Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lac insects

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Lac insects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Lac insects"

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Rostaman, Rostaman, and Bambang Sugeng Suryatna. "Evaluasi Produktivitas Kutu Lak, Laccifer lacca Kerr. (Hemiptera: Kerridae) pada Tiga Jenis Tanaman Inang." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 6, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.6.2.70.

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Lac insects (Laccifer lacca Kerr) live parasitically on “kosambi” plants, and produce resins that are called lac. Lac are used for electronics, printing, textile, clothing, cosmetics, and food industry. The insects also live on various plants. The goal of this research was to evaluate the population quality of Lac insect that live on three host plants. The best parameter for population quality was biomass or lac production. Three host plants were inoculated by broods. The result showed that “kosambi” was the best host plant for the insect due to higher biomass (i.e lac production) than “kabesak putih” and “kabesak hitam” plants.
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Sajeev, T. V., S. Muthukumar, JithuK Krishnan, K. Thamilarasi, A. Mohanasundaram, and Vaibhav Lohot. "First report of two insects, Megachile sp. and Armadillidium sp., as new pests on Flemingia spp. In Thrissur, Kerala." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 8, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2023.v08.i06.013.

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A project entitled "Conservation of Lac Insect Genetic Resources" is underway at the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) at Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, India. This project includes the maintenance of both a lac insect gene bank and a lac insect host plant gene bank. Two types of host plants, Flemingia semialata (F. semialata) and Flemingia macrophylla (F. macrophylla), are cultivated to support the lac insect, Kerria spp. In the month of May, it was observed that Megachile bees were cutting the leaves of F. semialata and using them to construct nests. Roly-poly (Armadillidium spp) insects were also found affecting the young leaves of seedlings of F. semialata and F. macrophylla at KFRI. These two insects, Megachile and Armadillidium, are newly reported for the first time on the plants of F. semialata and F. macrophylla in Kerala.
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Patel, Sahab Kumar, Moni Thomas, Gopilal Anjana, Satyendra Thakur, Deep Kumar Pahalwan, Manish Bhan, Alok Bajpai, Anil Kumar Singh, and Niraj Tripathi. "Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stress on Survival of Lac Insects Kerria lacca Kerr. on Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (November 29, 2023): 3905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113571.

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Cajanus cajan is generally grown in rainfed condition. The crop is also a good annual host plant of lac insect. C. cajan is widely reported to have biotic stress due to insect pests on it. Lac insect is phloem sap feeder and hence imparts biotic stress. The present field study was conducted to evaluate the percent survival of lac insects on C. cajan by adjusting different levels of biotic and abiotic stress on the host plant. The biotic stress due to insect pests on C. cajan was minimised with periodic spray of contact insecticides. The varying level of biotic stress i.e., No, Low, Medium, and High level was maintained on C. cajan plants with lac insects on it. The three levels of abiotic stress in this experiment were considered in terms of soil moisture stress. It was managed through irrigation per plant through drip system, it was considered that creating different levels of moisture stress in soil will impact the host plant. The abiotic stress was of three levels i.e., Low, Medium, and High. The result reveals that survival percent of Lac insect from brood lac inoculation to the harvest of lac crop was highest 37.52 percent on C. cajan with one primary branch and its secondary branches with lac insect (L1- Low biotic stress). It was 32.13 percent (W3- Low soil moisture stress). The study indicates that biotic and abiotic stress play a major role in the survival of K. lacca.
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Ramani, R., and K. Sharma. "Record of natural infestation of the Indian Lac Insect, Erria Lacca (Kerr) (Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) on Acacia Tortilis (Forsskal) Hayne and Calliandra Surinamensis Benth." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-lf2jlk.

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The Indian lac insect Kerria lacca (Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) is a beneficial insect, exploited commercially for lac, from which economically important resin, dye and wax are obtained. Natural infestations of this species have been recorded on two hitherto unreported host plants, Acacia tortilis (Forsskal) Hayne and Calliandra surinamensis Benth. Both species belong to Fabaceae, the family which comprises of about one-thirds of reported lac host species. Fairly large populations of the lac insects of good density have been observed on these hosts, indicative of good survival of the lac insect. The plant characteristics have also been discussed for their suitability from lac cultivation stand point.
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Wang, Weiwei, Pengfei Liu, Qin Lu, Xiaofei Ling, Jinwen Zhang, Ming-Shun Chen, Hang Chen, and Xiaoming Chen. "Potential Pathways and Genes Involved in Lac Synthesis and Secretion in Kerria chinensis (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) Based on Transcriptomic Analyses." Insects 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10120430.

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Lac is a type of natural resin secreted by lac insects and is widely used in the military and other industries because of its excellent adhesion and insulation properties. The main ingredients of lac are lactones and lactides, which are formed from hydroxy fatty acids and sesquiterpene esters. In this study, we measured lac secretion rates by the insect Kerria chinensis at different developmental stages and identified lac secretion-minimum and lac secretion-active stages of the insect. We then analyzed transcriptomes of lac secretion-minimum and lac secretion-active stages of the insect. Based on expression profiles of genes in different stages of the insect, we identified pathways and genes that are potentially involved in lac synthesis and secretion in K. chinensis. Our study lays a foundation for future studies to reveal the molecular mechanisms and pathways of lac synthesis and secretion in this beneficial insect.
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Verma, Sweta, Ranganathan Ramani, Ramesh Chandra, and Hemant Kumar. "CULTURABLE ENDOSYMBIOTIC BACTERIA FROM THE INDIAN LAC INSECT, KERRIA LACCA (KERR)." Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59465/ijfr.2024.11.1.33-45.

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The Indian lac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr) (Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) is a commercially important phytosuccivorous and sessile scale insect. Lac insects are cultured on suitable host plants in India and some Southeast Asian countries to produce lac. The lac insect harbours a number of endosymbionts. Isolation of culturable microbial endosymbionts and their identification through 16S rRNA has revealed sex and host-related differences of microbial species. Bacillus boroniphilus, Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus sp. were found only in the lac insects reared on the plant host Cajanus cajan, whereas Bacillus firmus, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Bacillus horneckiae and Bacillus velezensis were recorded only from Flemingia macrophylla. B. firmus and L. xylanilyticus were female-specific and B. horneckiae and B. velezensis were male-specific with Flemingia macrophylla as host; E. cloacae was female-specific and Bacillus boroniphilus and Staphylococcus sp. were male specific with C. cajan. Biochemical characteristics of the isolates, their genetic relationship with their taxonomic kin and their probable role, based on the information available about these endosymbionts in other hosts, have been studied.
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Ramani, R., K. Sharma, and P. Kumar. "A new record of occurrence of indian lac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr) (Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) on Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. (Euphorbiaceae)." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-2qh9x6.

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The Indian lac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr) is an economically important insect, which is cultured widely for its products of commerce. Lac insects have been reported to thrive on more than 400 plant species. Occurrence of K. lacca on Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia), an ornamental plant has been reported for the first time. The infestation level on this plant species is indicative of its potential as an economic host for lac culture for summer crop.
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Bashir, Nawaz Haider, Huanhuan Chen, Shahzad Munir, Weiwei Wang, Hang Chen, Yong-Kang Sima, and Jiandong An. "Unraveling the Role of Lac Insects in Providing Natural Industrial Products." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121117.

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In the current era, products made from organic materials enjoy a privileged position because of their inherent safety. The eco-friendly properties of natural lac resins have increased their demand in many industries. It is secreted by sucking insects (Hemiptera, Kerriidae) and comprises three major components, viz., resin, dye, and wax. Lac insects are generally bivoltine in nature and are distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions with complex multi-trophic habitats. Because of their sedentary habits, lac insects are more vulnerable to predators, parasitoids, squirrels, and rats, leading to a more than 50% reduction in production yield. To increase lac production, advanced-level molecular research is required to figure out the mechanism behind lac synthesis and secretion to improve lac yield and quality. The present review highlights metamorphosis, sexual dimorphism, multi-trophic habitat, host plants, and natural enemies of lac insects, lac composition, and applications, emphasizing the role of microbes, potential lac genes, and lac synthesis mechanisms in enhancing lac quality and production. The information provided here might be useful for lac researchers and for stakeholders aiming to make their products more eco-friendly.
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Lokeshwari, R. K., and T. Shantibala. "A Review on the Fascinating World of Insect Resources: Reason for Thoughts." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/207570.

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Insect resources are vast and diverse due to their enormous diversity. The exploitation and utilization of insect resources is broadly classified into four different categories. The first category is the insects of industrial resources. This level includes the utilization of silk worm, honeybee, lac insect, dye insect, and aesthetic insect. The second category is the utilization of insects for edible and therapeutic purposes. Insects are high in protein and many are rich sources of vitamins and minerals. The third category is the use of insects in forensic investigation. By analyzing the stages of succession of insects at first, rough estimation of the postmortem intervals can be done. The fourth category is the insects of ecological importance. Many insect species act as potential predators and parasites of destructive pests of insect order Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera. Insects are also used as bioindicator to assess the cumulative effects of environmental stressors such as pollutants. Despites these fascinating benefits, insect resources are often neglected in India due to lack of proper documentation, less expertise, and advance enterprises in these fields. Hence, the paper reviews the different fascinating facets of insect resources in order to explore and utilize it in a sustainable way with reference to Indian region.
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Ghosal, S., K. Sharma, A. Bhattacharya, and K. Kumar. "Broodlac and sticklac yield as affected by site of inoculation, shoot length coverage and irrigation levels." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 9, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2002): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2002-rl099w.

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Flemingia semialata is an important bushy lac-host plant which is utilised, in alternation with other lac-hosts for lac cultivation during rainy season. However, plant and lac insect mortality due to stress of heavy inoculation and lack of irrigation is a common problem in bushy lac-hosts which not only adversely affects the production of raw lac but also the quality of broodlac. Studies on effect of site of inoculation, percentage shoot length coverage and different levels of irrigation revealed that all the plants inoculated at lower part and 57.2% of the plants inoculated at upper part did not yield lac and the middle portion of one year old stalk was preferred by the lac insect for settlement. Average broodlac (63.5 g) and sticklac (33.0 g) yield was maximum in the middle inoculated plant. 40% coverage of inoculable shoot length gave maximum returns for broodlac cultivation, though, sticklac yield increased with increase in shoot coverage up to 80%. Irrigation of crop at regular intervals improved the quality of the broodlac. Number of lac larvae emerging from 10 g of broodlac cultured on daily irrigated plants covered 91.8 cm shoot in comparison to 35.4 cm covered by lac larvae emerging from broodlac obtained from un-irrigated plants. Survival of female lac insects till crop maturity also increased from 23.1% in control to 65.5% in daily irrigated plants.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lac insects"

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Vargas, Niño Andrea Patricia. "Contatos interindividuais mediando sociabilidade em cupins (Insecta: Isoptera)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3981.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1132906 bytes, checksum: a93062daf5a3019dc7d3ec7505880b65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-22
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os cupins apresentam uma alta complexidade social, onde os indivíduos que compõem uma colonia presentam uma divisão reproductiva do trabalho, na qual muitos indivíduos trabalham a favor de uns poucos que se reproduzem. A evolução dessa alta complexidade social tem sido um tema de pesquisa muito interesante, assim como os comportamentos sociais desses organismos. Entretanto um aspecto chave das mesmas interações sociais tem sido subestimado. Os efeitos do grupo vão mais além das simples vantagens na reprodução, proteção contra predadores ou melhoramento no forrageamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi testar se existe um efeito do tamanho do grupo e da complexidade social, sobre o numero de interações per capita e da sobrevivência dos indivíduos. Foram realizados experimentos no laboratório, empregando operários de 17 colonias de cupins, correspondentes a 6 especies as quais representam uma sequencia filogenética em Isoptera. Foram separados operários de cada colônia em diferentes tamanhos de grupo, e observadas as interações sociais e comportamentos desenvolvidos entre os indivíduos. Posteriormente foi calculada a sobrevivência promedio dos indivíduos em cada tamanho de grupo e correlacionada com los respectivos dados de interações. Finalmente foram comparados os resultados entre as três famílias de térmitas empregadas no presente estúdio. Os resultados obtidos no trabalho corroboram os resultados obtidos em estudos anteriores, onde o efeito do grupo aumenta a sobrevivência de operários de térmitas. Respeito ao incremento no tamanho de grupo, existe uma diminuição no numero de interações per cápita/segundo. A sobrevivência dos indivíduos é afetada pelo tamanho de grupo, mas não pelas interações per cápita/segundo para ninhuma das espécies estudadas. Entretanto existe uma clara tendência no incremento do numero de comportamentos com o incremento do tamanho do grupo e com a complexidade social.
Las termitas presentan una gran complejidad social, donde los indivíduos que componen una colonia presentan una división reproductiva del trabajo, en la cual gran cantidad de indivíduos trabajan a favor de algunos pocos que se reproducen. La evolución de esta alta complejidad social ha sido un tema de investigación muy interesante, asi como los comportamientos sociales de estos organismos. Sin embargo un aspecto clave de las mismas interacciones sociales ha sido subestimado. Los efectos de grupo van mas allá de las simples ventajas en la reproducción, protección contra depredadores o mejoramiento en el forrajeamento. El objetivo del trabajo fue ensayar si existe un efecto del tamaño de grupo y de la complejidad social, sobre el numero de interacciones per capita y sobrevivencia de los indivíduos. Fueron realizados experimentos en laboratório, utilizando obreros de 17 colonias de termitas, correspondientes a 6 especies las cuales representan una secuencia filogenética en Isoptera. Fueron separados obreros de cada colonia en diferentes tamaños de grupo, y observadas las interacciones sociales y comportamientos desarrollados entre los indivíduos. Posteriormente fue calculada la sobrevivência promedio de los indivíduos en cada tamaño de grupo y correlacionada con los respectivos datos de interacciones. Finalmente fueron comparados los resultados entre las tres famílias de termitas empleadas para este estúdio. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo corroboran los resultados obtenidos por estudios anteriores, según los cuales el efecto de grupo aumenta la sobrevivencia de obreros de térmitas. Se encontró que con el incremento en el tamaño de grupo, existe una disminución en el número de interacciones per cápita/segundo. La sobrevivencia de los individuos es afectada por el tamaño de grupo, sin embargo no es afectada por las interacciones per cápita/segundo para ninguna de las especies estudiadas. No obstante existe una clara tendencia en el aumento del número de comportamientos con el incremento del tamaño del grupo y con la complejidad social.
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Sakata, Yuzu. "Temporal dynamics of resistance in an exotic plant Solidago altissima: geographic variation of plant-herbivore interactions in native and invaded range." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215342.

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Moisan-De, Serres Joseph. "Influence du paysage de bleuetières sur les communautés de pollinisateurs indigènes du Lac-St-Jean et évaluation du potentiel de pollinisation des pollinisateurs du bleuet nain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29330/29330.pdf.

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Pinto, Caballero Jesús Antonio. "Identificación de fuentes de alimentación de Panstrongylus Herreri (Hemíptera, Triatominae) mediante una prueba de precipitación, en el distrito de Cajaruro, provincia de Utcubamba, Amazonas - Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/909.

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El presente trabajo, tiene como finalidad identificar las fuentes de alimentación de Panstrongylus herreri procedentes de la localidad de Cajaruro (Utcubamba-Amazonas), donde se señala su presencia en ambientes domésticos y está considerado como vector principal de la Enfermedad de Chagas en el nororiente del Perú. Para ello, se planteó utilizar la prueba de precipitación en tubo capilar conocida como prueba de precipitina, desarrollado en fase líquida; esto nos brinda información acerca del tipo de sangre ingerida por el vector. Para la prueba de precipitación, se empleó como antígeno el contenido intestinal del triatomino y como anticuerpo el antisuero precipitante obtenido de conejos inmunizados con suero de humano, perro, gato, cobayo y pollo. El trabajo consta de dos etapas: en la primera etapa se estandarizó la preparación de antisueros que contenían a los anticuerpos precipitantes, asimismo se utilizó ninfas de Triatoma infestans del IV y V estadío criadas en el laboratorio, las cuales fueron alimentadas con sangre de perro, cobayo y hombre, determinándose el rendimiento de la prueba en cuanto a su sensibilidad y especificidad, y en la segunda etapa se evaluaron ejemplares de Panstrongylus herreri procedentes de dos localidades (El Ron y Hebrón) del distrito de Cajaruro, departamento de Amazonas, a través de la prueba ya estandarizada.
The current work has the finality of identify the feeding sources of Panstrongylus herreri obtained from the location of Cajaruro (Utcubamba-Amazonas) where its presence distinguishes in domestic environments and is considered to be a principal vector of Chagas's disease in the nor east of Peru. For it, we propose to use the test of capillary tube precipitation known as precipitin test, developed in liquid phase; this give to us information over the type of blood consumed by the vector. For the precipitation test, there was used the intestinal content of the triatomine bugs as antigen and as antibody the precipitated antiserum obtained of rabbits immunized with human, dogs, cats, guinea-pigs and chickens serums. The work consists of two stages: In the first stage there was standardized the preparation of antiserums that contains the precipitated antibodies, likewise there was used nymphs of Triatoma infestans of IV and V stages maintained in the laboratory, which were fed with dog, guinea-pig and human blood, resolving the yield of the test as his sensibility and specificity, and in the second stage there were evaluated specimens of Panstrongylus herreri proceeding from two localities (El Ron and Hebrón) from Cajaruro's district, department of Amazonas, through the test already standardized.
Tesis
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Johnson, Jennifer N. "Lack of Rhythmicity in the Honey Bee Queen: An Investigation of Temporal Behavioral Patterns in Apis mellifera ligustica." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1751.

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Little is known about the behavioral patterns of honey bee queens. To determine if mated honey bee queens possess diel rhythmicity in behavior, we observed them in glass-sided observation hives using three types of observation regimes: focal studies consisting of 2-hour and 24-hour continuous observations as well as scan-sampling of multiple queens. All behaviors (active: walking, inspecting, egg-laying, begging for food, feeding, and grooming self; inactive: standing) occurred at all times of day and night, but no queen showed consistent diel rhythmicity in any of the individual behaviors. There were no consistent diel differences in active versus inactive behaviors or the number of bees in the queen's retinue. This arrhythmicity was unchanged despite daily changes in both light and temperature levels. The arrhythmic behavior observed by most of the honey bee queens inside the colony appears to be similar to that exhibited by worker bees before they initiate foraging behavior.
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Sarmiento-Ponce, Edith Julieta. "An analysis of phonotactic behaviour in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290108.

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This thesis represents a comprehensive examination of the phonotactic behaviour (i.e. attraction to sound) of the female Gryllus bimaculatus under laboratory conditions. Chapter 2 is the first study to analyze the effect of substrate texture on walking performance in crickets. Substrate texture is found to play an essential role in the phonotactic responses of G. bimaculatus. Smooth substrate texture has a detrimental effect due to slipping, whereas a rough texture results in optimal walking performance due to the friction with the walking legs. Chapter 3 represents the first detailed lifetime study analysing phonotaxis in crickets. My results demonstrate that the optimal age to test phonotaxis in G. bimaculatus females is from day 7 to 24 after the final moult. I also found that selectiveness was persistent with age. These findings contradict the female choosiness hypothesis. This study is also the first to describe the effect of senescence on phonotaxis in insects, as responsiveness decreases with age. Chapter 4 compares the phonotactic behaviour of female crickets from different laboratory-bred colonies. From six tested cricket lab colonies, I found three groups statistically different from each other. Females raised under laboratory conditions at the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University were most reponsive at a frequency of 4.5 kHz, whereas females bred in Tokushima University in Japan were tuned towards a higher frequency of 5 kHz. These results suggest a degree of artificial allopatric speciation. Comparisons with crickets bred under low-quality conditions in a local pet shop demonstrate a loss of responsiveness, indicating that breeding conditions have a direct effect on phonotactic responsivity. Chapter 5 is the first study to report the presence of phonotaxis in males of G. bimaculatus. Previously it was unknown if G. bimaculatus males were able to perform phonotaxis, given that they were only recognised as endurance signal producers. In the present study, only 20% of the studied males (N=70) performed a weak phonotactic response. This finding has potential ecological implications in terms of male cricket territory establishment, and male-male interactions in the wild, which are discussed. Chapter 6 explores the song pattern recognition of the female G. bimaculatus by changing the duration of either the first, second or third pulse of the chirps. A long first pulse decreased the phonotactic response whereas phonotaxis remained strong when the third pulse was long. Chirps with three pulses of increasing duration of 5, 20 and 50 ms elicited phonotaxis, but the chirps were not attractive when played in reverse order. The data are in agreement with a mechanism in which processing of a sound pulse has an effect on the processing of the subsequent pulse, as outlined in the flow of activity in a delay-line and coincidence-detector circuit.
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Treadwell, Danielle Dion. "Tillage and cover crop management influence weeds, insects, soil and crop nutrients, crop development and yield in organically managed North Carolina sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. systems." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06182005-181203/.

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In 2004, North Carolina supplied 46% of the nations' sweetpotato and generated 79 million dollars for the state but of the 16,000 ha in production that year; only 405 ha were managed according to federal organic standards. A three-year field experiment was initiated in 2001 to evaluate organic sweetpotato ?Beauregard? production systems that varied in cover crop management and tillage. Three organic systems including 1) compost and no cover crop with tillage (Org-NC), 2) compost and cover crop incorporated prior to transplanting (Org-CI), and 3) compost and cover crop with reduced tillage (Org-RT) were compared to a conventionally managed tilled and chemical control (Conv) production system using a randomized complete block design with six replications. All sweetpotato tissue macro and micronutrient concentrations were within sufficiency ranges defined by North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. Sweetpotato N (4.6%), P (0.5%), and K (4.3%) tissue concentrations were greater in Org-CI compared to remaining systems at 60 DAP in 2004. Monocot and dicot weed density and biomass were similar between Org-NC and Org-CI each year, and with few exceptions were similar to Conv. In Org-RT, high monocot weed density limited sweetpotato vine above ground biomass (154 g m-2) and total yield 11.2 Mg ha-1) in 2002. In 2001, the percentage of No. 1 grade roots was at least 19% greater in Org-CI (65 %) and Org-NC (62 %) than Conv (50 %). In 2002, the percentage of No. 1 roots was similar among Org-CI (74 %), Org-NC (71 %) and Conv (67 %) and similar among systems in 2004. Root quality was assessed based on degree of insect damage by wireworm-Diabrotica-Systena (WDS) complex. In 2001, Org-RT had the highest percentage of marketable roots (68 %) compared to remaining systems (19-43 %). The number of marketable roots was similar among systems in 2001 and 2004, but reduced in Org-RT (1.3 Mg ha-1) compared to remaining systems. Means of wireworm (Melanotus and Conoderus spp.) densities per trap were significantly correlated with degree of root damage. Overall, organic systems performed as well as the conventionally managed system in at least one or more areas.
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Vega, Pallamar Xaviera Paz de la. "Efecto de la fragmentación del bosque Maulino en la composición, riqueza de especies y abundancia de insectos defoliadores de actividad nocturna asociados a Aristotelia chilensis (maqui)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101890.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de: Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales Renovables
La deforestación y fragmentación de los bosques nativos son una amenaza a la biodiversidad, alterando la biota e interacciones ecológicas. En el bosque Maulino, la herbivoría sobre Aristotelia chilensis (maqui) es negativamente afectada por la fragmentación del bosque, siendo mayor en el bosque continuo que en los fragmentos, particularmente a inicios de la temporada de crecimiento. Este fenómeno puede deberse a cambios en la dinámica de las poblaciones de defoliadores, esencialmente insectos. En este trabajo se evaluó la abundancia, riqueza de especies y composición de insectos defoliadores de actividad nocturna presentes en A. chilensis en un bosque continuo (600 ha) y en ocho fragmentos remanentes (0,4- 20 ha). Los muestreos se realizaron mensualmente, entre agosto de 2005 y febrero de 2006, en 32 ejemplares adultos de A. chilensis en el bosque continuo y en 32 ejemplares en los fragmentos. Los insectos fueron muestreados durante las 5 primeras horas después del anochecer. En cada árbol, durante 10 min se observaron todas las hojas de 5 ramas, colectando los insectos presentes. Además, se utilizó el método de sacudido de follaje y paraguas entomológico. Se colectaron 890 insectos defoliadores, pertenecientes a 17 familias y 77 especies de Coleoptera, Orthoptera y Lepidoptera. El 93,5% de las especies fueron identificadas a nivel de especie o morfoespecie, siendo todas nativas. La abundancia total no varió según el hábitat. Sin embargo, a nivel de orden, familia o especie hubo un efecto de la fragmentación taxón-dependiente. La riqueza de especies por árbol tampoco fue afectada por la fragmentación del bosque, aunque el número total de especies fue considerablemente mayor en los fragmentos que en el bosque continuo. La similitud de especies fue mayor dentro del bosque continuo que entre el bosque continuo y los fragmentos o que entre los fragmentos. A principios de la temporada (Septiembre), la abundancia de Sericoides obesa, insecto muy voraz, fue significativamente mayor en el bosque continuo que en los fragmentos. Al avanzar en la temporada, Chrysomelidae y Sericoides viridis se hicieron más abundantes en los fragmentos. Estos insectos serían los principales responsables de los patrones de defoliación de A. chilensis en el bosque Maulino.
In this work, the effect of the Maulino forest fragmentation on the abundance, species richness and composition of nocturnal defoliating insects associated with A. chilensis was evaluated. The insects were sampled every month, between August 2005 and february 2006, in 32 A. chilensis trees located in a continuous forest (600 ha) and in 32 trees from eight forest fragments (0,4- 20 ha). Sampling was carried out during the first 5 hours after dusk. 890 defoliating insects from 17 families and 77 species of Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were collected. All species were native. The total abundance did not vary with habitat fragmentation. Nevertheless, at the ordinal, family or species level there was a taxon-dependent habitat fragmentation effect. The species richness per tree did not vary with forest fragmentation, though the total number of species was considerably higher in the forest fragments. The species similarity was higher within the continuous forest than between the continuous forest and fragments or between the fragments. At the beginning of the season (September), the abundance of Sericoides obesa, a very voracious folivorous species, was significantly higher in the continuous forest than in the forest fragments. Later in the season, Chrysomelidae and Sericoides viridis became more abundant in the forest fragments. These insects seem to be responsible of the defoliating patterns of A. chilensis at the Maulino forest.
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Oliveira, Silvia Ramos de. "Impacto da temperatura no desenvolvimento, fecundidade e longevidade de Corythucha gossypii fabricius, 1794 (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) em mamoneira." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2408.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The castor bean (Ricinus communis) is attacked by several species of insects and mites that can cause damage to your plant tissues and may limit productivity. Among these, deserve attention Corythucha gossypii (Hemiptera: Tingidae) responsible for causing severe damage to several plant species, including the castor bean. Insects, in particular, are quite vulnerable to climatic changes, since most of these organisms are ectothermic. The objective of this research was to study the impact of temperature on the development, fecundity and longevity of C. gossypii in castor beans. The study was conducted at the laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology of Insects from Embrapa Cotton, municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil in climatic chambers, adjusted to temperatures 20, 23, 25 and 28 ° C, Relative Humidity of 60 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The following biological variables were quantified: the egg stage (duration and viability), nymph (total duration, duration of each instar, number of instars and survival); egg period the emergence of adult males and females who were sexed according to the genitalia. In adult phase were evaluated periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition, longevity and fecundity. The thermal constant (K) and temperature-base (Tb) was estimated for each of the immature stages and egg to adult emergence (males and females) according Réamur Law and the X intercept method, respectively. The duration of the stages of egg, nymph and egg to adult of C. gossypii with castor bean leaves temperatures ranged between 20 ° C and 28 ° C from 17.2 to 7.6 days; From 28.5 to 10.3 days and 45.7 to 17.9 days, respectively. The duration of nymphal stages of C. gossypii with castor leaves varied within each instar, between instars and sexes according to the temperature. The development stages of the egg, nymph and egg to adult of the C. gossypii requires 86.8; 123.5 and 208.3 degree-day, respectively, above the lower thermal limit of 15.1 ° C; 15.4 ° C and 15.4 ° C. The fertility was inversely proportional to the temperature increase. The biggest longevity of C. gossypii adults with castor leaves was observed at 25 °C and the minor at 20 °C.
A mamona (Ricinus communis) é atacada por diversas espécies de insetos e ácaros que podem provocar danos aos seus tecidos vegetais e podem limitar a produtividade. Dentre estes, destaca- se Corythucha gossypii (Hemiptera: Tingidae) responsável por ocasionar danos severos a diversas espécies vegetais, incluindo a mamona. Insetos, em particular, são bastante vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas, uma vez que, a maior parte desses organismos é ectotérmica. Objetivou- se estudar o impacto da temperatura no desenvolvimento, fecundidade e longevidade de C. gossypii em mamoneira. O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular de Insetos da Embrapa Algodão, município de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil em o câmaras climatizadas do tipo B.O.D., ajustadas para as temperaturas 20, 23, 25 e 28 C, Umidade Relativa de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Foram quantificadas as seguintes variáveis biológicas: fase de ovo (duração e viabilidade), ninfa (duração total, duração de cada ínstar, número de ínstares e sobrevivência); período de ovo à emergência de adultos machos e fêmeas, que foram sexados de acordo com a genitália. Na fase adulta foram avaliados os períodos de pré- oviposição, oviposição, pós-oviposição, longevidade e fecundidade. As exigências térmicas (K) e temperaturas-base (Tb) foram estimadas para cada um dos estágios imaturos e de ovo à emergência de adultos (machos e fêmeas), de acordo com Lei de Reamur e com o método da intersecção de X, respectivamente. A duração dos estágios de ovo, ninfa e de ovo a adulto de C. gossypii com folhas de mamona entre as temperaturas de 20°C e 28ºC variaram de 17,2 a 7,6 dias; 28,5 a 10,3 dias e 45,7 a 17,9 dias, respectivamente. A duração dos estádios ninfais de C. gossypii com folhas de mamona variou dentro de cada instar, entre instares e entre os sexos de acordo com a temperatura. O desenvolvimento das fases de ovo, ninfa e de ovo a adulto de C. gossypii, requer 86,8; 123,5 e 208,3 graus-dia, respectivamente, acima dos limites térmicos o o o inferiores de 15,1 C; 15,4 C e 15,4 C. Os valores de fecundidade foram inversamente proporcionais ao aumento da temperatura. A maior longevidade de adultos de C. gossypii com folhas de mamona foi observada a 25 ºC e a menor a 20 ºC.
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Mkize, Nolwazi. "Insect pests of cultivated and wild olives, and some of their natural enemies, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005403.

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This thesis has two focuses. The first problem facing the olive industry in the Eastern Cape is the growers’ perceptions of both what the industry will provide them and what a pest management program might entail. The second focus is the biology of olive pests in the Eastern Cape in terms of understanding their populations and their natural enemies on private farms, with future hopes of understanding how Integrated Pest Management strategies can be developed for this crop. Eastern Cape private farmers, small-scale farmers and workers from agricultural training institutions were interviewed regarding the history and cultivation of the local olive crop. Only one commercially viable olive grove was identified; other groves were small, experimental pilot ventures. The introduction of olives to small-scale farmers and agricultural training schools was generally a top-down initiative that led to a lack of sense of ownership and the trees being neglected. Other problems included poor human capital; poor financial capital; lack of adequate support; lack of knowledge transfer and stability; lack of communication and evaluation procedures of the project; miscommunication; and finally, olive pests. Apart from hesitancy to plant at a commercial scale, the main problem facing private farmers (Varnam Farm, Hewlands Farm and Springvale Farm) was pests. Therefore an investigation of pests from private farms was conducted ranging from collection of cultivated and wild olive fruit and flea beetle larvae for parasitism, trapping systems both for fruit flies and olive flea beetle adults. A survey of olive fruits yielded larval fruit flies of the families Tephritidae (Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), B. biguttula (Bezzi) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) and Drosophilidae (Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)) from wild olives (O. europaea cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif.) but none from cultivated olives (O. e. europaea L.). Braconid wasps (Opiinae and Braconinae) were reared only from fruits containing B. oleae and B. biguttula. This suggests that B. oleae is not of economic significance in the Eastern Cape, perhaps because it is controlled to a significant level by natural enemies, but B. biguttula may be a potential economic pest. A survey of adult fruit flies using ChamP traps baited with ammonium bicarbonate and spiroketal capsules and Sensus trap baited with methyl eugenol and Questlure confirmed the relative importance of B. biguttula over B. oleae. ChamP traps were over 50 times better than Sensus traps for mass trapping of B. biguttula but both were ineffective for trapping B. oleae and C. capitata. Six indigenous flea beetles of the genus Argopistes Motschulsky (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) were found, three described by Bryant in 1922 and 1944 and three new species. Their morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and mutivariate morphometric analysis. The leaf-mining larvae are pests of wild and cultivated olives in South Africa and threaten the local olive industry. At Springvale Farm, A. oleae Bryant and A. sexvittatus Bryant preferred the upper parts of trees, near new leaves. Pseudophanomeris inopinatus (Blkb.) (Braconidae) was reared from 23 Argopistes larvae. The beetle larvae might not be controlled to a significant level by natural enemies because the rate of parasitism was low. The olive flea beetles showed no attraction to traps containing various volatile compounds as baits. The lace bug, Plerochila australis Distant (Tingidae), was sometimes a pest. It showed a preference for the underside of leaves on the lower parts of the trees. A moth, Palpita unionalis Hübner (Crambidae), was reared in very low numbers and without parasitoids. A twig-boring beetle larva, chalcidoid parasitoids and seed wasps of the families Eurytomidae, Ormyridae and Eupelmidae were also recorded.
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Books on the topic "Lac insects"

1

Cetanā. Khyipʻ ʼa kroṅʻʺ si koṅʻʺ ca rā. Ranʻ kunʻ: Cā pe Bimānʻ, 1989.

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Institute), ILRI Platinum Jubilee National Symposium on Lac in the New Millennium (2000 Indian Lac Research. ILRI Platinum Jubilee National Symposium on Lac in the New Millennium, September 20-21, 2000: Souvenir. Ranchi: The Institute, 2000.

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1955-, Xu Bing, ed. Qi Baishi: Cong qun zhong zhong lai dao qun zhong zhong qu. Beijing Shi: Wen hua yi shu chu ban she, 2010.

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ke, Yang xing. Wai lai ru qin zhong -- qiang da xiao du. Bei jing: Zhong guo lin ye chu ban she, 2005.

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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas., ed. Constitucionalismo: Colaboraciones extranjeras. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 1988.

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Marquardt, Kirsten. Biologie, Ökologie und Wirtskreis von Chaeteorellia acrolophi White und Terellia virens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), zwei potentiellen Kandidaten für die biologische Bekämpfung von Centaurea maculosa Lam. und C. diffusa Lam. (Asteraceae) in Nordamerika. Kiel: Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 1989.

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Göllner-Scheiding, Ursula. Die Tingidae (Netzwanzen) der Äthiopis (Insecta, Heteroptera:Tingoidea): Katalog der afrikanischen Arten. Keltern: Goecke & Evers, 2004.

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Núñez Avellaneda, Luis Alberto, María Isabel Castro Rebolledo, Lucía Cristina Lozano Ardila, and Gelys Igreth Mestre Carrillo. Biodiversidad de un bosque de galería en la Orinoquía colombiana. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789585486539.

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La Orinoquía es una de las regiones con mayor riqueza de fauna en Colombia. En ella se encuentra uno de los ecosistemas estratégicos y más vulnerables del país: los bosques de galería. Estos ecosistemas se reconocen como conectores de vida por su papel central en la conservación de los recursos naturales locales. A partir del trabajo de campo realizado por investigadores, estudiantes y egresados de la Universidad de La Salle, este libro presenta una aproximación a la diversidad de fauna de la Hacienda Matepantano, a través de la descripción de los grupos más representativos (macroinvertebrados, arácnidos, insectos, peces, anfibios, reptiles, aves, mamíferos terrestres y voladores) y del análisis de aspectos climáticos, del uso del suelo y de los sistemas productivos, en su estructura y función. Esta obra, más que un texto científico, está pensada para toda persona que quiera acercarse al conocimiento de la fauna presente en la Orinoquía colombiana, a través de maravillosas imágenes y descripciones generales de los organismos que allí habitan.
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College, Nova Scotia Agricultural, ed. Legislation in force in Nova Scotia to prevent the importation and spread of insects and diseases injurious to plants. Truro, N.S: [s.n.], 1997.

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Echavarría Grajales, Carlos Valerio, and Eloisa Vasco Montoya. Las voces de niños y niñas sobre la moral. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789585136182.

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La obra tuvo como propósito central escuchar cuidadosamente las voces de niñas y niños sobre asuntos relacionados con la moral. En las expresiones y testimonios del grupo de niños que participó, el lector encontrará una sorprendente manera de describir el sentido de lo bueno, lo malo, lo justo, marcada por la perspectiva y las experiencias cotidianas de los niños. Se trata de reflexionar sobre las categorías básicas de lo moral, no desde el punto de vista de las preocupaciones y la experiencia del adulto, sino desde la opinión de los niños. Esta perspectiva pedagógica y docente, así como de las intencionalidades formativas y de la manera en que una institución educativa comprende el contexto social y cultural en el que ésta inserta para hacer más pertinente su que hacer educativo. Se trata de un texto que, desde la mirada de niñas y niños de contextos violentos, describe sentidos locales y circunscritos a la vida cotidiana de la preservación de la vida, la lealtad, el que hacer político y la vinculación y adherencia a normas legales y por fuera de la ley como formas fundamentales de convivencia y, en algunas circunstancias, de preservación de la vida propia y de los cercanos. Es un texto que interpela y relativiza las verdades absolutas sobre lo que es bueno, digno y justo para todos; llama la atención sobre el compromiso ético y político de la escuela con la formación ciudadana, ética y política; exige que los académicos y científicos sociales involucren otras maneras de comprensión de lo real.
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Book chapters on the topic "Lac insects"

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Sharma, K. K. "Lac Insects." In Commercial Insects, 1–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003454960-1.

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Sharma, K. K. "Lac Insects and Host Plants." In Industrial Entomology, 157–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_6.

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Sharma, K. K., A. Roy Chowdhury, and S. Srivastava. "Chemistry and Applications of Lac and Its By-Product." In Natural Materials and Products from Insects: Chemistry and Applications, 21–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36610-0_2.

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Sharma, Kewal K. "Understanding the Diversity of Lac Insects of Kerria spp. in India and the Nature of Insect-Host Plant Interaction." In Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection, 219–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99768-1_13.

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Roxburgh, William. "On the Lacsha, or Lac Insect." In Representing India, 361–64. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101796-25.

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Hills, Nancy E. "Cotton Dress with Lace Inserts." In Recreating Historic Dress, 102–7. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032624631-19.

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Morgan, F. David, and Gary S. Taylor. "The White Lace Lerp in Southeastern Australia." In Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, 129–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0789-9_7.

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Mawani, Renisa. "Insect wars." In Routledge Handbook of Law and Theory, 279–95. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315665733-14.

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Bouchard, Brandon, Bryon Hall, Gaetano Restivo, and Gary Cloud. "Novel Insert Design for Thick Single Lap Bolted Composite Joints." In Application of Imaging Techniques to Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Volume 4, 405–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9796-8_53.

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Volpato, Annalisa. "Novel Foods in the EU Integrated Administrative Space: An Institutional Perspective." In Novel Foods and Edible Insects in the European Union, 15–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13494-4_2.

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AbstractPaying particular attention to the institutional dimension of the EU legal framework for the placing on the market of Novel Foods, this chapter examines the main elements of Regulation 2015/2283, including the definition of Novel Food, the objectives of the legislative measure, and the procedure for the authorisation of Novel Foods. The analysis focuses especially on the roles of the diverse actors involved, and on the Regulation’s collocation in the broader context of EU food law and European integrated administration.
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Conference papers on the topic "Lac insects"

1

Bedoya, Julian, and Diana M. Rincon. "Wing Geometry and Dynamic Similarity in Insect Flight." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32283.

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The study of insect and bird flight has always been a curiosity, but it is yet to be described as plentifully as fixed wing aerodynamics. The United States military has expressed an interest in this topic, providing some institutions with funding. The main intention for this type of research is to develop small robots resembling insects or birds for use in exploration, surveillance and intelligence. While conceptually these applications could be accomplished with fixed-wing aircraft, there is a tremendous lack of stealth in these vehicles. The velocities associated with the required lift forces for small flapping-wing insect flights are significantly smaller than for insect-size fixed-wing aircraft. Therefore, it is more feasible and practical to aim for flapping wing flight.
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Gorban, Victor, Vasile Voineac, and Valentina Maievschi. "Elemente tehnologice de utilizare a capcanelor cu lumină pentru monitorizarea şi combaterea insectelor dăunătoare." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.21.

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Low efficiency of plant protection means is explained by the lack of a centralized forecasting system for the terms to carry out protective measures, lack of modern methods of obtaining primary data for making up reliable short-term forecasts for the development and spread of pests in agricultural agrocenoses. During last years investigations cowering the elaboration of new systems of integrated plant protection became more active by utilization biorational means of plant protection, and electro optic installations. A great attention is accords to elaboration and selection of sources- attractants and new electro optic structures whice must show a high attractively due to a specific irradiation spectrum and, thus, provide a maximum trapping of harmful insects. Application of the light traps is a more perfect method for phenology investigation of many important, in an economic aspect plant pest, and results of insects gathering can by used for elaboration short-term prognoses of insect pests development for rendering more precise the terms for craning out of protection measures. Further the light traps for insect can be used as an independent mean for plant pest combating. In combination with other methods to combat the use of light traps significantly reduces the number of flying pests, and thus caused them harm.
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Alphey, Luke. "Engineered sterile insects: From lab to field." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.90804.

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Aboelkassem, Yasser, Anne E. Staples, and John J. Socha. "Microscale Flow Pumping Inspired by Rhythmic Tracheal Compressions in Insects." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57061.

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Inspired by the physiological network of insects, which have dimensions on the order of micrometers to millimeters, we study the airflow within a single model insect tracheal tube. The tube undergoes localized rhythmic wall contractions. A theoretical analysis is given to model the airflow within the tracheal tube. Since flow motions at the microscale are dominated mainly by viscous effects, and the tube has radius, R, that is much smaller than its length, L, (i.e. δ = R/L ≪ 1), lubrication theory for axisymmetric, viscous, incompressible flows at low Reynolds number (Re ∼ δ) is used to model the problem mathematically. Expressions for the velocity field, pressure gradient, wall shear stress and net flow produced by the driving tube wall contractions are derived. The effect of the contraction amplitudes, time lag, and spacing between two sequences of contractions on the time-averaged net flow over a single cycle of wall motions is investigated. The study presents a new, insect-inspired mechanism for valveless pumping that can guide efforts to fabricate novel microfluidic devices that mimic these physiological systems. A x-ray image that shows the tracheal network of the respiratory system of an insect (Carabid beetle) and the associated locations of these rhythmic contractions are shown in figure (1) to promote this study.
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Rouss, Gino James, and William S. Janna. "Determination of Discharge Coefficient for Ball Valves With Calibrated Inserts." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59269.

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The valve coefficient was measured for 1, 1-1/4, 1-1/2 and 2 nominal ball valves. A recently designed orifice insert was used with these valves to obtain smaller valve coefficients. Orifice inserts were threaded into the body of a ball valve just upstream of the ball itself. The valve coefficient was measured for every insert used with these valves, and an expression was determined to relate the orifice diameter to other pertinent flow parameters. Two dimensionless groups were chosen to correlate the collected data, and expressions were developed that can be used as aids in sizing the orifice insert needed to obtain the desired valve coefficient. The study has shown that a 2nd order polynomial equation as well as a power law equation can both be used to predict the desired results. Knowing pipe size and schedule, the diameter of the orifice insert needed to obtain the required valve coefficient can be approximated with minimum error. An error analysis performed on the collected data shows that the results are highly accurate, and that the experimental process is repeatable.
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Rouss, Gino James, and William S. Janna. "Determination of Discharge Coefficient for Ball Valves With Calibrated Inserts." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41043.

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The valve coefficient was measured for 1/2-, 3/4- and 1 nominal ball valves. It was desired to use a recently designed orifice insert with these valves to obtain smaller valve coefficients. Orifice inserts were placed into the body of a threaded ball valve just upstream of the spherical control element. The valve coefficient was measured for each insert, and an expression was determined to relate the orifice diameter to other pertinent flow parameters. Two groups were chosen to correlate the collected data, and a graph was developed. These results can be used as an aid in sizing the orifice insert needed to obtain the desired valve coefficient. The study has shown that a two parameter power law equation can be used as an aid in predicting the desired results. Knowing pipe size and schedule, the diameter of the orifice insert needed to obtain the desired valve coefficient can be approximated with minimum error. An error analysis performed on the collected data shows that the results are highly accurate, and that the experimental process is repeatable.
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Elbshbeshy, Amr, Mahmoud Ali, Mostafa Shazly, and Yehia Bahei-El-Din. "Effect of Metallic Insert Design Parameters on the Load-Carrying Capacity of GFRP Bolted Connection." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-93382.

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Abstract Threaded metallic inserts can be embedded between laminates to avoid drilling and prevent the bearing stresses on the hole boundaries. In the present work single lap joint configuration was used to evaluate the joint strength using embedded metallic inserts. The parameters were selected using the Design of Experiment (DOE) to facilitate and control the variables that will be tested. Parameters such as the tightening torque, the specimen length (L), fiber orientation, and loading rate were kept fixed for all tests. Other design parameters such as edge distance to hole diameter (E/D) using 3 levels and the thickness of the specimen (t) were evaluated using 2 levels, 3 replicates for each. Finite element analysis using ABAQUS was conducted to simulate the experiment, and the results of the experimental work were used to validate the FEA model. The failure was initiated in the matrix at the composite-insert contact surfaces. The fiber failure begins in the laminate which is in contact with the metallic insert surface. Progressive delamination and fiber failures led to several peaks in the load-displacement curve before total failure by shear-out. It was found that the joint strength tends to increase with a lower E/D ratio in both single and double layers of fabrics.
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Zelensky, R. A., A. A. Pachkin, M. V. Ivanisova, and O. Yu Kremneva. "Effectiveness of LED traps for monitoring and controlling cotton bollworm in sunflower crops." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-21-1.

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Sunflower is one of the strategic crops in the Krasnodar Territory. The lack of timely monitoring, the widespread and repeated use of chemical insecticides has led to pests resistance to them. This situation creates a need for new methods of monitoring and protecting the crops from economically significant insects. The purpose of these studies was to identify the effectiveness of LED traps for monitoring and controlling Helicoverpa armigera. The paper presents a comparative analysis of captured insects using aspiration and conical traps. The dynamics of captured insects and the possibility of using these devices as a means of monitoring and reducing the number of cotton scoops are shown.
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Imura, Tadatsugu, Masaki Fuchiwaki, and Kazuhiro Tanaka. "Dynamic Behaviors of Butterfly Wing and Their Application to Micro Flight Robot." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78513.

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Micro-Air-Vehicle (MAV) and micro-flight robot using insect and bird flight mechanisms has been attracting significant attention in recent years since the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have been developed actively. Many researchers have attempted to develop MAV and micro-flight robot with various actuators and devices so far however their studies have not led to practical applications yet. One of the reasons is that flying mechanism of birds and insects has not been clarified sufficiently. In this study, we evaluate dynamic behaviors of a wing observed from the butterfly’s viewpoint in its flight. The authors conduct a flight observation experiment of Cynthia cardui performing a free flight and fixed flight and an image analysis and calculate flapping angles, lead-lag angle and feathering angles of the butterfly performing flapping flight to clarify the relation between them. Furthermore, we aim at developing the micro flight robot like the butterfly using these results. The butterfly realizes its flapping motions by changing not only flapping angles but also lead-lag angles in free and fixed flights. In a free flight, a butterfly performs flapping by greatly changing feathering angles in the wing span direction. The micro flapping robot has two wings and does not have the tail plane. The micro flapping robot flied stably for 12 minutes, which was the battery’s duration. The elastic deformations of a wing are one of the important parameters to realize stable flight performance.
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White, Jacob, Ying Hu, Sangjin Ryu, Seunghee Kim, and Haipeng Zhang. "Geometric Analysis of Insect Wing Vein Network." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87031.

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Abstract An insect wing consists of a thin membrane supported by a system of veins, and flow of blood through the system of veins is critical for maintaining healthy insect wings. Better understanding of the insect wing vein circulation requires to know how the efficiency of blood flow in an insect wing relates to the geometric shape of the vein. Our investigation of the wing vein network of a dragonfly Anax junius follows the idea of Murray’s law, which is established in the study of efficiency of the vein network and the geometric shape of the vein. Instead of using the classic Murray’s law for circular cross-sections, we derived a variation of the Murray’s law for vein cross-sections of equilateral triangles. Then, we evaluated the conformity of the studied wing vein network to Murray’s law by measuring the diameter of veins of the forewing of A. junius. Our data suggest that the vein network does not abide by the class Murray’s law and support that the shape of the vein is not cylindrical.
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Reports on the topic "Lac insects"

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Montes Prado, Millerlandy, Arturo Carabali Muñoz, and Rosa Helen Mira Herrera. Evaluación de métodos de monitoreo de Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) perforador del fruto de Cacao Theobroma cacao. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2017.2.

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Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), perforador del fruto del cacao ( g. 1d), ocasiona pérdidas de hasta el 50 % de la producción, el daño es ocasionado por estados inmaduros del insecto que barrenan la cascara y las semillas del fruto ( g. 1a, b, y c). Gracias a la interacción inter o intraespecífica de los artrópodos con sus hospederos, el empleo de trampas con atrayentes, como feromonas de atracción o de agregación, colores, pegantes, sonidos, aromas, luz entre otros, han resultado eficientes para el monitoreo y la detección de insectos plaga en cultivos comerciales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue probar la eficacia de dos tipos de trampas y tres atrayentes para el monitoreo de adultos de C. foraseminis en un cultivo de cacao.
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Torres Torres, Lissette, Ivonn Marcela Gelvez Pardo, Carlos Espinel Correal, and Adriana Marcela Santos Diaz. Metodologías para la evaluación de la actividad biocontroladora de bioplaguicidas a base de hongos entomopatógenos. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.25.

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La producción agrícola y ganadera de la Orinoquía colombiana ha sido afectada de manera negativa por la presencia de insectos plaga como la langosta llanera Rhammatocerus schistocercoides (Rehn) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), la cual afecta extensas áreas de sabana nativa, pastos mejorados y cultivos de importancia económica como el arroz, el maíz, la caña de azúcar y el sorgo (ICA, 2017). Otro insecto plaga con gran impacto económico es Cerotoma tingomariana (Bechyné) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), el cual se ha convertido en la especie más limitante del cultivo de soya dentro del complejo de crisomélidos que lo afectan, ocasionando daños hasta del 40 % en el área foliar.
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Canacuán Nasamuez, Doris Elisa, and Arturo Carabalí Muñoz. Chrysoperla externa H. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) como controlador biológico de Strepsicrates smithiana W. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), en el cultivo de guayaba. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.12.

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Chrysoperla externa, es considerada una especie de importancia en el control biológico de insectos de cuerpo blando como, áfidos, trips, larvas de lepidópteros. Strepsicrates smithiana, una de las principales plagas en el cultivo de guayaba. El daño lo ocasionan los inmaduros al alimentarse de brotes, ocasionando defoliación, amarillamiento y muerte de terminales vegetativos, interrumpiendo el desarrollo del brote y formación de yemas. Actualmente el manejo de S. smithiana se basa en aplicaciones químicas, práctica poco eficiente dado los hábitos de vida del insecto, además ocasiona deterioro del medio ambiente y reducción de enemigos naturales, acciones que contribuyen a la permanencia y dispersión de la plaga en áreas de producción de guayaba. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia depredadora de C. externa sobre estados larvales de S. smithiana, bajo condiciones de laboratorio y campo.
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Monje Andrade, Buenaventura, Buenaventura. Incidencia de [Leptostylus hilaris] (Coleoptero: Cerambycidae) en lima ácida Tahití para el departamento del Tolima. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.19.

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Los cítricos son cultivos permanentes y en general tienen alta adaptabilidad a diversas condiciones climáticas, la geografía colombiana presenta condiciones favorables para el cultivo. Para el año 2010 en Colombia habían 62.409 hectáreas (ha) plantadas con cítricos, de las cuales 51.665 están en monocultivo y 10.743 en cultivos asociados, la principal especie cultivada es la naranja que totaliza 36.943 ha (59.2 % del total), de las cuales 30.599 ha son de monocultivo (49 % del total) y las restantes 6.383 ha se encuentran asociadas en especial con café. Las 25.466 ha restantes están compuestas por mandarinas, tangelos, limas ácidas (pajarito y Tahití), y en menor proporción, la toronja. La lima ácida Tahití (Citrus latifolia T) ocupa el tercer lugar dentro de las especies cítricas cultivadas en Colombia. Sus frutos se consumen en el mercado interno y presenta un creciente mercado de exportación. El Tolima produce para el mercado interno, la mejor calidad de jugo. La producción de fruta es permanente, a través de todo el año, con épocas marcadas de concentración de la cosecha, según sea la distribución de la precipitación, unimodal o bimodal, características de la zona Andina. Con base a la producción constante a través del año y la dinámica poblacional de los insectos, el manejo fitosanitario de la producción se hace compleja, por el manejo del cultivo y la aparición de insectos plagas emergentes. La presencia de un nuevo insecto asociado al cultivo de los cítricos, hace que se genere un reporte y se profundice en la investigación.
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Gómez, Juliana, Laura Villamizar R, and Paula Sotelo. Optimización de una dieta artificial para la alimentación de larvas de Spodoptera Frugiperda durante la producción de nucleopoliedrovirus. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2012.2.

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Los nucleopoliedrovirus (NPV) son patógenos de insectos empleados a nivel mundial para el control de diferentes plagas (Barreto et al. 2005). Con un aislamiento nativo de este virus se desarrolló un bioplaguicida para el control del gusano cogollero Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), la plaga más importante del cultivo de maíz (Barón y Angulo 2003). Los NPVs son patógenos obligados y su producción masiva se realiza infectando larvas del insecto hospedero, las cuales son alimentadas con una dieta semisintética que aumenta considerablemente los costos de producción del bioplaguicida (Elvira et al., 2010). Con miras a hacer más competitivo el proceso de manufactura del insecticida viral, el presente trabajo pretendió seleccionar una dieta modificada a partir de la dieta estándar actualmente empleada, reduciendo sus costos de elaboración y determinando su efecto sobre el desarrollo larval y la productividad viral.
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Cibrián-Tovar, David, Bernard H. Ebel, Harry O. Yates, and José Tulio Mhdez-Montiel. Insectos de cones y semillas de las coniferas de Mexico. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-gtr-40.

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Reynold O., Walter P. Remesas como instrumento de desarrollo: Potenciando las microfinanzas. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007212.

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Da a conocer las estrategias para que la Red Centroamericana de Microfinanzas (REDCAMIF) se inserte en Centroamérica, las tendencias globales, la importancia de las remesas y algunos casos del uso productivo de las mismas, en México, Brasil.
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Rodríguez Yzquierdo, Gustavo, and Tatiana Camila Miranda Salas. Plagas del cultivo del maracuyá. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.video.2020.7.

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Este vídeo hace parte de la estrategia de transferencia de tecnología para fomentar la diversificación de la tecnología regional en el marco del convenio AGROSAVIA-Ecopetrol, contiene información sobre algunas plagas del cultivo de maracuyá, los daños que ocasionan y las maneras de controlarlas correctamente, así como de insectos benéficos.
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Houck, Marilyn, Uri Gerson, and Robert Luck. Two Predator Model Systems for the Biological Control of Diaspidid Scale Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570554.bard.

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Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hamisarcoptidae) is a parasite of scale insects (Diaspididae), tenacious pests of vascular plants. Hemisarcoptes also has a stenoxenic phoretic (dispersal) relationship with Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Chilocorus feeds on diaspidids, transports mites as they feed, and has been applied to the control of scales, with limited success. U.S.-Israeli cooperation focused on this mite-beetle interaction so that a two-component system could be applied to the control of scale insects effectively. Life history patterns of Hemisarcoptes were investigated in response to host plant type and physical parameters. Field and lab data indicated that mites attack all host stages of scales tested, but preferred adult females. Scale species and host plant species influenced the bionomics of Hemisarcoptes. Beetle diet also influenced survival of phoretic mites. Mites use a ventral sucker plate to extract material from Chilocorus, that is essential for development. Seven alkaloids were found in the hemolymph of Chilocorus and three were characterized. Examination of the subelytral surface of Chilocorus indicated that microsetae play a role in the number and distribution of mites a beetle transports. While Hemisarcoptes can be innoculatd into agroecosystems using various indigenous or imported Chilocorus species, the following are preferred: C. bipustulatus, C. cacti, C. distigma, C. fraternus, C. orbus, and C. tristis.
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Torres- orres, Lissette, Carlos Espinel Correal, Erika Grijalba Bernal, Lorena García Riaño, Ivonn Gelvez Pardo, and Adriana Santos Diaz. Caracterización de micoinsecticidas para el control de Cerotoma tingomariana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) y uso de un insecto modelo para evaluar su actividad biológica. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2018.21.

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Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) es una alternativa para el control de Cerotoma tingomariana (Bechyné) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), una de las plagas de soya más limitantes en Colombia. Un granulado dispersable (WG) y un concentrado emulsionable (EC) a base del aislamiento Bv060, fueron caracterizados microbiológica, sicoquímica y biológicamente. Se establecieron límites de aceptación de estos y se estandarizó una metodología alterna para evaluar la actividad biológica utilizando como insecto modelo Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), mediante una prueba r&R. Los resultados obtenidos para cada parámetro permiten ser utilizados como referente en el control de calidad rutinario de estos micoinsecticidas. Antecedentes: Se seleccionó el aislamiento Bv060 de Beauveria bassiana por ocasionar 87,4 % de e cacia sobre adultos de C. tingomariana en laboratorio. Debido a su potencial, se desarrolló un granulado dispersable (WG) y un concentrado emulsionable (EC) a base de este hongo, pero es necesario determinar los criterios de calidad de estos micoinsecticidas. Objetivos: 1. Caracterizar tres lotes y establecer los límites de aceptación para los parámetros microbiológicos, sicoquímicos y biológicos de las dos formulaciones. 2. Estandarizar una metodología alternativa para la evaluación de la actividad biocontroladora de los formulados, utilizando como insecto modelo C. virescens debido a la dificultad en el establecimiento de la cría y la disposición constante de adultos de C. tingomariana. Hipótesis: 1. Los coeficientes de variación (CV) son inferiores al 10 %, indicando repetibilidad entre lotes, permitiendo el establecimiento de límites de aceptación. 2. Chloridea virescens se puede utilizar como insecto modelo para determinar la actividad biocontroladora de preformulados a base del aislamiento Bv060 de B. bassiana.
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