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Journal articles on the topic 'Labour input'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Simonov, O. A., Ekaterina Olegovna Simonova, and V. A. Malchevskiy. "Ways to reduce the labor intensiveness of applying the method of optical estimation of microbial cell concentration in suspension." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 67, no. 8 (2022): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-8-476-479.

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The labor intensity (in hours) of the optical method of microbial cell counting in suspension compared to the method of microbial cell counting using a Goryaev chamber is evaluated. The relevance of assessing the production labor intensity of microbial cell counting methods in suspension is related to the need to use them in many studies. Often the commonly used methods are too labour-intensive, time-consuming, or require expensive equipment. A comparative experiment was carried out with our previously developed “Method for optical estimation of microbial cell concentration in suspension” (Pri

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2

Davidova, Sophia, Nathalie Hostiou, Maria Alebaki, et al. "What Does Ecological Farming Mean for Farm Labour?" EuroChoices 21, no. 3 (2022): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12366.

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Ecological farming, such as organic and low-input farming, is gaining popularity in the public discourse. One question is how this type of farming may impact farm labour from a socio- economic point of view. The article first discusses how low-input farming practices (i.e. with lower reliance on inputs derived from fossil fuels) may affect the economic returns to labour, measured as the farm’s revenue per hour of labour input, on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2004-2015 for four European countries. Returns to labour appear to be highest at the two extremes –

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3

Wijaya, Rizki Aprilian, Rikrik Rahadian, and Tenny Apriliani. "ANALISIS PERAN KELEMBAGAAN PENYEDIA INPUT PRODUKSI DAN TENAGA KERJA DALAM USAHA TAMBAK GARAM." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 9, no. 1 (2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v9i1.32.

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Tulisan ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis peran kelembagaan penyediaan sarana input produksi dan tenaga kerja pada usaha tambak garam skala tradisional di Kabupaten Sumenep dan Jeneponto. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode survei melalui wawancara kepada 80 orang petambak garam dan wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview)kepada delapan orang informan kunci.Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi silang. Hasil kajian menunjukan kelembagaan penyedia input produksi lebih berperan dalam pen

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Ferris, C. P., C. S. Mayne, J. P. Frost, R. C. Binnie, and M. A. McCoy. "A comparison of once- versus twice-daily milking on performance of late lactation dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011844.

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Labour constitutes a major and increasing cost on dairy farms, while at the same time, the availability of skilled labour is decreasing. In addition, younger farmers are placing an increasing emphasis on lifestyle. Consequently, there is an increased interest in milk production systems involving reduced labour inputs. In view of the fact that approximately 33% (O’Brien et al., 2002) of the daily labour input on dairy farms is associated with the milking routine (herding, milking and washing), the adoption of once daily milking would appear to offer considerable potential to reduce labour input

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Cole-Arnal, Oscar L. "The Prairie labour churches: The Methodist input." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 34, no. 1 (2005): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980503400101.

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This article takes a new look at five major social gospel leaders and their controversial connections with the labour churches associated with the Winnipeg General Strike. Over against the view posited by Richard Allen's seminal book The Social Passion that these "radicals" marginalized themselves within their Methodist Church, this study proposes that important persons and institutions within the Methodist Church pushed these five figures to the margins of the church to the point that four of them left the church, whereas the fifth Salem Bland, lost his position as a seminary professor becaus

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Sharma, Shruti. "Heterogeneity of imported intermediate inputs and labour: evidence from India’s input tariff liberalization." Applied Economics 50, no. 11 (2017): 1171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1355541.

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7

Wang, Ying, Shudong Zhou, and Guanghui Jiang. "Can the Application of Environmentally Friendly Fertilisers Reduce Agricultural Labour Input? Empirical Evidence from Peanut Farmers in China." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042989.

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Environmentally friendly fertilisers (EFFs) can improve the quality of cultivated land, purify the soil environment, and promote reduction in the amounts of fertiliser applied by improving efficiency. However, few studies have analysed the spillover effects of EFF applications on agricultural labour inputs. Hence, this study discusses the impact of EFFs on agricultural labour input, using the propensity score matching method based on the micro-survey data of peanut growers in the main producing areas in China. The results showed that EFFs have a labour-saving advantage, with a significant aver

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Anyanwu, Sixtus Onwukwe. "Factors influencing local production of rice (Oryza sativa) in Abakiliki L. G. A. of Ebonyi State, Nigeria." African Journal of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/ajbcps.v1i1.210.

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This study in Abakiliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State examined factors influencing the output of local rice. A research survey design was used for the study and fifty (50) local rice farmers were randomly selected from 17 different communities in Abakaliki LGA. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were employed in the data analysis. Results showed that most of the rice farmers sampled were of their active age with an average of 35 years. The respondents possessed one educational qualification or the other. The Size of the farm, labour input, capital inputs, and cost of seeds exerted signific

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Cassar, Ian P., and Adrian Theuma. "Analysis of Input (Supply) Multipliers for the Maltese Economy on the Basis of the SIOTs for 2010 and 2015." Applied Economics and Finance 9, no. 3 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v9i3.5637.

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The goal of this study is to present and assess estimates of input (supply) multipliers within the context of the Maltese economy to identify in which economic sectors it is the most beneficial to allocate primary resources with the aim to support economic growth. Via the application of the Ghoshian Supply-Driven Model, this study presents the first highly disaggregated input (supply) multiplier estimates for the Maltese economy based on the 2010 and 2015 Symmetric Input-Output Tables. This study also includes a comparative analysis between the years 2010 and 2015 to assess changes in the inpu

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Fedoseev, S. A., and D. L. Gorbunov. "Forecasting model municipal labor market." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 22, no. 3 (2022): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr220315.

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The paper considers applied application of the previously proposed system-dynamic model of the economic system consisting of a finite number of elements. Aim. according to the model conception, subjects of the labour market are divided into three categories depending on the value of demand for their labor: subjects of high, low and medium qualification. Materials and metods. The model enables to calculate stable values of the number of subjects with all three qualification categories in each labour market enterprise and among unemployed subjects depending on the input data. A methodology has b

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11

Okompu, ABERJI Davina, ABOJEI John Ofiaju, ADAIGHO Dennis, and EMAZIYE Peter Otunaruke. "Technical Allocation Efficiency of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) Cultivation in Delta State, Nigeria." Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology 17, no. 2 (2025): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2025/v17i29158.

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This study conducted an economic analysis of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) production in Delta State. The research employed a three-stage sampling procedure in choose 175 vegetable farmers. Data was collected primarily through questionnaires, and various statistical methods, including mean, percentage count, frequency, and stochastic frontier function, were utilized. Technical efficiency analysis indicated that various inputs, including labor, capital, and materials, were efficient, while land and pesticides were not. Challenges in this farming sector include input cost fluctuations,

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Tripathi, Amarnath. "Total Factor Productivity Growth in Indian Agriculture." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 4 (2010): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i4.67.

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n this study, time series data has been related to broad agricultural outputs which included farming, livestock, forestry, and fisheries and 3 conventional inputs: labour, land, and capital, to construct an index of total factor productivity (TFP) between 1969-70 to 2005-06. A TFP index is simply the ratio of an output index to an input index. Therefore, growth in TFP is the residual share of output growth after accounting for changes in land, labor, and other conventional agricultural inputs. Changes in TFP can be interpreted as a measure of the collective contribution of non-conventional inp

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Parajuá, Noelia. "Transformations in agriculture, stockbreeding, forestry and fishing within the Spanish agri-food system (1980-2016)." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 88 (November 22, 2022): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.088e04p.

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This paper examines the evolution of agriculture, stockbreeding, forestry and fishing (ASFF) within the Spanish agri-food system for 1980-2016. It adopts a socio-economic approach based on data from the input-output framework of Spanish National Accounting of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística [National Statistics Institute]. I examine the series on value added, labour and supply for the activities and products involved in the agri-food system, and calculate their intermediate input and use structures in 1980 and 2015. The results show the continuous reductions in the share of ASFF’s value

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14

Shivam, Shivam, Megha Goyal, Suman Ghalawat, Joginder Singh Malik, and Kautilya Chaudhary. "Resource Use Efficiency and Marginal Productivity of Potato Cultivation in Haryana." Indian Journal of Extension Education 61, no. 3 (2025): 142–46. https://doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2025.613rn07.

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The study conducted in 2024 aimed to analyse the efficiency of resource utilisation and the marginal value productivity (MVP) of inputs in potato farming across three prominent districts of Haryana–Sonipat, Karnal, and Kurukshetra. A sample of 120 farmers cultivating potatoes was chosen through convenience sampling. To evaluate the impact of various inputs on yield variation, the Cobb-Douglas production function was applied to estimate the respective regression coefficients. Marginal Value Productivities were derived and compared with Marginal Factor Cost (MFC), taken as unity due to monetary

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N, Nivetha, Thilagavathi M, Karthick V, Selvanayaki S, and Pangayar Selvi R. "A Comparative Economic Analysis of Resource Use Efficiency between Insured and Non-Insured Sugarcane Farms in Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 9 (2024): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i92393.

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This study analysed the resource use efficiency among the insured and non-insured sugarcane farms in Kallakurichi district in Tamil Nadu, India. The research aimed to inform policy decisions and extension programs for improving productivity and sustainability in the sugarcane sector. Multistage Purposive sampling method was used by which 120 farmers (60 insured and 60 non-insured) were selected from Rishivandiyam and Thirukovillur block. Cobb-Douglas Production function was used to calculate the resource use efficiency using the ratio of Marginal Value Product (MVP) to Marginal Factor Cost (MF

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16

Nagubadi, Rao V., and Daowei Zhang. "Production structure and input substitution in Canadian sawmill and wood preservation industry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 11 (2006): 3007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-187.

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We use a translog cost function to analyze the sawmill and wood-preservation industry in Canada from 1958 to 2003. The estimated cost function is homothetic and Hicks neutral. Allen elasticities of substitution indicate that significant substitution possibilities exist. According to Morishima elasticities of substitution, substitution of labour by other inputs is easier than the substitution of other inputs by labour, and substitution of other inputs by materials is easier than the substitution of materials by other inputs. The demand for production labour, nonproduction labour, and electric p

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17

Alabi, Olugbenga Omotayo,, Jeremiah Samuel, Aluwong, Paul Akinwumi, Atteh, et al. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTION AMONG SMALLSCALE WOMEN FARMERS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA." Food & Agribusiness Management 5, no. 1 (2024): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.26480/fabm.01.2024.11.18.

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This study evaluated economic efficiency of rice production among smallscale women farmers in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 100 smallscale women rice farmers. Primary data were collected with the aid of well-designed and well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting technique, financial analysis, Stochastic production frontier efficiency model, and Tobit dichotomous regression model. The results show that 88% of women rice farmers were less than 50 years of age. The mean age was 44 years.

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18

Dey-Chowdhury, Sumit, and Peter Goodridge. "Quality-adjusted labour input: estimates for 1996 to 2006." Economic & Labour Market Review 1, no. 12 (2007): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.elmr.1410187.

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19

Goodridge, Peter. "Quality-adjusted labour input: estimates for 1997 to 2007." Economic & Labour Market Review 3, no. 1 (2009): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2009.10.

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20

Pemberton, James. "Union responses to changes in non-labour input prices." Economics Letters 30, no. 2 (1989): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(89)90059-1.

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21

Ramli, Norlee, Oswatun Samat, Mohd Khairi Ismail, and Nor Shuhada Ahmad Shaupi. "Analysis of Production Factors for The Rubber Smallholder Sector in Malaysia." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business 9, no. 1 (2021): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17687/jeb.v9i1.419.

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The production of natural rubber in Malaysia is primarily dominated by smallholders representing almost 95% of the total rubber plantation, while commercial estates constitute the remainder. The natural rubber industry is an integral part of the Malaysian economy, with 2.6% of with the total contribution of exports valued at more than RM20 billion annually. Therefore, the three key inputs that affect the productivity of smallholders in all states throughout Malaysia should be critically explored There is limited literature on the production of rubber by smallholders. The labour consumption, la

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22

Lelchumanan, Bawani. "An Input-Output Analysis for Manpower Requirements: Prospect of Malaysia's Construction Sector." Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics (MJBE) 6, no. 1 (2019): 1. https://doi.org/10.51200/mjbe.v0i0.1197.

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Abstract Manpower planning determined in the process of estimating or projecting the number of labour required for a particular period in the selected sectors or projects in the chosen country. This article presents an exhaustive review of manpower requirements in the construction sector for the year 2020 in Malaysia, in the line with issues arising in Malaysia's construction sector. Using the Input-Output table, the forecast of manpower planning based on the data of four selected construction subsectors in Malaysia, mainly residential building, non-residential building, civil engineering and

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23

Flaig, Gebhard. "Demand Uncertainty and Labour Input in a Bivariate ARCH-M Model." Recherches économiques de Louvain 58, no. 3-4 (1992): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800044067.

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SummaryThis paper analyses the impact of input uncertainty on labour demand. An ARCH-M model is incorporated into an error-correction framework which allows to model both short- and long-run labour demand. The conditional variance of unexpected output changes serves as a proxy for demand uncertainty. The output and employment equations are estimated simultaneously for the West-German manufacturing sector.

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Shahida, Akhtar. "TO STUDY THE FACTORS THAT IS ENCOURAGING THE CHILD LABOUR IN BARAMULLA DISTRICT OF J&K." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 6 (2017): 578–607. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.824027.

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Research into the topic of child labour has experienced a significant upswing in the past two decades. Yet despite this increased attention, child labour remains a significant problem in many parts of the world. According to recent estimates by the International Labor Organization (ILO), there were approximately 176 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 in employment in 2008, of which roughly 53 million were participating in hazardous work (Diallo et al., 2010). A common perception is that most child labourers work for wages in the formal sector, conjuring images of children working lo

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Kidane, Asmerom, Esther William Dungumaro, Anita Lee, and Teh Wei Hu. "Women Tobacco Farmers in Tanzania: Comparing Actual and Potential Earnings." Utafiti 12, no. 1-2 (2017): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-0120102006.

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This study attempts to measure women tobacco farmers’ labour input in Tanzania. A comparison is made with two other crops - maize and vegetables. For the coffee production cycle, women farmers’ output share was estimated to be 1.97 million Tanzanian shillings. Assuming alternative employment were available at a minimum wage, women tobacco farmers would earn 5.7 million Tanzanian shillings, almost a three fold increase if they did work other than farm tobacco. Besides this, 72.58% of total women’s labour for the period was earmarked for tobacco growing, while only 35.58% of total earnings are g

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Vahedi, Adel. "Evaluation of energy flow in dairy cattle farms (Case study Tehran province, Iran)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, no. 02 (2024): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02.001.

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The world’s population and food consumption are increasing drastically while natural resources are decreasing. In particular, energy use is an important component of reaching sustainability in agricultural production processes because of its shortage as resource. Animal husbandry is one of the important subsectors of agriculture. Reducing energy inputs and enhancing energy use efficiency (EUE) are essential to ensure energy security and long-term sustainability of dairy cattle farms. The objectives of this study were to assess and compare energy flowin terms of energy input and output, yield,

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Aziza, Dila Nurul, Edy Prasetyo, and Agus Setiadi. "Analisis Efisiensi Ekonomis Penggunaan Input Produksi pada Usahatani Bawang Merah di Kecamatan Selo Kabupaten Boyolali." Jurnal Litbang: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan dan IPTEK 18, no. 2 (2022): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33658/jl.v18i2.311.

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ENGLISHThe success of red onion farming is basically determined by the amount of income, risk and also the level of economic efficiency achieved. Economic efficiency is a situation where resources are distributed in the most efficient way. This study aims to analyze the influence of production inputs to the production of red onion and analyze levels of production inputs in the technical and economic efficiency of red onion farming in Selo district. Research has been done in Selo district by survey method. The two stage cluster random sampling technique was employed for this study. The number o

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Li Dewhurst, J. H. "Intensive Income in Demo-Economic input-output Models." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 22, no. 1 (1990): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a220119.

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In this paper, the treatment of intensive income in extended input-output models of a ‘demo-economic’ nature is discussed. In the first section of the paper a model is presented that allows for intensive, extensive, redistributive, and exogenous income changes in response to an increase in exogenous final demand for the output of an economy. It is shown that use of Blackwell's method of estimating intensive and extensive income changes in such a model implies a particular growth path for average earnings. In the second section the possibility of intensive income changes arising from increased

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F., I. Mulani R.D. Shelke S.H. Kamble. "COST, RETURNS, PROFITABILITY AND MARKETING OF TURMERIC IN SANGLI DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA,INDIA." MULTILOGIC IN SCIENCE XIII, no. XXXXVI (2023): 587–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7788920.

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The current study was designed to assess the input use, cost structure, and return on investment in the turmeric production of the Sangli district of Maharashtra, India. In the current study, 96 turmeric farmers were chosen from the study area to examine the input use, cost structure, and returns in turmeric growers' production and marketing in 2020-21. The current study was conducted in the Sangli district of Maharashtra. Cost-A was ₹ 184469.86 and Cost-B was ₹ 261977.78, for a total cost per hectare of ₹ 293333.28 for turmeric. The output-input ratio was 1.26, showing that the turmeric p

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30

Singh, B. K., and J. C. Nautiyal. "A comparison of observed and long-run productivity of and demand for inputs in the Canadian lumber industry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 3 (1986): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-081.

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An interrelated factor demand approach was used to study the long-term productivity of and demand for inputs in the Canadian lumber industry covering the period of 1955 to 1982. The long-run, least-cost amounts of labour, capital, roundwood, and energy were obtained by imbedding a cross-stock adjustment process in the share equations of the translog cost function. These least-cost amounts, from which the short-run adjustments were removed, were then used to obtain the long-run productivity of each input. The percentage deviations of the observed amounts of each input from their least-cost leve

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Bragoudakis, Zacharias, Evangelia Kasimati, Christos Pierros, Nikolaos Rodousakis, and George Soklis. "Measuring Productivities for the 38 OECD Member Countries: An Input-Output Modelling Approach." Mathematics 10, no. 13 (2022): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10132332.

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Using a multisectoral model and the latest data from the OECD Input-Output Tables (IOTs-2021 ed.), this article estimates labour and capital productivities of the 38 OECD member countries. As measures of the productivity of labour, we consider the inverse of the vertically integrated labour coefficients, while Perron–Frobenius theorems are employed so as to measure capital productivity. In this respect, the productive technologies and the intersectoral relationships of each economy are taken into account. We further investigate the relationship between productivity, economic efficiency and liv

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Chishti, Salim, and Fakhre Mahmood. "The Energy Demand in the Industrial Sector of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 1 (1991): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i1pp.83-88.

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the role of energy in the manufaCblring sector of Pakistan. The translog cost function alongwith the input demand equations corresponding to enel'kY, capital, and labour have been estimated, using Zellner's iterative procedure. Time trend has been included in the cost equation in view of the low Durbin-Watson statistics. The results justify the inclusion of energy as a separate factor of production. Price elasticities and Allen-Uzawa partial substitution elasticities have been estimated. Own price elasticities indicate a rather inelastic demand fOl" inpu

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Turvey, Alex, Peter Goodridge, and Mark Franklin. "Quality‐adjusted labour input: new estimates for 1993 to 2008." Economic & Labour Market Review 4, no. 10 (2010): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/elmr.2010.146.

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Becker, H. "LABOUR INPUT DECISIONS OF SUBSISTENCE FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTHERN MALAWI." Journal of Agricultural Economics 41, no. 2 (1990): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1990.tb00632.x.

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Nurhapsa, Nurhapsa, Andi Nuddin, Suherman Suherman, and Betrixia Barbara. "Is Input Utilization Inelastic to Coffee Production." International Journal of Agriculture System 8, no. 1 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v8i1.2291.

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The agricultural sector is one of the important sectors for the Indonesian economy. Coffee is one of the commodities produced from the plantation sub-sector included in the agricultural sector which also contributes greatly to the Indonesia economy, especially as a source of foreign exchange, employment and income sources as well as other economic actors. This study aims to determine whether the factors of land area production, number of productive trees, farming costs and labour used by coffee farmers are elastic or inelastic to coffee production. Samples were taken as many as 400 coffee farm

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Alemu, Ferede Mengistie, Yismaw Ayelign Mengistu, and Asmamaw Getnet Wassie. "Factor productivity impacts of climate change and estimating the technical efficiency of cereal crop yields: Evidence from sub-Saharan African countries." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (2024): e0310989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310989.

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The world aims to ensure environmental sustainability and consolidate agricultural factor productivity, yet the excruciating impact of climate change coincides and remains a persistent threat. Therefore, the study aims to estimate the technical efficiency of cereal crop yields and investigate the impacts of climate change on agricultural factor productivity. For this purpose, panel data from 35 sub-Saharan African countries between 2005 and 2020 was employed. For analysis, the pooled OLS and stochastic frontier models were employed. The results revealed that in the region, the average efficien

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Parzonko, Andrzej, and Piotr Bórawski. "Competitiveness of Polish dairy farms in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 4 (2020): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/254/2019-agricecon.

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This article analyses the competitiveness of dairy farms in Poland in relation to selected EU countries. The competitive advantage of dairy farms was evaluated and compared based on remuneration for family labour. Two variants of the above indicator were calculated: (1) Remuneration for family labour (FL1) as the relationship between farm net income and the farmer’s unpaid labour input, and (2) Remuneration for family labour (FL2) as the relationship between farm net income minus the opportunity costs of own land and capital to the farmer’s unpaid labour input. The calculations were performed

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Schreyer, Paul. "International Comparisons of Levels of Capital Input and Multi-Factor Productivity." German Economic Review 8, no. 2 (2007): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2007.00406.x.

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Abstract The paper uses a method by Christensen et al. to construct crosscountry comparisons of the levels of capital input, capital and labour productivity and multi-factor productivity. These results are used to decompose international differences in gross domestic product per capita into differences in labour utilization, information and communication technology (ICT) and non-ICT capital intensity and multi-factor productivity for seven Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. We provide Monte Carlo estimates to examine the effects of measurement errors in the base

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Pol, Satyam. "Farmers Heaven: A Digital Platform to Access Agricultural Inputs and Connect with Farm Labour." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 5295–97. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.69513.

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Abstract: Agriculture forms the foundation of livelihoods for millions, especially in rural areas. However, farmers frequently face challenges such as limited access to quality farming inputs, reliance on distant markets, and difficulties in hiring labour. “Farmers Heaven” is a smart and user-centric digital platform that addresses these gaps by providing two core services: an online agricultural input marketplace and a labour-hiring system. The marketplace enables farmers to browse, compare, and purchase vital resources such as certified seeds, seedlings, fertilizers, and tools from multiple

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Run, Yuan, Yangshunzi Sun, and Dianshuang Wang. "Rural Development Policy, Agricultural Producer Services and Wage Disparities in the Context of Developing Economies." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 21, no. 2 (2024): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2024/v21i2773.

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In developing countries, due to the predominance of marginal and small farmers leads to agriculture practices on small and fragmented plots of land where access and usage to modern farm equipment and implements is hampered. Agricultural producer service sector that acts as an intermediate sector facilitates this process. We build three-sector general equilibrium models to delineate this process: parts of manufacturing goods are utilized by the service sector, the outputs of which are intermediate inputs that could substitute labor in agriculture. We explore the impact of labour market distorti

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Kakoty, Anitabh, and Ratan Kaurinta. "Effect of Labour Productivity on Overall Tea Productivity in case of Small Tea Growers: A Study of Golaghat District in Assam." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 4 (2022): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.4.1517.

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The contribution of labour is vital in a labour-intensive production organization. The continuous growth of the farm is ensured by the labours participation. In recent years, the tea industry is facing an unexpected situation of labour supply which can be considered the problem due to changing dynamics. The emergence of small tea growers in place of an earlier form of large estates in the tea growing district of Assam seems to be prominent and a significant supplier of green leaves. It is observed that, it is over 23000 registered small tea growers under Tea Board of Indiathose who are by defi

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Ajibare, Dolapo Benjamin, Luka Anthony, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Victor Obinna Njoku, Christiana Amarachi Ukaoha, and Oladayo Daniel Oluleye. "Resource Use Efficiency and Profitability Analysis of Tomato Production (Lycopersicum Esculetum Species) in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4, no. 5 (2022): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.5.539.

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This study evaluated resource use efficiency and profitability analysis of tomato production in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: determine the socio-economic characteristics of tomato farmers; analyze the cost, returns and profitability of tomato production, evaluate factors influencing output of tomato production, estimate resource use efficiency of tomato production, and identify the constraints facing tomato farmers in the study area. Multi-stage sampling technique was used. Primary data were collected through the use of well-structured questionnaires adm

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Kubik, Renata. "Regionalne zróżnicowanie efektywności ekonomicznej gospodarstw towarowych specjalizujących się w uprawach ogrodniczych." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 109 (April 3, 2015): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2015.109.11.

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To analyze the effectiveness of farms a non-parametric method DEA and financial analysis was used. DEA allows to determine the effectiveness of objects based on multiple inputs and outputs. It does not require functional form of the frontier. The analysis covers commercial farms grouped into the type horticulture (FADN classification) and presented by region. To build the DEA input-orientated model, the following variables were used: output – total output crops and crop production (SE135), inputs – labour input (SE011), total specific costs (SE281), total farming overheads (SE336). To complete

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Algamar, Rommy, and Nyayu Neti Arianti. "ANALISIS PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI ALOKATIF USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA MERAH (Oroechromis Sp) DI DESA D TEGALREJO KECAMATAN TUGUMULYO KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN." Jurnal AGRISEP 12, no. 1 (2013): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.12.1.101-108.

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This study aimed to know: 1) inputs that affect the red tilapia production (output), 2) the allocative efficiency level of the inputs, and 3) the optimum amount of the inputs that must be allocated efficiently. 35 respondents were taken by cencus method. The Cobb Douglass model was used to analyze which factors or inputs such as pond wide, red tilapia fingerlings, feed, manure and labour affect the red tilapia production. The results showed that the pond wide and feed positively affected the red tilapia production, whereasred tilapia fingerlings, manure and labour did not. The inputs allocativ

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Ho, Phuc Trong, Pham Xuan Hung, and Phuong Thi Minh Nguyen. "Estimating profit, input demand and output supply elasticities in rice production: Evidence from Vietnam." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 19, no. 4 (2024): 369–85. https://doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2024.19(4).22.

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Understanding rice farmers’ responses to market prices is essential for policy makers to design effective policies to better manage input demand and rice supply. This paper applies duality theory to derive the elasticities of input demand and output supply for Vietnamese rice production using a translog profit function approach. We simultaneously estimate the translog profit function and its profit share equations using the seemingly unrelated regression method. This research uses primary farm-level data consisting of 918 observations surveyed in Vietnam’s Mekong River Delta. The results indic

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IDI, A. S.1 KYARI M. B.2 BULAMA Y. M.3* IBRAHIM A. I.4. "ECONOMICS OF IRISH POTATO PRODUCTION: A CASE OF SARDAUNA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA." ISRG Journal of Economics, Business & Management (ISRGJEBM) II, no. I (2024): 35–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10598551.

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<em>The study analysed the economics of Irish potato production in Sardauna Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Specifically, described socio-economics characteristics of the farmers, estimated input-output relationship, estimated costs and return, determined the resource - use efficiency and identified the constraints associated with Irish potato production in the study area. Primary data were collected from 60 Irish potato farmers using random sampling technique. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and multiple regression analysis. The result reveale

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Mendel, S. A., and E. A. Berseneva. "Functional matrix of administrative processes in medical organizations and expert assessment of their labor input." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 1 (2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-67.

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Aim. To assess the complexity of administrative-economic (auxiliary) business-processes in a medical organization based on functional work matrices. Methods. Using the process approach, the composition of auxiliary business-processes of a medical organization was determined and functional matrices were developed. These included the designation of the work (of the components of the process), the frequency, and the performers of the process. The assessment of the complexity of processes and the components (of the work) was carried out using expert methods and a method of functional-cost an

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Paudyal, Ramjee Prasad. "Labour Productivity in the Manufacturing Enterprises of Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 27, no. 1-2 (2010): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v27i1-2.26395.

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The manufacturing public enterprises have now begun to realize the significance of enhancing labour productivity with the emerging environment of competition and liberalization. The ever-growing process of globalization, the open-door policy to imports, and the obvious shift to buyer's market have thrown new demands and challenges on these enterprises. Given these opportunities and challenges provided by the emerging realities, the enterprises have now to match markets with products and other corporate resources more effectively and efficiently to strengthen their competitive advantage. In the

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Anthony, R., K. Suseela, K. S. R. Paul, and D. Ramesh. "Challenges Faced by the Paddy Farmers during COVID-19 Regime in Andhra Pradesh." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 7 (2023): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i71953.

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Rice is the main food for about 800 million people in India, which constitutes about 65% of its population. The unexpected imposition of lockdown with very little preparation obstructed farming and the food systems in numerous different ways. Rice was majorly affected by the restrictions during COVID-19; hence the present study was designed. A multistage sampling design was adopted the for selection of the sample. Garrett’s ranking method was used to prioritize challenges and the results revealed high input cost, high wage rate of labour, high transportation cost, and non-availability of farm

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Madhavi, Pratyoosh, Binayak Choudhury, and Amit Chatterjee. "Evidence of Input Sharing and Labour Pooling in an Automobile Cluster of Central India." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 5, no. 4 (2022): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v5i4.958.

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Literature on agglomeration economies firmly establishes the trinity of Input sharing, Labour pooling, and Knowledge spillover, originally conceived by Alfred Marshal, as the foundation of any industrial agglomeration or cluster. Acknowledging the rationale of the trinity, this paper documents the pieces of evidence of Input sharing and Labour pooling in a planned automobile cluster of Pithampur, a backward region of the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. The development of the automobile cluster has transformed Pithampur from a bunch of villages to an automobile hub of central India. Knowledge

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