Journal articles: 'Lactis bb 12 powder'

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Burak Çınar, Şenay, Gülşah Çalışkan Koç, Safiye Nur Dirim, Gülfem Ünal, and Ayşe Sibel Akalın. "Textural and sensorial characteristics of set-type yogurt containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 and quince powder." Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization 14, no. 6 (July 12, 2020): 3067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00552-8.

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Hyrslova, Ivana, Gabriela Krausova, Jana Smolova, Barbora Stankova, Tomas Branyik, Hana Malinska, Martina Huttl, Antonin Kana, Ladislav Curda, and Ivo Doskocil. "Functional Properties of Chlorella vulgaris, Colostrum, and Bifidobacteria, and Their Potential for Application in Functional Foods." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 6, 2021): 5264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115264.

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The market for new functional foods and food supplements is rapidly evolving, with a current emphasis on using natural sources. Algae, probiotics, and colostrum are rich sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds with positive effects on human and animal health. To determine the potential for developing new functional foods combining these components, we evaluated their synergistic effects. We assessed the growth of selected bifidobacteria in a medium supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris and its immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects on the human peripheral mononuclear cells and colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT29. The hypocholesterolemic effects of Chlorella powder and bovine colostrum fermented by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12® on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet were also determined. Chlorella addition promoted Bifidobacteria growth, with significantly increased inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels following 1.0% (w/v) Chlorella stimulation. Rats fed diets containing fermented colostrum with 0.5% (w/v) added Chlorella powder exhibited significantly decreased triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels, compared to those of the control group. These results support that C. vulgaris is not cytotoxic in intestinal cell models and affords prebiotic and immunomodulatory effects, as well as synergistic triglyceride-lowering effects with bovine colostrum and B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12.

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Smith, Tracey J., Diane Rigassio-Radler, Robert Denmark, Timothy Haley, and Riva Touger-Decker. "Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG® and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® on health-related quality of life in college students affected by upper respiratory infections." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 11 (October 1, 2012): 1999–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512004138.

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College students are susceptible to upper respiratory infections (URI) due to inadequate sleep, stress and close living quarters. Certain probiotic strains modulate immune function and may improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) during URI. The present study recruited apparently healthy college students and assessed the effect of probiotics on HRQL outcomes (i.e. self-reported duration, symptom severity and functional impairment of URI) in those who developed URI. Missed school and work days due to URI were also considered. Subjects (n 231) were apparently healthy college students living on campus in residence halls at the Framingham State University (Framingham, MA, USA), and were randomised to receive placebo (n 117) or probiotic-containing powder (daily dose of minimum 1 billion colony-forming units of each Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG® (LGG®) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® (BB-12®); n 114) for 12 weeks. Subjects completed The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 to assess HRQL during URI. The final analyses included 198 subjects (placebo, n 97 and probiotics, n 101). The median duration of URI was significantly shorter by 2 d and median severity score was significantly lower by 34 % with probiotics v. placebo (P< 0·001), indicating a higher HRQL during URI. Number of missed work days was not different between groups (P= 0·429); however, the probiotics group missed significantly fewer school days (mean difference = 0·2 d) compared to the placebo group (P= 0·002). LGG® and BB-12® may be beneficial among college students with URI for mitigating decrements in HRQL. More research is warranted regarding mechanisms of action associated with these findings and the cost–benefit of prophylactic supplementation.

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Thuaytong, W., and P. Anprung. "Bioactive Compounds and Prebiotic Activity in Thailand-Grown Red and White Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.)." Food Science and Technology International 17, no. 3 (June 2011): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013210382066.

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This research involves the comparison of bioactive compounds, volatile compounds and prebiotic activity of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Pansithong and red guava cv. Samsi. The antioxidant activity values determined by 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were 10.28 µg fresh weight (fw)/µg DPPH and 78.56 µg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g fw for white guava and 7.82 µg/µg DPPH, fw and 111.06 µg TE/g fw for red guava. Ascorbic acid contents were 130 and 112mg/100g fw total phenolics contents 145.52 and 163.36 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g fw and total flavonoids contents 19.06 and 35.85 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g fw, in white and red guava, respectively. Volatile compounds in guava were analyzed by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME)/gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) method. The major constituents identified in white and red guavas were cinnamyl alcohol, ethyl benzoate, ß-caryophyllene, (E)-3-hexenyl acetate and α-bisabolene. Prebiotic activity scores for Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 were 0.12 and 0.28 in white guava, respectively, and 0.13 and 0.29 in red guava, respectively.

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Butler, Christopher C., Eleri Owen-Jones, Mandy Lau, David Gillespie, Mark Lown, Philip C. Calder, Helen Stanton, et al. "Probiotics to reduce antibiotic administration in care home residents aged 65 years and older: the PRINCESS RCT." Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation 8, no. 7 (April 2021): 1–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/eme08070.

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Background Care homes are an increasingly important sector of care. Care home residents are particularly vulnerable to infections and are often prescribed antibiotics, driving antibiotic resistance. Probiotics may be a cheap and safe way to reduce antibiotic use. Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action are yet to be rigorously evaluated in this group. Objective The objective was to evaluate efficacy and explore mechanisms of action of a daily oral probiotic combination in reducing antibiotic use and infections in care home residents. Design This was a multicentre, parallel, individually randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, with qualitative evaluation and mechanistic studies. Setting A total of 310 care home residents were randomised from 23 UK care homes (from December 2016 to May 2018). Participants The participants were care home residents aged ≥ 65 years who were willing and able to give informed consent or, if they lacked capacity to consent, had a consultee to advise about participation on their behalf. Intervention A daily capsule containing an oral probiotic combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (n = 155) or matched placebo (n = 155) for up to 1 year. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was cumulative systemic antibiotic administration days for all-cause infections. Secondary outcomes included incidence and duration of infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, quality of life, hospitalisations and the detection of resistant Enterobacterales cultured from stool samples (not exclusively). Methods Participants were randomised (1 : 1) to receive capsules containing probiotic or matched placebo. Minimisation was implemented for recruiting care home and care home resident sex. Care home residents were followed up for 12 months with a review by a research nurse at 3 months and at 6–12 months post randomisation. Care home residents, consultees, care home staff and all members of the trial team, including assessors and statisticians, were blinded to group allocation. Results Care home residents who were randomised to probiotic had a mean 12.9 cumulative systemic antibiotic administration days (standard error 1.49 days) (n = 152) and care home residents randomised to placebo had a mean 12.0 cumulative systemic antibiotic administration days (standard error 1.50 days) (n = 153) (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 1.63; p = 0.495). There was no evidence of any beneficial effects on incidence and duration of infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, quality of life, hospitalisations, the detection of resistant Enterobacterales cultured from stool samples or other secondary outcomes. There was no evidence that this probiotic combination improved blood immune cell numbers, subtypes or responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Conclusions Care home residents did not benefit from daily consumption of a combination of the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 to reduce antibiotic consumption. Limitations Limitations included the following: truncated follow-up of some participants; higher than expected probiotics in stool samples at baseline; fewer events than expected meant that study power may have been lower than anticipated; standard infection-related definitions were not used; and findings are not necessarily generalisable because effects may be strain specific and could vary according to patient population. Future work Future work could involve further rigorous efficacy, mechanisms and effectiveness trials of other probiotics in other population groups and settings regarding antibiotic use and susceptibility to and recovery from infections, in which potential harms should be carefully studied. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16392920. Funding This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and NIHR partnership. This will be published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 8, No. 7. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Taipale, Teemu, Kaisu Pienihäkkinen, Erika Isolauri, Charlotte Larsen, Elke Brockmann, Pentti Alanen, Jorma Jokela, and Eva Söderling. "Bifidobacteriumanimalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in reducing the risk of infections in infancy." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 3 (September 24, 2010): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003685.

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The impact of controlled administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) on the risk of acute infectious diseases was studied in healthy newborn infants. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 109 newborn 1-month-old infants were assigned randomly to a probiotic group receiving a BB-12-containing tablet (n 55) or to a control group receiving a control tablet (n 54). Test tablets were administered to the infants twice a day (daily dose of BB-12 10 billion colony-forming units) from the age of 1–2 months to 8 months with a novel slow-release pacifier or a spoon. Breastfeeding habits, pacifier use, dietary habits, medications and all signs and symptoms of acute infections were registered. At the age of 8 months, faecal samples were collected for BB-12 determination (quantitative PCR method). The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar, as was the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. BB-12 was recovered (detection limit log 5) in the faeces of 62 % of the infants receiving the BB-12 tablet. The daily duration of pacifier sucking was not associated with the occurrence of acute otitis media. No significant differences between the groups were observed in reported gastrointestinal symptoms, otitis media or use of antibiotics. However, the infants receiving BB-12 were reported to have experienced fewer respiratory infections (65 v. 94 %; risk ratio 0·69; 95 % CI 0·53, 0·89; P = 0·014) than the control infants. Controlled administration of BB-12 in early childhood may reduce respiratory infections.

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Samane, Rahmdel, Jahed-Khaniki Gholamreza, Abdollahzadeh Seyedeh Maryam, Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram, and Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad. "Development of Fresh-cut Apple Slices Enriched with Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12." International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 14, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ijpp2641-7197.14:37-44.

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This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of fresh-cut apple slices as carriers of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (B. lactis BB-12). Furthermore, the effect of this strain against the colonization of apple by Escherichia coli O157:H7 was also evaluated. Apple wedges were suspended in an edible solution containing B. lactis BB-12 (greater than 8 log10 cfu mL–1) and/or E. coli O157:H7. Microbiological quality and physicochemical properties (pH, moisture content, soluble solids, titratable acidity, color, and texture) of probiotic samples were evaluated on days 1, 5, 9, and 14 of refrigerated storage. Sensory evaluation was performed on days 1 and 7. The probiotic concentration was above the recommended level of 10⁶ cfu/g during the test period. Co-inoculation with probiotic bacteria neither affected E. coli O157:H7 population dynamics, nor influenced the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of fresh-cut apple wedges. Minimally processed apples seem to be suitable vehicles for probiotic bacteria including B. lactis BB-12. Such probiotic products can be a desirable probiotic food choice for consumers, particularly those who are allergic or intolerant to dairy products. However, further studies are required to address the antagonistic effects of probiotic species on food-borne pathogens.

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Leboš Pavunc, Andreja, Jasna Novak, Jagoda Šušković, Blaženka Kos, Ksenija Durgo, Ana Savić Mlakar, Krešo Bendelja, et al. "Influence of Dehydrated Wheat/Rice Cereal Matrices on Probiotic Activity of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12®." Food technology and biotechnology 57, no. 2 (2019): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.57.02.19.6142.

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Three novel dehydrated wheat/rice cereal functional products with an addition of well documented probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® (BB-12®) were developed in Podravka factory for the infants older than 4 months: instant rice cereal, instant rice cereal with fruits and instant wheat cereal with vanilla. Notably, the number of viable BB-12® cells in each of the novel products was higher than the required minimal number of probiotic cells per gram of product (106 CFU/g) during the storage period of 106 weeks. Therefore, BB-12® strain recovery and genome stability were evaluated by strain-specific polimerase chain reaction and amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting analysis. Further aim was to evaluate the influence of these three different cereal food matrices on specific probiotic properties of BB-12® strain in vitro. Applied food matrices positively influenced the survival in the simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and antagonistic activity against undesirable microorganisms, while no influence on auto- and coaggregation ability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® was observed. Adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells together with antibacterial activity emphasized competitive pathogen exclusion from Caco-2 cells by probiotic strain BB-12®.

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Nishiyama, Kyoko, Takahiro Kobayashi, Yuko Sato, Yoshihisa Watanabe, Riki Kikuchi, Ryoko Kanno, Tetsuo Koshizuka, Nozomu Miyazaki, Ken Ishioka, and Tatsuo Suzutani. "A Double-Blind Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effects of Yogurt Enriched with Lactococcus lactis 11/19-B1 and Bifidobacterium lactis on Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Level and Antigen-Specific Interferon-γ Releasing Ability." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111778.

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In order to clarify the effects of the Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) 11/19-B1 strain, a double-blind controlled study of yogurt fermented with the strain was carried out. For the study, two kinds of yogurt, the control and test yogurt, were prepared; the control yogurt was fermented with Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the test yogurt was enriched with L. lactis 11/19-B1 and Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) BB-12 strains. Seventy-six volunteers who had not received treatment with pharmaceuticals were randomly divided into two groups with each group ingesting 80 g of either the test or control yogurt every day for 8 weeks. Before and after yogurt intake, fasting blood was taken and blood sugar, blood lipids, and anti-cytomegalovirus cellular immunity were estimated. In the test yogurt group, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly decreased (159.1 ± 25.7 to 149.3 ± 24.4; p = 0.02), but this effect was not observed in the control yogurt group. When the test yogurt group was divided into two groups based on LDL levels of over or under 120 mg/dL, this effect was only observed in the high LDL group. No LDL-lowering effect of B. lactis BB-12 strain was previously reported; therefore, the hypocholesterolemic effects observed in this study are thought to be caused by the L. lactis 11/19-B1 strain alone or its combination with the B. lactis BB-12 strain.

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MARTÍNEZ-VILLALUENGA, CRISTINA, JUANA FRÍAS, CONCEPCIÓN VIDAL-VALVERDE, and ROSARIO GÓMEZ. "Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides from Lupin Seeds as Prebiotics: Application in Dairy Products." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.6.1246.

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The raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) isolated from lupin seeds (Lupinus albus var. Multolupa) was evaluated for bifidogenic effects during the manufacture of probiotic fermented milk. A mixed starter inoculum was composed of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus (1:1). Lupins are a rich source of RFOs that can be used as functional food ingredients. The addition of RFOs to milk increased B. lactis Bb-12 and L. acidophilus populations at the final fermentation time compared with controls. Final fermentation products are positively affected by addition of RFOs, and time of fermentation was reduced from 12 to 10 h. When RFOs were added to milk, they were preferentially used as a carbon source (57.7%) compared with lactose (23.7%) at the end of fermentation. These results suggest that the eventual choice of B. lactis Bb-12 and L. acidophilus in a mixed culture at a 1:1 ratio and addition of RFOs to produce a fermented milk product would have the advantages of rapid growth and acidification rate and would likely increase the probiotic effect of the final functional product.

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Odila Pereira, Joana, José Soares, Eduardo Costa, Sara Silva, Ana Gomes, and Manuela Pintado. "Characterization of Edible Films Based on Alginate or Whey Protein Incorporated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Prebiotics." Coatings 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2019): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080493.

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Recently, edible films were shown to be an effective strategy for the delivery of functional ingredients, such as probiotics and prebiotics. With that in mind, two soluble fibres (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) were selected as prebiotic elements, in whey protein isolate (WPI) and alginate (ALG) matrices plasticized with glycerol and used for the incorporation of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12. The results obtained showed that the viability of the B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 probiotic strain was maintained within the minimum threshold (106 CFU/g) necessary to act as a probiotic throughout 60 days of storage at 23 °C. The incorporation of prebiotic compounds improved B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 viability, with inulin showing the best performance, as it maintained the viability at 7.34 log CFU/g. The compositional characteristics (biopolymer type and prebiotics addition) of the film forming solutions had no significant impact upon the viability of the probiotic strain. The incorporation of probiotics and prebiotics did not modify the infrared spectra, revealing that the molecular structure of the films was not modified. The moisture content and water solubility decreased positively in WPI- and ALG-based films with the addition of prebiotics compounds. Overall, the results obtained in this work support the use of WPI films containing inulin as a good strategy to immobilize B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, with potential applications in the development of functional foods.

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Zhang, Da-yong, Zheng-yang Pan, Xiong-kai Yu, Yi-fan Chen, Chen-hao Gao, Yu-tian Yang, Xue-fan Jiang, Na Li, and Jian-ping Pan. "Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 Attenuates Macrophage Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (December 19, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4657928.

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Immunosenescence comprises a set of dynamic changes occurring in innate and adaptive immune systems, and macrophage aging plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunosenescence. However, function and polarization changes in aging macrophages have not been fully evaluated, and no effective method for delaying macrophage senescence is currently available. The results of this study reveal that D-galactose (D-gal) can promote J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce macrophage M1 polarization differentiation. Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 can significantly inhibit J774A.1 macrophage senescence induced by D-gal. IL-6 and IL-12 levels in the BB-12 groups remarkably decreased compared with that in the D-gal group, and the M2 marker, IL-10, and Arg-1 mRNA levels increased in the BB-12 group. BB-12 inhibited the expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and promoted p-STAT6 expression. In summary, the present study indicates that BB-12 can attenuate the J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce M2 macrophage polarization, thereby indicating the potential of BB-12 to slow down immunosenescence and inflamm-aging.

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Znamirowska, Agata, Katarzyna Szajnar, and Małgorzata Pawlos. "Probiotic Fermented Milk with Collagen." Dairy 1, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy1020008.

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The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using collagen protein hydrolysate in the production of milk fermented by Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillusrhamnosus. Physicochemical and organoleptic properties were studied and microbiological analysis of fermented milk was performed on days 1 and 21 of storage. Milk with the addition of 3% collagen protein hydrolysate was pasteurized (85 °C/30 min), divided into two groups, cooled to 37 °C and inoculated: the first group with Bifidobacteriumanimalis ssp. lactis Bb-12, second with Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Incubation was carried out at 37 °C/10 h. After 21 days of refrigerated storage, the pH value decreased in all analyzed milk samples. Collagen protein hydrolysate was a good milk additive to increase gel hardness and reduce syneresis. Moreover, its addition did not change the taste and odour of milk fermented with the use of Bifidobacterium Bb-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Collagen protein hydrolysate favourably stimulated the survival of Bifidobacterium Bb-12 during 21 days of storage. After 21 days of cold storage in milk with collagen, the number of Lactobacillus rhamnosus cells was reduced by 0.11 log cfu g−1.

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Slačanac, V., M. Lučan, J. Hardi, V. Krstanović, and D. Koceva-Komlenić. "Fermentation of honey-sweetened soymilk with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Bifidobacterium longum Bb-46: fermentation activity of bifidobacteria and in vitro antagonistic effect against Listeria monocytogenes FSL N1-017." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 4 (June 13, 2012): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/190/2011-cjfs.

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The influence of the honey addition on the fermentative activity of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Bifidobacterium longum Bb-46 in soymilk was determined. Additionally, the inhibitory potential of honey-sweetened fermented soymilk against Listeria monocytogenes strain was examined. Two monofloral honey types were added to soymilk before the fermentation: dark-coloured chestnut honey and light-coloured acacia honey. On the basis of our previous studies on cow and goat milks, the basic hypothesis of this study was that the addition of honey could influence the growth of Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium longum during the fermentation of soymilk. The addition of honey also influenced the decrease of raffinose and stachyose contents during fermentation. Furthermore, a higher inhibitory potential was assumed against Listeria monocytogenes caused by the honey addition. The obtained results show that both types of honey influenced the fermentative activity and numbers of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Bifidobacterium longum Bb-46 viable cells in soymilk. Chestnut honey strongly influenced the acidity increase during the soymilk fermentation. A disc assay showed that the development of the inhibition zones of the growth depended on the type and concentration of honey, as well as on the type of milk. The chestnut honey had generally a higher inhibitory effect than acacia honey.  

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Semjonovs, S. P., M. Marauska, R. Linde, M. Grube, P. Zikmanis, and M. Bekers. "Development ofBifidobacterium lactis Bb 12 onβ-(2,6)-Linked Fructan-Containing Substrate." Engineering in Life Sciences 4, no. 5 (October 2004): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200420043.

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Yuan, Fahu, Yufei Liu, Qian Gui, Qiuyi Huang, Qianyu Li, Xuping Yang, Lixin Qiu, Jinmei Feng, and Xiji Shu. "Efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 02048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302048.

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Giardia duodenalis, formerly known as Giardia lamblia, is an important zoonotic protozoan parasite. It mainly infects the intestines of humans, dogs, cats and domestic animals, causing diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion and weight loss. At present, all the clinical drugs for the treatment of Giardia have problems such as side effects and drug resistance to varying degrees, and the development of new drugs for the treatment of Giardia is still a hot issue. There is growing interest in using probiotics as an anti-intestinal parasite strategy. The present study aimed to assess the effect of supernatants of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. lactis BB-12 on giardia the growth of giardia trophozoites. In this study, the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 were cultured in BBL liquid medium, and the effects of the supernatants on the growth and adhesion of trophozoites of Giardia were observed. The results showed that the growth of Giardia flagellate was significantly inhibited by the supernatant. The influence of the supernatant on the morphology of the trophozoites was observed by microscope, and it was found that the surface of the trophozoites was uneven, the shape was atrophied, the surface cell membrane was broken to some extent, and the contents were spilt. In summary, the results of this study suggest that the fresh-cultured supernatants of the probiotic Bifidobacterium Animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 have anti-Giardia effects.

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Abd El-Gawad, I. A., E. M. El-Sayed, S. A. Hafez, H. M. El-Zeini, and F. A. Saleh. "Inhibitory effect of yoghurt and soya yoghurt containing bifidobacteria on the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in vitro and in vivo in a mouse tumour model." British Journal of Nutrition 92, no. 1 (July 2004): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041183.

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The effect of yoghurt and soya yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or B. longum Bb-46 on Ehrlich ascites tumour cell proliferation was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Tumour cells were incubated with B. lactis Bb-12 or B. longum Bb-46 cultivated in de Mann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth medium, or with their centrifuged supernatant fractions or sediments, for 2 h at 37°C. Treatment resulted in the inhibition of tumour cell proliferation by 85·42 (sd 0·78) and 85·10 (sd 1·28) % by intact micro-organisms, 77·61 (sd 0·29) and 71·43 (sd 1·75) % by their supernatant fractions, but only 4·00 (sd 0·19) and 9·09 (sd 1·24) % by the two sedimented bacteria, respectively. The incubation of tumour cells with yoghurt and soya yoghurt containing Bb-12 for 2 h resulted in 83·01 (sd 0·11) and 88·23 (sd 0·06) % inhibition, respectively, while it was 83·82 (sd 0·24) and 86·36 (sd 0·06) %, respectively for the same products containing Bb-46. Corresponding values for plain yoghurt and soya milk (without bifidobacteria) were 32·81 (sd 0·14) and 5·55 (sd 0·12) %, respectively. The differences between yoghurt or soya yoghurt containing Bb-12 or Bb-46 and plain yoghurt, soya milk or control treatments were statistically significant (n 3; P>0·05). Female Swiss albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with the same tumour cells. The lifespan of mice fed diets supplemented with yoghurt or soya yoghurt containing Bb-12 or Bb-46 was prolonged by 16, 23, 34 and 39%, respectively compared with that of the positive control group (n 6; P>0·05). The lifespan of groups fed plain yoghurt or soya milk was prolonged by 15 and 8%, respectively. Prolongation of lifespan was positively correlated with faeces bifidobacterial count in the groups fed yoghurt or soya yoghurt containing bifidobacteria (r 0·917; P>0·05).

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Tan, Tina P., Zhaoyong Ba, Mary E. Sanders, Frank J. D’Amico, Robert F. Roberts, Keisha H. Smith, and Daniel J. Merenstein. "Safety of Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis (B. lactis) Strain BB-12-Supplemented Yogurt in Healthy Children." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 64, no. 2 (February 2017): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000001272.

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Van den Abbeele, Pieter, Cindy Duysburgh, Jonas Ghyselinck, Shellen Goltz, Yulia Berezhnaya, Thomas Boileau, Anke De Blaiser, and Massimo Marzorati. "Fructans with Varying Degree of Polymerization Enhance the Selective Growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020598.

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Synbiotics aim to improve gastrointestinal health by combining pre- and probiotics. This study evaluated combinations of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 with seven fructans: oligofructoses (OF1-OF2; low degree of polymerization (DP)), inulins (IN1-IN2-IN3; high DP) and OF/IN mixtures (OF/IN1-OF/IN2). During monoculture incubations, all fructans were fermented by BB-12 as followed from increased BB-12 numbers and increased acetate and lactate concentrations, with most pronounced fermentation for low DP fructans (OF1-OF2). Further, short-term colonic incubations for three human donors revealed that also in presence of a complex microbiota, all fructans (particularly OF1) consistently selectively enhanced the growth of BB-12. While each fructan as such already increased Bifidobacteriaceae numbers with 0.94–1.26 log(cells/mL), BB-12 co-supplementation additionally increased Bifidobacteriaceae with 0.17–0.46 log(cells/mL). Further, when co-supplemented with fructans, BB-12 decreased Enterobacteriaceae numbers (significant except for IN1-IN3). At metabolic level, all fructans decreased pH due to increased acetate and lactate production, while OF/IN2-IN1-IN2-IN3 also stimulated propionate and butyrate production. BB-12 co-supplementation further increased propionate and butyrate for OF/IN2-IN3 and IN1-IN2, respectively. Overall, combinations of BB-12 with fructans are promising synbiotic concepts, likely due to intracellular consumption of low DP-fructans by BB-12 (either present in starting product or released upon fermentation by indigenous microbes), thereby enhancing effects of the co-administered fructan.

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Van den Abbeele, Pieter, Cindy Duysburgh, Jonas Ghyselinck, Shellen Goltz, Yulia Berezhnaya, Thomas Boileau, Anke De Blaiser, and Massimo Marzorati. "Fructans with Varying Degree of Polymerization Enhance the Selective Growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020598.

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Synbiotics aim to improve gastrointestinal health by combining pre- and probiotics. This study evaluated combinations of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 with seven fructans: oligofructoses (OF1-OF2; low degree of polymerization (DP)), inulins (IN1-IN2-IN3; high DP) and OF/IN mixtures (OF/IN1-OF/IN2). During monoculture incubations, all fructans were fermented by BB-12 as followed from increased BB-12 numbers and increased acetate and lactate concentrations, with most pronounced fermentation for low DP fructans (OF1-OF2). Further, short-term colonic incubations for three human donors revealed that also in presence of a complex microbiota, all fructans (particularly OF1) consistently selectively enhanced the growth of BB-12. While each fructan as such already increased Bifidobacteriaceae numbers with 0.94–1.26 log(cells/mL), BB-12 co-supplementation additionally increased Bifidobacteriaceae with 0.17–0.46 log(cells/mL). Further, when co-supplemented with fructans, BB-12 decreased Enterobacteriaceae numbers (significant except for IN1-IN3). At metabolic level, all fructans decreased pH due to increased acetate and lactate production, while OF/IN2-IN1-IN2-IN3 also stimulated propionate and butyrate production. BB-12 co-supplementation further increased propionate and butyrate for OF/IN2-IN3 and IN1-IN2, respectively. Overall, combinations of BB-12 with fructans are promising synbiotic concepts, likely due to intracellular consumption of low DP-fructans by BB-12 (either present in starting product or released upon fermentation by indigenous microbes), thereby enhancing effects of the co-administered fructan.

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Karaca, Oya, Nuray Güzeler, Hasan Tangüler, Kurban Yaşar, and Mutlu Akın. "Effects of Apricot Fibre on the Physicochemical Characteristics, the Sensory Properties and Bacterial Viability of Nonfat Probiotic Yoghurts." Foods 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8010033.

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In this study, the physical, chemical, rheological, and microbiological characteristics and the sensory properties of nonfat probiotic yoghurt produced at two different concentrations of apricot fibre (1% and 2%, w/v) and three different types of probiotic culture (Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (Bifidobacterium BB-12), and their mixtures) were investigated. As the fibre content increased, the rheological, structural, and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt were negatively affected, while counts of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus LA-5, and Bifidobacterium BB-12 increased. When all the results were evaluated, the best results were obtained by using L. acidophilus LA-5 as probiotic culture and adding 1% (w/v) apricot fibre.

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Garrigues, Christel, Eric Johansen, and Martin B. Pedersen. "Complete Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, a Widely Consumed Probiotic Strain." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 9 (February 26, 2010): 2467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00109-10.

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ABSTRACT Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 is a commercially available probiotic strain used throughout the world in a variety of functional foods and dietary supplements. The benefits of BB-12 have been documented in a number of independent clinical trials. Determination of the complete genome sequence reveals a single circular chromosome of 1,942,198 bp with 1,642 predicted protein-encoding genes, 4 rRNA operons, and 52 tRNA genes. Knowledge of this sequence will lead to insight into the specific features which give this strain its probiotic properties.

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Pawlos, Małgorzata. "LOW-LACTOSE FERMENTED GOAT MILKS WITH BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS SSP. LACTIS BB-12." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 2020): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2020.9.4.751-755.

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Torshin, I. Yu, O. A. Gromova, N. K. Tetruashvili, and A. L. Unanyan. "Synergistic interactions between bifidobacteria and vitamins for health support of a pregnant women and the fetus." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 19, no. 5 (2020): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2020-5-102-113.

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Correction of the microbiota profile using prebiotics and probiotic strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli is important not only for the nutritional support during pregnancy, but also for the long-term health support of the mother and child. In this study, we performed systematic computer analysis of all available fundamental and clinical studies assessing interactions between probiotic bifidobacteria and various vitamins (B vitamins, vitamins A, C, E, D, etc.). We found that vitamins produce substantial amounts of vitamins (primarily folates and other B vitamins). Using the example of genome and proteome analysis of the probiotic strain BB-12 of Bifidobacterium lactis, we assessed molecular mechanisms underlying interactions of this strain with vitamins and trace elements. Key words: probiotics, microbiota, BB-12 strain of B. lactis, pregnancy, docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D, folic acid, synergy of vitamins and bifidobacterial

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Merenstein, Daniel, Claire M. Fraser, Robert F. Roberts, Tian Liu, Silvia Grant-Beurmann, Tina P. Tan, Keisha Herbin Smith, et al. "Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082814.

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The administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is often associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and impacts gastrointestinal tract homeostasis, as evidenced by the following: (a) an overall reduction in both the numbers and diversity of the gut microbiota, and (b) decreased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Evidence in humans that probiotics may enhance the recovery of microbiota populations after antibiotic treatment is equivocal, and few studies have addressed if probiotics improve the recovery of microbial metabolic function. Our aim was to determine if Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12)-containing yogurt could protect against antibiotic-induced fecal SCFA and microbiota composition disruptions. We conducted a randomized, allocation-concealed, controlled trial of amoxicillin/clavulanate administration (days 1–7), in conjunction with either BB-12-containing or control yogurt (days 1–14). We measured the fecal levels of SCFAs and bacterial composition at baseline and days 7, 14, 21, and 30. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to the BB-12 group, and 20 participants to the control group. Antibiotic treatment suppressed the fecal acetate levels in both the control and probiotic groups. Following the cessation of antibiotics, the fecal acetate levels in the probiotic group increased over the remainder of the study and returned to the baseline levels on day 30 (−1.6% baseline), whereas, in the control group, the acetate levels remained suppressed. Further, antibiotic treatment reduced the Shannon diversity of the gut microbiota, for all the study participants at day 7. The magnitude of this change was larger and more sustained in the control group compared to the probiotic group, which is consistent with the hypothesis that BB-12 enhanced microbiota recovery. There were no significant baseline clinical differences between the two groups. Concurrent administration of amoxicillin/clavulanate and BB-12 yogurt, to healthy subjects, was associated with a significantly smaller decrease in the fecal SCFA levels and a more stable taxonomic profile of the microbiota over time than the control group.

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Jungersen, Mikkel, Anette Wind, Eric Johansen, Jeffrey Christensen, Birgitte Stuer-Lauridsen, and Dorte Eskesen. "The Science behind the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12®." Microorganisms 2, no. 2 (March 28, 2014): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms2020092.

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Castro-Herrera, Vivian M., Christine Rasmussen, Anja Wellejus, Elizabeth A. Miles, and Philip C. Calder. "In Vitro Effects of Live and Heat-Inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis, BB-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Caco-2 Cells." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061719.

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Probiotic–host interaction can be cell-to-cell or through metabolite production. Dead (inactive) organisms could interact with the host, leading to local effects and possible health benefits. This research examined the effects of live and heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12 (BB-12) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on cultured Caco-2 cells focusing on epithelial integrity and production of inflammatory mediators. Live organisms increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), a barrier-integrity marker, with LGG having a greater effect than BB-12. When mildly heat-treated, both organisms had a more modest effect on TEER than when alive. When they were heat-inactivated, both organisms had only a limited effect on TEER. Neither live nor heat-inactivated organisms affected production of six inflammatory mediators produced by Caco-2 cells compared to control conditions. Pre-treatment with heat-inactivated LGG or BB-12 did not alter the decline in TEER caused by exposure to an inflammatory cocktail of cytokines. However, pre-treatment of Caco-2 cells with heat-inactivated organisms alone or their combination decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor. To conclude, while the live organisms improve the epithelial barrier using this model, neither live nor heat-inactivated organisms directly elicit an inflammatory response by the epithelium. Pre-treatment with heat-inactivated BB-12 or LGG can reduce some components of the response induced by an inflammatory stimulus.

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Kowalczyk, Magdalena, Agata Znamirowska, and Magdalena Buniowska. "Probiotic Sheep Milk Ice Cream with Inulin and Apple Fiber." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030678.

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The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the addition of inulin and the replacement of part of the inulin with apple fiber on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of ice cream. Moreover, the survival of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus was studied in sheep milk ice cream. There was no effect of the apple fiber and the type of bacteria on the number of bacteria in the probiotics after fermentation. As a result of freezing, in the mixture containing Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis Bb-12, there was a significant reduction in the bacteria from 0.39 log cfu g−1 to 0.46 log cfu g−1. In all of the ice cream on the 21st day of storage, it exceeded 10 log cfu g−1, which means that the ice cream retained the status of a probiotic product. The Lactobacillus rhamnosus ice cream showed a lower yellow color compared to the Bifidobacterium Bb-12 ice cream. The overrun of the sheep’s milk ice cream was within the range of 78.50% to 80.41%. The appearance of the sheep’s milk ice cream is influenced significantly by the addition of fiber and the type of bacteria and the interaction between the type of bacteria and the addition of fiber, and storage time and fiber.

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Gilad, Ofir, Susanne Jacobsen, Birgitte Stuer-Lauridsen, Martin Bastian Pedersen, Christel Garrigues, and Birte Svensson. "Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Grown on Xylo-Oligosaccharides and a Model of Their Utilization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 21 (September 17, 2010): 7285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00738-10.

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ABSTRACT Recent studies have demonstrated that xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), which are classified as emerging prebiotics, selectively enhance the growth of bifidobacteria in general and of B ifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains in particular. To elucidate the metabolism of XOS in the well-documented and widely used probiotic strain B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, a combined proteomic and transcriptomic approach was applied, involving DNA microarrays, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analyses of samples obtained from cultures grown on either XOS or glucose. The analyses show that 9 of the 10 genes that encode proteins predicted to play a role in XOS catabolism (i.e., XOS-degrading and -metabolizing enzymes, transport proteins, and a regulatory protein) were induced by XOS at the transcriptional level, and the proteins encoded by three of these (β-d-xylosidase, sugar-binding protein, and xylose isomerase) showed higher abundance on XOS. Based on the obtained results, a model for the catabolism of XOS in BB-12 is suggested, according to which the strain utilizes an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system (probably for oligosaccharides) to bind XOS on the cell surface and transport them into the cell. XOS are then degraded intracellularly through the action of xylanases and xylosidases to d-xylose, which is subsequently metabolized by the d-fructose-6-P shunt. The findings obtained in this study may have implications for the design of a synbiotic application containing BB-12 and the XOS used in the present study.

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Champagne, C. P., Y. Raymond, J. Gonthier, and P. Audet. "Enumeration of the contaminating bacterial microbiota in unfermented pasteurized milks enriched with probiotic bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 4 (April 2009): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-151.

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Pasteurized and unfermented milks supplemented with probiotic bacteria are appearing on the market. It then becomes a challenge to ascertain the undesirable contamination microbiota in the presence of a largely superior population of probiotic bacteria. A method to enumerate the contaminating microbial microbiota in such probiotic-enriched milks was developed. The probiotic cultures, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lb-Immuni-T™ and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12®, were added to a pasteurized unfermented milk to reach a minimum of 1 billion CFU per 250 mL portion, as ascertained by plating on de Man – Rogosa – Sharpe (MRS) agar in anaerobic conditions. No growth of B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 was noted on plate count agar (PCA) or Petrifilm™ plates, and the presence of this culture did not affect standard plate counts (SPC) of contaminating bacteria. However, L. rhamnosus formed colonies on PCA and Petrifilm™ plates. Attempts were thus made to inhibit the growth of the probiotic lactobacilli in PCA. The addition of 2% sodium phosphate (SP) or 5% glycerophosphate (GP) inhibited the growth of the lactobacilli in broths, but pin-point colonies of L. rhamnosus Lb-Immuni-T nevertheless appeared on PCA supplemented with phosphates. SPC could be obtained on PCA + 2% SP by only counting the large colonies, but this resulted in a significant (4.4 fold) underestimation of SPC values. On Petrifilm™ AC, at dilutions 0 to 2, all colonies were considered as being contaminants, while at dilutions 3 and 4, only large colonies were counted for SPC determinations. There was a direct correlation (R2 = 0.99) between SPC values with Petrifilm™ in uninoculated milks and those obtained on probiotic-enriched milks. The high correlation obtained over the 102 to 106 CFU/mL range of SPC values show that this Petrifilm™ method is appropriate to evaluate the microbiological quality of pasteurized milks enriched with L. rhamnosus Lb-Immuni-T and B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12.

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Znamirowska, Agata, Magdalena Buniowska, and Piotr Kuźniar. "WZBOGACANIE MLECZANEM MAGNEZU I WAPNIA MLECZNYCH NAPOJÓW FERMENTOWANYCH PRZEZ BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS SSP. LACTIS Bb-12." Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych, no. 592 (March 1, 2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/zppnr.2018..592.10.

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Znamirowska, Agata, Magdalena Buniowska, and Piotr Kuźniar. "WZBOGACANIE MLECZANEM MAGNEZU I WAPNIA MLECZNYCH NAPOJÓW FERMENTOWANYCH PRZEZ BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS SSP. LACTIS Bb-12." Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych, no. 592 (March 1, 2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/zppnr.2018.592.10.

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Szajewska, Hania, and Iva Hojsak. "Health benefits of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB-12 in children." Postgraduate Medicine 132, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1731214.

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Gilad, Ofir, Karin Hjernø, Eva C. Østerlund, Abelardo Margolles, Birte Svensson, Birgitte Stuer-Lauridsen, Anders L. Blom Møller, and Susanne Jacobsen. "Insights into physiological traits of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 through membrane proteome analysis." Journal of Proteomics 75, no. 4 (February 2012): 1190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.031.

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Taipale, Teemu J., Kaisu Pienihäkkinen, Erika Isolauri, Jorma T. Jokela, and Eva M. Söderling. "Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in reducing the risk of infections in early childhood." Pediatric Research 79, no. 1 (September 15, 2015): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2015.174.

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Mitsuma, Takashi, Hiroko Odajima, Zyunko Momiyama, Kana Watanabe, Misako Masuguchi, Takashi Sekine, Satoshi Shidara, and Shigeki Hirano. "Enhancement of gene expression by a peptide p(CHWPR) produced by Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12." Microbiology and Immunology 52, no. 3 (March 2008): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00022.x.

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Yeo, A. Y. Y., M. Z. Toh, and S. Q. Liu. "Enhancement of bifidobacteria survival by Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus in milk." Beneficial Microbes 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.0012.

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The viability of three strains of probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis that were inoculated into UHT milk was examined with and without the presence of the yeast, Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus NCYC 22, in polypropylene tubes at 30 °C. The B. lactis viable cell count for strains HN019 and BB-12 remained above 6.0 Log cfu/ml, while strain B94 had 5.7 Log cfu/ml after six weeks of incubation in the presence of the co-inoculated yeast. Incubating the bifidus milk without added yeast under anaerobic condition did not improve the survival of B. lactis HN019, indicating that oxygen removal may not be responsible for W. saturnus NCYC 22’s viability enhancing property. The addition of yeast supernatant or non-viable yeast also did not show any stabilising effects, suggesting that physical contact and/or interaction between viable W. saturnus and B. lactis plays an important role in sustaining the viability of the probiotic. W. saturnus NCYC 22 could increase the survival of B. lactis in bifidus milk under ambient temperature regardless of the initial concentration of yeast cells inoculated due to yeast growth. This study demonstrated the viability enhancing effect of viable W. saturnus NCYC 22 on B. lactis HN019, which could help towards extending the shelf-life of dairy beverages containing probiotic bifidobacteria.

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Rizzardini, Giuliano, Dorte Eskesen, Philip C. Calder, Amedeo Capetti, Lillian Jespersen, and Mario Clerici. "Evaluation of the immune benefits of two probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, BB-12® and Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, L. casei 431® in an influenza vaccination model: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 6 (September 7, 2011): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451100420x.

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The present study investigated the ability of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (BB-12®) and Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei (L. casei 431®) to modulate the immune system using a vaccination model in healthy subjects. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in 211 subjects (56 % females, mean age 33·2 (sd 13·1) years). Subjects consumed a minimum of 109 colony-forming units of BB-12® (capsule) or L. casei 431® (dairy drink) or a matching placebo once daily for 6 weeks. After 2 weeks, a seasonal influenza vaccination was given. Plasma and saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks for the analysis of antibodies, cytokines and innate immune parameters. Changes from baseline in vaccine-specific plasma IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 were significantly greater in both probiotic groups v. the corresponding placebo group (L. casei 431®, P = 0·01 for IgG; P < 0·001 for remaining comparisons). The number of subjects obtaining a substantial increase in specific IgG (defined as ≥ 2-fold above baseline) was significantly greater in both probiotic groups v. placebo (BB-12®, P < 0·001 for IgG, IgG1 and IgG3; L. casei 431®, P < 0·001 for IgG1 and IgG3). Significantly greater mean fold increases for vaccine-specific secretory IgA in saliva were observed in both probiotic groups v. placebo (BB-12®, P = 0·017; L. casei 431®, P = 0·035). Similar results were observed for total antibody concentrations. No differences were found for plasma cytokines or innate immune parameters. Data herein show that supplementation with BB-12® or L. casei 431® may be an effective means to improve immune function by augmenting systemic and mucosal immune responses to challenge.

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Merenstein, DJ, TP Tan, KA Herbin Smith, RF Roberts, and FJ D’Amico. "PO-0378 Safety Of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis (b. Lactis) Strain Bb-12-supplemented Yoghourt In Healthy Children: A Phase I Safety Study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, Suppl 2 (October 2014): A369.1—A369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307384.1024.

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Baglatzi, L., S. Gavrili, K. Stamouli, S. Zachaki, L. Favre, S. Pecquet, J. Benyacoub, and C. Costalos. "Effect of Infant Formula Containing a Low Dose of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis CNCM I-3446 on Immune and Gut Functions in C-Section Delivered Babies: A Pilot Study." Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics 10 (January 2016): CMPed.S33096. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s33096.

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Background In the absence of breast-feeding and its immunomodulatory factors, supplementation of starter infant formula (IF) with probiotics is currently used to support immune functions and gut development. Aim To assess whether immune-related beneficial effects of regular dose (10 7 CFU/g of powder) of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis CNCM I-3446 (hereafter named B. lactis) in starter IF supplementation can be maintained with starter IF containing a low dose (10 4 CFU/g of powder) of B. lactis. Method This trial was designed as a pilot, prospective, double-blind, randomized, single-center clinical trial of two parallel groups ( n = 77 infants/group) of C-section delivered infants receiving a starter IF containing either low dose or regular dose of the probiotic B. lactis from birth to six months of age. In addition, a reference group of infants breast-fed for a minimum of four months ( n = 44 infants), also born by C-section, were included. All groups were then provided follow-up formula without B. lactis up to 12 months of age. Occurrence of diarrhea, immune and gut maturation, responses to vaccinations, and growth were assessed from birth to 12 months. The effect of low-dose B. lactis formula was compared to regular-dose B. lactis formula, considered as reference for IF with probiotics, and both were further compared to breast-feeding as a physiological reference. Results Data showed that feeding low-dose B. lactis IF provides similar effects as feeding regular-dose B. lactis IF or breast milk. No consistent statistical differences regarding early life protection against gastrointestinal infections, immune and gut maturation, microbiota establishment, and growth were observed between randomized formula-fed groups as well as with the breast-fed reference group. Conclusion This pilot study suggests that supplementing C-section born neonates with low-dose B. lactis-containing starter formula may impact immune as well as gut maturation similarly to regular-dose B. lactis, close to the breast-feeding reference.

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Guerrero Alva, Daniza Mirtha, and Gerardo Gamarra Ballena. "Producción de leche fermentada utilizando bacterias probióticas (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactís y Streptococcus thermophilus) con leche de cabra y de vaca." Ciencia e Investigación 9, no. 1 (June 19, 2006): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/ci.v9i1.4973.

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En el presente estudio se adicionó un cultivo mixto Bio Rich constituido por Lactobacillus acidophilus La-1,Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 y Streptococcus thermophilus a leche de cabra, de vaca, así como a la mezcla de ambas en proporción (1:1); obteniéndose leche fermentada o cultivada entera o integral en base al contenido de acidez, porcentaje de grasa y al crecimiento de las bacterias probióticas Lactobacillus acidophi1us (107ufc/ml) y Bifidobacterium lactis (106ufc/ml), además de Streptococcus thermophilus (109ufc/ml), las que cumplen las normas microbiológicas de las leches fermentadas o cultivadas. Se determinó el porcentaje de inóculo y la temperatura de fermentación, siendo el pH de corte de 4,5. El tiempo de proceso con leche de vaca, de cabra y con la mezcla de leche de cabra y de vaca (1 :1) fue de 4 horas, 7 horas y 4 horas, respectivamente.

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Banach, Katarzyna, Paweł Glibowski, and Paulina Jedut. "The Effect of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus Acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium Lactis BB-12 on Selected Anthropometric Parameters in Obese Individuals on an Energy-Restricted Diet: A Randomized, Controlled Trial." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 5830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175830.

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Previous studies using probiotics have shown strain-dependent effects on body mass index (BMI), body mass, or fat mass (FM). The aim of this study was to evaluate how the addition of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 strains to a diet plan affects selected anthropometric parameters in obese people on an energy-restricted diet. Fifty-four subjects aged 20–49 (34.52 ± 9.58) years were included in this study. The recruited subjects were assigned to two subgroups: consuming probiotic yogurt along with a hypocaloric diet (GP) (n–27) or the same diet but without an intentional introduction of yogurt (GRD) (n–27) for 12 weeks. Both GP and GRD decreased body weight, BMI, fat mass and visceral fat by 5.59 kg and 4.71 kg, 1.89 and 1.61 kg/m2, 4.80 kg and 4.07 kg, and 0.68 and 0.65 L, respectively, although the obtained differences were not significant. Analysis of GP and GRD results separately at the beginning and end of the intervention showed that fat loss was substantial in both groups (p < 0.05). Consumption of yogurt containing LA-5 and BB-12 does not significantly improve anthropometric parameters in obese patients.

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Eskesen, Dorte, Lillian Jespersen, Birgit Michelsen, Peter J. Whorwell, Stefan Müller-Lissner, and Cathrine M. Morberg. "Effect of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12®, on defecation frequency in healthy subjects with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 10 (September 18, 2015): 1638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003347.

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AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12®, on two primary end points – defecation frequency and gastrointestinal (GI) well-being – in healthy adults with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort. A total of 1248 subjects were included in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomised to 1 or 10 billion colony-forming units/d of the probiotic strain BB-12® or a matching placebo capsule once daily for 4 weeks. Subjects completed a diary on bowel habits, relief of abdominal discomfort and symptoms. GI well-being, defined as global relief of abdominal discomfort, did not show significant differences. The OR for having a defecation frequency above baseline for ≥50 % of the time was 1·31 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·75), P=0·071, for probiotic treatment overall. Tightening the criteria for being a responder to an increase of ≥1 d/week for ≥50 % of the time resulted in an OR of 1·55 (95 % CI 1·22, 1·96), P=0·0003, for treatment overall. A treatment effect on average defecation frequency was found (P=0·0065), with the frequency being significantly higher compared with placebo at all weeks for probiotic treatment overall (all P<0·05). Effects on defecation frequency were similar for the two doses tested, suggesting that a ceiling effect was reached with the one billion dose. Overall, 4 weeks’ supplementation with the probiotic strain BB-12® resulted in a clinically relevant benefit on defecation frequency. The results suggest that consumption of BB-12® improves the GI health of individuals whose symptoms are not sufficiently severe to consult a doctor (ISRCTN18128385).

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Beghetti, Isadora, Davide Panizza, Jacopo Lenzi, Davide Gori, Silvia Martini, Luigi Corvaglia, and Arianna Aceti. "Probiotics for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Network Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010192.

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Background: Recent evidence supports a role of probiotics in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the role of probiotics in preventing NEC in preterm infants, focusing on the differential effect of type of feeding, was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effects model was used; a subgroup analysis on exclusively human milk (HM)-fed infants vs. infants receiving formula (alone or with HM) was performed. Results: Fifty-one trials were included (10,664 infants, 29 probiotic interventions); 31 studies (19 different probiotic regimens) were suitable for subgroup analysis according to feeding. In the overall analysis, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB revealed the most promising effect for reducing NEC risk (odds ratio (OR), 0.03; 95% credible intervals (CrIs), 0.00–0.21). The subgroup analysis showed that Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12/B94 was associated with a reduced risk of NEC stage ≥2 in both feeding type populations, with a discrepancy in the relative effect size in favour of exclusively HM-fed infants (OR 0.04; 95% CrIs <0.01–0.49 vs. OR 0.32; 95% CrIs 0.10–0.36). Conclusions: B. lactis Bb-12/B94 could reduce NEC risk with a different size effect according to feeding type. Of note, most probiotic strains are evaluated in few trials and relatively small populations, and outcome data according to feeding type are not available for all RCTs. Further trials are needed to confirm the present findings.

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Beghetti, Isadora, Davide Panizza, Jacopo Lenzi, Davide Gori, Silvia Martini, Luigi Corvaglia, and Arianna Aceti. "Probiotics for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Network Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010192.

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Background: Recent evidence supports a role of probiotics in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the role of probiotics in preventing NEC in preterm infants, focusing on the differential effect of type of feeding, was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effects model was used; a subgroup analysis on exclusively human milk (HM)-fed infants vs. infants receiving formula (alone or with HM) was performed. Results: Fifty-one trials were included (10,664 infants, 29 probiotic interventions); 31 studies (19 different probiotic regimens) were suitable for subgroup analysis according to feeding. In the overall analysis, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB revealed the most promising effect for reducing NEC risk (odds ratio (OR), 0.03; 95% credible intervals (CrIs), 0.00–0.21). The subgroup analysis showed that Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12/B94 was associated with a reduced risk of NEC stage ≥2 in both feeding type populations, with a discrepancy in the relative effect size in favour of exclusively HM-fed infants (OR 0.04; 95% CrIs <0.01–0.49 vs. OR 0.32; 95% CrIs 0.10–0.36). Conclusions: B. lactis Bb-12/B94 could reduce NEC risk with a different size effect according to feeding type. Of note, most probiotic strains are evaluated in few trials and relatively small populations, and outcome data according to feeding type are not available for all RCTs. Further trials are needed to confirm the present findings.

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Szajnar, Katarzyna, Agata Znamirowska, and Dorota Kalicka. "Effects of various magnesium salts for the production of milk fermented by Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12." International Journal of Food Properties 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2019.1628779.

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Gilad, Ofir, Birte Svensson, Alexander H. Viborg, Birgitte Stuer-Lauridsen, and Susanne Jacobsen. "The extracellular proteome of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 reveals proteins with putative roles in probiotic effects." PROTEOMICS 11, no. 12 (May 20, 2011): 2503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201000716.

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Beitāne, Ilze, and Inga Ciproviča. "Nutritional Benefits of Bifidobacterium Lactis in Dairy Products." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2013): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0064.

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Abstract Bifidobacteria are one of the most important probiotics in dairy products. They have positive effects on human health. Nutritional benefits of bifidobacteria are genetically determined and can be promoted with addition of prebiotics. The aim of the present study was to examine the properties of Bifidobacterium lactis in dairy products. Pasteurised milk, freeze-dried starter culture Bb-12 (Bifidobacterium lactis, Chr. Hansen, Denmark), syrup of lactulose (Duphalac®, the Netherlands), and inulin (“Raftiline®HP”, ORAFI, Belgium) were used in the experiments. The optimal concentrations of lactulose (2%) and inulin (4%) were established in preliminary studies, based on quality indices and nutritional value of fermented dairy products (Beitane, 2008). Amino acids, carbohydrates, such as lactose, lactulose and inulin, as well as cholesterol were determined during the study using appropriate analytical procedures. The enzymatic activity of bifidobacteria determines nutritional value of the fermented dairy products. Addition of 2% lactulose resulted in significant increase of some amino acid concentrations, such as leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and arginine concentrations (P < 0.05), compared with those in other treatments. The presence of prebiotics caused a decrease of cholesterol level by 35% and lactose content by 31% in fermented milk samples. The enzymatic activity of bifidobacteria should be promoted with addition of lactulose and inulin to increase nutritional value of functional dairy products.

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Woolf, Emily, Allegra Vazquez, and Sarah Johnson. "Exploring the Antihypertensive and Vascular-Protective Effects of Blueberries in Middle-Aged/Older Men: Study Protocol." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa065_010.

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Abstract Objectives Previous research has demonstrated the antihypertensive and vascular-protective effects of blueberries in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure (BP) or stage 1-hypertension (HTN). However, this has not been explored in men with elevated BP or HTN. The objective of the present study is to examine effects of blueberry (BB) on BP, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in men with elevated BP or stage 1-HTN, and baseline endothelial dysfunction, as well as to investigate possible mechanisms involved with BB on vascular health. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial, men with elevated BP or stage 1-HTN (systolic BP of 120–139 mmHg, and a diastolic BP < 90 mmHg), and endothelial dysfunction (reactive hyperemia index, RHI) <1.67, but otherwise healthy, will be randomized to receive either 22 g/day of freeze-dried wild BB powder or 22 g/day of placebo powder for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes for this study are BP and RHI, which is a measure of vascular endothelial function assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry. Secondary outcomes include analysis of arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), as well as blood biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health that include blood lipids, hemoglobin A1c, oxidized LDL, nitric oxide, and adhesion molecules. Furthermore, endothelial cells will be biopsied to provide mechanistic insight on how BB consumption might affect the vascular system by utilizing quantitative immunofluorescence. Results We hypothesize that 22 g/day of BB consumption (∼1 cup) for 12 weeks will improve endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and BP in men with elevated BP and/or stage 1-HTN. We also hypothesize that these improvements will be mediated by reductions in vascular oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased nitric oxide bioavailability. Conclusions This study has potential to provide unique in vivo (functional) and ex vivo (molecular) support for the hypothesis that BB consumption may attenuate endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and high BP that occurs with aging. Funding Sources Wild Blueberry Association of North America.

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Dzottsoeva, E. S., and A. V. Gorelov. "Monostrain and multistrain probiotics for respiratory diseases in children." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 11 (2020): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-698-704.

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Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children are common conditions characterized by high morbidity. ARIs account for up to 75% of all cases of antibiotic use. Dysbiosis results in the impaired performance of vital functions, i.e., digestion, synthesis, colonization resistance, and the regulation of immune system. Probiotics are one of the effective tools to affect the composition of gut microbiota and to restore its metabolic activity. Probiotics, their effects on human organism, and their use in various diseases have received an enormous attention. Meanwhile, the use of antibiotics and the etiological diversity of ARIs account for the lack and irrationality of extensive preventive measures (as in flu) and raise the interest in non-specific prophylaxis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 are well-studied strains. Lactobacillus plantarum LP01 and LP02, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR04 and LR05, and Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 used as monostrain probiotics are also of interest. Multistrain probiotics are gaining traction. However, these probiotics are understudied and require more attention. KEYWORDS: microbiome, monostrain probiotics, multistrain probiotics, acute respiratory infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated syndrome, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis. FOR CITATION: Dzottsoeva E.S., Gorelov A.V. Monostrain and multistrain probiotics for respiratory diseases in children. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(11):698–704. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-698-704.

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