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Journal articles on the topic 'Lactonization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 February 2025

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1

Obara, Robert, Jacek Łyczko, and Antoni Szumny. "Enantioselective Lactonization of 3,3,6-Trimethyl-4(E)-heptenoic Acid Esters." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6135281.

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Studies on the use of lactonization in the asymmetric synthesis of 6,6-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one were described. An asymmetrically induced lactonization reaction was performed on 3,3,6-trimethyl-4(E)-heptenoic acid esters (1) and enantiomerically pure alcohols such as (−)-menthol (a), (+)-menthol (b), (−)-borneol (c), (+)-isomenthol (d), (−)-isopinocampheol (e), and (S)-(−)-1-(2-bornylphenyl)-1-ethanol (f). The enantiomerically pure alcohols that were used as ancillary chiral substances were characterized by markedly different values of induction power; menthol (a, b), borneol (c), and phenetyl alcohol (f) performed better in asymmetric δ-lactonization, whereas isomenthol (d) and isopinocampheol (e) tended to favor asymmetric γ-lactonization.

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2

Takakura, Ryoya, Kazuho Ban, Hironao Sajiki, and Yoshinari Sawama. "Platinum-on-Carbon-Catalyzed Aqueous Oxidative Lactonization of Diols by Using Molecular Oxygen." Synlett 30, no. 16 (August 27, 2019): 1919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611917.

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A lactonization of various diols catalyzed by platinum on carbon (Pt/C) in water under an atmosphere of molecular oxygen was developed. Derivatives of 1,4- 1,5- and 1,6-diols were transformed into the corresponding five-, six-, and seven-membered lactones by the present oxidative lactonization method.

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3

Gao, Wen-Chao, Zi-Yue Xiong, Shafigh Pirhaghani, and Thomas Wirth. "Enantioselective Electrochemical Lactonization Using Chiral Iodoarenes as Mediators." Synthesis 51, no. 01 (October 25, 2018): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610373.

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The enantioselective electrochemical lactonization of diketo acid derivatives using chiral iodoarenes as redox mediators is reported for the first time. Good to high stereoselectivities are observed in the lactonization and also in intermolecular α-alkoxylations of diketo ester derivatives. This enantioselective process was then adapted to an electrochemical flow microreactor where only small amounts of supporting electrolyte were necessary.

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4

Virkki, Heli, Antti Vuori, and Tapani Vuorinen. "Intramolecular Lactonization of Poly(α-hydroxyacrylic acid): Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism." Journal of Polymers 2015 (September 28, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/157267.

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Poly(α-hydroxyacrylic acid), PHA, is one of the few polymers with biodegradable properties used in mechanical pulp bleaching to stabilize hydrogen peroxide. A new method for the in situ follow-up of the lactone ring formation of PHA has been developed. The results have further been applied to describe the reaction kinetics of the lactonization and hydrolysis reactions through parameter estimation. In addition, the reaction mechanism is elucidated by multivariate data analysis. Satisfactory identification and semiquantitative separation of the lactone ring as well as the acyclic (carboxyl and hydroxyl groups) forms have been established by 1H NMR in the pH range of 1–9. The lactonization reaction approaching equilibrium can be described by pseudo-first-order kinetics in the pH range of 1–6. The rate constants of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model have been estimated by nonlinear regression. Due to the very low rates of lactonization as well as the weak pH dependency of the reaction, an addition-elimination mechanism is proposed. Additionally, the presence of a transient reaction intermediate during lactonization reaction could be identified by subjecting the measurement data to multivariate data analysis (PCA, principal component analysis). A good correlation was found between the kinetic and the PCA models in terms of model validity.

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5

Cenciarelli, Fabia, Giuseppe Falini, Demetra Giuri, and Claudia Tomasini. "Controlled Lactonization of o-Coumaric Esters Mediated by Supramolecular Gels." Gels 9, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9040350.

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Fragrances are volatile organic compounds widely used in our daily life. Unfortunately, the high volatility required to reach human receptors reduces their persistency in the air. To contrast this effect, several strategies may be used. Among them, we present here the combination of two techniques: the microencapsulation in supramolecular gels and the use of profragrances. We report a study on the controlled lactonization of four esters derived from o-coumaric acid. The ester lactonization spontaneously occurs after exposure to solar light, releasing coumarin and the corresponding alcohol. To determine the rate of fragrance release, we compared the reaction in solution and in a supramolecular gel and we demonstrated that the lactonization reaction always occurs slower in the gel. We also studied the more suitable gel for this aim, by comparing the properties of two supramolecular gels obtained with the gelator Boc-L-DOPA(Bn)2-OH in a 1:1 ethanol/water mixture in different gelator concentration (0.2% and 1% w/v). The gel prepared with 1% w/v gelator concentration is stronger and less transparent than the other and was used for the profragrances encapsulation. In any case, we obtained a significative reduction of lactonization reaction in gel, compared with the same reaction in solution.

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6

Ceccherelli, P., M. Curini, M. C. Marcotullio, and O. Rosati. "Brominative lactonization in eudesmanes." Tetrahedron Letters 31, no. 21 (1990): 3071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)89028-0.

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7

Rhee, Hakjune, Jaeyoung Ban, Saira Shabbir, Minkyung Lim, and Byunghoon Lee. "Synthesis of l-Ribose from d-Ribose by a Stereoconversion through Sequential Lactonization as the Key Transformation." Synthesis 49, no. 18 (June 20, 2017): 4299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588857.

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l-Ribose, a key precursor of various l-nucleosides can only be synthesized from other sugars or other non-sugar precursors. Herein, the study involves the synthesis of naturally rare l-ribose from readily available d-ribose. Though, many synthetic strategies are developed to meet the increasing demands of l-ribose, seeking innovation, a synthesis employing sequential lactonization as the key transformation was explored. This novel conversion involves protection, oxidation, sequential lactonization, reduction with DIBAL-H, and deprotection.

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8

Ru-Jian, Yu, Chun-Yan Zhang, Huang Hai-Yan, Wang Pei, Wen-Yu Fu, Jian-Xin Cheng, and Yan-Shi Xiong. "Silver-mediated radical oxytrifluoromethylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids for the synthesis of γ-trifluoromethylthio lactones." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 20, no. 10 (2022): 2109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ob00018k.

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9

Albarghouti, Ghassan, Ramesh Kotikalapudi, David Lankri, Viviana Valerio, and Dmitry Tsvelikhovsky. "Cascade Pd(ii)-catalyzed Wacker lactonization–Heck reaction: rapid assembly of spiranoid lactones." Chemical Communications 52, no. 15 (2016): 3095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09923d.

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10

Brenna, Elisabetta, Francesco Dalla Santa, Francesco G. Gatti, Giuseppe Gatti, and Davide Tessaro. "Exploiting the vicinal disubstituent effect on the diastereoselective synthesis of γ and δ lactones." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 4 (2019): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02715c.

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11

Aellig, Christof, Florian Jenny, David Scholz, Patrick Wolf, Isabella Giovinazzo, Fabian Kollhoff, and Ive Hermans. "Combined 1,4-butanediol lactonization and transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of furfural-derivatives under continuous flow conditions." Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, no. 8 (2014): 2326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cy00213j.

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12

Duhamel, Thomas, and Kilian Muñiz. "Cooperative iodine and photoredox catalysis for direct oxidative lactonization of carboxylic acids." Chemical Communications 55, no. 7 (2019): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08594c.

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13

Tamaru, Y., H. Higashimura, K. Naka, M. Hojo, and Z. Yoshida. "PdII-Catalyzed Stereoselective Bis-Lactonization." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24, no. 12 (December 1985): 1045–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198510451.

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14

Cheng, Mou-Chi, Chun-Hung Lin, Hsiu-Yin Wang, Heng-Ru Lin, and Shih-Hsiung Wu. "Regioselective Lactonization of Tetrasialic Acid." Angewandte Chemie 112, no. 4 (February 18, 2000): 788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000218)112:4<788::aid-ange788>3.0.co;2-c.

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15

Chen, Chien-Sheng, Lai Xu, and Wei-Jen Lee. "Electrochemical lactonization of trisialic acid." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 65, no. 10 (May 29, 2018): 1245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201800080.

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16

Cheng, Mou-Chi, Chun-Hung Lin, Hsiu-Yin Wang, Heng-Ru Lin, and Shih-Hsiung Wu. "Regioselective Lactonization of Tetrasialic Acid." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 39, no. 4 (February 18, 2000): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(20000218)39:4<772::aid-anie772>3.0.co;2-a.

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17

Han, Yu-Min, Hsin-Hua Chen, and Chih-Feng Huang. "Polymerization and degradation of aliphatic polyesters synthesized by atom transfer radical polyaddition." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 25 (2015): 4565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00388a.

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18

Yoshida, Masato, Han Wang, Takuya Shimbayashi, and Ken-ichi Fujita. "Dehydrogenative Transformation of Alcoholic Substrates in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex Having a Functional Ligand with α-Hydroxypyridine and 4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl Moieties." Catalysts 8, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8080312.

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A new catalytic system that employs water as an environmentally friendly solvent for the dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohols and lactonization of diols has been developed. In this catalytic system, a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex having a functional ligand that comprises α-hydroxypyridine and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl moieties exhibits high catalytic performance. For example, the catalytic dehydrogenative oxidation of 1-phenylethanol in the presence of 0.25 mol % of the iridium catalyst and base under reflux in water proceeded to give acetophenone in 92% yield. Additionally, under similar reaction conditions, the iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenative lactonization of 1,2-benzenedimethanol gave phthalide in 98% yield.

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19

Kang, Yan-Biao, Xian-Min Chen, Chuan-Zhi Yao, and Xiao-Shan Ning. "Direct oxidative lactonization of alkenoic acids mediated solely by NaIO4: beyond a simple oxidant." Chemical Communications 52, no. 36 (2016): 6193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc02246d.

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20

Carlos, Andressa M. M., Rafael Stieler, and Diogo S. Lüdtke. "Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 3-aryl phthalides enabled by arylation–lactonization of 2-formylbenzoates." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2019): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02872a.

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21

Hu, Lei, Yan Zhang, and Olof Ramström. "Lipase-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of oxathiazinanones through dynamic covalent kinetic resolution." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 22 (2014): 3572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00365a.

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22

Liao, Gang, Hong Song, Xue-Song Yin, and Bing-Feng Shi. "Expeditious synthesis of pyrano[2,3,4-de]quinolines via Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade C–H activation/annulation/lactonization of quinolin-4-ol with alkynes." Chemical Communications 53, no. 55 (2017): 7824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc04113f.

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23

Liu, DeGuang, ZheYuan Xu, MingQiang Liu, and Yao Fu. "Mechanistic insights into the rhodium-catalyzed aryl C–H carboxylation." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 9, no. 2 (2022): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo01560e.

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24

Wadekar, Ketan, Suraj Aswale, and Veera Reddy Yatham. "Cerium photocatalyzed dehydrogenative lactonization of 2-arylbenzoic acids." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 5 (2020): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob02676b.

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25

Gao, Yuzhen, Jian Xu, Pengbo Zhang, Hua Fang, Guo Tang, and Yufen Zhao. "Mn(OAc)3-mediated arylation–lactonization of alkenoic acids: synthesis of γ,γ-disubstituted butyrolactones." RSC Advances 5, no. 45 (2015): 36167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04429d.

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26

Wang, Yong, Yuhan Zhang, Zhongle Li, Zhenjie Yang, and Zhixiang Xie. "A highly efficient synthesis of the DEFG-ring system of rubriflordilactone B." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 1 (2017): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qo00241b.

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27

Tang, Jun, Zhengtao Wang, Teruaki Akao, and Masao Hattori. "Further Evidence on the Intramolecular Lactonization in Rat Liver Microsomal Metabolism of 12-O-acetylated Retronecine-type Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 11 (November 2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801111.

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We have previously found evidence of intramolecular lactonization in rat liver microsomal metabolism of isoline, a 12- O-acetylated pyrrolizidine alkaloid. In this study, the metabolism of another 12- O-acetylated pyrrolizidine alkaloid, acetylduciformine, by the proposed transformation pathway was investigated under the same incubation conditions. Two deacetylated metabolites from acetylduciformine were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods, and further characterized based on their physical properties and spectral data. One metabolite (lankongensisine A) was the lactone of another one (duciformine). Both compounds were first obtained as hydrolyzed metabolites from acetylduciformine by rat liver microsomes. More importantly, the present study provided further evidence for the intramolecular lactonization in the microsomal metabolism of 12- O-acetylated retronecine-type PAs.

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28

Luo, Zhi, Zhong-Hua Gao, Zhi-Yong Song, You-Feng Han, and Song Ye. "Visible light mediated oxidative lactonization of 2-methyl-1,1′-biaryls for the synthesis of benzocoumarins." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 17 (2019): 4212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob00529c.

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29

Chen, Ping, Kai Wang, Boyu Zhang, Wengang Guo, Yan Liu, and Can Li. "Water enables an asymmetric cross reaction of α-keto acids with α-keto esters for the synthesis of quaternary isotetronic acids." Chemical Communications 55, no. 85 (2019): 12813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06356k.

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30

Kumbhar, Sharad V., and Chinpiao Chen. "Enantioselective Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi allylation-lactonization for the syntheses of 3-substituted phthalides." RSC Advances 8, no. 72 (2018): 41355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09575b.

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A chromium-catalyzed enantioselective Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi allylation of substituted (2-ethoxycarbonyl)benzaldehydes and subsequent lactonization to synthesize phthalides with an optimal enantioselectivity of 99%.

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31

Delbrouck, Julien A., Abdellatif Tikad, and Stéphane P. Vincent. "Efficient and regioselective synthesis of γ-lactone glycosides through a novel debenzylative cyclization reaction." Chemical Communications 54, no. 70 (2018): 9845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05523h.

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An efficient and regioselective approach for the construction of synthetically important γ-lactone glycosides is reported from unprotected aldoses through a new debenzylative lactonization (DBL) reaction.

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32

Xu, Kunhua, Wenming Chen, Xu Chen, Biao Wang, Jun Huang, and Xu Tian. "Organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation/hemiketalization/lactonization cascade reactions: highly enantioselective synthesis of furo[2,3-b]benzofuranones." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 13 (2020): 1679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo00475h.

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A highly diastereo- and enantioselective organocatalytic Friedel–Crafts alkylation/hemiketalization/lactonization cascade reaction generating furo[2,3-b]benzofuranones in good to excellent yields with high stereoselectivities.

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33

Abbasov, Mikail E., Brandi M. Hudson, Dean J. Tantillo, and Daniel Romo. "Stereodivergent, Diels–Alder-initiated organocascades employing α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts: scope, mechanism, and application." Chemical Science 8, no. 2 (2017): 1511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc04273b.

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34

Guo, Yanjun, Aibao Xia, Chenhong Meng, Zhenyuan Xu, and Danqian Xu. "Direct conversion of γ,γ-dicarbonyl-substituted aldehydes into γ-lactones with a sodium chlorite/DBDMH combination." Green Chemistry 19, no. 11 (2017): 2546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00144d.

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35

Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan, and Daniel R. Nicponski. "Diastereoselective synthesis of α-(aminomethyl)-γ-butyrolactones via a catalyst-free aminolactonization." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 96 (2014): 15216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05765a.

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An auto-catalytic domino reaction involving an aza-Michael reaction, proton transfer, and lactonization furnishing α-aminomethyl-γ-butyrolactones in near quantitative yields and excellent diastereoselectivity is described.

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36

Lei, Chuan-Wen, Chuan-Bao Zhang, Zhen-Hua Wang, Ke-Xin Xie, Jian-Qiang Zhao, Ming-Qiang Zhou, Xiao-Mei Zhang, Xiao-Ying Xu, and Wei-Cheng Yuan. "Cyclocondensation of coumarin-3-thioformates with 3-hydroxyoxindoles and 3-aminooxindoles for the synthesis of spiro-fused pentaheterocyclic compounds." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 3 (2020): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo01039d.

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A range of spiro-fused pentaheterocyclic compounds including spiro-butyrolactoneoxindole[3,4-c]coumarins and spiro-butyrolactamoxindole[3,4-c]coumarins were smoothly obtained via tandem Michael addition-lactonization/lactamization process.

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37

Tassano, Erika, Kemal Merusic, Isa Buljubasic, Olivia Laggner, Tamara Reiter, Andreas Vogel, and Mélanie Hall. "Regioselective biocatalytic self-sufficient Tishchenko-type reaction via formal intramolecular hydride transfer." Chemical Communications 56, no. 47 (2020): 6340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc02509g.

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Alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the regioselective lactonization of dialdehydes via a bio-Tishchenko-like reaction. The nicotinamide-dependent self-sufficient reduction–oxidation sequence proceeds through a formal intramolecular hydride shift.

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38

Neyyappadath, Rifahath M., David B. Cordes, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and Andrew D. Smith. "6-exo-trig Michael addition-lactonizations for catalytic enantioselective chromenone synthesis." Chemical Communications 53, no. 17 (2017): 2555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc10178j.

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The catalytic enantioselective 6-exo-trig Michael addition-lactonization of enone-acid substrates to form cis-chromenones with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol was developed using the commercially available isothiourea tetramisole.

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39

Maleki, Abbas, Davood Nematollahi, Fereshteh Rasouli, and Azam Zeinodini-Meimand. "Electrode instead of catalyst and enzyme. A greener protocol for the synthesis of new 2-hydroxyacetamide derivatives containing a γ-lactone ring." Green Chemistry 18, no. 3 (2016): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01863c.

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Electrochemical synthesis of novel 2-hydroxyacetamides was performed in a one-pot protocol including the oxygen activation, extradiol cleavage, lactonization and amide bond formation sequence without any catalyst and enzyme.

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40

Fernandes, Rodney A., Ashvin J. Gangani, and Rupesh A. Kunkalkar. "Metal-free annulative hydrosulfonation of propiolate esters: synthesis of 4-sulfonates of coumarins and butenolides." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 10 (2020): 3970–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06438a.

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An efficient metal-free and cost-effective method for the synthesis of coumarin and butenolide 4-sulfonates has been developed involving addition of sulfonic acids to ethyl propiolates followed by lactonization.

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41

Krishna, Palakodety, Mopuri Reddy, and Gembali Manikanta. "First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Anti-Inflammatory Metabolite Penicillinolide A." Synthesis 51, no. 06 (November 14, 2018): 1427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611040.

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The first asymmetric total synthesis of penicillinolide A is described. Key steps of the synthesis involve Jacobsen’s hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR), chelation controlled allylation, Brown’s asymmetric allylation, hydroboration, and Yamaguchi lactonization.

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42

Touchy, Abeda Sultana, and Ken-ichi Shimizu. "Acceptorless dehydrogenative lactonization of diols by Pt-loaded SnO2 catalysts." RSC Advances 5, no. 37 (2015): 29072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03337c.

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SnO₂-supported platinum (Pt/SnO₂) effectively catalyzed the acceptorless dehydrogenative lactonization of benzylic and aliphatic diols under solvent-free conditions in N₂.

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43

Xie, Lihua, Shunxi Dong, Qian Zhang, Xiaoming Feng, and Xiaohua Liu. "Asymmetric construction of dihydrobenzofuran-2,5-dione derivatives via desymmetrization of p-quinols with azlactones." Chemical Communications 55, no. 1 (2019): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08985j.

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3-Amino-benzofuran-2,5-diones containing a chiral amino acid residue were achieved through BG-1·HBPh₄ catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition/lactonization cascade reaction of p-quinols with azlactones.

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44

Wada, Emiko, Akanksha Tyagi, Akira Yamamoto, and Hisao Yoshida. "Dehydrogenative lactonization of diols with a platinum-loaded titanium oxide photocatalyst." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 16, no. 12 (2017): 1744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00258k.

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45

Wang, Ding, Zhishuang Ma, Nana Wang, Chenyu Li, Tao Wang, Yong Liang, and Zunting Zhang. "Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-6H-naphtho[2,3-c]coumarin via a TsOH-mediated tandem reaction." Chemical Communications 56, no. 71 (2020): 10369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04452k.

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7-Hydroxy-6H-naphtho[2,3-c]coumarin derivatives were synthesized using 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethanone and Meldrum's acid via TsOH-mediated tandem reaction, including aldol reaction, lactonization and Friedel–Crafts reaction.

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46

Mukaiyama, T., T. Tozawa, H. Nagao, and Y. Yamane. "Asymmetric Domino Mukaiyama-Michael-Addition-Lactonization." Synfacts 2007, no. 3 (March 2007): 0318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-968233.

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47

Bäckvall, Jan-E., Pher G. Andersson, and Jan O. V»gberg. "Stereocontrolled lactonization reactions via palladium-catalysis." Tetrahedron Letters 30, no. 1 (1989): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(01)80345-2.

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48

Xu, Chunfa, and Qilong Shen. "Lewis Acid Mediated Trifluoromethylthio Lactonization/Lactamization." Organic Letters 17, no. 18 (September 9, 2015): 4561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02315.

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Liu, Ji, Romain J. Miotto, Julien Segard, Ashley M. Erb, and Aaron Aponick. "Catalytic Dehydrative Lactonization of Allylic Alcohols." Organic Letters 20, no. 10 (May 8, 2018): 3034–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01063.

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Trost, Barry M., and Andrew McClory. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Alkylative Lactonization and Carbocyclization." Organic Letters 8, no. 17 (August 2006): 3627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol0610136.

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