Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lac Operon

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Lac Operon'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lac Operon"

1

Zeng, Lin, Satarupa Das, and Robert A. Burne. "Utilization of Lactose and Galactose by Streptococcus mutans: Transport, Toxicity, and Carbon Catabolite Repression." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 9 (February 26, 2010): 2434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01624-09.

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ABSTRACT Abundant in milk and other dairy products, lactose is considered to have an important role in oral microbial ecology and can contribute to caries development in both adults and young children. To better understand the metabolism of lactose and galactose by Streptococcus mutans, the major etiological agent of human tooth decay, a genetic analysis of the tagatose-6-phosphate (lac) and Leloir (gal) pathways was performed in strain UA159. Deletion of each gene in the lac operon caused various alterations in expression of a PlacA -cat promoter fusion and defects in growth on either lactose (lacA, lacB, lacF, lacE, and lacG), galactose (lacA, lacB, lacD, and lacG) or both sugars (lacA, lacB, and lacG). Failure to grow in the presence of galactose or lactose by certain lac mutants appeared to arise from the accumulation of intermediates of galactose metabolism, particularly galatose-6-phosphate. The glucose- and lactose-PTS permeases, EIIMan and EIILac, respectively, were shown to be the only effective transporters of galactose in S. mutans. Furthermore, disruption of manL, encoding EIIABMan, led to increased resistance to glucose-mediated CCR when lactose was used to induce the lac operon, but resulted in reduced lac gene expression in cells growing on galactose. Collectively, the results reveal a remarkably high degree of complexity in the regulation of lactose/galactose catabolism.
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Cooper, Robert A. "Teaching the Big Ideas of Biology with Operon Models." American Biology Teacher 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2015.77.1.5.

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This paper presents an activity that engages students in model-based reasoning, requiring them to predict the behavior of the trp and lac operons under different environmental conditions. Students are presented six scenarios for the trp operon and five for the lac operon. In most of the scenarios, specific mutations have occurred in genetic elements of the system that alter the behavior from the norm. Students are also challenged to relate their understanding of operon behavior to the “Big Ideas” of homeostasis, evolution, information, interactions, and emergent properties. By using operons to teach students to reason with models of complex systems and understand broad themes, we equip them with powerful skills and ideas that form a solid foundation for their future learning in biology.
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Andrews, Ken J. "Lac Operon. Lewis J. Kleinsmith." Quarterly Review of Biology 64, no. 4 (December 1989): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416577.

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Lewis, Mitchell. "Allostery and the lac Operon." Journal of Molecular Biology 425, no. 13 (July 2013): 2309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2013.03.003.

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Roderick, Steven L. "The lac operon galactoside acetyltransferase." Comptes Rendus Biologies 328, no. 6 (June 2005): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2005.03.005.

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Vaughan, Elaine E., R. David Pridmore, and Beat Mollet. "Transcriptional Regulation and Evolution of Lactose Genes in the Galactose-Lactose Operon of Lactococcus lactisNCDO2054." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 18 (September 15, 1998): 4893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.18.4893-4902.1998.

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ABSTRACT The genetics of lactose utilization within the slow-lactose-fermenting Lactococcus lactis strain NCDO2054 was studied with respect to the organization, expression, and evolution of the lac genes. Initially the β-galactosidase gene (lacZ) was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant on a 7-kb HpaI fragment. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the complete fragment revealed part of a gal-lac operon, and the genes were characterized by inactivation and complementation analyses and in vitro enzyme activity measurements. The gene order isgalK-galT-lacA-lacZ-galE; the gal genes encode enzymes of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism, andlacA encodes a galactoside acetyltransferase. ThegalT and galE genes of L. lactisLM0230 (a lactose plasmid-cured derivative of the fast-lactose-fermenting L. lactis C2) were highly similar at the nucleotide sequence level to their counterparts in strain NCDO2054 and, furthermore, had the same gene order except for the presence of the intervening lacA-lacZ strain NCDO2054. Analysis of mRNA for the gal and lac genes revealed an unusual transcriptional organization for the operon, with a surprisingly large number of transcriptional units. The regulation of the lac genes was further investigated by using fusions consisting of putative promoter fragments and the promoterless β-glucuronidase gene (gusA) from E. coli, which identified three lactose-inducible intergenic promoters in the gal-lac operon. The greater similarity of thelacA and lacZ genes to homologs in gram-negative organisms than to those of gram-positive bacteria, in contrast to the homologies of the gal genes, suggests that the genes within the gal operon of L. lactisNCDO2054 have been recently acquired. Thus, thelacA-lacZ genes appear to have engaged the promoters of thegal operon in order to direct and control their expression.
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Stewart, Valley, and Peggy J. Bledsoe. "Substitutions at Auxiliary Operator O3 Enhance Repression by Nitrate-Responsive Regulator NarL at Synthetic lac Control Regions in Escherichia coli K-12." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01431-07.

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ABSTRACT We constructed monocopy lac operon control regions in which the operators O1-lac and O3-lac were replaced by NarL and NarP binding sites from the nirB or napF operon control regions. The results support the hypothesis that DNA-bound dimers of phospho-NarL can participate in higher-order cooperative interactions.
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Malakar, Pushkar. "Pre-induced Lac Operon Effect on Non Specific Sugars: Pre-culture Effect is Dependent on Strength of Induction, Exponential Phase and Substrate Concentration." Open Microbiology Journal 9, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010008.

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The source and history of the cell plays an important role in influencing the phenotypic properties of the organism in a particular environmental condition. Pre-induced lac operon provides benefit on lactose environment. During metabolism lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose. The fate of cells with pre-induced lac operon on glucose and galactose milieu is not known. The influence of nutritional status of the medium, level of pre-induction and growth phase on pre-culture effect is not investigated. Effect of pre-induced lac operon on non specific sugars along with the factors that influence this effect was enumerated in the present study. Results of this present study indicate that pre-induced lac operon provide benefit in terms of growth on galactose milieu. This study also suggests that Pre induced lac operon effect depends on the (i) strength of induction in the pre-culture, (ii) nutritional content of the environment and (iii) exponential growth phase of the organism. The above study will help in the better characterization of the pre culture effect. It will also help in the better understanding of the relation between gene expression and growth physiology.
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Yang, Xiaoli, Bin Chen, Yifan Cai, and Charles Tseng. "Understanding the lac operon with GeneAct." International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design 8, no. 2 (2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcbdd.2015.071127.

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Egel, Richard. "The ‘lac’ operon: an irrelevant paradox?" Trends in Genetics 4, no. 2 (February 1988): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(88)90062-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lac Operon"

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Patterson, Kathryn Grace. "Gene regulation in the lac operon." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/patterson/PattersonK0809.pdf.

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The lac operon, a jointly controlled series of genes in the bacteria E. coli, has been studied extensively since the 1940's. The lac operon genes are transcribed and then translated into proteins necessary for transport and digestion of lactose. The operon is activated in the presence of lactose after glucose, the preferred carbon source, has been expended. In this thesis, we introduce a biophysical model using the Shea-Ackers framework for modeling promoter dynamics. The model spans two scales: the inputs are biophysical parameters of molecular interactions and the result is a level of gene expression - a macroscopic behavior of the cell. We include all experimentally suggested control mechanisms into the model, even though the experimental evidence is stronger for some of these mechanisms than others. We compare our model to experimental data and explore the individual contribution of the proposed mechanisms by removing them one by one and testing the reduced model's fit to the data. Finally, we find a minimal model which faithfully represents the available data, yet includes only the minimal number of control mechanisms.
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Cho, SungAe. "Lac Operon Expression in Steady State Cells of Escherichia coli." W&M ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625294.

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Ben, Halim Asma. "Development and analysis of dynamic models of the lac operon." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2013. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/29920/.

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In this work, the mathematical models describing the dynamics of the gene regulatory network of the lac operon are considered. The lac operon is one of the simplest biological systems which involves the regulation network of three genes. The mathematical models of the regulatory mechanisms of the lac system, developed in the literature are based on deterministic or fully stochastic approach to the problem. The aim of the thesis is the development of two stochastic models (reduced and full) based on extension of existing deterministic models with noise terms. The two models reflect different level of complexity of the regulatory processes. The advantage of this approach is based on the realistic description of protein concentrations, protein kinetics and time delays. The research considers first order stochastic delayed differential equations (SDDEs) and their solutions. Stability properties of the stochastic models are investigated by linearization of the systems of SDDEs. New sufficient conditions of mean square stability are obtained analytically for these models using Lyapunov function. Additionally, the threshold values for SDDEs are derived. These conditions and threshold values are applied to nd analytical solutions of the two models of nonlinear SDDE. Further, numerical solutions of these equations are obtained using Euler Maruyama method. A detailed analysis of the stability regions of the models is performed, analytically and numerically. A specific attention is given to the bistable region as it reflects important biological features of the system linked to the positive regulatory mechanism. It is concluded that the stochasticity can change the boundaries of the bistable region which cannot be obtained in the case of the deterministic model of the lac operon. This thesis provides a thorough investigation of the stochastic stability of two lac operon models and demonstrates that the system behaviour is very sensitive to protein concentrations. It also provides a novel way for estimating such concentrations.
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Hedén, Gynnå Arvid. "Induction kinetics of the lac operon : Studied by single molecule methods." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224220.

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The repression of the E. coli lac operon seems to be more efficient than the current theoretical model allows for. Specifically, it is more quiet than expected during the replication of the chromosome. I have induced cells during short periods and counted the number of protein products from the operon to determine if there is a delay in activation of transcription that could account for the discrepancy. The results are compatible with a delay of 10-20 s, but the delay could not be conclusively proven. Furthermore, it has been investigated if the mechanism behind the delay might be differential localization of the lac operon with and without induction. It is shown that the lac operon is more often located in the periphery of the cell and in the internucleoid region when induced. These might be regions where genes are higher expressed, giving a delay in expression after de-repression before the gene is transported there.
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Ross, Nicholas Etienne. "A systems approach to the investigation and modelling of the lac operon." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611964.

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Hammar, Petter. "lac of Time : Transcription Factor Kinetics in Living Cells." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Beräknings- och systembiologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198814.

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Gene regulation mediated by transcription factors (TFs) is essential for all organisms. The functionality of TFs can largely be described by the fraction of time they occupy their regulatory binding sites on the chromosome. DNA-binding proteins have been shown to find their targets through facilitated diffusion in vitro. In its simplest form this means that the protein combines a random 3D search in the cytoplasm with 1D sliding along DNA. This has been proposed to speed up target location. It is difficult to mimic the in vivo conditions for gene regulation in biochemistry experiments; i.e. the ionic strength, chromosomal structure, and the presence of other DNA-binding macromolecules.    In this thesis single molecule imaging assays for live cell measurements were developed to study the kinetics of the Escherichia coli transcription factor LacI. The low copy number LacI, in fusion with a fluorescent protein (Venus) is detected as a localized near-diffraction limited spot when being DNA-bound for longer than the exposure time. An allosteric inducer is used to control binding and release. Using this method we can measure the time it takes for LacI to bind to different operator sequences. We then extend the assay and show that LacI slides in to and out from the operator site, and that it is obstructed by another DNA-binding protein positioned next to its target. We present a new model where LacI redundantly passes over the operator many times before binding.    By combining experiments with molecular dynamics simulations we can characterize the details of non-specific DNA-binding. In particular, we validate long-standing assumptions that the non-specific association is diffusion-controlled. In addition it is seen that the non-specifically bound protein diffuses along DNA in a helical path.    Using microfluidics we design a chase assay to measure in vivo dissociation rates for the LacI-Venus dimer. Based on the comparison of these rates with association rates and equilibrium binding data we suggest that there might be a short time following TF dissociation when transcription initiation is silenced. This implies that the fraction of time the operator is occupied is not enough to describe the regulatory range of the promoter.
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Franco, Vanessa Correa. "Expressão de fosfatase alcalina em Escherichia coli sob o controle do sistema de regulação do operon lac." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5332.

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Alkaline phosphatase function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphomonoester, and thus has the property of removing phosphate groups 5' DNA and RNA, making it an important tool for genetic engineering. Expression of the E. coli alkaline phosphatase gene was obtained by cloning the gene into plasmid pBR322. Subsequently phoA structural gene was transferred to the vector pAC92 derivative of pUC18 where its expression was regulated partly yielding the recombinant plasmid capable of programming in E. coli highest level of expression. But this vector has the need to control the expression with glucose medium, otherwise the excess of the enzyme in the periplasm causes cell death of the host. In work carried out in the Laboratory of Technologies of DNA called a vector UFAM Pula was built from obtaining pAC92 promoter region, restored operator, cloned in a vector called pUN, this being the modified pUC18 lacking the gene for β - galactosidase and without its promoter region / operator of origin. This paper describes the expression of the alkaline phosphatase of E. coli by means of the adjustable jumps expression system and purification of this enzyme. Thus, the phoA gene was subcloned into the vector jumps successfully, yielding the vector pUNF, which appeared stable and functional, regulated by the induction of IPTG. The best expression of the enzyme in the system in question occurred in the middle with a concentration of 0.05 % glucose, with 1 mM IPTG and after 18 hours of induction.
A fosfatase alcalina tem como função catalisar a hidrólise de um fosfomonoéster, e assim, possui a propriedade de remover grupos de fosfatos 5’ de DNA e RNA, o que faz dela uma importante ferramenta para engenharia genética. A expressão do gene da fosfatase alcalina de E. coli foi obtida clonando-se o gene no plasmídeo pBR322. Posteriormente o gene estrutural phoA foi transferido para o vetor pAC92, derivado do pUC18, onde sua expressão ficou parcialmente regulada, originando o plasmídeo recombinante capaz de programar em E. coli maior nível de expressão. Porém este vetor possui a necessidade do controle da expressão com glicose no meio, do contrário, o excesso da enzima no periplasma causa a morte celular das hospedeiras. Em trabalhos desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Tecnologias de DNA da UFAM um vetor denominado pULA foi construído a partir da obtenção da região promotora do pAC92, com operador restaurado, clonado em um vetor denominado de pUN, este sendo o pUC18 modificado sem o gene de β–galactosidase e sem sua região promotora/operadora de origem. O presente trabalho descreve a expressão da fosfatase alcalina de E. coli por meio do sistema de expressão regulável do pULA, assim como a purificação desta enzima. Dessa forma, o gene phoA foi subclonado no vetor pULA com sucesso, dando origem ao vetor pUNF, que se apresentou estável e funcional, regulado pela indução do IPTG. A melhor expressão da enzima no sistema em questão, ocorreu em meio com concentração de 0,05% de glicose, com um 1mM de IPTG e após 18 horas de indução.
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Bianchi, Allison A. "Characterization and application of Escherichia coli stress promoter-lacZ fusions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8072.

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Kelly, Patrick John. "An investigation of cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP)-Induced DNA bending at the lac, gal and malT operons." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25199.

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Benevides, Kristina, Oscar Broström, Kalman Grim Elison, Hugo Swenson, Andrei Vlassov, and Josefin Ågren. "Stabil och antibiotikafri läkemedelsproduktion i rekombinant Escherichia coli." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323719.

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Den här rapporten presenterar ett antibiotikafritt, stabilt och kromosombaserat expressionssystem för läkemedelsproduktion i Escherichia coli på beställning av företaget Affibody AB. E. coli-stammen BL21(DE3) valdes som värdorganism för expressionssystemet. Systemet består av en genkassett som innehåller en T7-promotor, en 5′-UTR från genen ompA och en terminatorsekvens från RNA-operonet rrnB. Fyra kopior av genkassetten ska integreras i pseudogenerna caiB, yjjM, hsdS och yjiV. En datormodell som modellerar det egentliga kopietalet i cellerna har skapats i mjukvaran MATLAB, vilket visar att det uppskattas vara maximalt 32 kopior av genkassetten per cell på grund av replikation av kromosomen. Ett högt pH i fermentorn; att använda fed-batch och blandade kolhydratkällor; och att använda stammen BL21(DE3) minskar acetatproduktionen i cellen. En lägre acetatproduktion kan leda till en högre produkthalt. En proteinutbytesmodell för mjukvaran MATLAB har konstruerats för att uppskatta koncentrationen av Affibody®-molekylen i en E. coli cell.
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Books on the topic "Lac Operon"

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The lac Operon: A short history of a genetic paradigm. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.

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Lee, See-Lai. Studies on regulation of expression of the verotoxin operon and of the 39K replication protein of plasmid pFA3 using gene and operon fusions to lac Z. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Lao piao shuo xi. Beijing: Wen wu chu ban she, 2004.

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Zhiqi, Li, and Huang Caiyin, eds. Wo de shen xian lao ba. Taibei Shi: Bu ke wen hua chu ban shi ye bu, 2007.

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Ping min lao guan Luo Jiabao. Xianggang: San lian shu dian (Xianggang) you xian gong si, 2011.

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Zhuang yuan lao dan: Zhao Baoxiu. Beijing: Zhongguo cheng shi chu ban she, 2011.

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Jing ju yuan lai ru ci mei li. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo you yi chu ban gong si, 2009.

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Lan hua bu shang de Kun qu. Beijing Shi: Sheng huo, du shu, xin zhi san lian shu dian, 2008.

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Ziyuan, Zhang, ed. Jing ju lao dan ming jia chang qiang shang xi. Beijing: Zhongguo xi ju chu ban she, 1989.

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Xu Yulan: Ren ru bai yu xi ru lan. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai jin xiu wen zhang chu ban she, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lac Operon"

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Mobbs, Charles V., Jason W. Mastaitis, Minhua Zhang, Fumiko Isoda, Hui Cheng, and Kelvin Yen. "Secrets of the lac Operon." In Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology, 39–68. Basel: KARGER, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000096555.

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Bourgeois, Suzanne, and Jacques Monod. "In vitro Studies of the Lac Operon Regulatory System." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 3–20. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719725.ch2.

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Kaptein, R., R. Boelens, V. P. Chuprina, and J. A. C. Rullmann. "NMR Studies of Protein-Nucleic Acid Interaction: The LAC Operon." In NMR of Biological Macromolecules, 323–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79158-1_18.

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Avcu, Neslihan, Nihal Pekergin, Ferhan Pekergin, and Cüneyt Güzeliş. "Numerically Efficient Analysis of a One-Dimensional Stochastic Lac Operon Model." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 261–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22635-4_24.

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Adhya, Sankar. "The lac and gal Operons Today." In Regulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli, 181–200. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8601-8_9.

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Wolf, Klaus. "Das Funktionsprinzip des induzierbaren Operons am Beispiel des lac-Operons." In Molekularbiologie 3, 5–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55194-3_2.

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Klahold, André. "Mail, die Lan-Post." In Open Access III, 358–70. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14000-9_41.

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Riberi, Mario. "Paternal Justice in Giuseppe Verdi’s Operas." In Law and Opera, 223–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68649-3_15.

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Annunziata, Filippo, and Giorgio Fabio Colombo. "Law in the Opera, Law on the Opera, Law Around the Opera: A Multidisciplinary Approach." In Law and Opera, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68649-3_1.

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Gandetto, Pietro. "Criminal Law in Giacomo Puccini Operatic Production: The Crimes Against Persons in Tosca." In Law and Opera, 135–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68649-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lac Operon"

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Gao, Ling, Yutian Lin, Huibin Lin, Xiaoyi Jia, Jianqun Lin, and Jianqiang Lin. "Mathematical modeling of lac operon regulation dynamics." In International conference on Human Health and Medical Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hhme130611.

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Kate, Anuraag Vikram, Harish Balakrishnan, and J. Naren. "Ontology mining in Molecular Biology domain (Lac Operon problem)." In 2014 International Conference on Computer Communication & Systems (ICCCS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccs.2014.7068157.

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Ben Halim, Asma Ahmed, Krishna Busawon, and Maia Angelova. "Stochastic stability and observer design for the lac operon model." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Control, Engineering & Information Technology (CEIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceit.2015.7233118.

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Gutierrez, Natalia A. "Solving a discrete model of the lac operon using Z3." In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, edited by Harold H. Szu and Liyi Dai. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2049755.

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Kosev, Kalin, Pedro Melo-Pinto, and Olympia Roeva. "Generalized net model of the lac operon in bacterium E. coli." In 2012 6th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems (IS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/is.2012.6335224.

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Montalva, Marco, Gonzalo Ruz, and Eric Goles. "Attraction Basins in a Lac Operon Model Under Different Update Schedules." In Artificial Life 14: International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems. The MIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch109.

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Suen, Garret, and Christian Jacob. "A Symbolic and Graphical Gene Regulation Model of the lac Operon." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Mathematica Symposium. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848161313_0010.

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Lu, Lili, and Hongwei Lou. "Mathematical Description of the Lac Operon Regulation in Diauxic and Non-Diauxic Growth on Glucose and Lactose." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163028.

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Pannekok, H., A. J. Van Zonneveid, C. J. M. de vries, M. E. MacDonald, H. Veerman, and F. Blasi. "FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DELETION-MUTANTS OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643724.

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Over the past twenty-five years, genetic methods have generated a wealth of information on the regulation and the structure-function relationship of bacterial genes.These methods are based on the introduction of random mutations in a gene to alter its function. Subsequently, genetic techniques cure applied to localize the mutation, while the nature of the impairedfunction could be determined using biochemical methods. Classic examples of this approach is now considered to be the elucidation of the structure and function of genes, constituting the Escherichia coli lactose (lac) and tryptophan (trp) operons,and the detailed establishment of the structure and function of the repressor (lacl) of the lac operon. Recombinant DNA techniques and the development of appropriate expression systems have provided the means both to study structure and functionof eukaryotic (glyco-) proteins and to create defined mutations with a predestinedposition. The rationale for the construction of mutant genes should preferentiallyrely on detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the gene product.Elegant examples are the application of in vitro mutagenesis techniques to substitute amino-acid residues near the catalytic centre of subtilisin, a serine proteasefrom Bacillus species and to substituteanamino acid in the reactive site (i.e. Pi residue; methionine) of α-antitrypsin, a serine protease inhibitor. Such substitutions have resulted into mutant proteins which are less susceptible to oxidation and, in some cases, into mutant proteins with a higher specific activity than the wild-type protein.If no data are available on the ternary structure of a protein, other strategies have to be developed to construct intelligent mutants to study the relation between the structure and the function of a eukaryotic protein. At least for a number of gene families, the gene structure is thought to be created by "exon shuffling", an evolutionary recombinational process to insert an exon or a set of exons which specify an additional structural and/or functional domain into a pre-existing gene. Both the structure of the tissue-type plasminogen activator protein(t-PA) and the t-PA gene suggest that this gene has evolved as a result of exon shuffling. As put forward by Gilbert (Science 228 (1985) 823), the "acid test"to prove the validity of the exon shuffling theory is either to delete, insert or to substitute exon(s) (i.e. in the corresponding cDNA) and toassay the properties of the mutant proteins to demonstrate that an exon or a set of adjacent exons encode (s) an autonomousfunction. Indeed, by the construction of specific deletions in full-length t-PA cDNA and expression of mutant proteins intissue-culture cells, we have shown by this approach that exon 2 of thet-PA gene encodes the function required forsecretion, exon 4 encodes the "finger" domain involved in fibrin binding(presumably on undegraded fibrin) and the set of exons 8 and 9 specifies kringle 2, containing a lysine-binding sit(LBS) which interacts with carboxy-terminal lysines, generated in fibrin after plasmic digestion. Exons 10 through 14 encode the carboxy-ter-minal light chain of t-PA and harbor the catalytic centre of the molecule and represents the predominant "target site" for the fast-acting endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1).As a follow-up of this genetic approach to construct deletion mutants of t-PA, we also created substitution mutants of t-PA. Different mutants were constructed to substitute cDNA encoding thelight chain of t-PA by cDNA encoding the B-chain of urokinase (u-PA), in order to demonstrate that autonomous structural and functional domains of eitherone of the separate molecules are able toexert their intrinsic properties in a different context (C.J.M. de Vries et al., this volume). The possibilities and the limitations of this approach to study the structure and the function of t-PA and of other components of the fibrinolytic process will be outlined.
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Ruz, Gonzalo A., Daniel Ashlock, Thomas Ledger, and Eric Goles. "Inferring bistable lac operen Boolean regulatory networks using evolutionary computation." In 2017 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibcb.2017.8058531.

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Reports on the topic "Lac Operon"

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Gerd Moe-Behrens, Gerd Moe-Behrens. Leukippos - an open synthetic biology lab in the cloud. Experiment, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/0696.

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Arroyo, Liliana, Marc Payola, and Erika Molina. Economía de plataformas y COVID-19: Una mirada a las actividades de reparto, los cuidados y los servicios virtuales en España y América Latina. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003020.

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La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha acelerado tendencias en la economía digital que no se preveían alcanzar hasta dentro de cinco o diez años, alterado nuestra cotidianeidad, fomentando desde nuevas dinámicas sociales hasta nuevos patrones de consumo, al mismo tiempo que ha supuesto un verdadero punto de inflexión en muchos ámbitos de nuestra vida personal y colectiva. Uno de los sectores que ha sufrido un impacto mayor es el de la economía digital, y, especialmente el de la economía de plataformas, tanto a nivel económico como laboral. Las plataformas digitales han iniciado un proceso de adaptación a este nuevo contexto para ajustarse a las nuevas necesidades de consumidores, empresas y trabajadores. Sin embargo, todavía existe poca información acerca de la magnitud de los impactos de la COVID-19 en la economía de plataformas y sobre las medidas que el sector está tomando para adaptarse a esta nueva realidad. Por ello el laboratorio de Digital Future Society (DFS Lab) y el laboratorio de innovación del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID Lab) han elaborado este informe en el que se recoge la voz de 34 plataformas laborales digitales que operan en España y/o en América Latina en alguno de los tres sectores analizados: los repartos, los cuidados y los servicios virtuales. Este informe presenta sus experiencias en relación con el impacto de la COVID-19 y su percepción del futuro de la economía de plataformas.
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Arango-Arango, Carlos A., and Yanneth Rocío Betancourt-García. COSTOS DEL COMERCIO EN EL PROCESAMIENTO DE LOS PAGOS EN COLOMBIA. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1143.

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En Colombia se han logrado importantes avances en el acceso a productos transaccionales ofrecidos por el sistema financiero, sin embargo, su uso aún es bajo, y las empresas y los consumidores continúan utilizando de manera intensiva el efectivo. Una de las razones por las cuales los colombianos prefieren el efectivo para realizar sus pagos cotidianos es la limitada aceptación de pagos electrónicos por parte de los comercios, lo que se explica en parte por la percepción que tienen éstos sobre los altos costos relativos de operar con pagos electrónicos versus operar con efectivo. Con el fin de tener una medición integral de los costos privados de los comercios en la aceptación y uso de diferentes instrumentos de pago, el Banco de la República realizó en 2018 una encuesta a comercios que aceptan tanto efectivo como tarjetas de pago. Este documento presenta los resultados de dicha encuesta. Las estimaciones muestran que el efectivo es significativamente menos costoso que las tarjetas débito y crédito a la hora de recibir pagos en los comercios. Dicha estructura de costos se replica para los pagos que realizan los comercios asociados con sus gastos de funcionamiento, para los cuales se encuentra que los costos de los pagos electrónicos llegan a ser más del doble que los de los pagos en efectivo. Así las cosas, para los comercios, operar con efectivo resulta más económico que operar con instrumentos de pago electrónicos.
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Hilt, Eric. Corporation Law and the Shift toward Open Access in the Antebellum United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21195.

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Durán Toledo, Diego. Carabineros: Crisis Institucional, el “enemigo interno” y la necesidad de refundación. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/20.500.12728/9051202118.

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La lógica del enemigo interno utilizada por carabineros puede ser extrapolada a grandes sectores de la población que podrían ser parte de alguno o más grupos anteriormente nombrados y/o simplemente ser críticos circunstanciales del actuar policial. O sea, que se está creando un clima similar a los años más duros de la dictadura de Pinochet, donde Carabineros de Chile, se ha transformado en una institución no solamente de sometimiento por parte del Estado a raíz de cuestiones políticos, sino que también ha desarrollado un comportamiento propio de grupos que operan con independencia del poder civil, cometiendo una serie de crímenes en virtud de la defensa de sus intereses organizacionales.
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Bustelo, Monserrat, Agustina Suaya, and Mariana Viollaz. Open configuration options El futuro del trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿Cómo será el mercado laboral para las mujeres? (versión para imprimir). Inter-American Development Bank, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001934.

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Fieldsend, Astrid. Evidence and Lessons Learned Regarding the Effect of Equitable Quality Education on ‘Open Society’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.094.

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The purpose of this review is to assist FCDO in understanding the evidence of impact and any valuable lessons regarding the effect equitable quality education can have on ‘open society’. The search revealed that there is a considerable volume of evidence which focuses on education’s ability to reduce poverty, increase economic growth, boost employability and achieve better health outcomes. There is less which focuses on the aspects of ‘open society’ as defined in this paper. The scope of this review was narrowed to focus upon areas of the ‘open society’ definition where the most evidence does exist, given the timeframe for the review. The scope was narrowed to focus on: democracy, civic engagement, and social cohesion. The review of the literature found strong evidence that equitable quality education can have a range of positive impacts on democracy (specifically, its institutions and processes), civic engagement and social cohesion. There is a considerable body of evidence which indicates that there is a correlation between equitable quality education and benefits to societies (more peaceful, higher levels of trust, greater participation in politics, etc). However, there was no clear evidence that investment in equitable quality education directly leads to positive societal outcomes. This is because there are so many other factors to account for in attempting to prove causation. The lack of rigorous studies which attempt to attribute causation demonstrates a clear evidence gap. It is important to note that education systems themselves are politicised and cannot be divorced from the political process. The extent to which education can impact positively on open society depends a great deal on the value education has within the political system in which it is operating.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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Pineda Martínez, Paula. Relaciones Públicas Online de excelencia: Las empresas energéticas del IBEX 35 ante el reto de comunicar su conducta responsable en un contexto abierto e interactivo (Mayo-Julio de 2012). Excellence in Online Public Relations: IBEX 35 energy companies facing the challenge of communicating their responsible behavior in an open and intective context (May-July 2012). Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-5-2013-11-189-208.

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Andreasen, Eugenia, and Victoria Nuguer. Capital Flow Management Measures and Dollarization. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002905.

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This paper studies from an empirical and theoretical perspective the systemic and bank-level effects of imposing reserve requirements (RR) in foreign currency in an economy with a heavily dollarized financial system. The paper empirically characterizes banks responses to the RR carried out by the Peruvian Central Bank since 2008 with the objective of stabilizing the financial market and meeting its policy targets. The results suggest that the RR is effective in reducing the overall level of credit in the economy and that banks response in terms of credit and deposits is very heterogeneous depending on their ex ante preference for foreign funding ratio, i.e., the ratio of deposits in dollars to total loans. Motivated by the empirical insights, the paper builds a DSGE small-open-economy model with financial frictions à la Gertler-Karadi-Kiyotaki, where bank heterogeneity and financial dollarization are introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of the differential RR in reducing financial dollarization and improving financial resilience.
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