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Journal articles on the topic 'Laccolith'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Denele, Yoann, Pierre Barbey, Etienne Deloule, Ewan Pelleter, Philippe Olivier, and Gérard Gleizes. "Middle Ordovician U-Pb age of the Aston and Hospitalet orthogneissic laccoliths: their role in the Variscan evolution of the Pyrenees." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.3.209.

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Abstract Two identical zircon U-Pb ages have been obtained from the Riète orthogneisses at 470 ± 6 and 472 ± 2 Ma in the Aston and Hospitalet domes (Ariège, Pyrenees), respectively. New mapping data show that the protolith of these orthogneisses corresponds to Ordovician granitic laccoliths. Combined study of thin-sections and magnetic susceptibility on these rocks show that the laccoliths correspond to a suite consisting of granodiorites to leucogranites. U-Pb ages of the Aston and Hospitalet orthogneisses, very similar to the ages recently obtained from the Canigou (473 ± 4 Ma) and the Montagne Noire (southern French Massif Central) 469 ± 4 Ma orthogneisses, point to a major Early to Middle Ordovician event of granitic laccolith emplacement in the southwestern part of France, and more generally in western Europe. We underline that these laccoliths influenced the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the Variscan crust of the Pyrenees. Indeed, they have induced a rheological heterogeneity in the Variscan middle crust, which is at the origin of a structural contrast between the middle and upper crust. Moreover, these laccoliths played the role of screens, which have controlled transfer of magmas from the lower to the upper crust.

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2

Horsman, Eric, Sven Morgan, Michel de Saint-Blanquat, Guillaume Habert, Andrew Nugent, Robert A. Hunter, and Basil Tikoff. "Emplacement and assembly of shallow intrusions from multiple magma pulses, Henry Mountains, Utah." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 100, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691009016089.

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ABSTRACTThis paper describes three mid-Tertiary intrusions from the Henry Mountains (Utah, USA) that were assembled from amalgamation of multiple horizontal sheet-like magma pulses in the absence of regional deformation. The three-dimensional intrusion geometries are exceptionally well preserved and include: (1) a highly lobate sill; (2) a laccolith; and (3) a bysmalith (a cylindrical, fault-bounded, piston-like laccolith). Individual intrusive sheets are recognised on the margins of the bodies by stacked lobate contacts, and within the intrusions by both intercalated sedimentary wallrock and formation of solid-state fabrics. Finally, conduits feeding these intrusions were mostly sub-horizontal and pipe-like, as determined by both direct observation and modelling of geophysical data.%The intrusion geometries, in aggregate, are interpreted to reflect the time evolution of an idealised upper crustal pluton. These intrusions initiate as sills, evolve into laccoliths, and eventually become piston-like bysmaliths. The emplacement of multiple magma sheets was rapid and pulsed; the largest intrusion was assembled in less than 100 years. The magmatic fabrics are interpreted as recording the internal flow of the sheets preserved by fast cooling rates in the upper crust. Because there are multiple magma sheets, fabrics may vary vertically as different sheets are traversed. These bodies provide unambiguous evidence that some intrusions are emplaced in multiple pulses, and that igneous assembly can be highly heterogeneous in both space and time. The features diagnostic of pulsed assembly observed in these small intrusions can be easily destroyed in larger plutons, particularly in tectonically active regions.

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3

Mattsson, Tobias, Steffi Burchardt, Karen Mair, and Joachim Place. "Host-rock deformation during the emplacement of the Mourne Mountains granite pluton: Insights from the regional fracture pattern." Geosphere 16, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 182–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02148.1.

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Abstract The Mourne Mountains magmatic center in Northern Ireland consists of five successively intruded granites emplaced in the upper crust. The Mourne granite pluton has classically been viewed as a type locality of a magma body emplaced by cauldron subsidence. Cauldron subsidence makes space for magma through the emplacement of ring dikes and floor subsidence. However, the Mourne granites were more recently re-interpreted as laccoliths and bysmaliths. Laccolith intrusions form by inflation and dome their host rock. Here we perform a detailed study of the deformation in the host rock to the Mourne granite pluton in order to test its emplacement mechanism. We use the host-rock fracture pattern as a passive marker and microstructures in the contact-metamorphic aureole to constrain large-scale magma emplacement-related deformation. The dip and azimuth of the fractures are very consistent on the roof of the intrusion and can be separated into four steeply inclined sets dominantly striking SE, S, NE, and E, which rules out pluton-wide doming. In contrast, fracture orientations in the northeastern wall to the granites suggest shear parallel to the contact. Additionally, contact-metamorphic segregations along the northeastern contact are brecciated. Based on the host-rock fracture pattern, the contact aureole deformation, and the north-eastward–inclined granite-granite contacts, we propose that mechanisms involving either asymmetric “trap-door” floor subsidence or laccolith and bysmalith intrusion along an inclined or curved floor accommodated the emplacement of the granites and led to deflection of the northeastern wall of the intrusion.

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4

Roman-Berdiel, Teresa, D. Gapais, and J. P. Brun. "Analogue models of laccolith formation." Journal of Structural Geology 17, no. 9 (September 1995): 1337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(95)00012-3.

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5

Dixon, John M., and David G. Simpson. "Centrifuge modelling of laccolith intrusion." Journal of Structural Geology 9, no. 1 (January 1987): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(87)90046-0.

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6

Sant'Ovaia, H., J. L. Bouchez, F. Noronha, D. Leblanc, and J. L. Vigneresse. "Composite-laccolith emplacement of the post-tectonic Vila Pouca de Aguiar granite pluton (northern Portugal): a combined AMS and gravity study." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 91, no. 1-2 (2000): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026359330000732x.

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The Vila Pouca de Aguiar granite pluton, emplaced during the latest event of the Variscan orogeny of northern Portugal, is here subjected to a detailed study that combines magnetic fabric measurements and gravity modelling of its shape at depth. This laccolith, less than 1 km in thickness over ≈60% of its outcrop area, appears to be fed from its northern area, through narrow conduits, up to 5 km deep, belonging to a set of Y-shaped valleys that almost perfectly correspond to the local Régua–Verin fault-system identified in the geological maps. A normal petrographical zonation, already identified geologically, appears to be rather progressive, although a gradient in magnetic suceptibility magnitude in-between the two main magma types is evidenced. It is suggested that the first to be emplaced and the least evolved granite type (Vila Pouca de Aguiar Granite) upwelled from the local, NE-trending fault-zone, acting as a dyke, and formed a thin sill where NE-directed magma flow was dominant, at least close to the floor. The more evolved granite type (Pedras Salgadas Granite), located just above the main feeder zone, and deeply rooted at the intersection beween underlying faults, is at the centre of a remarkably regular concentric distribution of the foliation trajectories. They may reflect the late doming of the laccolith's northern part, coeval with a slight E-W extension of the inflating magma reservoir, as marked by the E-W-trending lineations. Along with ubiquitous magmatic to near-magmatic microstructures and particularly low anisotropy magnitudes, such patterns can be entirely explained by magma movement within its inflating reservoir. This composite laccolith, during emplacement of which no interference with the regional strain pattern can be recorded, is therefore considered as typical of post-tectonic emplacement.

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7

Piccione, Gavin, E. Troy Rasbury, Brent A. Elliott, J. Richard Kyle, Steven J. Jaret, Alvin S. Acerbo, Antonio Lanzirotti, Paul Northrup, Kathleen Wooton, and Randall R. Parrish. "Vein fluorite U-Pb dating demonstrates post–6.2 Ma rare-earth element mobilization associated with Rio Grande rifting." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (November 8, 2019): 1958–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02139.1.

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Abstract Numerous studies have documented rare-earth element (REE) mobility in hydrothermal and metamorphic fluids, but the processes and timing of REE mobility are rarely well constrained. The Round Top laccolith in the Trans-Pecos magmatic province of west Texas, a REE ore prospect, has crosscutting fractures filled with fluorite and calcite along with a variety of unusual minerals. Most notably among these is an yttrium and heavy rare-earth element (YHREE) carbonate mineral, which is hypothesized to be lokkaite based on elemental analyses. While the Round Top laccolith is dated to 36.2 ± 0.6 Ma based on K/Ar in biotite, U-Pb fluorite and nacrite ages presented here clearly show the mineralization in these veins is younger than 6.2 ± 0.4 Ma (the age of the oldest fluorite). This discrepancy in dates suggests that fluids interacted with the laccolith to mobilize REE more than 30 m.y. after igneous emplacement. The timing of observed REE mobilization overlaps with Rio Grande rift extension, and we suggest that F-bearing fluids associated with extension may be responsible for initial mobilization. A later generation of fluids was able to dissolve fluorite, and we hypothesize this later history involved sulfuric acid. Synchrotron spectroscopy and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating of minerals that record these fluids offer tremendous potential for a more fundamental understanding of processes that are important not only for REE but other ore deposits as well.

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8

Wöhler, Christian, and Raffaello Lena. "Lunar intrusive domes: Morphometric analysis and laccolith modelling." Icarus 204, no. 2 (December 2009): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.031.

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9

Rowley, Peter, David Hacker, and Robert Biek. "A site bearing on the origin of iron deposits in the Iron Springs Mining District, Iron County, Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 9 (February 3, 2022): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v9.pp25-37.

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The discovery of the origin of iron in the Iron Springs mining district of southwestern Utah is a story of unconventional thinking based on detailed geologic mapping. This district, for many years the largest iron producer in the West, owes its resources to emplacement of three Miocene laccoliths of quartz monzonite porphyry. A visit to the geosite, in the outer part of one of them, The Three Peaks laccolith, reveals evidence of magma emplacement and mineralization of the overlying host rock. This outcrop formed by upward and outward bulging during intrusion of a rapidly congealing, crystal-rich magma. The pluton was emplaced remarkably close to the surface, about 1.2 miles (2 km) depth, and the ferromagnesian phenocrysts became unstable and broke down (deuteric alteration), releasing iron molecules into the hydrothermal solutions. As the magma solidified, subvertical extension joints formed. The radial joints in particular, oriented perpendicular to the intrusive contacts, allowed the iron-rich solutions to escape into the concordant upper contact of a pure limestone about 280 feet (85 m) thick. This limestone is the Co-op Creek Limestone Member of the Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic). The joints tapped the solidifying crystal mush adjacent to the joints. The iron in the solutions replaced some or most of the Co-op Creek Limestone Member, creating huge ore bodies of hematite.

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10

Currier, Ryan M., Patrick Forsythe, Corinne Grossmeier, Michael Laliberte, and Brian Yagle. "Experiments on the evolution of laccolith morphology in plan-view." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 336 (April 2017): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.02.017.

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11

Leuthold, Julien, Othmar Müntener, Lukas P. Baumgartner, Benita Putlitz, Maria Ovtcharova, and Urs Schaltegger. "Time resolved construction of a bimodal laccolith (Torres del Paine, Patagonia)." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 325-326 (April 2012): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.032.

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12

Brandes, Christian, Allan Astorga, and Jutta Winsemann. "The Moín High, East Costa Rica: Seamount, laccolith or contractional structure?" Journal of South American Earth Sciences 28, no. 1 (July 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2009.02.005.

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13

VAN KOOTEN, GERALD K. "Structure and hydrocarbon potential beneath the Iron Springs laccolith, southwestern Utah." Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, no. 10 (October 1988): 1533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1533:sahpbt>2.3.co;2.

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14

Dutruge, Gérard, and Jean-Pierre Burg. "Strain localisation in an orthogneiss laccolith (the Pinet Massif, Aveyron, southern France)." Tectonophysics 280, no. 1-2 (October 1997): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00138-8.

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15

Pons, J., P. Barbey, H. Nachit, and J. P. Burg. "Development of igneous layering during growth of pluton: The Tarçouate Laccolith (Morocco)." Tectonophysics 413, no. 3-4 (February 2006): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.11.005.

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16

JACKSON, MARIE D., and DAVID D. POLLARD. "The laccolith-stock controversy: New results from the southern Henry Mountains, Utah." Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, no. 1 (January 1988): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0117:tlscnr>2.3.co;2.

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17

Michel, Jürgen, Lukas Baumgartner, Benita Putlitz, Urs Schaltegger, and Maria Ovtcharova. "Incremental growth of the Patagonian Torres del Paine laccolith over 90 k.y." Geology 36, no. 6 (2008): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g24546a.1.

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18

Ruggles, Claire E., Sven Morgan, and Jacqueline E. Reber. "A multiple-pulse emplacement model for the Shonkin Sag laccolith, Montana, USA." Journal of Structural Geology 149 (August 2021): 104378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2021.104378.

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19

Słodczyk, Elżbieta, Anna Pietranik, Christoph Breitkreuz, Artur Pędziwiatr, Marcin Bokła, Katarzyna Schab, and Marta Grodzicka. "Formation of a laccolith by magma pulses: Evidence from modal and chemical composition of the 500 m long borehole section through the Permo-Carboniferous Landsberg laccolith (Halle Volcanic Complex)." GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 49, no. 5 (2015): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.2.0382.

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20

Scheibert, J., O. Galland, and A. Hafver. "Inelastic deformation during sill and laccolith emplacement: Insights from an analytic elastoplastic model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122, no. 2 (February 2017): 923–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013754.

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21

Westerman, D. S., A. Dini, F. Innocenti, and S. Rocchi. "Rise and fall of a nested Christmas-tree laccolith complex, Elba Island, Italy." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 234, no. 1 (2004): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.234.01.12.

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22

Benn, Keith, Francis Odonne, Sharon K. Y. Lee, and Ken Darcovich. "Analogue scale models of pluton emplacement during transpression in brittle and ductile crust." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 91, no. 1-2 (2000): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0084255900006021.

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Analogue experiments were used to investigate pluton emplacement during transpression in a layered crust. Models consisted of (1) a silicone gum-PbO suspension as analogue magma, (2) a silicone gum-Pb suspension as a basal ductile layer, and (3) an overlying sand pack representing brittle crust. The models were transpressed at 3 mm/hr causing the extrusion of the analogue magma from a progressively closing slot, and its emplacement into the ductile layer. The thicknesses of the layers were critical in controlling the shapes of intrusions and the structures that developed in the brittle overburden. Thicker sand packs led to flattened, symmetrical laccolith-shaped intrusions and the nucleation of one oblique thrust in the sand pack above the extremity of the intrusion. Thinner sand packs led to thicker, asymmetrical laccolith-like intrusions with uplift of the overburden on an oblique thrust, and the formation of a shallow graben in the extrados of a bending fold. Reducing the thickness of the basal ductile layer resulted in a larger number of shear zones in the sand pack, and structural geometries approaching those produced in experiments involving only a brittle analogue crust and no ductile layer. Shear zones in the sand pack were localised by intrusions, and also played a key role in displacing analogue brittle crust to make space for intrusions. The results suggest that tectonic forces may play an important role in displacing blocks of crust during pluton emplacement in transpressional belts. They also suggest that pluton shapes, and the geometries and kinematics of emplacement-related shear zones and faults, may depend on the depth of emplacement. In nature, depending on the structural level exposed in the map plane, faults and shear zones that helped make space for emplacement may not appear to be spatially associated with the pluton.

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23

SEARLE, M. P., S. R. NOBLE, A. J. HURFORD, and D. C. REX. "Age of crustal melting, emplacement and exhumation history of the Shivling leucogranite, Garhwal Himalaya." Geological Magazine 136, no. 5 (September 1999): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756899002885.

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We report a U–Pb monazite age of 23.0±0.2 Ma for the Shivling leucogranite, a tourmaline+muscovite±biotite leucogranite at the top of the High Himalayan slab in the Garhwal Himalaya, north India. The Shivling–Bhagirathi leucogranite is a viscous near-minimum melt, emplaced as a foliation parallel laccolith via a dyke network not far from its source region. Prograde heating occurred soon after the India–Asia collision at c. 50 Ma up to melting at 23 Ma and high temperatures (>550 °C) were maintained for at least 15 Ma after garnet growth. The leucogranite was emplaced at mid-crustal depths along the footwall of the Jhala fault, a large-scale low-angle normal fault, part of the South Tibetan Detachment system, above kyanite and sillimanite grade gneisses. The geometry of the leucogranite laccolith shows biaxial extension and boudinage both perpendicular (north-northeast–south-southwest) and parallel to the strike (west-northwest–east-southeast) of the mountain range. Unroofing occurred by underthrusting beneath the High Himalayan slab along the Main Central Thrust zone, progressively ‘jacking up’ the leucogranites, removal of material above by low-angle normal faulting, and erosion. Very rapid cooling at rates of 200–350 °C/Ma between 23–21 Ma immediately followed crystallization, as tectonic unroofing and erosion removed 24–28 km of overburden during this time. K–Ar muscovite ages are 22±1.0 Ma and fission track ages of zircons from >5000 m on the North Ridge of Shivling are 14.2±2.1 and 8.8±1.2 Ma and apatites are 3.5±0.79 and 2.61±0.23 Ma. Slow steady state cooling at rates of 20–30 °C/Ma from 20–1 Ma shows that maximum erosion rates and unroofing of the leucogranite occurred during the early Miocene. This timing coincides with initiation of low-angle, north-dipping normal faulting along the South Tibetan Detachment system.

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24

Mock, Alexander, Bodo-Carlo Ehling, and Christoph Breitkreuz. "Anatomy of a laccolith complex - geometry and texture of porphyritic rhyolites in the Permocarboniferous Halle Volcanic Complex (Germany)." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 237, no. 2 (August 8, 2005): 211–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/237/2005/211.

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25

Denèle, Y., E. Lecomte, L. Jolivet, O. Lacombe, L. Labrousse, B. Huet, and L. Le Pourhiet. "Granite intrusion in a metamorphic core complex: The example of the Mykonos laccolith (Cyclades, Greece)." Tectonophysics 501, no. 1-4 (March 2011): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.01.013.

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26

HUNT, CHARLES B., M. D. JACKSON, and D. D. POLLARD. "The laccolith-stock controversy: New results from the southern Henry Mountains, Utah: Discussion and reply." Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, no. 10 (October 1988): 1657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1657:tlscnr>2.3.co;2.

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27

García-Abdeslem, Juan. "3D forward and inverse modeling of total-field magnetic anomalies caused by a uniformly magnetized layer defined by a linear combination of 2D Gaussian functions." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 1 (January 2008): L11—L18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2806923.

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I develop a method for 3D forward modeling and nonlinear inversion of the total-field magnetic anomaly caused by a uniformly magnetized layer with its top and bottom surfaces represented by a linear combination of 2D Gaussian functions. The solution of the forward problem is found through both analytic and numerical methods of integration to calculate the theoretical magnetic anomaly. The magnetic anomalies computed by the present numerical method compare well with the ones calculated by using an analytic solution. To test the robustness of the algorithm, the inversion is performed with noisy synthetic data. The estimated parameters in the case of a synthetic model were found to deviate only modestly from the true parameters in the presence of noise. The algorithm is used to interpret a dipolar magnetic anomaly of high amplitude attributable to a laccolith of intermediate composition in northern Mexico.

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28

DINI, A., F. INNOCENTI, S. ROCCHI, S. TONARINI, and D. S. WESTERMAN. "The magmatic evolution of the late Miocene laccolith–pluton–dyke granitic complex of Elba Island, Italy." Geological Magazine 139, no. 3 (May 2002): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756802006556.

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Since late Miocene time, post-collisional extension of the internal parts of the Apennine orogenic belt has led to the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin. Extensive, mainly acidic peraluminous magmatism affected the Tuscan Archipelago and the Italian mainland during this time, building up the Tuscan Magmatic Province as the fold belt was progressively thinned, heated and intruded by mafic magmas. An intrusive complex was progressively built on western Elba Island by emplacement, within a stack of nappes, of multiple, shallow-level porphyritic laccoliths, a major pluton, and a final dyke swarm, all within the span from about 8 to 6.8 Ma. New geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic investigations constrain the compositions of materials involved in the genesis of the magmas of Elba Island compared to the whole Tuscan Magmatic Province. Several distinct magma sources, in both the crust and mantle, have been identified as contributing to the Elba magmatism as it evolved from crust-, to hybrid-, to mantle-dominated. However, a restricted number of components, geochemically similar to mafic K-andesites of the Island of Capraia and crustal melts like the Cotoncello dyke at Elba, are sufficient to account for the generation by melt hybridization of the most voluminous magmas (c. εNd(t) −8.5, 87Sr/86Sr 0.715). Unusual magmas were emplaced at the beginning and end of the igneous activity, without contributing to the generation of these hybrid magmas. These are represented by early peraluminous melts of a different crustal origin (εNd(t) between −9.5 and −10.0, 87Sr/86Sr variable between 0.7115 and 0.7146), and late mantle-derived magma strongly enriched in incompatible elements (εNd(t) = −7.0, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7114) with geochemical–isotopic characteristics intermediate between contemporaneous Capraia K-andesites and later lamproites from the Tuscan Magmatic Province. Magmas not involved in the generation of the main hybrid products are not volumetrically significant, but their occurrence emphasizes the highly variable nature of crust and mantle sources that can be activated in a short time span during post-collisional magmatism.

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29

Breitkreuz, Christoph, and Alexander Mock. "Are laccolith complexes characteristic of transtensional basin systems? Examples from the Permo-Carboniferous of Central Europe." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 234, no. 1 (2004): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.234.01.03.

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30

Pearce, Thomas H., and Clifford R. Stanley. "The validity of pearce element ratio analysis in petrology: an example from the Uwekahuna laccolith, Hawaii." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 108, no. 1-2 (July 1991): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00307339.

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31

Schmiedel, T., C. Breitkreuz, I. Görz, and B. C. Ehling. "Geometry of laccolith margins: 2D and 3D models of the Late Paleozoic Halle Volcanic Complex (Germany)." International Journal of Earth Sciences 104, no. 2 (November 15, 2014): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1085-7.

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32

Haji, Toshiki, and Atsushi Yamaji. "A Middle Miocene laccolith around the Saruodaki Falls in the San'in Kaigan Geopark, northern Hyogo, SW Japan." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 123, no. 12 (2017): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.2017.0049.

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33

Barbey, Pierre, Alain Cheilletz, and Bernard Laumonier. "The Canigou orthogneisses (Eastern Pyrenees, France, Spain): an Early Ordovician rapakivi granite laccolith and its contact aureole." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 332, no. 2 (January 2001): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)01506-8.

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34

Farina, Federico, Gary Stevens, Andrea Dini, and Sergio Rocchi. "Peritectic phase entrainment and magma mixing in the late Miocene Elba Island laccolith–pluton–dyke complex (Italy)." Lithos 153 (November 2012): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.05.011.

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35

Tibaldi, Alessandro, Luigina Vezzoli, Federico A. Pasquaré, and Derek Rust. "Strike-slip fault tectonics and the emplacement of sheet–laccolith systems: The Thverfell case study (SW Iceland)." Journal of Structural Geology 30, no. 3 (March 2008): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2007.11.008.

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36

Leuthold, J., O. Müntener, L. P. Baumgartner, B. Putlitz, and M. Chiaradia. "A Detailed Geochemical Study of a Shallow Arc-related Laccolith; the Torres del Paine Mafic Complex (Patagonia)." Journal of Petrology 54, no. 2 (November 3, 2012): 273–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs069.

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Petronis, M. S., D. B. Hacker, D. K. Holm, J. W. Geissman, and S. S. Harlan. "Magmatic flow paths and palaeomagnetism of the Miocene Stoddard Mountain laccolith, Iron Axis region, Southwestern Utah, USA." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 238, no. 1 (2004): 251–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.238.01.16.

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Roni, Emanuele, David Scott Westerman, Andrea Dini, Carl Stevenson, and Sergio Rocchi. "Feeding and growth of a dyke–laccolith system (Elba Island, Italy) from AMS and mineral fabric data." Journal of the Geological Society 171, no. 3 (February 19, 2014): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2013-019.

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Clemens, J. D., and K. Benn. "Anatomy, emplacement and evolution of a shallow-level, post-tectonic laccolith: the Mt Disappointment pluton, SE Australia." Journal of the Geological Society 167, no. 5 (September 2010): 915–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492009-120.

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Kirilko, Vladimir. "Ayu-Dag and other evidence of the Wrath of the Lord." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2163551.

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An unusual shape of a laccolith in the southern coastal part of the Crimea, which, when seen from a distance, resembles a huge beast bending its muzzle to the water, could well determine its name, i. e. Ayu-Dag (Crimean Tatar — Ayuv Dağ, i. e. the Bear Mount). The legend about this toponym allegorically tells about a catastrophic earthquake, which the Crimean peninsula was exposed to in the Middle Ages. This natural phenomenon was reflected in three other local legends about the Castel Mount, Yalta and Sunen-Kaya. Most likely, this calamity took place during the first war between Kaffa and Theodoro, in October-November of 1423. In many ways, it can be compared with the notorious Yalta earthquake of 1927. The archaeological works on a number of medieval sites in the region can give a good idea of the consequences of the 15th-century seismic event, which embodied the wrath of the Lord: a monastery on the south-eastern slope of the Ayu-Dag, Funa’s fort, Kalamita and Cembalo, and Basilica in Eski-Kermen.

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O’Neill, L. Christine, Brent A. Elliott, and J. Richard Kyle. "Mineralogy and crystallization history of a highly differentiated REE-enriched hypabyssal rhyolite: Round Top laccolith, Trans-Pecos, Texas." Mineralogy and Petrology 111, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 569–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0511-5.

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Pasquarè, Federico, and Alessandro Tibaldi. "Structure of a sheet-laccolith system revealing the interplay between tectonic and magma stresses at Stardalur Volcano, Iceland." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 161, no. 1-2 (March 2007): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.11.009.

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Wilson, Penelope I. R., Ken J. W. McCaffrey, Robert W. Wilson, Ian Jarvis, and Robert E. Holdsworth. "Deformation structures associated with the Trachyte Mesa intrusion, Henry Mountains, Utah: Implications for sill and laccolith emplacement mechanisms." Journal of Structural Geology 87 (June 2016): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.04.001.

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Schmiedel, T., O. Galland, and C. Breitkreuz. "Dynamics of Sill and Laccolith Emplacement in the Brittle Crust: Role of Host Rock Strength and Deformation Mode." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122, no. 11 (November 2017): 8860–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014468.

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Mazzarini, Francesco, Giacomo Corti, Giovanni Musumeci, and Fabrizio Innocenti. "Tectonic control on laccolith emplacement in the northern Apennines fold-thrust belt: the Gavorrano intrusion (southern Tuscany, Italy)." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 234, no. 1 (2004): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.234.01.09.

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Aranguren, A., J. Cuevas, J. M. TubÍa, T. RomÁn-Berdiel, A. Casas-Sainz, and A. Casas-Ponsati. "Granite laccolith emplacement in the Iberian arc: AMS and gravity study of the La Tojiza pluton (NW Spain)." Journal of the Geological Society 160, no. 3 (May 2003): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764902-079.

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Li, Boan, Qunshu Tang, Pin Yan, Junhui Yu, and Xiao Wang. "Characteristics of a laccolith along the LRTPB fault zone between Pearl River Mouth Basin and Southwest Taiwan Basin." Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 32, no. 4 (2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.09.07.01.

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Terrinha, Pedro, Emilio L. Pueyo, Aitor Aranguren, José Carlos Kullberg, Maria Carla Kullberg, Antonio Casas-Sainz, and Maria do Rosário Azevedo. "Gravimetric and magnetic fabric study of the Sintra Igneous complex: laccolith-plug emplacement in the Western Iberian passive margin." International Journal of Earth Sciences 107, no. 5 (December 14, 2017): 1807–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1573-7.

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Guzev, V. E., A. V. Terekhov, S. G. Skublov, V. I. Leontiev, and A. V. Molchanov. "THE FIRST DATA ON THE U-PB AGE AND COMPOSITION OF ZIRCONS FROM ORE-BEARING SYENITES OF GORA RUDNAYA (SOUTH YAKUTIA)." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 40, no. 6 (2021): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2021-40-6-85-99.

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The isotope-geochemical study (SHRIMP-II, SIMS) of zircons from syenites of Gora Rudnaya (South Yakutia) was carried out. Gora Rudnaya is a syenite massif in the form of a laccolith. It is located within the Central Aldan ore district and includes the recently discovered Morozkinskoye gold deposit. Vein and vein-disseminated gold mineralization occurs in low-temperature acid metasomatites – beresites (Qz-Ser-Ank-Py). Mineralization is restricted to steeply dipping submeridional crush zones within the intrusion. According to the zircon dating data, the age of ore-bearing syenites is about 130 Ma. The obtained age corresponds to the main stage of magmatism and the associated hydrothermal-metasomatic activity within the Central Aldan ore district. Two groups of zircons have been distinguished in syenites. The first group is characterized by features of magmatic genesis. For the second group of zircons, there is evidence of the influence of fluids on zircons: increased content of U, Th, and some non-formula elements (LREE, Ca, Ti, Sr). The presence of two varieties of zircons that are contrasting in composition and appearance, but of the same age, indicates that the magmatic crystallization of syenites from Gora Rudnaya and their fluid processing occurred simultaneously.

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Elliott, Brent. "Petrogenesis of Heavy Rare Earth Element Enriched Rhyolite: Source and Magmatic Evolution of the Round Top Laccolith, Trans-Pecos, Texas." Minerals 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8100423.

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The Round Top rhyolite located in Trans-Pecos Texas is enriched in Be, F, Li, Nb, Rb, Sn, Th, U, Y, Zr, and rare earth elements (REEs). REE-bearing minerals are mainly ubiquitous nano-scale accessory phases throughout the groundmass, incorporated in synchysite-group minerals, xenotime-(Y), Y- and Ce-rich fluorite, and zircon. The rhyolite is peraluminous, high-silica, alkaline (not peralkaline), with elevated heavy rare earth element concentrations and anonymously negative Eu values. Pervasive spongy groundmass and recrystallization textures are consistent with the elevated and remobilized Zr, Th, and Y + HREE (heavy rare earth element) concentrations and a high field strength element (HFSE) soluble, sub-alkalic, F-rich, magmatic system. REE-bearing minerals are present as late-magmatic, interstitial phases and attributed with closed-system, post-magmatic, hydrothermal alteration. Petrogenetic modeling provides scenarios that explain the geochemical evolution and REE complexing behavior in evolved rhyolite magmas, and determines possible source compositions and evolution. Trace element models suggest a system typical of having extensive magmatic differentiation. The resulting rhyolite magma is indicative of a silica-rich magmatic system enriched in H2O, Li, and/or F that could be considered transitional between pure silicate melt and hydrothermal fluid, where fluorine-ligand complexing was prevalent through late magmatic cooling and crystallization processes. Thorough differentiation and high fluorine activity contributed to the late stage crystallization of REE-bearing minerals in the Round Top rhyolite.

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