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Journal articles on the topic 'Labour brokers'

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1

Botes, Anri. "The History of Labour Hire in Namibia: A Lesson for South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 1 (2017): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i1a2320.

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Labour hire, the practice of hiring out employees to clients by a labour broker, has been a part of Namibia’s history since the early 1900s in the form of the contract labour system. This form of employment was characterized by inhumanity and unfair labour practices. These employees were subjected to harsh working conditions, inhumane living conditions and influx control. The contract labour system continued until 1977, when it was abolished by the General Law Amendment Proclamation of 1977. It was during the 1990s that the hiring out of employees returned in the form of labour hire. It contin
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Schoeman, Christie, and Derick Blaauw. "The flourishing nature of labour brokerage in South Africa: An investigation into the role of employment and performance uncertainty." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 9, no. 1 (2017): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i1.34.

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The objective of this article is to investigate the rationale behind the thriving nature of labour brokerage in specific labour market environments in general and, in particular, the flourishing nature thereof in South Africa. The factors and structures underlying labour brokerage are more complex than are generally assumed and propagated. This paper proposes an argument and explanation as to how non-price factors contribute to reasons behind the uncertainty to be employed and the existing underemployment. The uncertainty of employment enables labour brokers to appropriate rent and to profit f
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Van Eck, Stefan. "Temporary Employment Services (Labour Brokers) in South Africa and Namibia." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 2 (2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i2a2642.

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South Africa currently allows labour broking although this area of commerce is problematic. The trade union movement, government and organised business are presently debating the future regulation of this industry. Namibia has experimented with, and failed, to place a legislative ban on labour broking. The Supreme Court of Appeal of Namibia considered International Labour Organisation conventions and provisions of their Constitution before concluding that labour broking should be regulated but not prohibited. In this article it is argued that South African policy makers can gain valuable insig
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Govindjee, Avinash, and John Grogan. "The devil in the deemed: Novel takes on Sections 198B and D." Obiter 41, no. 3 (2021): 608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i3.9584.

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Section 198 of the Labour Relations Act is designed to protect vulnerable employees of labour brokers and those on fixed-term contracts. Some recent judgments may make obtaining that protection more complicated.
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Kaur, Amarjit. "Labour Brokers in Migration: Understanding Historical and Contemporary Transnational Migration Regimes in Malaya/Malaysia." International Review of Social History 57, S20 (2012): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859012000478.

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SummaryLabour brokerage and its salient role in the mobility of workers across borders in Asia has been the subject of recent debate on the continuing usefulness of intermediaries in labour mobility and migration processes. Some researchers believe that labour brokerage will decline with the expansion of migrant networks, resulting in reduced transaction costs and a better deal for migrant workers. From an economic standpoint, however, reliance on brokers does not appear to have a “use-by date” in south-east Asia. Labour brokers have played an important role in organizing and facilitating offi
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Lindquist, Johan. "Reassembling Indonesian Migration: Biometric Technology and the Licensing of Informal Labour Brokers." Ethnos 83, no. 5 (2018): 832–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2017.1364780.

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Cramer, Jacqueline M. "The Function of Transition Brokers in the Regional Governance of Implementing Circular Economy—A Comparative Case Study of Six Dutch Regions." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125015.

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This paper addresses the question of which function systemic intermediaries (here called ‘transition brokers’) can fulfil in the regional governance of implementing a circular economy (CE). Empirical research on this issue is scarce. The conclusion, based on a comparative case study of six Dutch regions, is that transition brokers fulfil the function of system orchestration. They can enhance processes of change, build alliances, help create the necessary preconditions, and develop impactful circular initiatives from a neutral standpoint. In a multi-stakeholder setting, transition brokers fulfi
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Mburu, P. "Resolving the disconnect between market actors, agents and brokers and small-holder fresh produce farmers in Agribusiness." E3 JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS 11, no. 1 (2021): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18685/ejmr(8)1_ejbme-21-011.

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Farming contributes a good portion of African GDP and employs a substantial percentage of Africa’s labour force. African farming is characterised by smallholder farmers who sell to market actors’ agents and brokers. As a result, farmers complain of low returns on investments and cartel behaviour which discourage younger generation in venturing into farming or taking farming as business. The objective of this paper is to review the literature and suggest a model that could address the disconnect, based on the collective entrepreneurship theory. Keywords: small-holder farmers, market actors’ age
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Halegua, Aaron, and Xiaohui Ban. "Labour Protections for Overseas Chinese Workers: Legal Framework and Judicial Practice." Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (2020): 304–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxaa024.

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Abstract The launch of China’s Belt and Road Initiative has brought attention to the dispatch of Chinese workers overseas. These vulnerable migrants are often charged high fees in China only to suffer wage abuses and work injuries abroad, where obtaining relief is often impossible. But what laws or regulations within China protect these workers, and how effective are they? This study takes an initial step towards answering those unexplored questions by analysing over 100 Chinese court decisions. While, for much of the China’s history, overseas workers were primarily seconded abroad by Chinese
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Senne, Yvonne, and Stella Nkomo. "The influence of labour brokering practices on employment equity in South Africa: A case of two universities." African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 39, no. 1 (2019): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-3223/5883.

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The purpose of this paper is to highlight the influence of labour brokering on employment practices, particularly those related to the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998. The research reported on in this paper is based on a larger research project that investigated the barriers to and enablers of gender equity within two higher education institutions. Utilising a qualitative case study at the two South African universities, the findings demonstrate the contradictions between the intentions of employment equity policies and practices and the adoption of a labour brokering employment strategy. Emp
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Maru, Yiheyis T., and Jocelyn Davies. "Supporting cross-cultural brokers is essential for employment among Aboriginal people in remote Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 4 (2011): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11022.

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Employment is generally considered as essential for improving individual and social livelihoods and wellbeing in Australia. Typically, employment rates are low among Aboriginal people living in remote regions of Australia. Often this is attributed to a lack of mainstream labour markets. However, Aboriginal employment participation is low even in remote places where there are employment opportunities, creating a seemingly paradoxical situation of lots of job vacancies and lots of unemployed locals. Social networks are one of the factors that contribute to this phenomenon, and that can potential
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12

RAMIREZ, MATIAS, and PETER DICKENSON. "GATEKEEPERS, KNOWLEDGE BROKERS AND INTER-FIRM KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN BEIJING'S ZHONGGUANCUN SCIENCE PARK." International Journal of Innovation Management 14, no. 01 (2010): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919610002568.

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An important part of industrial policy in China has been directed towards improving the degree and effectiveness of knowledge transfer between key firms in China's innovation system. Amongst these policies, the creation of regional science parks that encourage labour mobility and inter-firm collaboration on innovation projects have been central. Learning through inter-firm knowledge transfer focuses the attention on at least two key factors, improving absorptive capability (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990), which relies on the development of specialised skills in the firm and the establishment of in
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Fraser, Campbell. "An analysis of the emerging role of social media in human trafficking." International Journal of Development Issues 15, no. 2 (2016): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-12-2015-0076.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between human trafficking brokers and trafficking victims by using examples from both the international labour and human organ trafficking industries. It proposes an evolution in the brokerage process from geographic to online networks and how this alters the nature of the relationships between parties. The study aims to expand the understanding of contemporary trafficking brokerage networks in developing areas. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an ethnographic study which involved living among trafficking victims in 21 developi
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Ayuwat, Dusadee, Wanichcha Narongchai, Adirek Rengmanawong, and Nattawat Auraiampai. "Happiness perspective of migrant labor households in the northeast, Thailand." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.10 (2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10963.

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This research focused on happiness perspectives of the migrant labour households in the Northeast, Thailand. The study relied on the qualitative methodology. The in-depth interview was conducted with key informants: village headman, senior persons, local officers and twelve heads of the international migrant households who had variation of migration patterns, selected by snowball techniques in one village within the O-lo District, Chaiyaphum Province. Data collection was done during April to May, 2017. The results were descriptive content analysis technique. The results indicated that most of
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Ayuwat, Dusadee, Thanapauge Chamaratana, Edwin de Jong, and Luuk Knippenberg. "Connecting the Disconnected: Background, Practices and Motives of Labour Brokers in Isan, Thailand - an Explorative Study*." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 5, no. 5 (2010): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v05i05/51710.

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Mak, Joelle, Tanya Abramsky, Bandita Sijapati, Ligia Kiss, and Cathy Zimmerman. "What is the prevalence of and associations with forced labour experiences among male migrants from Dolakha, Nepal? Findings from a cross-sectional study of returnee migrants." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (2017): e015835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015835.

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ObjectivesGrowing numbers of people are migrating outside their country for work, and many experience precarious conditions, which have been linked to poor physical and mental health. While international dialogue on human trafficking, forced labour and slavery increases, prevalence data of such experiences remain limited.MethodsMen from Dolakha, Nepal, who had ever migrated outside of Nepal for work were interviewed on their experiences, from predeparture to return (n=194). Forced labour was assessed among those who returned within the past 10 years (n=140) using the International Labour Organ
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Mathekga, Mmanoko Jerry. "Fighting the battles of the mine workers: The emergence of the Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU)." African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 39, no. 2 (2019): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-3223/5878.

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The Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) was formed in post-apartheid South Africa. AMCU organises workers in the mining and construction sector. The importance and relevance of AMCU in democratic South Africa should not be de-emphasised, given the high levels of labour exploitation by mining companies. The mining sector is regarded as a crucial engine for economic growth and social development. AMCU, as the mining and construction labour movement, plays an important role in ensuring that its members are well represented, work in decent working conditions and are not exploi
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18

Ginés-Blasi, Mònica. "A Philippine ‘coolie trade’: Trade and exploitation of Chinese labour in Spanish colonial Philippines, 1850–98." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 51, no. 3 (2020): 457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463420000533.

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Chinese immigration to the Philippines has traditionally been studied in relation to commercial activities. But between 1850 and 1898, there was an unparalleled influx of Chinese labourers, which raised the number of Chinese residents to 100,000. This influx was fuelled by the abundant profits obtained by Chinese brokers and foremen, Spanish institutions and authorities in Manila, consuls in China, and Spanish and British ship captains, all of whom extracted excessive fees and taxes from the labourers. The trade in and the exploitation of Chinese labourers in the Philippines have yet to be tho
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19

Molland, Sverre. "Safe Migration, Dilettante Brokers and the Appropriation of Legality: Lao-Thai “Trafficking” in the Context of Regulating Labour Migration." Pacific Affairs 85, no. 1 (2012): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2012851117.

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20

Dickinson, David. "Contracting out of the Constitution: Labour Brokers, Post Office Casual Workers and the Failure of South Africa’s Industrial Relations Framework." Journal of Southern African Studies 43, no. 4 (2017): 789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2017.1316543.

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21

Allen, John. "Powerful City Networks: More than Connections, Less than Domination and Control." Urban Studies 47, no. 13 (2010): 2895–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098010377364.

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Powerful cities are often distinguished from others by the concentration and mix of resources at their disposal. The right mix, the right people and skills, along with the ability to do something with them marks off the more powerful from the less powerful cities. In that respect, far reaching influence and control are the hallmarks of a powerful city. Often implicit in this view, however, is an understanding of power as something which a city possesses, a capacity for domination and control embedded in the city itself which gives it a ranking above others. This paper sets out an alternative w
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Chamaratana, Thanapauge. "Endeavours: The Relationship in Social Network of Thai Student Labourers in Australia." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 8, no. 3 (2020): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.3(1).

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Objective - This article aims to examine the relationship in the social network of Thai student labourers or special migrants known as “Thai-Aus labourers”, who are studying and working in Sydney, Australia. Methodology/Technique – Data was collected via in-depth interviews with 18 key Thai-Aus labourers in Sydney, Australia. These key informants were selected using the snowball technique. Content analysis was performed with the data based on the ATLAS.ti programme, and the social networks were analysed using the Ucinet and Netdraw programme. Finding – The results conclude that the relationshi
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Bhattacharya, Jayati. "Stories from the margins: Indian business communities in the growth of colonial Singapore." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 4 (2019): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463420000041.

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Colonial Singapore witnessed the movement and settling of Chinese, Malay, Indian, Arab, European and other mercantile groups as a free port and emporium of the British Empire. This social landscape was defined by boundaries between the different ethnic communities, often drawn up by the British, in contrast to the cosmopolitan exchanges of the market. This article focuses on the Indian business communities which had played a significant role in maritime trade networks since pre-colonial times and continued to be a part of Singapore's developing society and economy in the British period. A mino
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Shah, Dr Nirali Ketan. "FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS THROUGH RATIO ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES." GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 3, no. 4 (2020): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47968/gapin.340046.

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Financial statements are the mirror which reflects the financial position, strength and weakness of the company. Financial statements of the company helps to know how a business is doing and how it’s useful internally for a company- stock holders and to its board of directors, its managers and some employees including labour unions, externally they are important to perspective investors, to government agencies responsible for taxing and regulating, to lenders such as banks and credit rating agencies & investment analysts & stock brokers. On the basis of financial Report here I compared
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Franck, Anja K., Emanuelle Brandström Arellano, and Joseph Trawicki Anderson. "Navigating Migrant Trajectories through Private Actors." European Journal of East Asian Studies 17, no. 1 (2018): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01701003.

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Abstract Recent research on the ‘migration industry’ has provided a means to interrogate how private actors come to be used as a means to facilitate, direct and control migration. Both through incorporating private actors into security functions and outsourcing certain functions to labour brokers, the use of migration industry actors is an important part of the ways in which the state works to maintain its sovereign control over territory and the ways people move across it. Yet this is not the only way in which migration industry actors are used. Instead, private actors also play a key role fo
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Steele, Paul D. "Employee Assistance Programs in Context: An Application of the Constructive Broker Role." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 24, no. 4 (1988): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002188638802400405.

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This article describes how practitioners in employee assistance programs (EAPs) can adopt the role of constructive broker to achieve the goal of providing humane treatment to troubled workers. The context in which EAPs operate is discussed in terms of the labor process model, which holds that inherent ideological conflicts between management and labor make the work place a contentious environment. The author presents strategies constructive brokers employ for enacting the role, and issues related to cost containment, role definition, and professionalism that affect EAPs today. Effective constr
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Saenz, Fernando, and Ruerd Ruben. "Export contracts for non-traditional products: Chayote from Costa Rica." Journal on Chain and Network Science 4, no. 2 (2004): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2004.x048.

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This paper focuses on the determinants of market and contract choice for non-traditional crops and the possibilities for involving local producers in global agro-food chains through delivery relationships with packers and brokers. Main attention is given to the importance of quality for entering the export market and the impact of contractual arrangements on loyal behaviour. Core stipulations in the contract regarding the frequency of delivery and the provision of technical assistance are mediating factors between quality and loyalty. The study among traditional and recently established produc
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Deshingkar, Priya. "Criminalisation of migration for domestic work from Myanmar to Singapore—need for a radical policy shift." European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 27, no. 1 (2021): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-020-09477-w.

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AbstractBetween 2014 and April 2019, the government of Myanmar banned international migration for domestic work to Singapore and criminalised the brokering of such migration as well as predeparture training and placement of migrants as domestic workers in Singapore. These measures were taken in response to concerns over the alleged abuse of migrant women as well as international pressures to eliminate trafficking and debt bondage. Experienced brokers and recruitment agencies who were trading openly up until then were forced to cease operations. At the same time, large numbers of inexperienced
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Tkachenko, Vasyl. "The Precariat: The Phenomenon of Socio-Political Radicalism." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-36.

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The article discusses the reasons for the emergence of the precariat as a phenomenon of socio-political radicalism. The commercialization of public institutions and mechanisms of the global capitalist market and the transfer of a number of production cycles to countries with cheap labour have led to consumption in the industrialized countries of North America and Europe exceeding incomes. This abuse led to a violation of the principle of market equilibrium: the pole of economic life was shifted from the production sector to the financial sector, and bankers and brokers began to assert their re
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Potocki, Przemysław. "Informacyjne determinanty rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego w XXI wieku: perspektywa infobrokeringu." Studia Politologiczne 2019, no. 54 (2019): 14–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2019.54.1.

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An article presents selected theoretical and empirical aspects of functioning information in social and economical dimensions of contemporary democratic political systems. Quantitative and qualitative levels of analysis were highlighted. New developmental forms of the information society were the object of consideration. Some skills related to the use of information and communication technologies were presented. The labour market’s situation in the digital economy was include in the analysis. Profession of the information broker was used as an empirical example of that situation. Lastly, a seq
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Odeku, Kola O. "Politicizing the Banning of Labor Brokers." Journal of Social Sciences 43, no. 3 (2015): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2015.11893446.

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Spaan, Ernst. "Taikongs and Calos: The Role of Middlemen and Brokers in Javanese International Migration." International Migration Review 28, no. 1 (1994): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800105.

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This article discusses international migration from Java in the past and present and the role brokers have played in stimulating this movement. It describes legal and clandestine labor migration to Singapore, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia, the influence of employment brokers on the process, and the organization of the recruitment networks. The involvement of brokers is crucial but not always beneficial for the migrants. Migrants are dependent on the brokers and risk exploitation. In the case of movement to Saudi Arabia, there is a linkage with religious institutions and the Islamic pilgrimage.
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Bailey, Nick. "Exclusionary employment in Britain’s broken labour market." Critical Social Policy 36, no. 1 (2015): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018315601800.

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Wee, Kellynn, Charmian Goh, and Brenda S. A. Yeoh. "Translating People and Policy: The Role of Maid Agents in Brokering between Employers and Migrant Domestic Workers in Singapore’s Migration Industry." International Migration Review 54, no. 4 (2020): 992–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918319897570.

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There has been a surge of recent interest in the migration industries that facilitate the movement of migrants, particularly that of low-waged laborers engaged in temporary contracts abroad. This article extends this research to include migration brokers working in destination contexts, thus drawing analytical attention to the arrival infrastructures that incorporate migrants into host societies. Based on ethnographic research involving the employment agents who recruit women migrating from Indonesia to work as migrant domestic workers in Singapore, we use the concept of “translation” as a bro
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Bishara, Dina. "Legacy Trade Unions as Brokers of Democratization? Lessons from Tunisia." Comparative Politics 52, no. 2 (2020): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5129/001041520x15657305839654.

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The Tunisian General Labor Union (UGTT) emerged as a major player in the country's transition from authoritarianism. Existing explanations - focusing on authoritarian legacies, the degree of trade union autonomy from the state, and labor's material incentives to support democratization - do not sufficiently account for the high-profile nature of the union's political role in Tunisia's transition. Instead, as this article argues, the importance of unions' pre-authoritarian legacy is key to understanding the role of unions in the transition from authoritarian rule. If unions enter the regime for
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Banerjee, Payal. "Migrants for Export: How the Philippine State Brokers Labor to the World." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 41, no. 4 (2012): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306112449614aa.

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Maher, K. H. "Good Women "Ready to Go": Labor Brokers and the Transnational Maid Trade." Labor Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 1, no. 1 (2004): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-1-1-55.

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Raj, Jayaseelan, and Richard Axelby. "From labour contractors to worker-agents: Transformations in the recruitment of migrant labourers in India." Contributions to Indian Sociology 53, no. 2 (2019): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966719836881.

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This article examines the circumstances in which the tasks performed by professional labour contractors may be passed on to worker-agents. It does so by critically engaging with the experience of migrant workers from the eastern Indian state of Jharkhand as they travel to work in the Peermade tea belt in the South Indian state of Kerala. Specifically, we identify shifts in economic and political contexts that have permitted these functions to pass from labour contractors to workers-agents and from a Sardari (top-down) to a Ristedari (kinship based) system. Outlining the functions of the labour
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Indergaard, Michael. "Retrainers as Labor Market Brokers: Constructing Networks and Narratives in the Detroit Area." Social Problems 46, no. 1 (1999): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1999.46.1.03x0242h.

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Lindquist, Johan. "Brokers, channels, infrastructure: moving migrant labor in the Indonesian-Malaysian oil palm complex." Mobilities 12, no. 2 (2017): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2017.1292778.

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Indergaard, Michael. "Retrainers as Labor Market Brokers: Constructing Networks and Narratives in the Detroit Area." Social Problems 46, no. 1 (1999): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097162.

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Rai, Pronoy. "The geographies of intermediation: Labor intermediaries, labor migration, and cane harvesting in rural western India." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 6 (2020): 1221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20903728.

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In this paper, I explain the role of labor intermediaries in the weaving of capital–labor relations in capitalist agro-business. I do so by focusing on migration infrastructure or the vertical network of labor intermediaries who facilitate labor recruitment from migrant home villages and migrant labor disciplining on cane fields in rural western India, where the laborers are brought seasonally to harvest sugarcane. I show how the role of labor intermediaries cannot be understood by containing them within the villainous stereotypes associated with brokers. Intermediaries are embedded within the
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Mosse, David, Sanjeev Gupta, Mona Mehta, Vidya Shah, Julia fnms Rees, and KRIBP Project Team. "Brokered livelihoods: Debt, Labour Migration and Development in Tribal Western India." Journal of Development Studies 38, no. 5 (2002): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322511.

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Paul, Anju Mary. "Book Review: Migrants for export: How the Philippine state brokers labor to the world." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 53, no. 1 (2012): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715211429180.

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Sallaz, Jeffrey J. "Book Review: Migrants for Export: How the Philippine State Brokers Labor to the World." Work and Occupations 38, no. 2 (2011): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888410397916.

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Sohani, Shrihari Suresh, and Biju Varkkey. "Social Issues in Labour Supply Chain: Broker Imposed Servitude of Indian Immigrant Technology Work." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (2016): 11012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.11012abstract.

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47

Jaroszewska, Joanna, and Robert Pietrzykowski. "Convergence of the Labour Productivity in European Union Agriculture." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 4 (2017): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.4.88.

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The objective of the paper is to examine the changes in the level of diversification of the labour productivity in the European Union countries in the years 1998-2015, and then to determine whether there is any convergence of the labour productivity among these countries. The labour productivity has been calculated as a relation of the gross value added at constant prices per one full-time employee. The study used the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) and the Agricultural Labour Input (ALI). The study covered the European Union countries, broken down by the countries of the „old” EU (EU-
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48

Ing, Tan Miau. "A Chinese Labour Broker in Malaya: Lee Kwai Lim and his Kam Lun Tai Company." Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 90, no. 2 (2017): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ras.2017.0020.

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Okunishi, Yoshio, and Tetsu Sano. "Labor Markets of Japanese-Descended Workers and Foreign Trainees in Japan." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4, no. 2-3 (1995): 387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689500400211.

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In the early 1990s, the inflow of two types of legal foreign workers, descendants of Japanese emigrants and foreign trainees, increased substantially, although the increase in the number of illegal workers was even greater. Exploitation of those in the first category has occurred partly because of inadequate information and illegal brokers but the structural cause is wage inequality between sending and receiving countries. Foreign trainees are often seen as disguised cheap labor which constitutes on important element in the survival strategies of Japanese corporations in the global economy. An
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Zieger, Robert H. "Walmart and the broken narrative of US labor history." Labor History 52, no. 4 (2011): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0023656x.2011.632517.

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