Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lactose operon

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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Lactose operon'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lactose operon"

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Szeberényi, József. "Lactose operon mutants." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 30, no. 6 (November 2002): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.2002.494030060092.

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Mackey, Michael C., Moisés Santillán, and Necmettin Yildirim. "Modeling operon dynamics: the tryptophan and lactose operons as paradigms." Comptes Rendus Biologies 327, no. 3 (March 2004): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2003.11.009.

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Szeberenyi, Jozsef. "cAMP Regulation of the lactose operon." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 32, no. 3 (May 2004): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.2004.494032030349.

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Abranches, Jacqueline, Yi-Ywan M. Chen, and Robert A. Burne. "Galactose Metabolism by Streptococcus mutans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 6047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.6047-6052.2004.

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ABSTRACT The galK gene, encoding galactokinase of the Leloir pathway, was insertionally inactivated in Streptococcus mutans UA159. The galK knockout strain displayed only marginal growth on galactose, but growth on glucose or lactose was not affected. In strain UA159, the sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) for lactose and the PTS for galactose were induced by growth in lactose and galactose, although galactose PTS activity was very low, suggesting that S. mutans does not have a galactose-specific PTS and that the lactose PTS may transport galactose, albeit poorly. To determine if the galactose growth defect of the galK mutant could be overcome by enhancing lactose PTS activity, the gene encoding a putative repressor of the operon for lactose PTS and phospho-β-galactosidase, lacR, was insertionally inactivated. A galK and lacR mutant still could not grow on galactose, although the strain had constitutively elevated lactose PTS activity. The glucose PTS activity of lacR mutants grown in glucose was lower than in the wild-type strain, revealing an influence of LacR or the lactose PTS on the regulation of the glucose PTS. Mutation of the lacA gene of the tagatose pathway caused impaired growth in lactose and galactose, suggesting that galactose can only be efficiently utilized when both the Leloir and tagatose pathways are functional. A mutation of the permease in the multiple sugar metabolism operon did not affect growth on galactose. Thus, the galactose permease of S. mutans is not present in the gal, lac, or msm operons.
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Vaughan, Elaine E., R. David Pridmore, and Beat Mollet. "Transcriptional Regulation and Evolution of Lactose Genes in the Galactose-Lactose Operon of Lactococcus lactisNCDO2054." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 18 (September 15, 1998): 4893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.18.4893-4902.1998.

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ABSTRACT The genetics of lactose utilization within the slow-lactose-fermenting Lactococcus lactis strain NCDO2054 was studied with respect to the organization, expression, and evolution of the lac genes. Initially the β-galactosidase gene (lacZ) was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant on a 7-kb HpaI fragment. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the complete fragment revealed part of a gal-lac operon, and the genes were characterized by inactivation and complementation analyses and in vitro enzyme activity measurements. The gene order isgalK-galT-lacA-lacZ-galE; the gal genes encode enzymes of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism, andlacA encodes a galactoside acetyltransferase. ThegalT and galE genes of L. lactisLM0230 (a lactose plasmid-cured derivative of the fast-lactose-fermenting L. lactis C2) were highly similar at the nucleotide sequence level to their counterparts in strain NCDO2054 and, furthermore, had the same gene order except for the presence of the intervening lacA-lacZ strain NCDO2054. Analysis of mRNA for the gal and lac genes revealed an unusual transcriptional organization for the operon, with a surprisingly large number of transcriptional units. The regulation of the lac genes was further investigated by using fusions consisting of putative promoter fragments and the promoterless β-glucuronidase gene (gusA) from E. coli, which identified three lactose-inducible intergenic promoters in the gal-lac operon. The greater similarity of thelacA and lacZ genes to homologs in gram-negative organisms than to those of gram-positive bacteria, in contrast to the homologies of the gal genes, suggests that the genes within the gal operon of L. lactisNCDO2054 have been recently acquired. Thus, thelacA-lacZ genes appear to have engaged the promoters of thegal operon in order to direct and control their expression.
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Nanavati, Dhaval M., Tu N. Nguyen, and Kenneth M. Noll. "Substrate Specificities and Expression Patterns Reflect the Evolutionary Divergence of Maltose ABC Transporters in Thermotoga maritima." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 6 (March 15, 2005): 2002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.6.2002-2009.2005.

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ABSTRACT Duplication of transporter genes is apparent in the genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. The physiological impacts of these duplications are not well understood, so we used the bacterium's two putative maltose transporters to begin a study of the evolutionary relationship between a transporter's function and the control of expression of its genes. We show that the substrate binding proteins encoded by these operons, MalE1 and MalE2, have different substrate specificities and affinities and that they are expressed under different growth conditions. MalE1 binds maltose (dissociation constant [KD ], 24 ± 1 μM), maltotriose (KD , 8 ± 0.5 nM), and β-(1→4)-mannotetraose (KD , 38 ± 1 μM). In contrast, MalE2 binds maltose (KD , 8.4 ± 1 μM), maltotriose (KD , 11.5 ± 1.5 μM), and trehalose (KD , 9.5 ± 1.0 μM) confirming the findings of Wassenberg et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 295:279-288, 2000). Neither protein binds lactose. We examined the expression of these operons at both the transcriptional and translational levels and found that MalE1 is expressed in cells grown on lactose or guar gum and that MalE2 is highly expressed in starch- and trehalose-grown cells. Evidence is provided that malE1, malF1, and perhaps malG1 are cotranscribed and so constitute an operon. An open reading frame encoding a putative transcriptional regulatory protein adjacent to this operon (TM1200) is also up-regulated in response to growth on lactose. These evolutionarily related transporter operons have diverged both in function and expression to assume apparently different physiological roles.
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RAWLS, REBECCA. "LACTOSE OPERON REPRESSOR Elusive structure finally determined." Chemical & Engineering News 74, no. 10 (March 4, 1996): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n010.p004.

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Sendy, Bandar, David J. Lee, Stephen J. W. Busby, and Jack A. Bryant. "RNA polymerase supply and flux through the lac operon in Escherichia coli." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1707 (November 5, 2016): 20160080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0080.

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by quantification of immunoprecipitated DNA, can be used to measure RNA polymerase binding to any DNA segment in Escherichia coli . By calibrating measurements against the signal from a single RNA polymerase bound at a single promoter, we can calculate both promoter occupancy levels and the flux of transcribing RNA polymerase through transcription units. Here, we have applied the methodology to the E. coli lactose operon promoter. We confirm that promoter occupancy is limited by recruitment and that the supply of RNA polymerase to the lactose operon promoter depends on its location in the E. coli chromosome. Measurements of RNA polymerase binding to DNA segments within the lactose operon show that flux of RNA polymerase through the operon is low, with, on average, over 18 s elapsing between the passage of transcribing polymerases. Similar low levels of flux were found when semi-synthetic promoters were used to drive transcript initiation, even when the promoter elements were changed to ensure full occupancy of the promoter by RNA polymerase. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.
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Michel, Denis. "Kinetic approaches to lactose operon induction and bimodality." Journal of Theoretical Biology 325 (May 2013): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.02.005.

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Reznikoff, William S. "The lactose operon-controlling elements: a complex paradigm." Molecular Microbiology 6, no. 17 (October 27, 2006): 2419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01416.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lactose operon"

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Carmichael, C. S. J. "Decomposition of the lactose operon." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13315.

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The immediate aims of the project, as set out in the introduction, were 1) to separate the lacZ and lacY genes of the lactose operon such that they could be controlled/induced independently 2) to maintain the expression construct in the E.coli chromosome. The lacY gene was subcloned into plasmid PBN372 downstream of the S.marsescens trp promoter. The flanking E.coli trp genes were exploited to integrate the construct into the E.coli chromosome at the trpB locus via homologous recombination. Homologous recombinants should be trp{-}. Two approaches were employed to achieve integration: 1) transformation of a recD strain (which was also a lacY deletion) 2) transduction with phage lambda. The first method was unsuccessful, only spontaneous trp- mutations were isolated. The second method yielded several integrants, one of which was used in subsequent growth experiments. Since the constructed strain was rendered trp-, the internal tryptophan concentration could be influenced by the concentration of tryptophan in the medium and the level of induction could be set by the addition of differing amounts of the antirepressor, IAA. The growth rate of the constructed strain in minimal lactose media was comparable with that of wild type E.coli. The permease activity of the constructed strain was seen to vary when assayed in the presence of varying amounts of IAA. The expression of permease was also demonstrated to be independent of galactosidase activity. The constructed strain therefore met all the initial requirements for the experimental system set out in this thesis. Difficulties were encountered during the analysis of permease induction in batch culture. This was due to the competition between antirepressor (IAA) and corepressor (tryptophan). These difficulties would have been minimal had the analysis been carried out in chemostat experiments. It would then have been possible to maintain a constant, low level of tryptophan throughout the experiment. In batch culture, the tryptophan level is constantly changing, initially being relatively high and becoming depleted as the experiment progresses.
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Ford, Kelsey L. "Knockout of the lacZ gene in Enterobacter sp. YSU." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1534337870735813.

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Upadhyay, Manisha. "The flp operons of Lactococcus lactis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274956.

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Eschenlauer, Arthur Copeland. "Activation of initiation of transcription of the E. coli lactose operon by catabolite-gene activator protein." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25662568.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1991.
Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-88).
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Tsai, Yu-Kuo, and 蔡昱果. "Sequence and Regulation of Lactose and Galactose Operons in Lactobacillus rhamnosus and a point mutation that causing phenotype switch of lactose metabolism in Lactobaxillus casei." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20782079376214796379.

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博士
國立清華大學
生命科學系
96
A gene cluster containing nine ORFs involved in the metabolism of lactose and galactose in L. rhamnosus TCELL-1 was sequenced and characterized. The order of the ORFs was lacTEGF and galKETRM. Northern blotting experiments revealed that the gene cluster could be transcribed as one lacTEGF-galKETRM mRNA though there were three major transcripts (lacTEGF, galKETRM and galETRM) detected for the gene cluster. The transcription of the lac or gal operon was independently induced in the presence of lactose or galactose. Northern blotting and primer extension experiments found the presence of four putative promoters upstream from the ORFs lacT (lacTp), galK (galKp1 and galKp2) and galE (galEp). The measurements of enzymatic activities of GalK, GalE and GalT suggested that expression of the gal operon was subjected to a glucose repression and galactose activation mechanism. We suspect that the gal operon could be regulated by a dual regulation mechanism, namely glucose repression possibly mediated by CcpA (Catabolite control protein A) and galactose induction through GalR and its binding sites. Besides, the β-galactosidase activity could also be detected in L. rhamnosus TCELL-1. These results indicated that the galactose moiety of lactose in L. rhamnosus TCELL-1 could be metabolized by two alternative pathways (the Leloir and the tagatose 6-phosphate pathways) while galactose metabolism could be mediated by the Leloir pathway. This work provides important information of sugar metabolism in L. rhamnosus. Lactose metabolism is a changeable phenotype in strains of Lactobacillus casei. In this study, we found that L. casei ATCC 27139 was unable to utilize lactose. However, under the lactose selection, the spontaneous revertant colonies (Lac+) were obtained. A gene cluster (lacTEGF-galKETRM) involved in the metabolism of lactose and galactose in L. casei ATCC 27139 (Lac-) and its Lac+ revertant (designated as strain R1) was sequenced and characterized. We found that only one nucleotide located in the lacTEGF promoter (lacTp) of these two lac-gal gene clusters was different. The protein sequence identity between the lac-gal gene cluster and those reported previously for some L. casei (Lac+) strains was high namely, 96 to 100% identity was found and no premature stop codon was identified on it. A single point mutation occurred on the same lacTp promoter region was also detected for 41 other independently isolated Lac+ revertants of L. casei ATCC 27139. The revertants could be divided into six classes based on the positions of the point mutations detected. Northern blotting and primer extension experiments for the activity of the lacTp promoter further found that the lacTp promoter of strain R1 was functional while that of L. casei ATCC 27139 was not. These results suggest that a single point mutation on the lacTp promoter was able to restore the transcription of fully functional lacTEGF operon and caused a phenotype switch from Lac- to Lac+ for L. casei ATCC 27139 (Lac-).
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Books on the topic "Lactose operon"

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The lac Operon: A short history of a genetic paradigm. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.

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Sabri, Omar, and Martin Bircher. Management of limb and pelvic injuries. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0336.

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Pelvic ring injuries can be life and limb threatening. The mechanism of injury can often be a good indicator of the type of injury; the Young & Burgess classification deploys that concept to full effect. Early identification based on mechanism of injury and improved prehospital care can play a major role in the outcome following such injuries. Pelvic ring injuries can lead to significant haemorrhage. Mechanical measures to stabilize the pelvis, in addition to modern concepts of damage control resuscitation (DCR), have been shown to be effective in early management of potentially life-threatening haemorrhage. Emphasis is now entirely on protecting the primary clot following a pelvic ring injury. Mechanical disturbance by log rolling the patient or springing of the pelvis are strongly discouraged. Early radiological clearance of the pelvis is encouraged. The lethal triad of coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia should be corrected simultaneously to improve outcome. A traffic light system for monitoring venous lactate as an indicator of the patients’ physiological state can help the intensive care practitioner and the surgeon identify optimum timing for surgery. Pelvic ring injuries are associated with significant concomitant injuries. Limb trauma can also be life or limb threatening. Early identification, splinting, and resuscitation follow the same guidelines as pelvic ring injuries. Open long bone fractures should be managed by senior orthopaedic and plastic surgeons.
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Book chapters on the topic "Lactose operon"

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Mackey, Michael C., Moisés Santillán, Marta Tyran-Kamińska, and Eduardo S. Zeron. "The Lactose Operon." In Lecture Notes on Mathematical Modelling in the Life Sciences, 73–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45318-7_5.

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Dean, Antony M. "Molecular Adaptation in the Lactose Operon." In Control of Metabolic Processes, 389–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9856-2_35.

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Pinto, Marcelo Cezar, Luciana Foss, José Carlos Merino Mombach, and Leila Ribeiro. "Modeling and Property Verification of Lactose Operon Regulation." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 95–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11532323_11.

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Tian, Tianhai, and Kevin Burrage. "A Mathematical Model for Genetic Regulation of the Lactose Operon." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2005, 1245–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11424826_132.

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Bose, Sminu, Cissy Zhang, and Anne Le. "Glucose Metabolism in Cancer: The Warburg Effect and Beyond." In The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_1.

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AbstractOtto Warburg observed a peculiar phenomenon in 1924, unknowingly laying the foundation for the field of cancer metabolism. While his contemporaries hypothesized that tumor cells derived the energy required for uncontrolled replication from proteolysis and lipolysis, Warburg instead found them to rapidly consume glucose, converting it to lactate even in the presence of oxygen. The significance of this finding, later termed the Warburg effect, went unnoticed by the broader scientific community at that time. The field of cancer metabolism lay dormant for almost a century awaiting advances in molecular biology and genetics, which would later open the doors to new cancer therapies [2, 3].
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"The Lactose Operon in Escherichia coli." In Cell and Biomolecular Sciences, 113–28. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203166314.ch9.

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"Genes." In Examining the Causal Relationship Between Genes, Epigenetics, and Human Health, 186–204. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8066-9.ch009.

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Gene expression patterns are dependent on their internal cell environment of their DNA, their immediate internal cell environment, and the integrity of their DNA. It also depends on the cell's external environment comprised of signals from other parts of the body including chemicals, nutrients, and/or mechanical stress. Gene regulation is achieved by a wide range of mechanisms that cells use to control whether genes are transcribed, when they are transcribed, and to regulate the quantity of certain proteins based on the cellular and/or environmental feedback. Proper regulation of gene expression is required by organisms to respond to continually changing environmental conditions. Some bacterial genes are transcribed as a unit under a regulatory system called an operon which contains functionally related genes. Three well studied operons include the lactose operon, histidine operon, and tryptophan operon. Gene regulation in higher organisms can occur at various stages from DNA level to protein assembly. This chapter explores this aspect of genes.
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Robeva, Raina, Bessie Kirkwood, and Robin Davies. "Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: Boolean Network Models of the Lactose Operon in Escherichia coli." In Mathematical Concepts and Methods in Modern Biology, 1–35. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-415780-4.00001-6.

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Robeva, Raina, and Necmettin Yildirim. "Bistability in the Lactose Operon of Escherichia coli: A Comparison of Differential Equation and Boolean Network Models." In Mathematical Concepts and Methods in Modern Biology, 37–74. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-415780-4.00002-8.

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Taber, Douglass F. "The Tan/Chen/Yang Synthesis of Schindilactone A." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0088.

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Schindilactone A 3 is one of a closely related family of polycyclic lactones that have been used in China for the treatment of rheumatic disease. The synthesis of 3 reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 7373) by Ye-Feng Tang of Tsinghua University and Jia-Hua Chen and Zhen Yang of Peking University is an elegant tour of metal-mediated bond construction, as exemplified by the cyclization of 1 to 2. The preparation of 1 began with the Diels-Alder reaction of 4 with the butadiene 5. Addition of methyl magnesium chloride converted 6 to the crystalline lactone 7. Angular hydroxylation followed by ring expansion gave the bromo enone 8, which was homologated to the lactone 11. Apparently, the bulky silyloxy group directed the addition of the butenyl Grignard reagent 10 to the top face of the ketone carbonyl. Hydroxylation of the lactone followed by the addition of 12 then gave 1 as a mixture of diastereomers. Only one of the two diastereomers of 1 could undergo ring-closing metathesis to form the second of the three carbocyclic rings of 3. The two lactol diastereomers were in equilibrium with each other by way of the open-chain enone. When MgBr2 was added to encourage equilibration, the metathesis proceeded to completion to give 2. The tertiary alcohol of 2 was esterified with 2-butynoic acid to give 13. Intramolecular Pauson-Khand cyclization, using the optimized protocol developed by the authors, then delivered the enone 13, completing the last carbocyclic ring of 3. The last remarkable metal-mediated reaction in the synthesis was the oxidative carbonylation of 14 to 15. It is not clear if the postcarbonylation event is direct Pd-mediated C–O bond formation or the intramolecular addition of alkoxide to a transient butenolide. To complete the synthesis, 15 was methylated, then deprotonated and kinetically quenched to set the proper relative configuration of the last methyl group. Remarkably, despite the presence in the molecule of three other acidic protons, including the one that had just been removed and kinetically reset, exposure of the acetate 16 to a large excess of base, followed by oxidation, gave clean conversion to schindilactone A 3.
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Conference papers on the topic "Lactose operon"

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WANG, SHAOPING, and WEIJIE WANG. "A Dynamic Multiple Input Description of Lactose Operon Expression." In Sixth International Conference on Advances in Bio-Informatics, Bio-Technology and Environmental Engineering - ABBE 2018. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-148-1-02.

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Lu, Lili, and Hongwei Lou. "Mathematical Description of the Lac Operon Regulation in Diauxic and Non-Diauxic Growth on Glucose and Lactose." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163028.

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Pannekok, H., A. J. Van Zonneveid, C. J. M. de vries, M. E. MacDonald, H. Veerman, and F. Blasi. "FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF DELETION-MUTANTS OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643724.

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Over the past twenty-five years, genetic methods have generated a wealth of information on the regulation and the structure-function relationship of bacterial genes.These methods are based on the introduction of random mutations in a gene to alter its function. Subsequently, genetic techniques cure applied to localize the mutation, while the nature of the impairedfunction could be determined using biochemical methods. Classic examples of this approach is now considered to be the elucidation of the structure and function of genes, constituting the Escherichia coli lactose (lac) and tryptophan (trp) operons,and the detailed establishment of the structure and function of the repressor (lacl) of the lac operon. Recombinant DNA techniques and the development of appropriate expression systems have provided the means both to study structure and functionof eukaryotic (glyco-) proteins and to create defined mutations with a predestinedposition. The rationale for the construction of mutant genes should preferentiallyrely on detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the gene product.Elegant examples are the application of in vitro mutagenesis techniques to substitute amino-acid residues near the catalytic centre of subtilisin, a serine proteasefrom Bacillus species and to substituteanamino acid in the reactive site (i.e. Pi residue; methionine) of α-antitrypsin, a serine protease inhibitor. Such substitutions have resulted into mutant proteins which are less susceptible to oxidation and, in some cases, into mutant proteins with a higher specific activity than the wild-type protein.If no data are available on the ternary structure of a protein, other strategies have to be developed to construct intelligent mutants to study the relation between the structure and the function of a eukaryotic protein. At least for a number of gene families, the gene structure is thought to be created by "exon shuffling", an evolutionary recombinational process to insert an exon or a set of exons which specify an additional structural and/or functional domain into a pre-existing gene. Both the structure of the tissue-type plasminogen activator protein(t-PA) and the t-PA gene suggest that this gene has evolved as a result of exon shuffling. As put forward by Gilbert (Science 228 (1985) 823), the "acid test"to prove the validity of the exon shuffling theory is either to delete, insert or to substitute exon(s) (i.e. in the corresponding cDNA) and toassay the properties of the mutant proteins to demonstrate that an exon or a set of adjacent exons encode (s) an autonomousfunction. Indeed, by the construction of specific deletions in full-length t-PA cDNA and expression of mutant proteins intissue-culture cells, we have shown by this approach that exon 2 of thet-PA gene encodes the function required forsecretion, exon 4 encodes the "finger" domain involved in fibrin binding(presumably on undegraded fibrin) and the set of exons 8 and 9 specifies kringle 2, containing a lysine-binding sit(LBS) which interacts with carboxy-terminal lysines, generated in fibrin after plasmic digestion. Exons 10 through 14 encode the carboxy-ter-minal light chain of t-PA and harbor the catalytic centre of the molecule and represents the predominant "target site" for the fast-acting endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1).As a follow-up of this genetic approach to construct deletion mutants of t-PA, we also created substitution mutants of t-PA. Different mutants were constructed to substitute cDNA encoding thelight chain of t-PA by cDNA encoding the B-chain of urokinase (u-PA), in order to demonstrate that autonomous structural and functional domains of eitherone of the separate molecules are able toexert their intrinsic properties in a different context (C.J.M. de Vries et al., this volume). The possibilities and the limitations of this approach to study the structure and the function of t-PA and of other components of the fibrinolytic process will be outlined.
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Dong, Su, Xuesong Song, Meng Jin, Haichun Ma, and Jia Liu. "Effects of Infusion of Acetated Ringer's Solution on Serum Electrolytes, Lactate and Body Temperature in Elderly Patients Undergoing Septic Shock Opertion." In 2015 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itme.2015.53.

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Reports on the topic "Lactose operon"

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Joel, Daniel M., John C. Steffens, and Alfred M. Mayer. Host-Elicited Germination and Mechanism of Penetration in Broomrape (Orobanche Spp.). United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568107.bard.

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Orobanche is an important parasitic weed. For developing novel methods for its control, a thorough understanding of crucial stages of its development is needed. Therefore, the objectives of this project were characterization of Orobanche germination stimulants, analysis of mechanisms of haustorial penetration, and characterization and isolation of penetration enzymes. The first highly potent natural germination stimulant for Orobanche was isolated from sunflower and identified by high-field 1D (1H and 13C), 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC)-NMR, GC.FT-IR, and GC.MS as costuslactone, a guaiane type sesquiterpene lactone that resembles strigol only in possessing a lactone moiety that is required for activity. The first direct in situ evidence for the enzymatic nature of the infection process of a parasitic angiosperm was established. Pectin deesterification and depletion of pectins in host cell walls were shown adjacent to haustorial cells. Pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase were immunocytochemically detected in intrusive cells and in adjacent host apoplast. Orobanche tissues contain inhibitors of PGase activity. PME and three PGases were isolated from Orobanche calli. PME was characterized and purified, and antibodies were prepared against it. This study presents novel findings regarding parasitism in Orobanche, which may help to open up new approaches for controlling broomrapes.
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