inklusions- och exklusionskriterier i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Utvalda artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och 20 studier inkluderades i resultatet. Sammanställt hade fecesantigentester en sensitivitet och specificitet på 92,64% respektive 91,47%, antikroppstester hade 97,20% respektive 81,59%, urea utandningstester hade 91,40% respektive 91,70% och polymeraskedjereaktionen hade 75,45% respektive 98,30%. Därutöver hade kliniska tillstånd såsom atrofisk gastrit, intestinal metaplasi och gastrointestinal blödning en negativ påverkan på metodernas diagnostiska tillförlitlighet. Studien konstaterade att beträffande metodens prestanda är fecesantigentester mest lämpliga för påvisning av H. pylori- infektion. Vid allvarligare kliniska åkommor bör minst två icke-invasiva diagnostiska metoder tillämpas för att säkerställa pålitliga resultat.Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the leading causes of ventricular pathologies. Reliable analytic methods are therefore crucial for the correct diagnosis and treatment of the infection. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of non-invasive diagnostic methods used for the detection of H. pylori and to evaluate which method is most suitable, considering its performance and the clinical condition of the patient. A systematic literature review was conducted, searching peer-reviewed research articles with inclusion and exclusion criteria on the databases PubMed and CINAHL. An assessment of the selected articles quality resulted in the inclusion of 20 articles. Overall, stool antigen tests had a sensitivity and specificity of 92,64% and 91,47% respectively, antibody tests 97,20% and 81,59% respectively, urea breath tests 91,40% and 91,70% respectively, and the polymerase chain reaction 75,45% and 98,30% respectively. Furthermore, conditions such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastrointestinal bleeding had a negative impact on the diagnostic accuracy of the methods. This study concluded that, regarding the methods performance, stool antigen tests are more suitable for detecting a H. pylori infection. With the mentioned clinical conditions, at least two non- invasive diagnostic methods should be used to ensure reliable results.
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Boesenberg-Smith, Kelly. "A comparison of the AAVLD and ISO 17025 standards| What must a veterinary diagnostic laboratory do to achieve ISO 17025?" Thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1524790.
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Publically-administered veterinary diagnostic laboratories are accredited to an industry-developed quality standard, AAVLD, which is similar to the ISO 17025 international standard. Laboratories wanting to improve their client base of private industry partners must increasingly consider ISO 17025 accreditation to be successful, as it goes beyond the AAVLD standard by verifying the laboratory's technical competence to perform testing within its accreditation scope.
The research considers the differences between the AAVLD and ISO 17025 standards and strategies used by other laboratories to successfully implement a quality program, and provides a gap analysis between the two standards. The plan considers project management and change management strategies, details roles and responsibilities for the project team, and provides a range of aids including commonly used quality assurance tools to successfully develop the ISO 17025 quality system. The project plan can be successfully implemented using the laboratory's existing AAVLD quality system as a starting point.
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Trolezi, Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Efeito da anfotericina B, extrato da casca de bartimão, ácido tânico purificado, DMSO e corticosteróide na tratamento da pitiose experimental em coelhos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110363.
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000788565.pdf: 1471839 bytes, checksum: a6b86534cf13ddfff7c89c9fe4c59fc3 (MD5)A pitiose é uma doença causada pelo oomiceto denominado Pythium insidiosum e acomete animais domésticos, silvestres e o homem. O tratamento de escolha é o procedimento cirúrgico, porém, dependendo da localização e extensão da lesão, é inviável e as recidivas são frequentes. Até o momento não há protocolos terapêuticos efetivos contra o agente, pois não há fármacos com eficácia comprovada in vivo. Em virtude da gravidade e da ausência de tratamentos específicos, fazem-se necessárias pesquisas por novos protocolos terapêuticos. Desta forma, avaliaram-se o efeito do extrato da casca de barbatimão, ácido tânico purificado, anfotericina B, DMSO e corticosteróide no tratamento da pitiose experimental em coelhos. Foram utilizados um total de 21 coelhos, divididos em 6 diferentes protocolos terapêuticos e observou-se que não houve diferenças entre as formas de tratamento e o grupo controle. Questiona-se o modelo experimental da pitiose, que é único na literatura. Em condições experimentais as lesões são diferentes das naturalmente adquiridas em cavalos e cães. Este modelo experimental talvez não seja o mais apropriado para a avaliação de novas formas de tratamento
Pythiosis is caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum and affects domestic and wild animals and man. Treatment of choice for pythiosis is surgery, however, depending on the size and location of the lesion, it is an unfeasible procedure and relapses are frequently observed. Until this moment, there are no effective protocols for treatment, since there are no drugs with proved effectiveness in vivo. Due to the severity and absence of specific treatment for pythiosis, new researches are necessary to search new compounds that can be used in therapeutic protocols. So, it was evaluated the effect of bark extract of “barbatimão”, purified tannic acid, amphotericin B, DMSO and corticosteroid in the treatment of experimental pythiosis in rabbits. It was evaluated 21 rabbits which were divided into six different therapeutic protocols and it was not observed differences among them and control group. It is questioned the experimental model in rabbits, which is unique in literature. The lesions in this experimental model differ from that of natural condition in horses and dogs. This actual experimental model perhaps could not be suitable for new therapeutic protocols evaluation
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Gurney, David Andrew. "Development and implementation of regional platelet diagnostic laboratory in order to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of inherited platelet function disorders." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-and-implementation-of-regional-platelet-diagnostic-laboratory-in-order-to-enhance-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-inherited-platelet-function-disorders(d2bf09b6-16c1-4dcb-8eaa-61c3167d9fc9).html.
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This project sets out to create a reference laboratory service capable of detecting platelet function disorders using the latest techniques and based on the most current research. Platelet function disorders are difficult to diagnose due to differing phenotypic presentation and multiple causative agents. Platelet research has moved rapidly over the past decade and has included new reagents, analysers and techniques in the way platelet function disorders are diagnosed. A forward-looking diagnostic laboratory needs translate this ongoing research into routine laboratory practice, whilst ensuring that techniques used in the laboratory comply with the current guidelines and performed in a standardised and scientifically rigorous way. Literature searches were used to develop a pre-analytical questionnaire and this has been adopted. It has proved to be an important tool for standardisation of the pre-analytical procedure which is now in use at other diagnostic centres. New light transmission aggregation equipment and agonists have been introduced, standardised and reference ranges generated, driven by evidence based practice. Reagent comparison studies have been undertaken to asses’ cost-effectiveness of the assays in the laboratory. Platelet nucleotide reference ranges have been generated and are in use. The flow cytometric analysis of glycoproteins has been brought ‘in-house’, has been standardised, and is now being offered as a routine assay to specialist haematology clinical staff, improving the service the laboratory offers. This work has enabled an extended range of assays available to the laboratory and now has capacity for specialist testing of inherited platelet disorders. This together with expert clinical staff creates the scientific and technical environment required for the establishment of a specialist regional referral centre. The reputation of the laboratory has been additionally enhanced, through presentations and collaborations with manufacturers, other healthcare scientists and professional bodies. All these improvements based on strong scientific research and rigorous application have enabled the patient to undergo a thorough investigation with the minimum of inconvenience and enabled the health care provider to utilise resources more effectively.
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Marknell, DeWitt Åsa. "Use of Recombinant Allergens for Component-Resolved Diagnostics (CRD) in IgE-Mediated Allergy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7813.
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Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy occurs when our immune system causes a reaction to otherwise harmless substances (allergens). Allergens are predominantly proteins present in biological materials such as pollens, mites, animal epithelia, moulds and foods.
In vitro tests for specific IgE antibodies usually employ an allergen source extract as an antibody capturing reagent. The proportion of allergenic molecules in these biochemically complex extracts may vary.
Recombinant allergens may be obtained in large quantities with biotechnological techniques. These proteins can be characterized biochemically and immunologically, resulting in tests with minimal batch-to-batch variation. This thesis describes different uses of recombinant allergens in component-resolved diagnostics (CRD).
In CRD, single allergenic proteins are used to establish a sensitization profile of the patient. Two timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergens, Phl p 11 and Phl p 4, were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins. They were subsequently characterized and can, for example, be used in a panel for grass pollen CRD.
Single allergens may be useful as diagnostic markers for allergic sensitization. This phenomenon was studied using tropomyosin, a major allergen from the shrimp Penaeus aztecus (Pen a 1). The characteristics of the recombinant and natural proteins were compared. The recombinant tropomyosin was then extensively tested using specific competition for IgE binding against extracts of other crustacean species, house dust mite and cockroach.
In cases when an important allergen is missing or underrepresented in a natural extract, the corresponding recombinant allergen may be added to the extract as a spiking reagent. Previous studies have shown that latex extracts for diagnostic testing may lack the allergen Hev b 5. Recombinant Hev b 5 was expressed from a synthetic gene construct, incorporating several adaptations to enable efficient large scale production of the recombinant protein, to be used as a spiking reagent.
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Tan, Yanqi Charlene. "Laboratory diagnosis, molecular identification and epidemiology of human enteroviruses in Marseille, 1985-2011." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20725/document.
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Les entérovirus (EV) sont des agents étiologiques de nombreuses pathologies chez les adultes et les enfants, y compris la poliomyélite qui a été éradiquée en France. Aujourd’hui, la surveillance d’EV se déroule dans le cadre de la vigilance post-éradication, et fournit des données épidémiologiques importants sur des entérovirus non polio.A Marseille, la surveillance a amené à l’analyse de 654 souches isolées entre 1985 et 2005. Les EV de l'espèce B étaient prédominants, parmi lesquels l’echovirus 30 (E30) a été le plus fréquemment isolé et l’E13 a émergé lors de l’épidémie en 2000. Notre analyse des souches cliniques sur 20 ans renforce la stratégie de sérotypage par la VP1. L'analyse phylogénétique a identifié des souches de différents sérotypes, avec des régions nonstructurales génétiquement proches associées aux VP1 divergents. Ceci contredit le modèle actuel de la recombinaison et pourrait être à l’origine de l'émergence d’E13 épidémique.Deux épidémies majeures d’E30 ont été décrites en 2000 et 2005. Entre elles, le protocole de diagnostic d’EV a été modifié: en 2000, la détection s’est fait par la culture cellulaire et la RT-PCR classique; en 2005, la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel a été utilisée. Ainsi, l’épidémie de 2005 a été caractérisée par une réduction significative du délai nécessaire de livrer les résultats du diagnostic et de la durée du séjour hospitalier.Nous avons également adapté un système moléculaire pour la détection d'EV71. EV71 est associé à des épidémies du syndrome pied, main, bouche en Asie, mais peut aussi engendrer des complications neurologiques fatales. Nous avons testé 365 échantillons positifs pour l’EV. 3 cas d'EV71 du génogroupe C2 ont été détectés entre 2009 et 2011 chez les enfants sans histoires de voyage récent, ce qui confirme la circulation actuelle de ce génogroupe en France.Les entérovirus ont le potentiel de provoquer des épidémies fréquentes, à cause de leur diversité génétique importante et de leur capacité de réémergence. Il est nécessaire de maintenir la surveillance d'EV par la détection et l'analyse des virus en circulation, et de développer d’autres techniques rapides de détection et d’identificationEnteroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses associated with a myriad of pathologies in adult and paediatric populations, the most notable of which, poliomyelitis, has been eradicated in France. Today, enterovirus surveillance is carried out in the context of post-eradication monitoring, and provides important epidemiological data for nonpolio enteroviruses.In Marseille, surveillance efforts culminated in the compilation and analysis of 654 strains isolated between 1985 and 2005. Predominant serotypes belonged to the B species: Echovirus 30 (E30) was the most frequently isolated serotype and E13 emerged during the 2000 epidemic. Our analysis of clinical strains over 20 years lends credence to the VP1 serotyping strategy. Phylogenetic analysis identified strains of different serotypes which were genetically similar in the nonstructural regions despite distinct VP1 regions. This observation contradicts the current model of recombination and could explain the emergence of epidemic E13.Two large outbreaks of E30 were described in 2000 and 2005, in between which EV diagnostic protocol was changed: in 2000, detection was performed using cell culture and classic RT-PCR techniques; in 2005, this was done via real-time RT-PCR. As a result, the 2005 outbreak was characterised by a significant decrease in the time needed to deliver diagnostic results, as well as in the length of hospital stay.We also adapted a real-time molecular assay for the detection of EV71. EV71 is associated with major outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease in the Asia-Pacific region, but can also cause fatal neurological complications. We screened 356 EV-positive samples and detected three cases of genogroup C2 EV71 infection between 2009 and 2011 in young children with no history of travel, confirming the current circulation of EV71 in France.Enteroviruses have the potential to cause frequent epidemics, due to their great genetic diversity and their propensity for re-emergence. This underscores the need to maintain EV surveillance by analysing past and present circulating viruses, as well as to develop more rapid detection and identification techniques
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Östlund, Helena. "Evaluating the Congo red staining method with the aim to solve problematics in the work process and optimize amyloidosis diagnostics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327122.
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Some diagnostic methods have been used for a very long time. Congo red stain saw the light of day in 1883, and quickly became important in many fields of use. Nowadays we recognize the importance of Congo red in diagnose of amyloid diseases. However, the technique and experience needed throughout the process from a suspected case to the diagnose is of greate importance. When diagnostic difficulties appeared in a few patient cases at the local hospital in Gävle, Sweden, a solution was needed. A delayed diagnose could have a potential devastating outcome seen in the perspective of the patient. Therefore it is crucial to have both sensitive and specific diagnostic methods that are optimized against the sought pathogenesis. This study aspired to find the solution to the difficulties in diagnostic work, brought to light by a pathology doctor at the hospital. Several different methodical procedures are used throughout the process, and were evaluated with focus lying on the thickness of the tissue, the staining method and the microscopes used in diagnostics. Different thickness of the tissue was cut and stained. The results demonstrated the importance of proper techniques and methods in preparing the tissue, and the tools to analyse it with. The thickness of tissue and the lightsource in the microscope played a cruicial role in diagnostics. Additionally it showed the importance to continue to raise the quality of work and make progress in the diagnostic and scientific field, possibly by finding new applications for old methods.
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Rigon, Gabriel. "Instabilités hydrodynamiques : Application à l'astrophysique de laboratoire et diagnostics X à haute résolution." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX020.
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Le développement des lasers de puissance au cours du 20ème siècle a permis d’atteindre le régime que l'on appelle des hautes densités d’énergie (HDE), où la matière est portée dans des conditions extrêmes. Cela a permis l’essor d’une nouvelle discipline: l’astrophysique de laboratoire. Celle-ci vise à reproduire en laboratoire des conditions comparables à celles observées en astrophysique au sein de planètes, d’étoiles, ou lors de phénomènes cataclysmiques par exemple.Cette thèse porte sur l’étude expérimentale et numérique d’instabilités hydrodynamiques pouvant être trouvées dans de telles situations. Ces instabilités influencent l’évolution d’objets astrophysiques et en gênent l’observation. Ici nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement aux instabilités de Rayleigh-Taylor (IRT) et de Richtmyer-Meshkov (IRM). La première apparaît dès lors qu’un fluide dense repose sur un fluide moins dense. La seconde peut être considérée comme un cas particulier de la première où la force responsable de l’instabilité est due à une onde de choc. Ces deux instabilités se retrouvent en astrophysique dans les restes de supernovæ, qui sont constitués de la matière éjectée lors de la mort (explosion) d’une étoile massive. Nous pouvons aussi les trouver en fusion par confinement inertiel, où elles sont en partie responsable des difficultés à atteindre l’ignition.Dans cette thèse nous présentons les résultats d’expériences réalisées sur les installations LULI2000 à Palaiseau (France), GEKKO XII à Osaka (Japon) et SACLA (Japon) visant l’étude de ces instabilités. Ces travaux expérimentaux nous ont permis d’observer directement et de reconstituer l’évolution de l’IRT de sa phase linéaire, aux temps courts, à sa phase turbulente, aux temps longs. Nous avons ainsi effectué une étude paramétrique de l’IRT où nous faisions varier les paramètres classiques l’influençant : longueur d’onde de perturbation, rapport des densités au travers de l’interface (nombre d’Atwood). Cela constitue donc une étude expérimentale complète de l’IRT et présente un caractère inédit quant à l’observation de la turbulence avec une résolution sans précédent dans le domaine de la HDE.Cette étude expérimentale est complétée d’une étude numérique réalisée à l’aide de FLASH, un code de magnéto-hydrodynamique développé par l’université de Chicago. Les simulations effectuées lors de cette thèse ont permis à la fois de préparer l’ensemble de l’étude expérimentale, et d’interpréter et de comprendre les résultats.En parallèle de ces études d’instabilités, un diagnostic de radiographie à rayons X à haute résolution spatiale a été développé. Il utilise un cristal de LiF comme détecteur. Une étude des caractéristiques de ce diagnostic a été effectuée (réponse spectrale, variation de résolution…) sur le synchrotron SOLEIL. Cela nous a alors permis d'utiliser le LiF comme détecteur principal lors de nos expériences sur SACLA où une résolution spatiale sub-micronique et temporelle de l’ordre de 10 fs ont été obtenuesDuring the 20th century, the development of high power laser enabled scientist to reach a regime known as High Energy Density (HED), where matter is carried under extreme conditions. This allow the development of a new discipline: the laboratory astrophysics. This discipline aims to reproduce, in the laboratory, conditions similar to those observed in astrophysics, for instance in planet or star interiors, during cataclysmic phenomena.This thesis corresponds to an experimental and numerical study of hydrodynamic instabilities, which can be found in such situations. These instabilities affect the evolution of astrophysical objects and hinder their observation. Here, we will focus on the Rayleigh-Taylor (RTI) and the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RMI) instabilities. The first one does arise when a high density fluid is lying above a low density one. The second can be seen as a special case of the first, where the force responsible for the motion of the instability is linked to a shock wave. In astrophysics, both instabilities can be found in supernovae remnants, which are composed of the matter ejected during the death (explosion) of massive stars. They can also be found in inertial confinement fusion, and are responsible of the failure of ignition.In this thesis, we will show the results of experiments on those instabilities carried on LULI2000 (Palaiseau, France), GEKKO XII (Osaka, Japan), and SACLA (Japan) facilities. Thanks to these experiments, we observed directly and reconstructed the evolution of the RTI from its linear phase, early in time, up to its turbulent phase, late in time. We proceeded to a parametric study of the RTI, where we varied classical parameters: the wavelength modulation, the density ratio (Atwood number). Therefore, this constitutes a complete experimental study of the RTI with hitherto unseen results. Especially our observation of the turbulence with an unprecedented resolution in this regime (HED).To complete this experimental study, simulations were performed using FLASH, a magneto-hydrodynamic code developed by the FLASH centre (University of Chicago). These simulations allowed us to design our experiments and to analyse and understand our results.Concurrently, we developed a new high resolution X-ray radiography diagnostic. This diagnostic is based on a LiF crystal used as a detector. We proceed to the characterisation of this diagnostic on the SOLEIL synchrotron (spectral response, change in resolution...). This allowed us to use this diagnostic as our main detector on a SACLA experiment, which results on a sub-micron spatial resolution and to a temporal resolution of 10 fs