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Journal articles on the topic 'Lactifers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kumar, J., and N. S. Atri. "Characterisation and identification of ectomycorrhizae formed by the species of Asproinocybe (Tricholomataceae) and Inocybe (Inocybaceae) with the roots of the tropical sal tree Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae)." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 78, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj78.02.112.

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In the course of the present study, surveys on occurrence and distribution of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi in tropical sal forests of foothills of the Himalayas, India, were undertaken. The species of two genera of agarics, namely Asproinocybe and Inocybe, were found organically associated with the roots of Shorea robusta (sal tree). However, prior to our study the genus Asproinocybe has not been reported from India. In this article, the morpho-anatomical details of mycorrhizal roots of Shorea robusta associated with Asproinocybe lactifera and Inocybe purpureoflavida are provided for the first time. The EcM colonized roots of the two species are distinguished by differences in the shape and colour of the roots, surface texture, size and shape of cystidia, type of mantle, as well as different chemical reactions. Asproinocybe lactifera EcM is mainly characterised by a monopodial pinnate mycorrhizal system with the dark brown to reddish brown and loose cottony surface, while in Inocybe purpureoflavida it is irregularly pinnate to coralloid, silvery grey to reddish brown, with densely woolly surface. The outer mantle layer is heterogeneous with obclavate to awl-shaped cystidia in Asproinocybe lactifera, whereas Inocybe purpureoflavida EcM have a plectenchymatous outer mantle with subcylindrical to obclavate metuloidal and non-metuloidal cystidia. The presence of lactifers in the mantle is a unique feature in Asproinocybe lactifera as compared to Inocybe purpureoflavida.

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2

Dorey, James B. "Missing for almost 100 years: the rare and potentially threatened bee, Pharohylaeus lactiferus (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81 (February 25, 2021): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.59365.

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The Australian endemic bee, Pharohylaeus lactiferus (Colletidae: Hylaeinae) is a rare species that requires conservation assessment. Prior to this study, the last published record of this bee species was from 1923 in Queensland, and nothing was known of its biology. Hence, I aimed to locate extant populations, provide biological information and undertake exploratory analyses relevant to its assessment. Pharohylaeus lactiferus was recently rediscovered as a result of extensive sampling of 225 general and 20 targeted sampling sites across New South Wales and Queensland. Collections indicate possible floral and habitat specialisation with specimens only found near Tropical or Sub-Tropical Rainforest and only visiting Stenocarpus sinuatus (Proteaceae) and Brachychiton acerifolius (Malvaceae), to the exclusion of other available floral resources. Three populations were found by sampling bees visiting these plant species along much of the Australian east coast, suggesting population isolation. GIS analyses used to explore habitat destruction in the Wet Tropics and Central Mackay Coast bioregions indicate susceptibility of Queensland rainforests and P. lactiferus populations to bushfires, particularly in the context of a fragmented landscape. Highly fragmented habitat and potential host specialisation might explain the rarity of P. lactiferus. Targeted sampling and demographic analyses are likely required to thoroughly assess the status of this species and others like it.

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3

Rimbach, S., D. Wallwiener, and G. Bastert. "Lactiferous duct microendoscopy." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 7, no. 3 (January 1998): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13645709809152854.

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4

Shaw De Paredes, Ellen, Tarek A. Hijaz, and Ami M. Trivedi. "Assessment of the abnormal lactiferous duct." Seminars in Breast Disease 7, no. 1 (March 2004): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sembd.2004.10.002.

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5

Lo, G., B. Dessauvagie, G. Sterrett, and A. G. Bourke. "Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts (SMOLD)." Clinical Radiology 67, no. 11 (November 2012): e42-e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2012.07.011.

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6

Saeed, Duaa, and Sami Shousha. "Toker cells of the nipple are commonly associated with underlying sebaceous glands but not with lactiferous ducts." Journal of Clinical Pathology 67, no. 11 (August 1, 2014): 1010–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202280.

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AimsToker cells are clear cells present in the squamous epithelium of the nipple of some women. In contrast to squamous epithelium, they are cytokeratin 7 (CK7) positive. The origin of these cells is not completely understood. It has been suggested that they may represent abortive glands or migratory ductal cells; and may be precursors of Paget's disease of the nipple. Our aim was to investigate the incidence and distribution of Toker cells and their relationship with lactiferous ducts.MethodsWe examined nipple sections from 100 consecutive mastectomies performed at Charing Cross hospital. New sections were stained for CK7 using the immunoperoxidase technique.ResultsToker cells were identified in 11 cases. They were always clustered within the squamous epithelium superficial to sebaceous glands with no relationship with lactiferous ducts. Two cases in the study had Paget's disease and these were not associated with underlying sebaceous glands.ConclusionsThis study suggests that Toker cells are more likely to be developmentally related to sebaceous glands rather than lactiferous ducts. This raises doubts about the presence of a relationship between Toker cells and the common forms of Paget's disease, as the latter are commonly seen in association with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) involving underlying lactiferous ducts. Toker cells, however, may be related to a less common form of Paget's disease which is not associated with underlying DCIS.

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7

Mattila, Tuna, Denise O'Boyle, and Alan J. Frost. "Distribution of lysosomal enzymes within the non-secretory epithelium of the bovine mammary gland." Journal of Dairy Research 55, no. 3 (August 1988): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900028594.

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SummaryThe levels of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and acid phosphatase were analysed in tissue from the teat and lactiferous sinus epithelia of dairy cows at different stages of lactation. Enzyme levels were lower in the epithelia of the teat sinus than of the lactiferous sinus. For both enzymes, levels were highest in tissue from post-partum glands, lowest in those from dry and mid-lactation glands. In involuting glands the levels were high, but not as high as the post-partum glands.

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8

Ofri, Adam, Eddy Dona, and Sandra O'Toole. "Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts (SMOLD): an under-recognised entity." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 12 (December 2020): e237568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237568.

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Breast abscesses are a common surgical problem, typically occurring secondary to lactation mastitis. Recurrent subareolar abscesses are rarely reported and may be poorly recognised as a presentation of squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts, known eponymously as ‘Zuska’s disease’. Other synonyms include subareolar breast abscess and lactiferous or mammary fistulas. Recognition of this painful entity is crucial for optimal outcomes since typical breast abscess management of recurrent aspiration or incision and drainage can lead to recurrence and chronic complications, such as fistula formation.

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9

March, David E., Bret F. Coughlin, Joseph R. Polino, Robert A. Goulart, and Grace Makari-Judson. "Single Dilated Lactiferous Duct Due to Papilloma." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 21, no. 1 (January 2002): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2002.21.1.107.

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10

Chou, Yi-Hong, See-Ying Chiou, Hong-Jen Chiou, Chui-Mei Tiu, Chih-Yi Hsu, Chung-Ru Lai, Hui-Ru Chiang, et al. "0700: Clinical Significance of Dilated Lactiferous Ducts." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 35, no. 8 (August 2009): S97—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.06.1084.

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11

Mesquita, Alessandro Carlos, Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira, Paulo Mazzafera, and Nelson Delú-Filho. "Anatomical characteristics and enzymes of the sucrose metabolism and their relationship with latex yield in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 2 (June 2006): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000200002.

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Rubber production is dependent on the availability of carbohydrates in the tissues engaged in latex synthesis. In this study three rubber tree clones were used to study the protein profile, the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in the latex and anatomical characteristics of the bark, as well as to establish a possible relationship with latex production. The clones used in the study, RRIM 600, GT 1 and Fx2261, differed in latex productivity, from high to low in this order. Although present, few differences were observed in the latex protein profile obtained by denaturing electrophoresis. The activity of neutral invertase was higher than the acidic isoform, and both activities were higher in the most productive clones RRIM 600 and GT 1. The same was observed for sucrose synthase but it is suggested that invertase may play a more important role in sucrose cleavage in the latex. The anatomical measurements showed that the number of lactiferous cells and lactiferous rings per mm², and lactiferous cell diameter were higher only in the most productive clone RRIM 600. Together, invertase activity and anatomical measurements might be useful to distinguish highly productive rubber tree clones.

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12

GOLDING, ROSEMARY E., WINSTON F. PONDER, and MARIA BYRNE. "Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata)." Zootaxa 1476, no. 1 (May 17, 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1476.1.1.

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The taxonomy of the pulmonate superfamily Amphiboloidea is investigated with particular reference to Australasian taxa. Anatomical features of the alimentary, reproductive and central nervous systems differ substantially between taxa, and conchological, opercular and radular characters are also described. Four genera are recognised in Amphibolidae; Amphibola Schumacher, 1817, Salinator Hedley, 1900, Lactiforis gen. nov. and Naranjia gen. nov.. Two additional genera are assigned to new families; Phallomedusa gen. nov. (Phallomedusidae fam. nov.) and Maningrida gen. nov. (Maningrididae fam. nov.). Phallomedusidae fam. nov. is characterised by a paucispiral, keeled operculum and syntremous diaulic reproductive system with a complex, spiral penis. Maningrididae fam. nov. has an expanded operculum with a marginal nucleus and a syntremous diaulic reproductive system with two novel copulatory structures at the genital aperture. Taxonomic descriptions and a key are provided for eight Australian species; Salinator fragilis (Lamarck, 1822), Salinator tecta sp. nov., Salinator rhamphidia sp. nov., Salinator rosacea sp. nov., Lactiforis tropicalis sp. nov., Phallomedusa solida (Martens, 1878), Phallomedusa austrina sp. nov., and Maningrida arnhemensis sp. nov. and three non-Australian taxa; Amphibola crenata (Martyn, 1786), Lactiforis takii (Kuroda, 1928) and Naranjia cf. swatowensis (Yen, 1939).

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13

Cardin, L., J. P. Onesto, and B. Moury. "First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Paeonia lactifera in France." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0790c.

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Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), a hardy ornamental plant of the family Paeoniaceae cultivated in gardens and for cut flower production, is frequently infected by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in the field. The virus usually induces severe mosaic and chlorotic ringspot symptoms in the leaves, decreasing the commercial value of cut flowers. TRV is routinely detected by mechanical inoculation onto Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi, where it induces typical necrotic local ringspots in 3 to 7 days, followed by a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR test (2). In 2004, Xanthi test plants inoculated with sap extracts from 4 of 36 P. lactiflora cv. Odile plants grown in a field plot in the region of Hyères (southeast France) showed systemic mosaic symptoms in addition to the TRV-typical response. In each case, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was detected by the reactions of a range of inoculated plants (1), the observation of 30 nm isometric particles in crude leaf extracts with the electron microscope, and by positive reactions in double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISAs with specific polyclonal antibodies. In double-immunodiffusion analysis, these isolates were shown to belong to the group II of CMV isolates (3). ELISA of the peony plants confirmed the presence of CMV and revealed two additional infected plants in the spring of 2006. Following isolation from local lesions on Vigna unguiculata and multiplication in Xanthi tobacco plants, one of the isolates was used to inoculate manually or with Myzus persicae aphids 10 CMV-free plants of P. lactiflora cv. Odile obtained from meristem culture. Three months postinoculation, only three of the aphid-inoculated plants were CMV positive by DAS-ELISA. No change was observed at 1 year postinoculation and no symptoms have been observed, even in CMV-infected plants. CMV appears to be latent in P. lactiflora, therefore detection of CMV before vegetative propagation of the plants is advised because of the risks of synergism for symptoms with other viruses such as TRV. To our knowledge this is the first report of CMV in peony. References: (1) L. Cardin et al. Plant Dis. 87:1263, 2003. (2) D. J. Robinson J. Virol. Methods 40:55, 1992. (3) M. J. Roossinck. J. Virol. 76:3382, 2002.

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14

Sousa S., Mario. "Adiciones al género Inga (Ingeae, Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) para la Flora Mesoamericana." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 89 (October 1, 2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm89.2009.303.

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Para la Flora Mesoamericana se dan a conocer dos nuevas especies para la ciencia en el género Inga (Ingeae, Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) y se propone un cambio de rango. Así se describen e ilustran a Inga lactifera M. Sousa e I. appendiculata M. Sousa; y se eleva el nivel taxonómico de I. multijuga subsp. mexicana T.D. Penn.; también se ilustra por primera vez a I. chiapensis Miranda ex M. Sousa.

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15

Welch, M., D. Durrans, J. Gonzalez, H. Daya, and A. M. W. C. Owen. "Microdochectomy for discharge from a single lactiferous duct." British Journal of Surgery 77, no. 11 (November 1990): 1213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800771106.

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16

Maull, Kimball I. "Technique to Prevent Recurrence of Lactiferous Duct Fistula." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 204, no. 1 (January 2007): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.09.001.

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17

Radojkovic, Danijela, Slobodan Antic, Milica Pesic, Milan Radojkovic, Dijana Basic, and Tatjana Radjenovic-Petkovic. "Radiological features of breast benign lesions in patients with hyperprolactinemia." Archive of Oncology 15, no. 3-4 (2007): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0704074r.

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Background: The study was conducted to determine whether prolactin (PRL) influences radiological features of benign breast lesions. Methods: During the 4-year period, we observed 50 patients with nipple discharge: 23 with normal serum prolactin levels (group 1) and 27 with hyperprolactinemia (group 2a before hyperprolactinemia treatment and group 2b after hyperprolactinemia treatment). Patients observed during this study underwent breast ultrasonography (US) and mammography. Radiological findings in group 1, group 2a and group 2b were compared. Results: The most frequent radiological findings in group 2a were dilated lactiferous ducts and cystic lesions with statistical significances p<0.001 and p<0.01 in comparison to other radiological findings. In group 1 significantly less presence of dilated lactiferous ducts was observed (p<0.05) and proportional lower frequency of solid lumps compared to group 2a. Our results showed significantly lower incidence (p<0.001) of dilated lactiferous ducts, after hyperprolactinemia treatment (group 2b). In group 2b less presence of solid lumps and enlarged axillary lymph nodes is also observed in comparison to group 2a. Frequency of cystic lesions significantly decreased (p<0.05) and pseudocysts completely withdrew in patients with normalized serum prolactin levels. Conclusion: Prolactin significantly influences radiological presentation of benign breast diseases. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia results in withdrawal of mammary duct ectasia, pseudocystic formations, cystic lesions and solid lumps. Breast ultra-sonography and mammography should be considered as routine diagnostic procedures in patients with hyperprolactinemia.

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Deyalage, Sathsara T., Indira Wickramasinghe, Nimesha Amarasinghe, and Gayan Thilakarathna. "Influence of Cooking Methods on Antioxidant Activities of Selected Leafy Vegetables Gymnema lactiferum, Wattakaka volubilis, and Argyreia populifolia in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Food Science 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660308.

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Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are abundant in bioactive compounds and constitute a crucial part of a balanced diet. Sri Lankan green leafy vegetables which are edible and available for consumption have not been thoroughly investigated, whilst their consumption can deflate the risk of arising several degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant capacities of the leafy vegetables, Gymnema lactiferum (Kurignan), Wattakaka volubilis (Aguna), and Argyreia populifolia (Girithilla), with different thermal treatments (70°C, 120°C, and 170°C) which are used in domestic cooking processes. Heat treatments significantly affect the antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of most vegetables analyzed, either increasing or decreasing the concentration of these compounds. In the presence of thermal treatments, Gymnema lactiferum (14.52-20.28 mg GAE/g DW) and Wattakaka volubilis (19.75-27.13 mg GAE/g DW) showed a significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) total phenolic content. The temperature treatment did not alter the ABTS radical scavenging activity in Gymnema lactiferum. In contrast, an increment of ferric reducing antioxidant power (41.26-54.85 mg TE/g DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.11-0.26 mg TE/g DW) was observed. Wattakaka volubilis treated at 170°C appeared to have a significantly higher amount ( 104.93 ± 1.41 mg TE/g DW) of ferric reducing antioxidant power compared to its raw form. All cooking processes with their corresponding thermal treatments caused a significantly lower ( p < 0 ) amount of antioxidant capacity in Argyreia populifolia.

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Kitahara, Miyuki, Yasuo Hozumi, Akie Watanabe, and Tatsuo Iijima. "Bowen’s Disease of the Nipple." Case Reports in Oncology 11, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492382.

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Bowen’s disease is a type of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma that commonly develops in areas of the skin exposed to sunlight, such as the scalp, trunk, and limbs. Although development of Bowen’s disease in other sites, such as the nipple, is extremely rare, we herein report our experience with one such case. A 76-year-old female presented to our hospital with complaints of right nipple pruritus. We diagnosed Bowen’s disease via nipple skin biopsy, and the patient underwent right nipple resection. The deep tissue margin was positive for malignancy; therefore, the patient subsequently underwent right partial mastectomy. Histopathology revealed tumor cells inside the lactiferous ducts, but the resection margin was negative for malignancy. Bowen’s disease of the nipple may progress from the skin to the lactiferous ducts. Clinical findings can be used to evaluate lesion progression and determine the necessary extent of skin and mammary gland resection.

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20

NAKAZAWA, Yoshihisa. "Bioimaging of the Lactiferous Cells in Rubber Production Plants." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 91, no. 5 (2018): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.91.161.

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Komenaka, Ian K., Robert E. Pennington, Monet W. Bowling, Susan E. Clare, and Robert J. Goulet. "A Technique to Prevent Recurrence of Lactiferous Duct Fistula." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 203, no. 2 (August 2006): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.03.021.

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22

Llamas-Velasco, Mar, Maria Francesca Bianciardi Valassina, Enrique Ovejero-Merino, Guido Massi, and Thomas Mentzel. "Bilateral Nipple Enlargement as a Secondary Effect of Anabolic Drugs: A Histopathological Mimicker of Smooth Muscle Hamartoma." Dermatopathology 8, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology8020016.

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Smooth muscle hamartoma are usually solitary and congenital, may affect the genital area and nipples. Histopathologically, they are characterized by the presence of mature smooth muscle bundles. We present a 40 year-old male with bilateral nipple enlargement excised with clinical suspicion of bilateral leiomyoma. Skin biopsy shows mature, irregularly arranged smooth muscle bundles and lactiferous ducts between them. Immunohistochemistry is positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin and fumarase, but negative for estrogen and progestogen receptors. The presence of lactiferous ducts excludes bilateral leiomyomas. Even when, histopathologically, this can be interpreted as the nipple-type of muscular hamartoma of the breast, clinical history favors an anabolic drug-induced lesion. Bodybuilders present gynecomastia and nipple enlargement as frequent problems, but we have not found any histopathological description of these nipple lesions. We consider that dermatologists should be aware of the presence of them and dermatopathologists should know their histopathological features to avoid misdiagnosis as neoplasms.

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23

Karacalar, Ahmet, ??brahim Orak, O??uz Ayd??n, and T??rkay Yaln. "Spontaneous Recanalization of the Divided Lactiferous Duct in the Rat." Annals of Plastic Surgery 54, no. 2 (February 2005): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000143797.32128.be.

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24

Prabodhani, W. D. M. H. "Bioactive Compounds Investigation and TLC Studies of Gymnema lactiferum Leaves." International Journal of ChemTech Research 12, no. 01 (2019): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.120110.

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Puri, Vinita, and Yogesh S. Nandanwar. "Lactiferous duct reconstruction for obstructive engorgement following traumatic nipple damage." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 104, no. 1 (October 14, 2008): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.08.002.

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Atarguine, Hanane, and Said Amal. "Erosive adenomatosis of the nipple." International Journal of Medicine and Surgery 3, no. 2 (December 24, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15342/ijms.v3i2.71.

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Erosive adenomatosis of the nipple is a rare benign neoplasm caused by a complex proliferation of the lactiferous ducts that affects primarily middle-aged women . Clinically, the differential diagnosis is breast carcinoma, Paget disease and galactophoric dilatation. A correct diagnosis is fundamental to avoid unnecessary major surgery, which can increase treatment morbidity and harm the patient.

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Herzig, I., E. Gőpfert, B. Písaříková, and E. Straková. "Testing of Growth Promoting and Protective Activity of the Probiotic Lactiferm in Weaned Piglets." Acta Veterinaria Brno 72, no. 3 (2003): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200372030331.

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Choi, Young-Soo, Hi-Jin You, Tae-Yul Lee, and Deok-Woo Kim. "A novel technique for nipple reduction surgery: the tripod wedge resection method." Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 27, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14730/aaps.2021.00073.

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Nipple size varies from person to person, but having a large nipple, or macrothelia, can be a concern for some women; therefore, some surgical methods have been developed for the reduction of nipple size. Conventional surgical methods for nipple reduction are classified into two types according to their purpose: reduction of length and reduction of diameter. For reduction of length, soft tissue is resected (except the central supplying vessel) and shortened by circumferential repair. The disadvantage of this method is possible necrosis of the nipple and impairment of the lactiferous duct. For reduction of diameter, a wedge-shaped resection is done from side to center and the defect is covered by a local advancement flap. The disadvantage of this method is the locally focused tension line, which is associated with unfavorable aesthetic outcomes. In this article, we present a case involving a novel method of nipple reduction surgery, referred to as the tripod wedge resection technique, which has three benefits compared to conventional nipple reduction surgery: simultaneous reduction of both length and diameter, relative safety for the vasculature and lactiferous duct, and an evenly tensioned incision line.

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RIFQIYATI, NAJDA, and ANA WAHYUNI. "Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats." Nusantara Bioscience 11, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n110117.

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Abstract. Rifqiyati N, Wahyuni A. 2019. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 101-105. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) leaf, traditionally, is believed to have a potential in increasing and smoothing breast milk production. This study aimed to determine the effect of fennel leaf infusion on milk production and to know the side effects of its use. The material used in the research was infusion of fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) collected from Kopeng, Central Java. The research utilized 12 female rats each with 5 newborns off springs. The experiment was designed in Completed Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Histological preparation of mammary glands was set using paraffin method with HE staining. Kidney function was observed through uric acid level in the blood. The results showed that the diameter of lactiferous ducts and of its lumen diameter were significantly influenced by 15 days fennel leaf infusion treatment. The largest lactiferous duct diameter observed was on P3 treatment group (452.97 ± 75.033 µm) and the smallest was observed in control groups (273.17 ± 38.746 µm). The numbers of active alveoli observed in treatment groups, i.e., in P1 (20 g/300 mL), P2 (40 g/300 mL), and P3 (60 g/300 mL), increased than inactive alveoli. The blood uric acid level observed was 4.0-4.6 mg/dl. The results suggested that the infusion of fennel leaf with a treatment dose of 60 g infusion in 300 mL distilled water administered for 15 days can significantly increase the diameter of lactiferous lumen of female rat mammary glands, and increase the diameter of the alveoli and the number of active alveolar mammary glands. Histological picture of mammary gland also showed that the female rats treated with dose of 60g infusion per 300 mL aquadest increased milk secretion and than the other treatment groups. The treatment also showed no significant side effects.

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Kacerovska, Denisa, Michal Michal, and Dmitry V. Kazakov. "Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Nipple Extending Into the Lactiferous Duct." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 19, no. 6 (September 12, 2011): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896911420143.

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IZUMISAWA, Yasuharu, Tetsuo KOBAYASHI, Hajime NAGAHATA, Takashi MURAKAMI, Hiroyuki TANIYAMA, Kazutoshi MAENO, Kazuto YAMASHITA, Tadao KOTANI, and Hiroshi NODA. "Endoscopic Appearance of the Papillary Duct and Lactiferous Sinus in Cows." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 48, no. 3 (1995): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma1951.48.175.

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Adam, Z., G. Ragab, A. Awaad, M. Tawfiek, and M. Maksoud. "Gross anatomy and ultrasonography of the udder in goat." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 03 (July 2017): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.105316.

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Abstract Introduction: The udder is a very important structural and physiological component in all dairy animals, so the precise knowledge of its normal gross morphology is fundamental for the clinical examination. Objective: The current study aimed to clarify the gross anatomical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings of the udder in Egyptian native breeds of goat (Baladi goat). Materials and Methods: Thirteen healthy Baladi goats during lactation period were grossly investigated and then they were examined through B-mode ultrasonography. Two specimens were used for corrosion casting and the remaining specimens were subjected to the anatomical dissection. Results: The gross anatomical investigation revealed that the udder of goat was consisted of two halves; each one had mammary body and teat, and it was suspended in the ventral abdominal wall and pelvic floor through the medial and lateral suspensory laminae. Moreover, each half was composed of a single mammary unit which included the mammary glandular parenchyma, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinus and teat canal ended by a teat orifice. These mammary structures showed variant echogenicity during ultrasonographic examination according to their reflective intensity to the ultrasound. Conclusion: The morphological features and ultrasonographic findings obtained in this study could assist in the further diagnosis of several pathological conditions of the udder of goat.

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Gunathilake, K., K. Ranaweera, and H. Rupasinghe. "In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Selected Green Leafy Vegetables." Biomedicines 6, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040107.

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The study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the hydro methanolic extract of six leafy vegetables, namely Cassia auriculata, Passiflora edulis, Sesbania grandiflora, Olax zeylanica, Gymnema lactiferum, and Centella asiatica. The anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts of leafy vegetables was evaluated using four in vitro-based assays: hemolysis inhibition, proteinase inhibition, protein denaturation inhibition, and lipoxygenase inhibition. Results showed that the percent inhibition of hemolysis from these leaf extracts (25–100 µg/mL dry weight basis (DW)) was within the range from 5.4% to 14.9%, and the leaves of P. edulis and O. zeylanica showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition levels. Percent inhibition of protein denaturation of these leafy types was within the range of 36.0–61.0%, and the leaf extract of C. auriculata has exhibited a significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition level. Proteinase inhibitory activity of these leaf extracts was within the range of 20.2–25.9%. The lipoxygenase inhibition was within the range of 3.7–36.0%, and the leaf extract of G. lactiferum showed an improved ability to inhibit lipoxygenase activity. In conclusion, results revealed that all the studied leaves possess anti-inflammatory properties at different levels, and this could be due to the differences in the composition and concentration of bioactive compounds.

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FIRAT, MEHMET. "Gundelia siirtica (Asteraceae), a new lactiferous species from Siirt (south-eastern Anatolia)." Phytotaxa 394, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.4.5.

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Gundelia siirtica sp. nov. is described from Siirt Province, Turkey. The new species appears to be most similar to G. mesopotamica and G. armeniaca, from which it differs in plant height and indumentum, size and number of synflorescences, colour of corolla externally and internally, shape and size of fruit complex (disseminule). A comprehensive description of this species is provided, with detailed photographs, a distribution map, a habitat description, a vernacular name and an IUCN conservation status.

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DINIZ, I. R., H. C. MORAIS, A. M. F. BOTELHO, F. VENTUROLI, and B. C. CABRAL. "Lepidopteran caterpillar fauna on lactiferous host plants in the central Brazilian cerrado." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59, no. 4 (November 1999): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71081999000400012.

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Nine lactiferous plants of five families were examined for caterpillars in a 4 ha cerrado sensu stricto (savanna-like vegetation) area of the University of Brasília Experimental Farm (DF, Brazil), from August 1995 to May 1997. In 5,540 censuses, less than 5% of the plants hosted caterpillars. All the caterpillars found, a total of 55 species in 15 families were reared under laboratory conditions. Pyralidae, Geometridae, Elachistidae, Megalopygidae, and Limacodidae were the richest caterpillar families recorded. Of the 55 species, more than 40% were polyphagous, feeding on different host plant families, while 21 were considered rare species with less than four records during the study period. The species' rareness did not permit any analysis of diet breadth. The presence of latex in the host plants seems to affect both the proportion of host plants with caterpillars (abundance) and the caterpillar species richness. The habit of eating plants that characteristically produce latex occurs in several distantly-related lepidopteran families. The results support the argument that specific behaviors to circumvent plant latex defense may have arisen independently many times in the Lepidoptera.

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Verbeek, Fons J., and Lu Cao. "L-systems from 3D-imaging of Phenotypes of Arborized Structures." Fundamenta Informaticae 175, no. 1-4 (September 28, 2020): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2020-1959.

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Biology is 3D. Therefore, it is important to be able to analyze phenomena in a spatiotemporal manner. Different fields in computational sciences are useful for analysis in biology; i.e. image analysis, pattern recognition and machine learning. To fit an empirical model to a higher abstraction, however, theoretical computer science methods are probed. We explore the construction of empirical 3D graphical models and develop abstractions from these models in L-systems. These systems are provided with a profound formalization in a grammar allowing generalization and exploration of mathematical structures in topologies. The connections between these computational approaches are illustrated by a case study of the development of the lactiferous duct in mice and the phenotypical effects from different environmental conditions we can observe on it. We have constructed a workflow to get 3D models from different experimental conditions and use these models to extract features. Our aim is to construct an abstraction of these 3D models to an L-system from features that we have measured. From our measurements we can make the productions for an L-system. In this manner we can formalize the arborization of the lactiferous duct under different environmental conditions and capture different observations. All considered, this paper illustrates the joint of empirical with theoretical computational sciences and the augmentation of the interpretation of the results. At the same time, it shows a method to analyze complex 3D topologies and produces archetypes for developmental configurations.

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Sahoo, Sunati, Ileana Green, and Paul P. Rosen. "Bilateral Paget Disease of the Nipple Associated With Lobular Carcinoma In Situ." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2002-126-0090-bpdotn.

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Abstract We report synchronous bilateral Paget disease derived from lobular carcinoma in situ in a 53-year-old woman who underwent bilateral mastectomy. The epidermis of both nipples contained small cells with a moderate amount of pale-staining cytoplasm. The nuclei had fine chromatin and identifiable nucleoli. The cells were strongly immunoreactive with cytokeratin 7 and displayed nuclear estrogen receptor reactivity. The underlying mammary gland showed involvement by lobular carcinoma in situ with pagetoid spread into lactiferous ducts, which was confirmed by lack of immunoreactivity for E-cadherin.

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Hongjin, Dong, and Xiang Chunlei. "Dicranostigma platycarpum, a new synonym of Dicranostigma erectum (Papaveraceae)." Phytotaxa 230, no. 2 (October 8, 2015): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.8.

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Dicranostigma Hooker f. & Thomson (1855: 255), a genus of three species in Papaveraceae (1789: 235), disjunctively distributed in the Loess Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains in China and the neighboring Himalayan Mountains. Species in Dicranostigma are typically yellow-lactiferous herbs with four yellow petals, numerous stamens, one-loculed ovary, terete or linear capsule, and tessellate seeds. According to Zhang & Grey-Wilson (2008), there are three species from China, i.e., D. lactucoides Hooker f. & Thomson (1855: 255), D. leptopodum (Maximowicz) Fedde (1905: 45), and D. platycarpum C.Y. Wu & H. Chuang (1985: 87), and the latter two are endemic to China.

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Perera, H. K. I., and C. S. Handuwalage. "Detection of protein glycation inhibitory potential of nine antidiabetic plants using a novel method." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (September 15, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10584.

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Background: Protein glycation is a major cause of chronic diabetic complications. Medicinal plants with protein glycation inhibitory potential will be benefi cial to prevent or delay diabetic complications. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze protein glycation inhibitory potential of ten plants among which nine are well known for their antidiabetic effects.Methods: Methanol extracts were prepared using parts from nine plants namely, Coccinia grandis, Ficus racemosa, Gymnema lactiferum, Gymnema sylvestre, Musa paradisiaca, Phyllanthus debilis, Phyllanthus emblica, Strychnos potatorum and Tinospora cordifolia. Dried latex of Pterocarpus marsupium was used without further extraction. Glycation inhibitory potential of the extracts was analyzed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fructose, incubated in the presence or absence of plant extracts for 4 week. Appropriate controls and blanks and the standard inhibitor aminoguanidine were included. A novel native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method established recently was used to detect the effect of plant extracts on the BSA glycation. Results: Previously we have demonstrated that the BSA migration towards the anode is increased proportionate to the degree of glycation. This increase was comparatively less when the glycation was inhibited. Accordingly, most promising antiglycation effects were observed with P. debilis (whole plant), P. emblica (fruit) and P. marsupium (latex). F. racemosa (stem bark) showed the highest inhibition among the remaining extracts. G. sylvestre (leaf), M. paradisiaca (yam) and T. cordifolia (leaf) also showed promising inhibition. C. grandis (leaf) and S. potatorum (seed) showed lower inhibition. Lowest inhibition was observed with G. lactiferum (leaf).Conclusion: We have demonstrated the antiglycation potential of some antidiabetic plants, using a novel method developed by us recently. Extracts of P. debilis, P. emblica and P. marsupium showed a strong protein glycation inhibitory potential.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10584Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 1-7

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Al-Maliki, Salah H., and Mahdi A. Atyia. "Macroscopical Anatomy and Radiographic Study of the Non-Lactating Udder of Adult Local Iraqi Cow (Bos taurus)." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 44, (E0) (December 28, 2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v44i(e0).1030.

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The purpose of this study was to describe some anatomical and radiological features of the non-lactating udder of adult local Iraqi cow. Eight udder of local breed cow clinically appeared healthy and aged between 2-5 years were obtained from a local slaughterhouse located at Baghdad province. Five udders were used for anatomical study and the rest 3 udders were used for the radiological study. The study primed to describe the macroscopic anatomy of the udder and investigate the udder’s normal blood supply using red-colored latex. The mammography method was to describe the duct system of the glandular tissue of the mammary gland which was performed using the iodine compound and barium sulphate as contrast media. The results showed that the udder was located in the inguinal region and covered by pigmented skin with fine hair and composed of four quarters. Each quarter has one teat which was long, cylindrical in shape, opened with one orifice; and internally has longitudinal folds in its mucous membrane. The blood supply of udder by the external pudendal arteries (left and right) branched into cranial and caudal mammary ones. The radiological study showed that the glandular tissue of udder was composed of complex ducal system which included the teat canal (long narrow), teat sinus (spindle-shaped cavity), lactiferous sinus (large round structure), lactiferous ducts, cistern ducts, interlobular duct, intralobular duct and alveoli (round sac like).In conclusion, this study is considered as an important contribution of describing the anatomical features, main blood supply and a pathway of the intraglandular duct system of the non-lactating udder in local cow breed which is necessary for surgical operations in several cases of the udder.

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Medler, John T. "The types of Flatidae (Homoptera) in the Stockholm Museum described by Stat, Melichar, Jacobi and Walker." Insect Systematics & Evolution 17, no. 3 (1986): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631286x00251.

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AbstractLectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for species of flatid planthoppers described by StÅl, Melichar, Jacobi and Walker. The location of other syntypes known to exist is given. The genitalia of lectotype males are illustrated. NEW SYNONYMY (junior synonym first), as follows: Colgaroides circumcincta Jacobi = Colgaroides acuminala (Walker); Mesophylla inclinala Melichar = Phylliana serva (Walker); Copsyrna leucophaea StÅl = Bythopsyrna lineoides (Olivier); Hypsiphanta minax Jacobi = Euphanta munda (Walker); Euphanta obscura Jacobi = Euryphantia tristis (Kirkaldy); Idume plicala Melichar = Idurne deducta (Walker); Phromnia rubescens StÅl = Flatida floccosa (Guérin-Ménèville. NEW COMBINATIONS (previous combination first), as follows: Poeciloptera cereris StÅl = Cromna sinensis (Walker); Paratella fusconigra Melichar = Sephena fusconigra (Melichar); Phyllyphanla hyalinata StÅl= Colgar peracuta (Walker); Paratella modesta Melichar = Sephena modesta (Melichar); Delostenopium rubripes Jacobi = Euphanta rubripes (Jacobi); Microflata stictica Melichar = Mimophantia sliclica (Melichar). NEW STATUS: Melicharia alba (Melichar) not a varitey of Melicharia deducta (Melichar); Lawana inornata (Melichar) not a variety of Lawana candida (Fabricius); Cerynia maria lutescens Melichar not a variety of Cerynia maria (White); Melicharia pallida (Melichar) not a synonym of Melicharia lactifera (Walker).

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Naim, M., V. T. John, K. Gaur, and A. Anees. "Septic disruption of lactiferous ducts with heterogeneous carcinoma of the breast in a lactating woman." Case Reports 2010, aug06 1 (August 6, 2010): bcr0220102754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.02.2010.2754.

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Fanous, Nabil, Carolyne Tawile, and Amanda Fanous. "Nipple reduction – An adjunct to augmentation mammaplasty." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 17, no. 3 (August 2009): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255030901700308.

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Nipple hypertrophy is an occasional deformity in Asians and a rare one in Caucasians. Lately, it has been showing up more often in plastic surgeons' offices across North America and elsewhere, owing to the influx of Asian immigration worldwide, as well as to the rising interest in esthetic surgery among Asian communities. A simplified technique for nipple reduction is described herein. It is very easy to execute, delivers accurate results and is extremely safe. It tackles both the excessive ‘projection’ and the less frequent excessive ‘width’ of the nipple. It may be used separately or incorporated as an adjunct to mammary augmentation or mastopexy. Excellent esthetic results are obtained, while both the nipple innervation and its lactiferous ducts are preserved. The patient's and surgeon's satisfaction is high.

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Naz, Saeeda, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Rabia A. Memon, Shazia Sultana, Saraj Bahadur, Fethi A. Ozdemir, Zafar Siddiq, and Muhammad A. Shah. "Palynological investigation of lactiferous flora (Apocynaceae) of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan, using light and scanning electron microscopy." Microscopy Research and Technique 82, no. 9 (May 20, 2019): 1410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23293.

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Sowa, Yoshihiro, Sizu Itsukage, Daiki Morita, and Toshiaki Numajiri. "Inverted Nipple Correction with Selective Dissection of Lactiferous Ducts Using an Operative Microscope and a Traction Technique." Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 41, no. 5 (April 13, 2017): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-017-0874-3.

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ITOH, Yoshiyasu, Minoru CHISHIKI, and Akira ISHIBASHI. "A case of mammary Paget's disease with non-infiltration lactiferous cancer reconstructed by De-epithelized TRAM flap." Skin Cancer 12, no. 2 (1997): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5227/skincancer.12.281.

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Brenin, D. R. "Twenty-Two Year Experience With Recurring Subareolar Abscess and Lactiferous Duct Fistula Treated by a Single Breast Surgeon." Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 16, no. 2 (July 2005): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-321x(05)80122-5.

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Park, Jun Ho, Syeo Young Wee, Hyun Gyo Jeong, and Chang Yong Choi. "A Novel Lactiferous Duct Preserving Method for Inverted Nipples: An Inlay Wrap-Around Flaps Supporting the Nipple Column." Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14730/aaps.2017.23.1.45.

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Yao, D. X., S. A. Hoda, A. Chiu, L. Ying, and P. P. Rosen. "Intraepidermal cytokeratin 7 immunoreactive cells in the non-neoplastic nipple may represent interepithelial extension of lactiferous duct cells." Histopathology 40, no. 3 (March 2002): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01362.x.

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Gunathilake, K., K. Ranaweera, and H. Rupasinghe. "Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Polyphenols, Carotenoids and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Edible Leaves." Antioxidants 7, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7090117.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cooking (boiling, steaming, and frying) on polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of six edible leaves. The total antioxidant capacity of the fresh and cooked leaves was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and singlet oxygen scavenging assays. The results revealed that frying caused a reduction in major bioactives and antioxidant activities in all leafy vegetables tested. However, steamed and boiled leaves of C. auriculata and C. asiatica have shown greater levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity compared with fresh leaves. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents of boiled S. grandiflora and G. lactiferum were higher than that of their fresh form. Boiled and steamed O. zeylanica and S. grandiflora have shown higher carotenoids. Boiled and steamed leaves of P. edulis have shown higher antioxidant activity. The impact of cooking on the changes in bioactive concentrations and antioxidant capacities are dependent on the species and the method of cooking.

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