Journal articles: 'Lac (Québec)'

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VandenBerg, Alfons H. M. "Revision of zonal and related graptolites of the Lancefieldian–Bendigonian (early Floian) graptolite sequence in Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 129, no. 2 (2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs17007.

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The topmost Lancefieldian (La3, earliest Floian, Early Ordovician) Paratetragraptus approximatus Biozone of Victoria contains a previously undocumented graptolite fauna that includes, in addition to the nominative species, Paratetragraptus cooperi sp. nov., P. thomassmithi sp. nov., P. acclinans, P.? henrywilliamsi sp. nov., and Tshallograptus cymulus gen. et sp. nov., interpreted as the direct ancestor of Tshallograptus fruticosus (J. Hall). Taxa such as Kinnegraptus, Laxograptus, Pseudobryograptus, Phyllograptus, Tetragraptus and Loganograptus also make their first appearance in this zone. The succeeding Bendigonian stage, traditionally subdivided into four biozones using overlapping ranges of P. approximatus and the four- and three-stiped morphs of the T. fruticosus clade, is revised to accommodate the earlier than documented appearance of the 3-stiped morph, here renamed Tshallograptus tridens sp. nov., in the Be1 Biozone. The new subdivision consists of three biozones: Be1 P. approximatus + T. fruticosus Biozone, Be2+3 T. fruticosus + T. tridens Biozone, and Be4 T. tridens Biozone. T. tridens is vanishingly rare in Be1 and Be2 but appears in abundance in Be3 which is retained as a local subzone.

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Emard, Jean Fran�ois, Pierre Andre, Jean Pierre Thouez, Jean Mathieu, Camil Boily, Michel Beaudry, Andree Cholette, et al. "Geographical distribution of Alzheimer's disease cases at birth and the geochemical profile of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean/Qu�bec, Canada (image project)." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 72, no. 1-4 (January 1994): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01257128.

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Szczurek, Witold, Mohamed Nabil Alloui, and Damian Józefiak. "The Effects of Dietary Whey Lactose and Lactobacillus Agilis Bacteria on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Conditions of the Digestive Tract and the Caecal Microbial Ecology of Broiler Chickens." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0045.

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AbstractThe principal goal of this study was to assess the responses of broiler chickens raised on floor litter to the 2% dietary level of lactose (LAC) originating from dried whey fed in combination with live culture of Lactobacillus agilis bacteria (90 million cells/kg diet) in terms of the performance and basic postslaughter parameters, the lumen pH in some alimentary tract segments, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA ) in the total (T) and undissociated (UD) forms and count of selected microbial populations in the caeca determined by fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH). A parallel aim was to evaluate the outcomes from the combined supplementation in comparison with feeding of LAC and the L. agilis bacteria as separate dietary supplements. Six hundred and forty Ross 308 chickens were placed in 16 floor pens (40 birds per pen having equal sex ratio) and were provided with free access to the feed (a mash maize-wheat-soybean meal-based diet) and water. Dietary treatments provided from day 8 to 42 of age were: LAC-free basal diet (CON), LAC-containing diet (CON + LAC), LAC-free diet with the addition of L. agilis (CON + BAC) and LAC-containing diet with addition of L. agilis (CON + LAC + BAC). The LAC supplementation caused significant decreases in the luminal pH of the crop, ileum and caeca, and the addition of the L. agilis bacteria reduced the pH in the crop and caeca. The overall concentration of total (T) volatile fatty acids was higher in the caeca of broilers receiving the LAC-containing diets. Both the LAC and the BAC supplements, independently from one another, resulted in significantly greater caecal levels of UD acetate, propionate and butyrate. The FISH analysis revealed that counts of Bacteroides sp./Prevotella sp. group were higher after the inclusion of LAC in the feed. All three dietary supplementations significantly reduced the total counts of the family Enterobacteriaceae and decreased the number of naturally occurring C. perfringens bacteria compared with the basal control diet (CON). Neither LAC inclusion nor BAC addition to the diet affected the counts of the Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group. The synergistic effects of the simultaneous supplementation of LAC and L. agilis were found on the T butyrate concentration and on C. perfringens and the Enterobacteriaceae counts. No improvements in the body weight gains and post-slaughter traits were observed due to uncombined and combined supplementation with 2% LAC and L. agilis, indicating that the shifts in composition of the caecal microbiota toward a healthier composition by using these additives were not large enough to create the positive growth rate and processing yields responses in broilers maintained in a litter-floor environment.

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Jones, Charles E. (Charles Ellwood). "Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East 1500-300 b.c. (review)." Libraries & the Cultural Record 39, no. 3 (2004): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lac.2004.0052.

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Jones, Allan. "Brains, Tortoises, and Octopuses: Postwar Interpretations of Mechanical Intelligence on the BBC." Information & Culture: A Journal of History 51, no. 1 (2016): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lac.2016.0004.

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Davis, Donald G., and Jon Arvid Aho. "The Great Libraries: From Antiquity to the Renaissance (3000 b.c. to 1600 a.d.) (review)." Libraries & the Cultural Record 36, no. 2 (2001): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lac.2001.0030.

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Tran, Hieu V. "Current status of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and result of isolating AHPND-causing strains of farmed shrimp in Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam." Journal of Agriculture and Development 20, no. 02 (April 29, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.5.02.2021.

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Early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (EMS/AHPND) was first detected in China in 2009. The disease spread rapidly to neighboring countries and emerged in almost major shrimp-producing regions in the world, including Vietnam. The disease has caused serious damage to the global shrimp industry and so far, there is no effective cure. In order to understand the current status of AHPND, and then to introduce effective prevention and detection measures, we collected data and shrimp samples in some provinces in the Mekong Delta to analyze and isolate the pathogenic strains. The results of our study conducted from 2014 - 2018 in four provinces (Ben Tre, Long An, Bac Lieu, Kien Giang) showed that AHPND damaged from 2.0 to 57.2% of the total shrimp farming area. In addition, we isolated 10 AHPND-positive strains via culturing and PCR. The results of representative sequencing of three strains LA1, LA5, and LA8 showed that they were 100% similarity with the previously published strain XN89. These isolated strains are used as a collection for further studies on the origin and mechanism of the disease by whole genome sequencing.

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Duan, Hao-Jie, Cheng-Xiong Yang, and Xiu-Ping Yan. "Chiral metal–organic framework coated quartz crystal microbalance for chiral discrimination." RSC Advances 5, no. 39 (2015): 30577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01204j.

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Cross, Cassandra, and Rosalie Gillett. "Exploiting trust for financial gain: an overview of business email compromise (BEC) fraud." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2020-0026.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore current knowledge of business email compromise (BEC) fraud, or approaches that specifically target organisations for financial gain, through the exploitation of trusted relationships. BEC fraud affects organisations globally and is estimated to have netted offenders over US$26bn since 2016. Despite the sheer magnitude of these losses, there is a dearth of academic research seeking to better understand this crime type, and prevent it from occurring. Design/methodology/approach This review summarises the known literature on BEC fraud. It uses a variety of academic and industry sources to ascertain the current state of knowledge, including how it is perpetrated, its impact (on businesses and individuals), how law enforcement have responded and its prevention. Findings This review highlights many gaps in knowledge surrounding BEC fraud. There has been a large focus on the technical aspects of BEC fraud, to the detriment of the human elements. Often, BEC fraud is successful through targeted and effective use of social engineering techniques and is able to overcome any technical solutions through the manipulation of personal relationships. Further, while the financial impacts of BEC fraud are obvious, there is no known research which has explored the non-financial harms of BEC fraud (across organisational and individual perspectives). With companies starting to (unsuccessfully) take legal action against those who have responded, there is a clear need to understand how organisations can better respond to incidents when they occur. Finally, there are gaps in knowledge on what is the best combination of both technical and human measures to prevent BEC fraud. Research limitations/implications This review is based on information presently available, and as indicated, there are significant gaps in what is currently known. Practical implications This review highlights the need to undertake research into the current gaps, with a view to improving best practice knowledge on prevention and response. Social implications Currently unknown, BEC fraud is posited to have significant impacts at both personal and collective levels. Increased knowledge of these non-financial impacts will improve how organisations respond to BEC fraud and how employees can be supported before and after an incident occurs. Originality/value Despite the magnitude of the problem, there is limited academic scholarship on BEC fraud. This literature review offers a summary of current knowledge and advocates a strong research agenda moving forward.

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Trofimova, Olesya Y., Arina V. Maleeva, Irina V. Ershova, Anton V. Cherkasov, Georgy K. Fukin, Rinat R. Aysin, Konstantin A. Kovalenko, and Alexandr V. Piskunov. "Heteroleptic LaIII Anilate/Dicarboxylate Based Neutral 3D-Coordination Polymers." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092486.

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Three new 3D metal–organic frameworks of lanthanum based on mixed anionic ligands, [(La2(pQ)2(BDC)4)·4DMF]n, [(La2(pQ)2(DHBDC)4)·4DMF]n, [(La2(CA)2(BDC)4)·4DMF]n (pQ—dianion of 2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-di-tert-butyl-para-quinone, CA—dianion of chloranilic acid, BDC-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, DHBDC-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate and DMF-N,N′-dimethylformamide), were synthesized using solvothermal methodology. Coordination polymers demonstrate the rare xah or 4,6T187 topology of a 3D framework. The homoleptic 2D-coordination polymer [(La2(pQ)3)·4DMF]n was obtained as a by-product in the course of synthetic procedure optimization. The thermal stability, spectral characteristics and porosity of coordination polymers were investigated.

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Cui, Hong, and Sarah Stacy. "Welcome to LAC/Bienvenue à BAC: A New Bilingual NACO Partner." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 58, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2020.1724224.

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Cazap, E. L., A. Buzaid, R. Chacon, C. Garbino, J. de la Garza, A. Guercovich, E. Mickiewicz, F. Orlandi, G. Schwartsmann, and C. Vallejos. "Breast cancer care in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 21140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21140.

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21140 Background: This study was designed to evaluate breast cancer care (BCC) in LAC trough a survey of 65 questions. Methods: We surveyed 96 opinion leaders (OL) from 12 countries that were first contacted by a researcher explaining the project and methodology. A phone interview was done by a specialist in epidemiology surveys. Answers were analyzed by center or country with Intercooled State 8 software (State Corp.) Results: 92 % OL confirm that there is no country law or guidelines making mandatory mammographyc screening. Nearly 75% of the OL stated that some type of cancer registry was available. The first consultation is done by gynecologists or breast cancer surgeons (83%), clinicians (13%) and surgeons (4%).Time lapsed from consultation until pathologic diagnosis was less than 3 months in 62% (country) and 91% (centers). Accessibility for hormone receptor and molecular markers is very good in specialized centers: 90% and 83% respectively but it is only available to 52% and 5% of country patients. Conservative surgery is widely accepted (87%) and 71% OL are able to perform sentinel node biopsies (centers). Systemic treatment is mainly based in Anthracyclines and Tamoxifen. The treatment coverage at centers is through medical insurance companies (53%), government (28%) and patient (19%) while 67% of country patients are government covered. Radiation treatment is mainly indicated by oncologists and 62% consider that radiotherapy centers in their countries are insufficient. There is adequate availability of morphine for 93% (centers) and 82% (countries).The choice of the chemotherapy or hormonal adjuvant treatment is free for 74% of those surveyed at their centers and in 23% is pre-established by the coverage. Majority of opinions are that all types of research are deficient. It is mainly organized in public institutions and sponsored by pharmaceutical companies (76%). Full results will be presented. Conclusions: We obtained data about the reality of BCC in the region. There is a general lack of prevention plans. Time to diagnosis and first treatment is similar to developed countries. Treatment according to stage is similar to international standards. Radiotherapy availability is poor. Based on this data a strategic plan for BCC in LAC will be developed. Supported by a grant from The Breast Cancer Research Foundation No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Sun, XingLi. "Performance analysis of BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C data/pilot component pseudo random noise codes." Journal of Applied Geodesy 12, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0012.

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Abstract The Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes is an important part of the GNSS system based on Codes Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and it is the key to channel separation and satellite distinction. The GNSS system excellent performance characteristics of multiple access and spread spectrum are realized by the PRN codes. According to the officially released Interface Control Documents (ICDs), the Beidou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) B1C and GPS L1C have chosen the Weil codes as PRN codes whose generation is based on the number theoretic method. The Weil codes has the advantages of flexible codes length, good performance and large candidate set, therefore, this paper mainly studies 63 pairs of data/pilot channel PRN codes for BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C. On the basis of introducing BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C PRN codes, mainly for the Weil codes generation principle, codes evaluation criteria and intra-system and inter-system odd/even auto-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics are simulated in detail. The experimental results show that the upper limit value, lower limit value, the mean and standard deviation of the odd auto-correlation and cross-correlation of the PRN codes of the BDS-3 B1C signal were better than those of the GPS L1C PRN codes. The performance of odd and even cross-correlation are almost similar between BDS-3 B1C and GPS L1C signal inter-systems, which are slightly worse than the intra-system, and the upper limit value of the inter-system is lower than 2.94 dB in the GPS L1C intra-system.

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BAŞARAN, FATMA NUR, and ÖZGE KILIÇ. "NALLIHAN CLOTH WEAVING WITH NEEDLE LACE." E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2014): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2014.9.2.2c0048.

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Tremblay, Germain. "Glaciation et déglaciation dans la région Saguenay - Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 15, no. 36 (April 12, 2005): 467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020982ar.

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Le Lac Saint-Jean est situé à l'intérieur du Bouclier Canadien aux sources du Saguenay. Il occupe la partie sud-est d'une dépression structurale d'environ 65 milles (105 km) de long par 35 milles (55 km) de large, limitée sur trois côtés par des escarpements de faille. Les basses terres du Lac-Saint-Jean se situent entre 350 et 600 pieds (100 et 180 m) au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Les hautes terres environnantes dominent de 200 pieds (60 m) à 2 500 pieds (750 m) environ la surface des basses terres. Aucun sédiment interglaciaire n'a été trouvé, jusqu'ici, dans la région Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Il semble donc que cette région fut entièrement couverte de glace au cours du Wisconsin et que le glacier ne se retira probablement pas de la région au cours de cette période glaciaire, contrairement aux basses terres du Saint-Laurent, plus au sud, qui furent découvertes à un stade du Wisconsin et où l'on a trouvé des sédiments interglaciaires datant de plus de 40 000 ans B.P. (38 050 B.C.). Les formes liées à l'écoulement glaciaire : drumlins, crêtes morainiques, stries glaciaires et roches moutonnées, notamment celles localisées sur les hautes terres du Bouclier canadien, indiquent que le glacier progressait, au maximum wisconsinien, suivant une direction générale SSO et sud. Par contre, dans les basses terres du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, les stries et les dispositions de cailloux traduisent un écoulement vers le sud-est. Plusieurs stries sont plus ou moins parallèles aux vallées du Saguenay et du Lac Kenogami. Ces dernières ont probablement été formées à la fin de la période glaciaire alors que la glace était mince et que son écoulement était conditionné par ces deux vallées, ainsi que par l'escarpement de faille dans la partie sud du Lac-Saint-Jean.

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Moran-Taylor, Michelle. "How Development Projects Persist: Everyday Negotiation with Guatemalan NGOs by Erin Beck." Journal of Latin American Geography 19, no. 2 (2020): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2020.0038.

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Hsieh, Hung-I., Sheng-Fang Shih, Jen-Hao Hsieh, and Chi-Hao Wang. "Photovoltaic High-Frequency Pulse Charger for Lead-Acid Battery under Maximum Power Point Tracking." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/687693.

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A photovoltaic pulse charger (PV-PC) using high-frequency pulse train for charging lead-acid battery (LAB) is proposed not only to explore the charging behavior with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) but also to delay sulfating crystallization on the electrode pores of the LAB to prolong the battery life, which is achieved due to a brief pulse break between adjacent pulses that refreshes the discharging of LAB. Maximum energy transfer between the PV module and a boost current converter (BCC) is modeled to maximize the charging energy for LAB under different solar insolation. A duty control, guided by a power-increment-aided incremental-conductance MPPT (PI-INC MPPT), is implemented to the BCC that operates at maximum power point (MPP) against the random insolation. A 250 W PV-PC system for charging a four-in-series LAB (48 Vdc) is examined. The charging behavior of the PV-PC system in comparison with that of CC-CV charger is studied. Four scenarios of charging statuses of PV-BC system under different solar insolation changes are investigated and compared with that using INC MPPT.

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Irons, Jessica G., Derek A. Pope, Allyson E. Pierce, Ryan A. Van Patten, and Brantley P. Jarvis. "Contingency Management to Induce Exercise Among College Students." Behaviour Change 30, no. 2 (April 11, 2013): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2013.8.

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Objective: The effects of contingency management to induce physical activity levels were examined in seven non-obese physically inactive undergraduate students by providing monetary payments using a multiple baseline, changing-criterion procedure. Methods: Participants attended a baseline phase, a subsequent intervention phase consisting of three exercise sessions per week for 4 weeks, and a follow-up session 2 weeks post intervention. A total of $145 was available for attendance and exercise contingency payments. Results: Results indicate that all participants significantly increased exercise during intervention from inactivity at baseline to exercising three 30-minute sessions per week. Participants maintained some gains during follow-up. Limitations: The study employed a small and homogenous sample size and required participants to exercise in a lab setting thus limiting external validity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that incentive-based interventions are an effective and viable means for inducing exercise.

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Flores-Salamanca, Rebeca, and Luis Fernando Aragón-Vargas. "Postexercise rehydration with beer impairs fluid retention, reaction time, and balance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 10 (October 2014): 1175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0576.

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Beer is promoted by popular media as a good choice for rehydration, but there is limited support for the claim. To assess the effect of beer alcohol on rehydration and motor control, 11 young (24.4 ± 3.7 years old) males of legal drinking age were dehydrated to 2.12% ± 0.20% body mass (mean ± SD) by exercising in a climatic chamber (31.7 ± 1.6 °C, 55.0% ± 8.3% relative humidity) on 3 different days, 1 week apart, and rehydrated with 100% of their sweat loss using water (WATER), 4.6% alcohol beer (BEER), or low-alcohol beer (LAB), in random order. Urine output, blood alcohol content (BAC), reaction time (RT), and balance (as measured by center of pressure velocity (VCoP)) were measured every 30 min over 3 h and compared via 2-way, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs). After consuming ≈1.6 L in 1 h, urine output was greater for BEER (1218 ± 279 mL) than for LAB (745 ± 313 mL, p = 0.007) and WATER (774 ± 304 mL, p = 0.043). BAC remained at 0 with WATER and LAB; with BEER, BAC reached 0.857 g/L (95% confidence intervals [0.752, 0.963]) immediately postrehydration. RT was longer for BEER (0.314 ± 0.039 s) than for LAB (0.294 ± 0.034 s, p = 0.009), but was no different from WATER (0.293 ± 0.049 s, p = 0.077). VCoPx was significantly higher for BEER (0.0284 ± 0.0020 m/s) compared with LAB (0.0233 ± 0.0010 m/s) or WATER (0.0238 ± 0.0010 m/s) (p = 0.022), but VCoPy was not different among beverages. In conclusion, rehydration with BEER resulted in higher diuresis, slower RT, and impaired VCoP than rehydration with LAB or WATER.

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Martaus, Alaine. "Camp by L.C. Rosen." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 73, no. 10 (2020): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2020.0370.

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Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon, Francisca Palomares, Maria Salas, Almudena Testera-Montes, Adriana Ariza, Ignacio Davila, Joan Bartra, Cristobalina Mayorga, Maria Jose Torres, and Carmen Rondon. "Precision Medicine in House Dust Mite-Driven Allergic Asthma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 3827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123827.

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House dust mites (HDMs) are the allergenic sources most frequently involved in airway allergy. Nevertheless, not every sensitized patient develops respiratory symptoms upon exposure to HDM, and there is a clinical need to differentiate allergic asthmatics (AAs) from atopic non-allergic asthmatics with HDM sensitization. This differentiation sometimes requires in vivo provocations like the bronchial allergen challenge (BAC). Interestingly, recent data demonstrate that non-atopic patients with asthma can also develop positive BAC results. This novel phenotype has been termed local allergic asthma (LAA). The interest in identifying the allergic triggers of asthma resides in the possibility of administering allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT is a disease-modifying intervention, the clinical benefit of which persists after therapy discontinuation. Recently, new modalities of sublingual tablets of HDM immunotherapy registered as pharmaceutical products (HDM-SLIT tablets) have become commercially available. HDM-SLIT tablets have demonstrated a robust effect over critical asthma parameters (dose of inhaled corticosteroids, exacerbations, and safety), thus being recommended by international guidelines for patients with HDM-driven AA. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the phenotype and endotype of HDM-driven AA, and LAA, address the difficulties for BAC implementation in the clinic, and discuss the effects of AIT in AA and LAA.

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Guo, Jia Meng, Lei Yi, Ke Wu Peng, He Li Ma, and Ren Chen. "Effects of CeO₂ Addition on Mechanical Properties of LaB₆/B₄C Composites." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.17.

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The properties of CeO2-LaB6/B4C composite material prepared by hot pressed sintering method was tested, CeO2as a sintering aid for boron carbide is investigated in this paper. The study shows: the hardness of CeO2-LaB6/B4C composite increases with the content of CeO2. The density, hardness, flexibility strength and the fracture toughness of LaB6/B4C composites is greatly improved compared by CeO2additive. When the content of the CeO2is 1wt%, LaB6/B4C composite has its the best mechanical properties. The density reaches its supreme value of 2.676 g/cm3, the hardness reaches its supreme value of 39.19 GPa, the flexibility strength reaches its supreme value of 354.15 MPa and the fracture toughness reaches its supreme value of 5.15 MPa.m1/2. In conclusion, the density, hardness and flexibility strength of LaB6/B4C composite is improved by CeO2additive. However,it gives little effect on fracture toughness of LaB6/B4C composite. The main fracture way of CeO2-LaB6/B4C composite material is intercrystalline rupture, while the transcrystalline rupture is minor.

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Bush, Elizabeth. "Maker Lab by Jack Challoner." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 70, no. 1 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2016.0762.

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April Spisak. "The Lab (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 62, no. 4 (2008): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.0.0535.

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Dupont, J. "Extent of acidification in Southwestern Qu�bec lakes." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 17, no. 2-3 (1991): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00399302.

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Fleming, Patricia. "Education and Training of Special Collections Professionals, Librarians, and Archivists in Canada." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.7.1.259.

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I would like to open with two recent national events. The first concerns Library and Archives Canada/Bibliothèque et Archives Canada (LAC/BAC), a new institution created by federal legislation proclaimed on May 21, 2004, in a merger of the National Archives and the National Library. The National Archives was the older of the two entities. Established in 1872, it was the first cultural agency created after Confederation in 1867. An active collector from the outset, the Archives maintained offices in London and Paris, collected documentary art, photographs, and artifacts (including war trophies during the First World War), as well as books . . .

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Henkin, Y., A. Abu-Ful, I. Shai, and P. Crystal. "Lack of Association between Breast Artery Calcification Seen on Mammography and Coronary Artery Disease on Angiography." Journal of Medical Screening 10, no. 3 (September 2003): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914130301000308.

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Objectives: Some studies have found correlations between the presence of breast artery calcium (BAC) observed on routine mammograms and risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether such calcifications could predict the presence of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: A total of 319 female patients between 50 and 70 years of age, 187 with significant CAD and 132 with angiographically normal coronary arteries, were randomly selected from a computerised database of our central catheterisation laboratory. The patients' mammograms were evaluated independently for the presence of BAC in a blinded fashion by an experienced breast radiologist, and additional clinical data were extracted from clinical charts. Results: The women in the CAD group were older (62.5 vs 60.7 years, p=0.05) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Although the prevalence of BAC was marginally higher in the CAD group (43.9% vs 37.1 %, p=0.138), this tendency was eliminated after controlling for confounders. Multiple regression analyses indicated that only age above 63 years (odds ratio [OR]=3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.8–4.9) and hypertension (OR=2.2, 95% CI= 1.2–4.1), but not angiographic evidence of CAD (OR=1.0,95% CI=0.6–1.6), predict with BAC on mammography. Conclusions: Despite correlation with some risk factors For CAD, the presence of BAC does not differentiate between patients with angiographic evidence of CAD and those with angiographically normal coronary arteries.

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Stringer, Richard J. "Are Buzzed Drivers Really the Problem: A Quasi-Experimental Multilevel Assessment of the Involvement of Drivers With Low Blood Alcohol Levels in Fatal Crashes." Criminal Justice Policy Review 29, no. 5 (March 17, 2016): 464–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416637187.

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Controversy over drivers with low blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) have become a highly salient issue since the proposal to reduce the per se BAC limit to .05 for driving under the influence (DUI) convictions. However, little traffic safety, and no criminological research, has examined this phenomenon. This study fills a deficiency in the literature by utilizing quasi-experimental propensity score matching techniques in combination with multilevel modeling to examine the extent of involvement of low BAC drivers in fatal crashes. The results indicate that low BAC drivers are only involved in a very small portion of crashes and are not at fault in many. In addition, although drivers with low BAC have an increased odds of responsibility for a crash than drivers with no BAC, this increase is much lower than other factors such as age, speed, distractions, drug use, and high BAC. This study discusses the implications of focusing resources on drivers that are not considerable contributors to crashes, such as a predicted increase in arrests.

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Widell, Magnus. "Use of Aspect-Tense Verbal Forms in Akkadian Texts of the Hammurapi Period (1792-1750 B.C.) (review)." Language 80, no. 3 (2004): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0159.

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Adunphatcharaphon, Saowalak, Awanwee Petchkongkaew, and Wonnop Visessanguan. "In Vitro Mechanism Assessment of Zearalenone Removal by Plant-Derived Lactobacillus plantarum BCC 47723." Toxins 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040286.

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Zearalenone (ZEA) is a harmful secondary fungal metabolite, produced primarily by plant pathogenic fungi mostly belonging to the genus Fusarium. It is involved in reproductive disorders in animals since its structure is similar to the estrogen hormone. This induces precocious pubertal changes, fertility problems, and hyper estrogenic disorders. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the ZEA removal capacity of plant-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and to investigate the possible components and mechanisms involved in the removal of ZEA by physically and chemically treated plant-derived LAB. The bacterial cells were characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the analysis of zeta potential, and hydrophobic index. Results revealed that 17 out of 33 plant-derived LAB exhibited ZEA removal from liquid medium. The percentage of removal ranged from 0.5–23% and Lactobacillus plantarum BCC 47723, isolated from wild spider flower pickle (Pag-sian-dorng), exhibited the highest removal. The alteration of proteins on L. plantarum BCC 47723 structure by Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) treatment was positively affected on ZEA removal, whereas that of lipids on ZEA removal was negatively observed. Heat treatment influenced the higher ZEA adsorption. SEM images showed that the morphologies of modified bacterial cells were distinctly deformed and damaged when compared with untreated control. FTIR analysis indicated that the original functional groups, which included amide (C=O, C-N), carboxyl (C=O, C-O, O-H), methylene (C=C), and alcohol (O-H) groups, were not changed after ZEA adsorption. The zeta potential indicated that electrostatic interaction was not involved in the ZEA removal, while hydrophobicity was the main force to interact with ZEA. These findings can conclude that adsorption by hydrophobicity is the main mechanism for ZEA removal of plant-derived L. plantarum BCC 47723. The alteration of bacterial cell structure by heat treatment enhanced the efficiency of L. plantarum BCC 47723 for ZEA reduction. Its activity can be protected by the freeze-drying technique. Hence, plant-derived L. plantarum BCC 47723 can be considered as an organic adsorbent for ZEA reduction in food and feedstuff.

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Fortin, Claude. "The Maple Spring as the Background for the Flourishing of the Fifth Estate in QuÃ©bec." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2014): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v6i1.86.

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The political disengagement of the Millennials has long been a subject of scholarly debate. Using ethnographic research methods, our lab conducted a multi-sited field study to investigate the digital practices of some of the community networks that have emerged or consolidated since the Maple Spring. Our field findings suggest that the Millennial student protesters â€“ alongside citizens from all generations who have lent them their support â€“ have actively engaged in their own forms of political participation and by doing so, have helped to firmly entrench the Fifth Estate in QuÃ©bec society. In particular, we have found that these grassroots networks might have expanded QuÃ©becâ€™s alternative press by using interactive technologies to self-publish, self-represent and self-document issues that are of great concern to them and have typically not been topics up for debate on the public agenda. Our analysis brings to the fore the fraught relationship between the Fifth Estate and the four traditional democratic institutions.

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Branà, Maria Teresa, Lucrezia Sergio, Miriam Haidukowski, Antonio F. Logrieco, and Claudio Altomare. "Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 by a Sustainable Enzymatic Extract from Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus eryngii." Toxins 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010049.

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Ligninolytic enzymes from white-rot fungi, such as laccase (Lac) and Mn-peroxidase (MnP), are able to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most harmful among the known mycotoxins. The high cost of purification of these enzymes has limited their implementation into practical technologies. Every year, tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are produced as a by-product of edible mushroom cultivation, such as Pleurotus spp., and disposed at a cost for farmers. SMS may still bea source of ligninolytic enzymes useful for AFB1 degradation. The in vitro AFB1-degradative activity of an SMS crude extract (SMSE) was investigated. Results show that: (1) in SMSE, high Lac activity (4 U g−1 dry matter) and low MnP activity (0.4 U g−1 dry matter) were present; (2) after 1 d of incubation at 25 °C, the SMSE was able to degrade more than 50% of AFB1, whereas after 3 and 7 d of incubation, the percentage of degradation reached the values of 75% and 90%, respectively; (3) with increasing pH values, the degradation percentage increased, reaching 90% after 3 d at pH 8. Based on these results, SMS proved to be a suitable source of AFB1 degrading enzymes and the use of SMSE to detoxify AFB1 contaminated commodities appears conceivable.

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Kozlova, Svetlana G., Denis P. Pishchur, and Marsel R. Gallyamov. "Thermal effects in guest-host systems: [Zn2 (bdc)(S-lac)(dmf)]•PhEtOH: A DSC and NMR study." Chirality 29, no. 3-4 (March 2017): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.22682.

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Williams, Jocelyn S., Shannen M. Stronge, Gyles Iannone, and Fred J. Longstaffe. "EXAMINING CHRONOLOGICAL TRENDS IN ANCIENT MAYA DIET AT MINANHA, BELIZE, USING THE STABLE ISOTOPES OF CARBON AND NITROGEN." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 2 (June 2017): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.13.

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We present the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of bone collagen and bone bioapatite from the ancient Maya center of Minanha, Belize (ca. 100 B.C. to A.D. 1260). The purpose of this research was to reconstruct diet and investigate the influence of sociopolitical and environmental factors. Overall, diet was relatively stable over time, with maize being a staple in all periods. Maize consumption reached its peak in the transitional Early to Middle Classic periods and decreased over time. When isotope data from dry periods were compared to normal periods, there were no significant differences, although comparisons of isotope data by burial location and type suggest that the apical or ruling elite consumed a more diverse diet, with more animal protein, relative to the lesser elites. The temporal variability in maize consumption seems best explained by sociopolitical factors documented at Minanha and within the Vaca Plateau. This study demonstrates the resilience of ancient subsistence practices in the face of climatic instability and highlights the impact that social and political factors can have on diet and subsistence economy.

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Nguyen, Hien The, Toan Nguyen Van, Tien Tien Ngoc, Visanu Boonyawiwat, Theera Rukkwamsuk, and Adisorn Yawongsa. "Risk factors associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease at shrimp farm level in Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam." Veterinary World 14, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 1050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1050-1058.

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Background and Aim: Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a severe disease in shrimp farms and adversely affected the shrimp industry of Vietnam. So far, the study on risk factors associated with AHPND outbreaks is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the potential risk factors of AHPND at the shrimp farm level in Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam. Materials and Methods: Real-time-Polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze data collected from an active surveillance program of shrimp farms in 2017 in the Vinh Tien and Vinh Lac villages, Vinh Thinh commune, Hoa Binh district in Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam. The matched case-control study selected 20 cases and 20 control farms from 134 shrimp farms. In 2018, face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were conducted with the farmers of these selected farms. Results: Of the 59 studied variables, seven had p≤0.2 based on bivariate analyses. The results of multivariable analysis showed that the presence of fish-eating birds on shrimp farms was a significant association with AHPND (odds ratio=8, p=0.049). Conclusion: To reduce the effect of AHPND, farmers should apply effective methods to manage wild animals such as using a grid or net to cover the pond, combined with improved biosecurity.

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Ziegler, Karl-Heinz. "Hans Beck, Polis und Koinon." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung 116, no. 1 (August 1, 1999): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.1999.116.1.318.

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Bowers, Frederick. "Response to Anthony Beck." International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 1, no. 1 (1988): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01099330.

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de Bruin, Gwendolijn Olivia, Eric Rassin, and Peter Muris. "Worrying in the Lab: Does Intolerance of Uncertainty Have Predictive Value?" Behaviour Change 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.23.2.138.

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AbstractThe present article describes two experimental studies investigating whether individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) predict worry in response to uncertain situations. In both studies, undergraduate students completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS; Freeston, Rheaume, Letarte, Dugas, & Ladouceur, 1994) and then completed an intelligence task, which was thought to elicit feelings of uncertainty. After completing the task, state worry was measured. Results of both studies showed that there were positive correlations between IUS scores and task-related state worry. Furthermore, Study 2 showed that individual differences in IU only were predictive of worry in a situation that elicits low to medium levels of uncertainty, and not in a situation high in uncertainty. Thus, only under certain conditions IU-related personality characteristics seem to be predictive of worrisome thoughts.

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Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Sex Plus: Learning, Loving, and Enjoying Your Body by Laci Green." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 72, no. 3 (2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0759.

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Zheng, Dan-Dan, Li Wang, Tao Yang, Yan Zhang, Qian Wang, Mohamedally Kurmoo, and Ming-Hua Zeng. "A Porous Metal–Organic Framework [Zn2(bdc)(l-lac)] as a Coating Material for Capillary Columns of Gas Chromatography." Inorganic Chemistry 56, no. 18 (August 29, 2017): 11043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01413.

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Aoyama, Kazuo. "PRECLASSIC AND CLASSIC MAYA INTERREGIONAL AND LONG-DISTANCE EXCHANGE: A DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS FROM CEIBAL, GUATEMALA." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.2.

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Diachronic analysis of obsidian artifacts collected from Ceibal, Guatemala, can illuminate long-term patterns and changes in the Preclassic and Classic Maya interregional and long-distance exchange systems. For this analysis sources of all obsidian artifacts were identified by a combination of pXRF of a sample of 5,375 obsidian artifacts and visual examination of 7,073 artifacts. The interregional exchange of large polyhedral cores of obsidian from the Maya highlands and local production of pressure blades began after the rise of political complexity at Ceibal, by the early Middle Preclassic Real 3 phase (775–700 B.C.). El Chayal obsidian was heavily used during the early Middle Preclassic period, but San Martín Jilotepeque was the principal source of obsidian in the late Middle Preclassic, Late Preclassic, and Terminal Preclassic periods. Procurement of large polyhedral cores of obsidian from the Maya highlands increased over the same period. Obsidian was also imported in the form of nodules for the production of percussion flakes during the Preclassic period. Throughout the Classic period obsidian was imported mainly in the form of more prepared polyhedral cores that were reduced into pressure blades at Ceibal, and El Chayal resumed its place as the principal source of obsidian. This period also saw long-distance exchange of finished obsidian artifacts from highland Mexico. Interregional exchange of obsidian from the Maya highlands was of great economic significance for the inhabitants of the community and was more crucial for the development of lowland Maya civilization than was long-distance exchange.

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Wright, Glenn. "Erin Beck, How Development Projects Persist: Everyday Negotiations with Guatemalan NGOs. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017. Illustrations, appendix, notes, bibliography, index, 280 pp.; hardcover $99.95, paperback $26.95, ebook." Latin American Politics and Society 61, no. 03 (May 30, 2019): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2019.15.

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Sinclair, Paul, Qian Bian, Matt Plutz, Edith Heard, and Andrew S. Belmont. "Dynamic plasticity of large-scale chromatin structure revealed by self-assembly of engineered chromosome regions." Journal of Cell Biology 190, no. 5 (September 6, 2010): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200912167.

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Interphase chromatin compaction well above the 30-nm fiber is well documented, but the structural motifs underlying this level of chromatin folding remain unknown. Taking a reductionist approach, we analyzed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and ES-derived fibroblasts and erythroblasts the folding of 10–160-megabase pair engineered chromosome regions consisting of tandem repeats of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing ∼200 kilobases of mammalian genomic DNA tagged with lac operator (LacO) arrays. Unexpectedly, linear mitotic and interphase chromatid regions formed from noncontiguously folded DNA topologies. Particularly, in ES cells, these model chromosome regions self-organized with distant sequences segregating into functionally distinct, compact domains. Transcriptionally active and histone H3K27me3-modified regions positioned toward the engineered chromosome subterritory exterior, with LacO repeats and the BAC vector backbone localizing within an H3K9me3, HP1-enriched core. Differential compaction of Dhfr and α- and β-globin transgenes was superimposed on dramatic, lineage-specific reorganization of large-scale chromatin folding, demonstrating a surprising plasticity of large-scale chromatin organization.

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Gallyamov, M. R., M. P. Yutkin, N. K. Moroz, S. G. Kozlova, and S. P. Gabuda. "NMR study of localization and mobility of 1-phenylethanol enantiomers in homochiral metal-organic sorbent Zn2 (bdc)(S -lac)(dmf)." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 53, no. 8 (May 21, 2015): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4262.

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Medina-Laverón, Mercedes, and Teresa Ojer-Goñi. "The Transformation of Public TV Companies into Digital Services at the BBC and RTVE." Comunicar 18, no. 36 (March 1, 2011): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c36-2011-02-09.

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Some authors question the existence of public television companies in the new environment of digitalization, Internet proliferation, growing competition and audience segmentation. However, others believe they should act as a driving force in the process of convergence and even that the new media present an opportunity to redefine the public broadcasting service (PBS) remit. The current challenge for the public media companies is to deliver their content through the maximum number of devices, not only via television sets but also broadband and mobile devices. Over the years, the BBC has adapted to new market situations and has implemented solutions that have been adopted by other public and private broadcasters around the world. The objective of this article is to show how the BBC has taken up the leadership of transforming public TV companies into online services in order to maintain market share; and how it has influenced Spain’s public TV broadcaster, RTVE. The methodology is based on internal and external documents of both corporations, and the findings are complemented by interviews with online service managers at RTVE. We conclude that these public companies have adapted their activities to the new technologies and have developed interactive services to reinforce their public service mission.Algunas voces cuestionan la permanencia de las televisiones públicas en el nuevo entorno digital, caracterizado por una mayor presencia de Internet, más competidores y la fragmentación de la audiencia. Sin embargo, hay otros que creen que deberían actuar como una fuerza motriz en el proceso de convergencia e incluso que los nuevos medios representan una posibilidad de redefinir la misión de las televisiones públicas. El reto actual de las corporaciones públicas es proporcionar los contenidos a través del mayor número de soportes posibles, no solo a través de la televisión, sino también a través de Internet y dispositivos móviles. Un rasgo de la BBC es haberse adaptado siempre a los cambios del mercado y muchas de sus soluciones han sido transferidas a otras empresas de comunicación tanto públicas como privadas de todo el mundo. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la BBC es uno de los modelos en los que las empresas televisivas se han fijado para transformar sus servicios digitales a fin de mantener su existencia en el mercado, y conocer cuál ha sido su influencia en la televisión pública española RTVE. La metodología empleada radica en el análisis de los documentos internos y externos de las compañías y entrevistas realizadas a los responsables de los servicios digitales de RTVE. Las conclusiones apuntan a destacar que estas compañías han adaptado sus actividades a las nuevas tecnologías y han desarrollado servicios interactivos como refuerzo de su misión de servicio público.

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Kakizawa, Nao, Koichi Suzuki, Sawako Tamaki, Hideki Ishikawa, Kosuke Ichida, Kazushige Futsuhara, Toshiki Rikiyama, and Fumiaki Watanabe. "Satellite alpha transcript levels to predict risk of bilateral breast cancer and multiple primary cancer in patients with breast cancer who lack BRCA-related clinical features." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e12575-e12575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12575.

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e12575 Background: Patients with breast cancer who undergo surgery have a risk of developing multiple cancers in the contralateral breast and other organs. We have reported that the overexpression of satellite alpha transcripts (SAT) facilitates chromosomal instability, which is involved in the development of multiple tumors in patients with colorectal and gastric cancer. Methods: In this study, we elucidated the significance of SAT in the development of multiple tumors in patients with breast cancer. Relative expression SAT (rSAT) level was calculated in normal and tumor tissues from 167 patients. Twenty-seven patients developed bilateral breast cancer (BBC) and 27 patients showed multiple primary cancer (MPC). We detected that 71 patients had factors associated with inherited breast cancer; age under 50yo, harboring family history of breast cancer, pathological diagnosis of TNBC, and history of ovarian cancer and we determined these factors as BRCA-related clinical factors. Results: We excluded 71 patients with BRCA-related clinical features, rSAT levels were higher in patients with BBC and MPC than in patients with SBC in tumor tissues ( P = 0.0121) and normal tissues ( P = 0.00586). A univariate analysis indicated significant predictors including rSAT > 1.5 in tumor tissues, rSAT > 2.4 in normal tissues. In a multivariate analysis, rSAT > 2.4 in normal tissues was a significant predictor of BBC (HR, 22.7; P = 0.00120) and MPC (HR, 11.1; P = 0.00885). Conclusions: Our data indicated that patients with breast cancer with high rSAT levels in their breast tissues have a 10- to 20-fold increased risk for the development of multiple cancers when they harbored no BRCA-related clinical features. These patients had been excluded from the high-risk group for BBC, however, our results shed light on these patients and we detected another risk factor which could predict multiple cancers.

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Thi Tam, Nguyen, Do Thu Huong, and Pham Huu Dien. "CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE Moringa oleifera LAM. LEAVES COLLECTED IN BAC NINH PROVINCE." Journal of Science, Natural Science 61, no. 9 (2016): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2016-0251.

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Baker, Andy. "Richard Nadeau, Éric Bélanger, Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Mathieu Turgeon, and François Gélineau, Latin American Elections: Choice and Change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2017. Tables, figures, 248 pp.; hardcover $70, ebook." Latin American Politics and Society 60, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2018.11.

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Nicholls, Graham. "Reviews : Ad Lib BBC Radio 4, 7th January 1995." Probation Journal 42, no. 1 (March 1995): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455059504200115.

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Musile, Giacomo, Nicola Pigaiani, Daniela Sorio, Michela Colombari, Federica Bortolotti, and Franco Tagliaro. "Alcohol-associated traffic injuries in Verona territory: A nine-year survey." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 1_suppl (January 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420937577.

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According to the World Health Organization, as many as 25% of traffic accidents are linked to alcohol abuse. This study describes the results of a nine-year study performed on injured drivers ( N = 12,806) in the Verona area of Northern Italy. Blood samples were mandatorily collected on injured drivers who were admitted to the Emergency Health Care Unit of Verona Hospital between 2009 and 2017, after they had been involved in a traffic accident. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) determination was then undertaken using a validated head space–gas chromatography–flame ionisation detector (HS-GC-FID) method. We found that 21% of drivers tested positive for alcohol (BAC ≥0.01 g/L), while 16.8% presented with BAC levels above the Italian legal limit (>0.5 g/L). Of those who had positive BACs, about 50% presented with very high BAC levels (>1.5 g/L). Daily time distribution analyses, involving 2031 alcohol-positive drivers, showed a surge between 18:00 hours and 06:00 hours (74.3%), with a specific rise during the weekend (58.9%). The percentage of alcohol-related road accidents was 20.6%, which is lower than results reported in other international studies performed over the last 20 years. However, evidence that around 50% of the positive subjects showed a BAC >1.5 g/L confirms the correlation between BAC and accident risk, which becomes even more significant at progressively increasing levels of BAC. The study highlights the need to implement further strategies to both prevent and deter the use of alcohol while driving.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lac (Québec)'

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