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Journal articles on the topic 'Lactose synthesis in pigs'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Frank, Jason W., Jeffery Escobar, Agus Suryawan, et al. "Dietary protein and lactose increase translation initiation factor activation and tissue protein synthesis in neonatal pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 290, no. 2 (2006): E225—E233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00351.2005.

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Protein synthesis and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) activation are increased in muscle and liver of pigs parenterally infused with amino acids and insulin. To examine the effects of enteral protein and carbohydrate on protein synthesis, pigs ( n = 42, 1.7 kg body wt) were fed isocaloric milk diets containing three levels of protein (5, 15, and 25 g·kg body wt−1·day−1) and two levels of lactose (low = 11 and high = 23 g·kg body wt−1·day−1) from 1 to 6 days of age. On day 7, pigs were gavage fed after 4-h food deprivation, and tissue protein synthesis rates and biomarkers of mRNA translatio

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2

Burrin, Douglas G., Timothy J. Wester, Teresa A. Davis, Marta L. Fiorotto, and Xiaoyan Chang. "Dexamethasone inhibits small intestinal growth via increased protein catabolism in neonatal pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, no. 2 (1999): E269—E277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.2.e269.

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Our objective was to determine how dexamethasone (Dex) affects gastrointestinal protein metabolism and growth in neonatal pigs. Two-day-old pigs were given daily subcutaneous injections of either Dex (1 mg/kg body wt, n = 7) or saline (control, n = 6) for 7 days. In vivo protein synthesis was measured after 7 days with a bolus of [3H]phenylalanine. Tissue protein contents were measured in an initial control group of 2-day-old pigs and in control and Dex pigs after 7 days to estimate protein accretion and degradation. In control pigs, the protein accretion in the ileum was nearly sixfold greate

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3

Dudley, Mary A., Linda Wykes, Alden W. Dudley, et al. "Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase Synthesis Is Decreased In Protein-Malnourished Pigs." Journal of Nutrition 127, no. 5 (1997): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.5.687.

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4

Farmer, C., N. L. Trottier, and J. Y. Dourmad. "Review: Current knowledge on mammary blood flow, mammary uptake of energetic precursors and their effects on sow milk yield." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 2 (2008): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07074.

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Dietary availability of nutrients to the mammary gland is a major limiting factor for sow milking potential. Nutrient availability to the udder is estimated by measuring mammary arteriovenous differences, which are affected by blood flow as well as circulating concentrations of nutrients. Mammary blood flow can be measured either directly or indirectly. Even though it is influenced by numerous factors, such as time since feeding, postural behavior, vasoactive substances, ambient temperature and litter size, authors report that the amount of plasma required to produce 1 kg of milk for a litter

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5

Dudley, M. A., F. Jahoor, D. G. Burrin, and P. J. Reeds. "Brush-border disaccharidase synthesis in infant pigs measured in vivo with [2H3]leucine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 267, no. 6 (1994): G1128—G1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.267.6.g1128.

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Conscious unrestrained piglets were fasted overnight and infused intravenously with [2H3]leucine for 6 h. Sucrase isomaltase and lactase phlorizin hydrolase were immunoprecipitated from jejunal mucosal membranes, and the immunoprecipitates were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. Bands corresponding to the pro and mature isoforms of both enzymes were acid hydrolyzed. [2H3]leucine isotopic enrichment was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization. Plasma leucine reached isotopic steady state within 90 min. The isotopic enrichment of mucosal leucine w

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6

Dudley, Mary A., Patricia A. Schoknecht, Alden W. Dudley, et al. "Lactase synthesis is pretranslationally regulated in protein-deficient pigs fed a protein-sufficient diet." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 4 (2001): G621—G628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.4.g621.

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The in vivo effects of protein malnutrition and protein rehabilitation on lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) synthesis were examined. Five-day-old pigs were fed isocaloric diets containing 10% (deficient, n = 12) or 24% (sufficient, n = 12) protein. After 4 wk, one-half of the animals in each dietary group were infused intravenously with [13C1]leucine for 6 h, and the jejunum was analyzed for enzyme activity, mRNA abundance, and LPH polypeptide isotopic enrichment. The remaining animals were fed the protein-sufficient diet for 1 wk, and the jejunum was analyzed. Jejunal mass and lactase enzyme

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7

DUDLEY, Mary A., Douglas G. BURRIN, Andrea QUARONI, et al. "Lactase phlorhizin hydrolase turnover in vivo in water-fed and colostrum-fed newborn pigs." Biochemical Journal 320, no. 3 (1996): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3200735.

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We have estimated the synthesis rates in vivo of precursor and brush-border (BB) polypeptides of lactase phlorhizin hydrolase (LPH) in newborn pigs fed with water or colostrum for 24 h post partum. At the end of the feeding period, piglets were anaesthetized and infused intravenously for 3 h with l-[4-3H]-phenylalanine. Blood and jejunal samples were collected at timed intervals. The precursor and BB forms of LPH were isolated from jejunal mucosa by immunoprecipitation followed by SDS/PAGE, and their specific radioactivity in Phe determined. The kinetics of precursor and BB LPH labelling were

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8

Lepine, Allan J., Malcolm Watford, R. Dean BOYD, Deborah A. Ross, and Dana M. Whitehead. "Relationship between hepatic fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis in the fasting neonatal pig." British Journal of Nutrition 70, no. 1 (1993): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19930106.

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Hepatocytes were isolated from sixteen fasting neonatal pigs and used in two experiments: (1) to determine the effect of various factors on the ability for hepatic oxidation of fatty acids and (2) to clarify the relationship between fatty acid oxidation and glucose synthesis. In Expt 1, newborn pigs were either fasted from birth for 24 h or allowed to suck ad lib. for 3 d followed by a 24 h fast. In the presence of pyruvate, oxidation of octanoate (2 mM) was about 30-fold greater than oleate (1 mM) regardless of age, but glucose synthesis was not enhanced beyond that observed for pyruvate alon

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9

SARKAR, N. K., J. K. G. KRAMER, J. I. ELLIOT, and M. S. WOLYNETZ. "INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FAT LEVEL ON GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF THE NEONATAL PIG." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-018.

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Four Yorkshire piglets, from each of 18 litters, were randomly allotted within litters, to four treatment groups 12 h after birth. Group 1 (Control) continued to be suckled by sows; the remaining piglets were reared artificially on a semi-synthetic liquid diet containing either 25% soybean oil (SBO) (group 2) or 3% SBO plus 22% lactose (groups 3 and 4). At 7, 14 and 21 days of age, 24 pigs from six litters were killed. Piglets on the 25% SBO diet grew faster (P < 0.05) than those on the 3% SBO diet while the growth rate of the suckled piglets tended to be between the growth rates of those o

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10

Dillon, E. Lichar, Darrell A. Knabe, and Guoyao Wu. "Lactate inhibits citrulline and arginine synthesis from proline in pig enterocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 276, no. 5 (1999): G1079—G1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.5.g1079.

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Hypocitrullinemia and hypoargininemia but hyperprolinemia are associated with elevated plasma concentration of lactate in infants. Because the small intestine may be a major organ for initiating proline catabolism via proline oxidase in the body and is the major source of circulating citrulline and arginine in neonates, we hypothesized that lactate is an inhibitor of intestinal synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline. To test this hypothesis, jejunum was obtained from 14-day-old suckling pigs for preparation of enterocyte mitochondria and metabolic studies. Mitochondria were used for

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11

Camacho, J. A., C. J. Peterson, G. J. White, and H. E. Morgan. "Accelerated ribosome formation and growth in neonatal pig hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 258, no. 1 (1990): C86—C91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.1.c86.

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Rapid growth (5 mg dry heart/h) of the left ventricular free wall (LVFW) in the newborn pig heart accompanied by lack of growth of the right ventricular free wall (RVFW) represents a unique natural model of cardiac enlargement that is free of pathophysiological influences. By 3 days of life, LVFW was 71% larger than at 4 h of age. Rates of protein synthesis were measured during perfusion of isolated pig hearts with bicarbonate buffer containing glucose, lactate, insulin, and plasma concentrations of amino acids of an aortic pressure of 60 mmHg. In hearts from pigs that were 18 h of age, rates

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12

Holmes, R. P., C. H. Hurst, D. G. Assimos, and H. O. Goodman. "Glucagon increases urinary oxalate excretion in the guinea pig." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 269, no. 3 (1995): E568—E574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.3.e568.

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Factors that influence hepatic oxalate synthesis are poorly defined. Hormones are important regulators of hepatic metabolism and could potentially be involved. The effects of hyperglucagonemia were examined in guinea pigs injected with either saline or pharmacological doses of glucagon for 4 days. Glucagon treatment increased mean urinary oxalate excretion by 77% in male and 34% in female animals. The levels of hepatic peroxisomal enzymes involved in oxalate synthesis declined with glucagon treatment, but experiments with isolated peroxisomes indicated that oxalate synthesis in vitro was unaff

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13

Wu, G., D. A. Knabe, W. Yan, and N. E. Flynn. "Glutamine and glucose metabolism in enterocytes of the neonatal pig." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 2 (1995): R334—R342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.2.r334.

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Glutamine and glucose metabolism was studied in 0- to 21-day-old pig enterocytes. Cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) in the presence of 2 mM [U-14C]glutamine with or without 5 mM glucose, or 5 mM [U-14C]glucose with or without 2 mM glutamine. Glutamine was metabolized to ammonia, glutamate, alanine, aspartate, CO2, citrulline, ornithine, and proline, whereas glucose was converted to lactate, pyruvate, and CO2 in pig enterocytes. CO2 production from glutamine accounted for 32-36% and 3-4% of utilized glutamine carbons in 0- to 7-day-ol

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14

Dudley, Mary A., Douglas G. Burrin, Linda J. Wykes, et al. "Protein kinetics determined in vivo with a multiple-tracer, single-sample protocol: application to lactase synthesis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 274, no. 3 (1998): G591—G598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.3.g591.

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Precise analysis of the kinetics of protein/enzyme turnover in vivo has been hampered by the need to obtain multiple tissue samples at different times during the course of a continuous tracer infusion. We hypothesized that the problem could be overcome by using an overlapping (i.e., staggered) infusion of multiple stable amino acid isotopomers, which would take the place of multiple tissue samples. We have measured, in pigs, the in vivo synthesis rates of precursor (rapidly turning over) and mature (slowly turning over) polypeptides of lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a model for glycoprotei

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15

Dudley, Mary A., Linda J. Wykes, Alden W. Dudley, et al. "Parenteral nutrition selectively decreases protein synthesis in the small intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 274, no. 1 (1998): G131—G137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.1.g131.

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We investigated the effects of an elemental diet fed parenterally or enterally on total mucosal protein and lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) synthesis. Catheters were placed in the stomach, jugular vein, and carotid artery of 12 3-day-old pigs. Half of the animals were given an elemental regimen enterally and the other half parenterally. Six days later, animals were infused intravenously with [2H3]leucine for 6 h and killed, and the midjejunum of each animal was collected for analysis. The weight of the midjejunum was 8 ± 1.5 and 17 ± 1.6 g in parenterally fed and enterally fed piglets, respe

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Pinto, A. B. F., L. de P. Naves, I. G. Lima та ін. "Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist". Animal Production Science 59, № 9 (2019): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18210.

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The optimised use of mixed crude glycerin (MCG) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) in diets for finishing pigs requires a better understanding of glycerol metabolism. Therefore, the present study evaluated the performance, blood parameters, metabolite concentrations in the Longissimus lumborum muscle and the activity of enzymes in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue and kidney of pigs fed diets containing MCG and/or RH. According to the initial weight, 64 barrows were distributed in a 4 × 2 factorial design, corresponding to four concentrations of MCG (0, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) in diets co

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17

BRUINS, Maaike J., Nicolaas E. P. DEUTZ, and Peter B. SOETERS. "Aspects of organ protein, amino acid and glucose metabolism in a porcine model of hypermetabolic sepsis." Clinical Science 104, no. 2 (2003): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1040127.

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Although glucose and protein metabolism have been investigated extensively in experimental models of hypodynamic sepsis, relatively little information is available regarding the compensated stage of sepsis. We investigated interorgan amino acid and glucose metabolism in a porcine model of compensated hyperdynamic sepsis. Fasting catheterized pigs received endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide; 3µg·h-1·kg-1; intravenous) or saline (controls) and volume resuscitation over 24h to reproduce hyperdynamic sepsis. Primed-constant infusions of p-aminohippurate and 3H-labelled isotopes were us

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Michoudet, C., M. F. Chauvin, and G. Baverel. "Glutamine synthesis from glucose and ammonium chloride by guinea-pig kidney tubules." Biochemical Journal 297, no. 1 (1994): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2970069.

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1. At a physiological concentration (5 mM), glucose was found to be metabolized by isolated kidney cortex tubules prepared from fed guinea pigs. 2. The release of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose indicated that oxidation of the glucose carbon skeleton represented about 50% of the glucose removed; significant amounts of lactate and glutamine also accumulated. 3. Addition of 0.1-10 mM NH4Cl led to a dose-dependent stimulation of glucose metabolism which was accompanied by a large increase in lactate and glutamine accumulation and, to a lesser extent, in glucose oxidation. 4. Comparison of the release o

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Hornung, Tabea C., and Hans-Konrad Biesalski. "Glut-1 explains the evolutionary advantage of the loss of endogenous vitamin C-synthesis." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2019, no. 1 (2019): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoz024.

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Abstract Introduction During evolution, some species including humans, monkeys and fruit bats lost the ability for ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis due to inactivation of the enzyme l-gulono-lactone oxidase (GLO) and subsequently became dependent on dietary vitamin C. There are four current hypotheses in relation to the benefit of vitamin C dependence in the context of adaptation and reproduction. Here we advance and test a new ‘electron transfer hypothesis’, which focusses on the role of the expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) in red blood cells (RBCs) in recycling vitamin C, thereby

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Torp, N., M. Rossi, J. T. Troelsen, J. Olsen, and E. M. Danielsen. "Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase and aminopeptidase N are differentially regulated in the small intestine of the pig." Biochemical Journal 295, no. 1 (1993): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2950177.

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The longitudinal expression of two brush-border enzymes, lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.23/62) and aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2), was studied in the small intestine of the post-weaned pig. Whereas the level of mRNA, encoding aminopeptidase N (relative to that of beta-actin), only varied moderately from the duodenum to the terminal ileum, the amount of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase mRNA exhibited a sharp maximum in the proximal jejunum. For both enzymes, the level of protein synthesis, studied in cultured mucosal explants, correlated well with the level of mRNA, and no major variation in

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Jang, Kibeom, Jerry M. Purvis, and S. W. Kim. "365 Effects of weaning ages on growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets with increasing lactose levels during at 7 to 11 kg body weight." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.267.

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Abstract Lactose is an effective carbohydrate source for nursery pigs. Weaning age could influence needs for lactose. Weaning ages can vary among producers depending on preferred management programs. This study aimed to evaluate optimum levels of lactose for pigs at 7 kg BW weaned at different ages. A total of 1,632 pigs were weaned at d21 (d 21.2 ± 1.3) or d25 (d 24.6 ± 1.1). Pigs had a common diet until they reach 7 kg BW. Within a same weaning age group, when pigs reached 7 kg body weight, they were allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 6, 9, 12, and 15% lactose. Feed intake and BW were mea

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Thymann, Thomas, Hanne K. Møller, Barbara Stoll, et al. "Carbohydrate maldigestion induces necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 6 (2009): G1115—G1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2009.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the most severe gastrointestinal disorder in preterm infants. It is associated with the initiation of enteral nutrition and may be related to immature carbohydrate digestive capacity. We tested the hypothesis that a formula containing maltodextrin vs. a formula containing lactose as the principal source of carbohydrate would predispose preterm pigs to a higher NEC incidence. Cesarean-derived preterm pigs were given total parenteral nutrition for 48 h followed by total enteral nutrition with a lactose-based ( n = 11) or maltodextrin-based ( n = 11) formul

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Pierce, K. M., J. J. Callan, P. McCarthy, and J. V. O'Doherty. "Performance of weanling pigs offered low or high lactose diets supplemented with avilamycin or inulin." Animal Science 80, no. 3 (2005): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc40900313.

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AbstractOne hundred and eighty piglets (24 days old, 6·0 kg live weight) were used to investigate interactions between lactose, avilamycin and inulin on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets. The piglets were blocked on the basis of live weight and within each block assigned to one of six dietary treatments (six replicates (pens) per treatment). The piglets were offered diets containing either a low (175 g/kg) or high (295 g/kg) lactose levels with one of the following food additives (1) 0 supplementation (2) avilamycin (60 mg/kg) or (3) inulin (15 g/kg) in a 2 × 3 fa

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Thymann, Thomas, Douglas G. Burrin, Kelly A. Tappenden, Charlotte R. Bjornvad, Søren K. Jensen, and Per T. Sangild. "Formula-feeding reduces lactose digestive capacity in neonatal pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 6 (2006): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061743.

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The intestine of newborn pigs develops rapidly during the first days postpartum. We investigated if feeding milk replacer (infant formula) as an alternative to colostrum has compromising effects on nutrient digestive function in the neonatal period. Nineteen piglets born at termwere assigned to one of four treatments: (1) newborn controls; (2) natural suckling for 24h; (3) tube-fed formula for 24h; (4) tube-fed porcine colostrum for 24h. All three fed groups showed significant increases in small-intestinal and colonic weights, villous heights and widths, maltase and aminopeptidase A activities

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Kajimoto, Masaki, Dolena R. Ledee, Aaron K. Olson, Nancy G. Isern, Christine Des Rosiers, and Michael A. Portman. "Differential effects of octanoate and heptanoate on myocardial metabolism during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in an infant swine model." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 7 (2015): H1157—H1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00298.2015.

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Nutritional energy support during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) should promote successful myocardial adaptation and eventual weaning from the ECMO circuit. Fatty acids (FAs) are a major myocardial energy source, and medium-chain FAs (MCFAs) are easily taken up by cell and mitochondria without membrane transporters. Odd-numbered MCFAs supply carbons to the citric acid cycle (CAC) via anaplerotic propionyl-CoA as well as acetyl-CoA, the predominant β-oxidation product for even-numbered MCFA. Theoretically, this anaplerotic pathway enhances carbon entry into the CAC, and provides sup

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Crowder, Stacie, Terry Weeden, Clayton Hankins, Terry Meyer, and Brenda de Rodas. "PSII-21 The Effect of Feeding a LucraFit® Feed Nursery Program without Lactose on Piglet Performance." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.305.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding LucraFit® Feed nursery program without lactose on piglet performance. A total of 440 weanling pigs, initial weight of 5.76 ± 0.23 kg., were randomly assigned to either Control or LucraFit® Feed treatments with 11 replicates per treatment and 20 pigs per pen. Pigs were weighed at day 0, 8, 15, 21, 29, and 43 post-weaning with corresponding ADG, ADFI, and G:F calculated for each time period. Data was analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS. Pigs were fed a three-phase nursery program with 2.27, 5.44, and 13.19 kg/pig fo

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Mavromichalis, I., J. D. Hancock, and B. W. Senne. "Replacing lactose with sucrose and molasses in simple or complex diets for nursery pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033730.

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The efficacy of milk products for improving growth performance in nursery pigs is well documented (Krider et al., 1949 and Graham et al., 1991). Mahan (1993) suggested that if a source of highly digestible protein and crystalline lactose was added to diets for newly weaned piglets, then traditional milk products (dried whey and skim milk) could be excluded. Crystalline lactose has found its way into many nursery diets manufactured in the USA, nowadays. A co-product of whey protein purification, crystalline lactose is a cheap source of milk sugar compared to most milk products. However, if pric

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Pierce, K. M., T. Sweeney, P. O. Brophy, et al. "The effect of lactose and inulin on intestinal morphology, selected microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations in the gastro-intestinal tract of the weanling pig." Animal Science 82, no. 3 (2006): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200634.

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AbstractTwenty piglets (21 days, 7·8 kg live weight (LW)) were used in a 2×2 factorial to investigate interactions between lactose and inulin on intestinal morphology, microbiology and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production of the weanling pig. The piglets were offered the following diets for 6 days and then sacrificed: (T1) 150 g/kg lactose, (T2) 150 g/kg lactose +15 g/kg inulin, ( T3) 330 g/kg lactose, and ( T4) 330 g/kg lactose +15 g/kg inulin. Tissue samples were taken from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum for morphological measurements. Digesta samples were taken from the ileum, caecum and c

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Martin, Claus, Rainer Schulz, Heiner Post, Petra Gres, and Gerd Heusch. "Effect of NO synthase inhibition on myocardial metabolism during moderate ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 6 (2003): H2320—H2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01122.2002.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the control of myocardial metabolism. In normoperfused myocardium, NO synthase inhibition shifts myocardial metabolism from free fatty acid (FFA) toward carbohydrate utilization. Ischemic myocardium is characterized by a similar shift toward preferential carbohydrate utilization, although NO synthesis is increased. The importance of NO for myocardial metabolism during ischemia has not been analyzed in detail. We therefore assessed the influence of NO synthase inhibition with N G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) on myocardial metabolism during moderate ischemia in anest

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O'Quinn, P. R., J. R. Bergstrom, J. A. Loughmiller, et al. "Performance of weanling pigs fed diets containing various lactose sources." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1996): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6512.

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Kuhn, Nicholas J., and Adrian White. "The Topography of Lactose Synthesis." Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 14, no. 3 (2009): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-009-9136-6.

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Frank, Jason, Emily Sholtz, Casey Neill, and Jon De Jong. "152 Effects of dietary lactose level on nursery pig performance." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.157.

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Abstract Lactose is a critical nutrient in post weaning diets to help pigs transition from sows’ milk to dry feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary lactose level on nursery pig performance. For this trial 1,080 weaned pigs (PIC 359 x 1050; BW = 6.24 kg; 21 d) were fed 5 lactose programs using a feed budget. Program A = 24, 18, 7%; B = 20, 14, 5%; C =16, 10, 3%; D = 12, 6, 1%; and E = 8, 2, 0% lactose for Phase 1, 2, and 3; respectively. The feed budget for Phase 1 (d 0–7), 2 (d 7–14), and 3 (d 14–20) was 0.91, 3.4, and 4.5 kg/pig; respectively. A co

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Fernandez-Mayoralas, Alfonso, and Manuel Martin-Lomas. "Synthesis of 3- and 2′-fucosyl-lactose and 3,2′-difucosyl-lactose from partially benzylated lactose derivatives." Carbohydrate Research 154, no. 1 (1986): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90025-9.

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Staroń, Jakub, Janusz M. Dąbrowski, Ewelina Cichoń, and Maciej Guzik. "Lactose esters: synthesis and biotechnological applications." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 38, no. 2 (2017): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2017.1332571.

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MATSUO, Keizo, Yoko HASUIKE, and Harumi KADO. "Synthesis of (-)-malyngolide from D-lactose." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 38, no. 10 (1990): 2847–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.2847.

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Cottrell, J. J., B. Stoll, R. K. Buddington, et al. "Glucagon-like peptide-2 protects against TPN-induced intestinal hexose malabsorption in enterally refed piglets." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 290, no. 2 (2006): G293—G300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2005.

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Premature infants receiving chronic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to feeding intolerance develop intestinal atrophy and reduced nutrient absorption. Although providing the intestinal trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) during chronic TPN improves intestinal growth and morphology, it is uncertain whether GLP-2 enhances absorptive function. We placed catheters in the carotid artery, jugular and portal veins, duodenum, and a portal vein flow probe in piglets before providing either enteral formula (ENT), TPN or a coinfusion of TPN plus GLP-2 for 6 days. On postoperative day 7,

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Mavromichalis, I., J. D. Hancock, R. H. Hines, B. W. Senne, and H. Cao. "Lactose, sucrose, and molasses in simple and complex diets for nursery pigs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 93, no. 3-4 (2001): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00287-5.

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Oksbjerg, Niels, Henry J⊘rgensen, Hans Peder Mortensen, José A. Fernández, and Arne Madsen. "The Feeding Value of Hydrolysed Permeate Lactose in Growing and Finishing Pigs." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 38, no. 2 (1988): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015128809438491.

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Gänzle, Michael G. "Enzymatic synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides and other lactose derivatives (hetero-oligosaccharides) from lactose." International Dairy Journal 22, no. 2 (2012): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.06.010.

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Sadovnikova, Anna, Sergio C. Garcia, and Russell C. Hovey. "A Comparative Review of the Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Genetics of Lactose Synthesis." Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 26, no. 2 (2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-021-09490-7.

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AbstractLactose is the primary carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals and is unique in that it is only synthesized by epithelial cells in the mammary glands. Lactose is also essential for the development and nutrition of infants. Across species, the concentration of lactose in milk holds a strong positive correlation with overall milk volume. Additionally, there is a range of examples where the onset of lactose synthesis as well as the content of lactose in milk varies between species and throughout a lactation. Despite this diversity, the precursors, genes, proteins and ions that regulate l

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Bock, Klaus, Susanne Refn, Christian Pedersen, Robert W. Taft, and G. W. Fischer. "Synthesis of 6'-(S)-Deuterium-labelled Lactose." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 41b (1987): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.41b-0469.

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Gur’eva, L. Yu, U. A. Budanova, and Yu L. Sebyakin. "Synthesis of neoglycolipids based on D-lactose." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 45, no. 2 (2009): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428009020031.

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Roussel, Fabien, Laurent Knerr, and Richard R. Schmidt. "Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lactose-Containing Oligosaccharides." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2001, no. 11 (2001): 2067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0690(200106)2001:11<2067::aid-ejoc2067>3.0.co;2-9.

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Dietrich, Hansjörg, and Richard R. Schmidt. "Synthesis of Carbon-BridgedC-Lactose and Derivatives." Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1994, no. 10 (1994): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199419941004.

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MATSUO, Keizo, and Yoko HASUIKE. "Synthesis of (-)-Frontalin Starting from D-Lactose." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 110, no. 8 (1990): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.110.8_555.

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46

Sadovnikova, Anna, Sergio C. Garcia, and Russell C. Hovey. "A Comparative Review of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Regulating Lactose Synthesis." Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 26, no. 2 (2021): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-021-09491-6.

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AbstractMilk is critical for the survival of all mammalian offspring, where its production by a mammary gland is also positively associated with its lactose concentration. A clearer understanding of the factors that regulate lactose synthesis stands to direct strategies for improving neonatal health while also highlighting opportunities to manipulate and improve milk production and composition. In this review we draw a cross-species comparison of the extra- and intramammary factors that regulate lactose synthesis, with a special focus on humans, dairy animals, and rodents. We outline the vario

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O'Connell, J. M., J. J. Callan, and J. V. O'Doherty. "The interaction between cereal type and lactose level on piglet performance and diet digestibility post weaning." Animal Science 81, no. 2 (2005): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc42030265.

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AbstractBoth barley and wheat contain anti-nutritive factors such as glucans and xylans respectively. However, β-glucans have been shown to promote lactic acid bacteria in the large intestine and this would be very beneficial in the absence of in-diet antimicrobial growth promoter. A 2 × 2 factorial was used to investigate the interaction between cereal type (wheatv. barley) and lactose inclusion (170v. 275 g/kg) on piglet performance post weaning. Two hundred and sixteen weaned piglets (24 days of age, 6·0 kg weight) were blocked on the basis of weight and were assigned to one of four dietary

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Dunmire, Kara M., Tryon A. Wickersham, Leslie L. Frenzel, et al. "Effects of adding liquid lactose or molasses to pelleted swine diets on pellet quality and pig performance." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 2 (2020): 616–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa039.

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Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of including liquid lactose (LL) and molasses (M) in swine diets on pellet quality and pig performance. In experiment 1, a total of 194 nursery pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 6.7 ± 0.4 kg at 27 d of age) were used in a 33-d experiment evaluating the effects of LL (SweetLac 63; Westway Feed Products, Tomball, TX) or cane molasses on nursery pig performance and pellet quality. Pelleted experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 21, and a common pelleted diet fed from d 21 to 33. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet containing

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Fessner, Wolf-Dieter, та Juan Manuel Juárez Ruiz. "Regiospecific synthesis of lactose analog Gal-(β 1,4)-Xyl by transgalactosylation". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, № 6 (2002): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-106.

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A short enzymatic synthesis of disaccharide 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose (1) has been developed, which is of interest as a lactose analog for a non-invasive medicinal determination of lactose intolerance. The starting material, benzyl α-D-xyloside, was obtained by a Fischer-type glycosidation of D-xylose with benzyl alcohol, followed by anomeric differentiation of mixed glycosides using a glycosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. From several commercial β-galactosidases, which were screened for their transgalactosylation capacity, the enzyme from Escherichia coli was found to catalyze a virtua

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Crowder, Stacie, Terry Weeden, Clayton Hankins, Terry Meyer, and Brenda DeRodas. "PSVII-12 The effect of feeding a LucraFit® nursery program without lactose on piglet performance." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.386.

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Abstract Four hundred forty weaned pigs, initial weight of 5.86 kg and 21 days of age, were used to evaluate the effect of feeding a LucraFit® nursery program on piglet performance. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of two treatments Control or LucraFit® with 12 replicates per treatment and 20 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a four-phase nursery feed budget of 1.13, 2.27, 5.44, and 20.64 kg/pig for phases 1–4, respectively. Control diets contained 18% lactose in phase 1 and 0% in phase 2, 3, and 4. LucraFit® diets contained 0% lactose and LucraFit® was added at 2.5, 2.5, 1.25% in phase 1, 2 and 3

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