Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lactosérum'
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Villaume, Véronique. "La concentration du lactosérum par évaporation." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P270.
Full textSaint-Sauveur, Diane. "Propriétés immunomodulantes des protéines et peptides du lactosérum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26519/26519.pdf.
Full textHarmant, Philippe. "Contrôle de la structure de dépôts de particules colloi͏̈dales en filtration frontale et tangentielle." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30245.
Full textGulzar, Muhammad. "Dry heating of whey proteins under controlled physiocochdemical conditions : structures, inteactions and functionalities." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARB220.
Full textDry heating is a pre-texturization process for food protein ingredients to improve their techno-functional properties (gelling, foaming, and emulsifying). The aim of this thesis was to identify the physicochemical characteristics of whey powders that modulate the structural changes of proteins during dry heating and the gelling properties of dry heated proteins. For this purpose, whey powders with various physicochemical characteristics in terms of pH, water activity, and composition (protein ratio, trace of calcium and lactose) were dry heated under different heat intensities (temperature/times). The water activity of the powder and dry heat intensity (temperature/times) accelerate the kinetic of denaturation/aggregation of whey proteins. Trace of lactose and pH also affect the structure of dry heated proteins. At pH 2. 5 the protein molecules were mainly linked together by intermolecular disulfide bonds, while at pH 6. 5, covalent cross-links other than disulfide bonds were also involved in formed aggregates. Depending upon its nature (free or fixed to proteins) and pH of powder, the lactose affects differently the denaturation/aggregation of whey proteins. In addition, non-native protein monomers having mass loss of 18 Da were also generated. Depending upon the quantity of soluble and insoluble aggregates of proteins, the gelling properties were changed. These results show the dominance of certain physicochemical characteristics of powder on protein structure modifications and their gelling properties, thus giving indications for improving the reproducibility of the functionality of dry heated protein ingredients at the industry
Trivino, Arevalo Angela. "Étude environnementale comparative des procédés de valorisation du lactosérum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27923.
Full textThe residue from cheese production is whey, which has a biological oxygen demand (BOD) of between 40,000 and 60,000 mg/L. However, according to the standards prescribed by the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and the Fight against Climate Change the effluent BOD cannot exceed 10 mg/L. The high content of lactose represents an important environmental burden which obliges them to be managed. The drying of whey, the valorization of its proteins or lactose, the production of methane constitute some alternatives of valorization’s pathways. To date, few studies have been done to evaluate the environmental impact of whey valorization. The objective of this project was to assess and compare the environmental impact of four whey management scenarios. The scenarios considered were: the production of skimmed whey; the production of whey powder; the production of methane and the production of diols. Data from cheese dairies in Québec concerning energy consumption and the quantity and nature of the raw materials used made it possible to determine the environmental impact of each evaluation procedure. According to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, the environmental impact was quantified on climate change (CC), ecosystem quality (QE), human health (SH) and resources (R). The results showed that the production of diols generates more environmental impact followed by the production of whey powder. The production of skimmed whey and methane results in a reduction of the impact on CC and R. The data obtained in this project could help to guide industrialists in their choice of processes for managing whey and permeate in a context of eco-efficiency.
Gernigon, Gwénolé. "Modélisation de la cinétique de cristallisation du lactose en solutions-modèles : - application à la transformation des lactosérums de mozzarella." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARB225.
Full textThis study deals with transformation problems of the coproducts of mozzarella cheese production, mainly whey. First, several sweet wheys including mozzarella wheys were analyzed and compared. This comparison revealed that mozzarella wheys are atypic sweet wheys, richer than the other in minerals and some other compounds (lactate, galactose, ammonia, among others). Then a step by step study was conducted, testing the behaviour of model solutions in concentration and lactose crystallization trials. Spray drying was also briefly approached. Concentration trials showed very few differences, which appeared only for high concentrations of additive (50%). Lactose crystallization, which is very important to avoid the formation of amorphous lactose during spray drying, was studied in model solutions, as well as in some industrial products. A kinetic model based on a moment approach has been developed in order to analyze finely the results. Fittings with this model were very satisfying. A statistical analysis of the results issued from these fittings allowed highlighting some key facts. In general, there is a strong link between lactose crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology. An hypothesis concerning crystal growth inhibition by whey proteins (action at the interface crystal/solution) has been formulated. The inhibition of nucleation by acids and the absence of any effect of galactose on lactose crystallization has also been clearly demonstrated. Spray drying approach, on the one hand by using SD2P software, on the other hand by spray drying trials on real solutions, showed greater difficulties in some cases but did not allow to draw any conclusion, the aforementioned cases having bad crystallization. Furter research is needed on this point. At the end of this study some suggestions are formulated to carry on with research on this subject
Michel, Agnès. "Production de protéines de levures à partir de lactosérum brut." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10709.
Full textThiers, Claudine. "Étude du fractionnement d'hydrolysats trypsiques de protéines du lactosérum par nanofiltration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44973.pdf.
Full textCastillo, Moreno Patricia. "Développement d'un procédé de production d'hydrogène photofermentaire à partir de lactosérum." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI029/document.
Full textHydrogen is a valuable gas use as a clean energy source and feedstock for some industries. Biological hydrogen production processes are gaining importance due to their operational conditions and versatility in the substrates (including wastewater). A hydrogen production photo fermentative methodology was developed using cheese whey as a substrate for the bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus strain IR3::LacZ and B10::LacZ . The project was carried out in three stages.The purpose of the first stage is to identify the relevant factors to produce hydrogen for a synthetic whey medium in a photofermentation process, using the Design of Experiments methodology. The products of this stage are four statistical models, obtained for each strain and buffer solution studied. The strain IR3::LacZ was selected for the experiments with industrial whey as substrate. The maximum volumetric yield and the product/substrate yield YP/S were 64 ml h-1L-1 and 2.08 mol H2 mol-1 C (C is the carbon source in this case lactose and lactate) and 43.01 ml h-1L-1 and 2.52 mol H2 mol-1 C for phosphate buffer and Kolthoff buffer, respectively.In the second stage the production of hydrogen with industrial whey was evaluated. A three-step pre-treatment was applied before using industrial cheese whey as substrate: fat reduction, deproteinization and sterilization. A validate statistical model describing hydrogen production was only obtained for phosphate buffer. The maximum volumetric yield and the product/substrate yield YP/S were 45.93 ml h-1L-1 and 2.29 mol H2 mol-1 C respectively. The addition of an homofermentation to the pretreatment improved the production yield, in this case a volumetric productivity of 69.71 ml h-1L-1 and a YP/S of 2.96 mol H2 mol-1 C were obtained.The third stage was the scale-up to 1.5 and 1 reactor L for synthetic whey and 1L for synthetic and industrial whey respectively. A fermentative process appeared due to a bacterial contamination, leading to a high biogas production. Biogas was exclusively composed of H2 and CO2 the last in a concentration not exceeding 30% (v/v). For this reason, it was concluded that the integrated production process coupling dark and photo fermentations) is an option with great potential for the use of whey as substrate in the production of hydrogen
Taddei, Christine. "Mécanismes influençant le transfert de matière lors de l'ultrafiltration de lactosérum." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30169.
Full textVilleneuve, William. "Effet du colmatage bactérien sur la performance de l'ultrafiltration du lactosérum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67794.
Full textWhey, the main co-product of cheese manufacturing, can be valorized through protein concentration by ultrafiltration (UF). The main drawback of UF is fouling, mainly by protein and calcium phosphate, which lowers the process performance. It has recently been acknowledged that membranes can also be fouled by bacterial cells and biofilms during whey UF. Numerous authors have demonstrated the presence of biofilms on membranes and investigated many parameters that can modulate the bacterial diversity of these biofilms. However, the impact of biofouling on the performance of whey UF is still unknown. The general objective of this study was therefore to quantify the loss of performance caused by bacterial cell deposition and biofilm formation during whey UF. The first objective demonstrated that bacterial cell deposition could increase the flux drop caused by whey protein fouling during dead-end UF, while it had minor effects on mineral fouling. Partial neutralization of bacterial cells and protein electrostatic charges may have reduced repulsions led to the formation of a more compact cake. The results of the second objective confirmed, during crossflow UF of sweet whey, that biofouling from the intrinsic microflora of the filtration system could lower permeation fluxes after 18 h of filtration. Biofouling also increased membrane hydraulic resistances, allowing the calculation of biofouling-specific resistances (Rbio), which accounted for 31 to 44% of the total fouling layer resistances. These results demonstrate that biofouling can negatively affect the performance of whey processing by UF and highlight the need for solutions to mitigate biofouling.
Sarem, Farzine. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la culture en masse de cellules eucaryotes à partir de deux modèles : les hybridomes et les fibroblastes." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10468.
Full textBordenave-Juchereau, Stéphanie. "Hydrolyse de l'alpha-lactalbumine caprine en réacteur à l'ultrafiltration : génération et caractérisation de peptides issus de l'hydrolyse pepsique." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS036.
Full textAbidi, Nabil. "Valorisation du lactose et du lactosérum en acide succinique par fermentation bactérienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26699/26699.pdf.
Full textQueric-Mouchel, Marie-Pierre. "Enrichissement du lactosérum en L-Lysine par voie microbiologique : recherche d'un procédé." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI222.
Full textThe recovery of protein by ultrafiltration is one of the most developed processes for the valorisation of whey. UF leads to the production of a new by-product : the permeate. The objective of this study is to use whey permeate as a substrate for microbiological production of L-lysine. The lysine enriched broth is then to be concentrated and dried to be used as feed. In the first part, a type of whey was chosen that supported highest lysine production by a Corynebacterium sp. Then, the environmental cultivation conditions were defined and a fermentation system was chosen. Under the above defined conditions, the objective of 15-20 % L-lysine in dry matter was not attained. The process was tried to be improved by using other hyperproductive strains, by a sequential yeast cultivation to consume the non assimilated lactose and galactose and by using acetate or glucose as co-substrate. 7 to 9 % L-lysine in dry matter was obtained by fed-batch cultivation of a catalytic hydrolized whey permeate, under optimal conditions (pH 7. 2 ; 34 °C, optimized medium). The use of other L-lysine producing strains did not improved this yield. Yeast cultivation allowed increasing yield to 13-16%. Using glucose as co-substrate allowed final L-lysine concentrations up to 25 %. The economic viability of this research is yet to be determined
Emond, Charles. "Développement de particules de lactosérum aux propriétés contrôlées par injection de vapeur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25330.
Full textCheese yield has always been a major concern for industrial cheese makers. By valorising whey, the main coproduct of the cheese making process, cheese makers can achieve a higher yield and a lower waste output. However, these operations could be optimized. By studying a direct steam injection (DSI) process, this project aimed to optimize the transformation of whey protein concentrates into a dairy ingredient oriented towards the increase in cheese yields. Since DSI has not been used before in this particular context, the process was modelled to describe its yield and predict the functional properties of the aggregates produced. The models created allowed the description of denaturation and aggregation mechanisms that had not been observed before. They have also allowed identifying temperature and pH as the best parameters of the process to achieve the ideal functional properties for cheese reincorporation.
Bergeron, Girard Jean Michel. "Utilisation du lactosérum dans un procédé de culture de microalgues mixotrophes pour la production de biodiesel." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5922.
Full textStreicher, Christian. "Etude d'industrialisation d'un lit fluidisé appliqué à la digestion anaérobie du lactoserum dilué." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0027.
Full textRullier, Bénédicte. "Rôle des agrégats de protéines dans la formation et la stabilisation de mousses." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2095.
Full textThe foam formation depends on the nature of the protein and on their capacity to stabilize the air/water interfaces. During food processes, proteins undergo thermomechanical treatments leading to their aggregation in self-assembled structures. However, only a given fraction of the proteins is aggregated and this part may be considerably influence the foaming properties. This thesis aims at considering the aggregation part in the foam formation and stabilization at the different foam scales (air/water interface and foam film). Protein aggregates with different sizes were obtained by heat-induced denaturation of b-lactoglobulin, major whey protein for which the aggregation is well-known. Whatever the aggregate size, solutions containing exclusively protein aggregates lead to less stable foams than that of non aggregated proteins alone, due to the low capacity of aggregates to adsorb at the air/water interfaces. With non aggregated proteins, aggregates are able to improve the foaming properties. The viscoelasticity of the interfacial adsorbed layers is reinforced and a gel-like network is formed within the foam film, rigidifying the interface and slowing down the foam drainage. In the case of the gel-like network cannot be formed, protein aggregates can locate in the Plateau borders, slowing down the flow in the foam
Derouiche, Abdel Fettah. "Mise au point de milieux, à partir de lactosérum, pour la culture d'hybridomes : étude préalable du métabolisme cellulaire en vue de l'optimisation de la production d'anticorps monoclonaux." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10090.
Full textGirard, Maude. "Étude des propriétés émulsifiantes d'un complexe de protéines de lactosérum et de carboxyméthylcellulose." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ48927.pdf.
Full textDemers, Mathieu Véronique. "Activité antimicrobienne d'un extrait peptidique issus d'un hydrolysat trypsique de protéines de lactosérum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28671/28671.pdf.
Full textCloss, Brigitte. "Influence de la stucture sur les propriétés de surface des protéines du lactosérum." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS034.
Full textIung, Catherine. "Les propriétés fonctionnelles des protéines du lactosérum : Étude modélisée avec la beta -lactoglobuline." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10152.
Full textAch, Delphine. "Microencapsulation par coacervation complexe des protéines du lactosérum et de la gomme d’acacia." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10186/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of linseed oil microencapsulation by complex coacervation of whey proteins and acacia gum. It focuses on the coacervation of whey proteins and acacia gum in aqueous medium as well as the mechanisms involved in the formation of microcapsules by complex coacervation. Complex coacervation is an associative phase separation phenomenon induced by electrostatic interactions between two polymers. The most widely used pair of polymers in complex coacervation is the system gelatin / acacia gum. However, the use of gelatin is a matter of controversy for food applications. An interesting alternative to gelatin consists of whey proteins and their major component, beta-lactoglobulin. An investigation of the composition of the coacervate system whey protein / acacia gum was carried out during this work. Capillary gel electrophoresis was used to quantify beta-lactoglobulin and alphalactalbumin in the coacervate. The influence of protein / polysaccharide ratio and pH on the composition of the coacervate was studied. Although the encapsulation process by complex coacervation has been known for many years, the mechanisms leading to the formation of microcapsules are not so much described. The encapsulation process by complex coacervation leading to the formation of microcapsules includes several stages that were examined. The emulsification step takes place in the intermediate flow regime. The modeling in turbulent regime accounted for experimental results and might be used for scaling-up the process. In situ monitoring of the encapsulation process by complex coacervation was performed for the first time in this study. It was carried out using a video probe immersed in a stirred reactor. This technique identified four successive steps induced by lowering the pH: the emulsification of the oil, the formation of the coacervate, the adsorption of the coacervate on the oil droplets, the formation of an encapsulation shell. The influence of physico-chemical parameters (protein / polysaccharide ratio and total concentration of biopolymers) and parameters related to the coacervation step on the formation of microcapsules were also studied by using the video probe
Morabito, Daniel. "Production d'acide lactique par Lactobacillus casei sur lactoserum : études cinétiques, modélisation et simulation de procédé intégré." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_MORABITO_D.pdf.
Full textMahmoudi, Najet. "Impact de la structure sur les propriétés interfaciales d'agrégats de protéines globulaires du lactosérum." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2102.
Full textWhey proteins are widely used in the food industry for their emulsifying and foaming properties. The thermo-mechanical treatment during processing leads to aggregate formation whose role in the stabilization of dispersed systems is still poorly understood. In the present work, whey protein isolates have been subjected to thermal treatments, with or without shearing, in order to generate different types of aggregates. We have shown by light scattering and small angle neutron scattering as well as by cryo-transmission electron microscopy that aggregates formed without mechanical treatment have a fractal structure. The size and the fractal dimension of these aggregates depend on the ionic force and the protein concentration for neutral pH. Under shear, spherical structures of nanometric size have been observed. With dynamic drop tensiometry, Langmuir film balance studies and AFM the air-water interfacial layers have been characterized for the different aggregates types. It could be shown that the tension and dilatational elasticity properties depend on the presence of isolated proteins as well as on the size of the objects and their internal cohesion
Rusu, Daniel. "Mécanismes d'action d'un extrait protéique du lactosérum bovin sur les fonctions du neutrophile humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26585/26585.pdf.
Full textRodriguez-Serrano, Gabriela. "Micro et ultrafiltration de jus de fruits et de lactosérum hydrolysé par voie enzymatique." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20230.
Full textImbeault, Nathalie. "Production d'acides gras par biodégradation anaérobie du perméat de lactosérum dans un bioréacteur en continu." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25791.pdf.
Full textCarrère, Hélène. "Extraction des protéines du lactosérum par chromatographie d'échange d'ions en lit fluidisé. Modélisation et optimisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT019G.
Full textForkwa, Germaine Enyoh. "Boissons fermentées de type yogourt à boire enrichies en protéines de lactosérum et en probiotiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27736.
Full textThe aim of this project was to develop new fermented milk beverages from whey protein concentrates with attractive sensory properties. Other desired characteristics for these beverages were high protein concentration, high probiotic content and no use of additives (sugar, polysaccharides, colorants, artificial flavors). These drinks would have potential benefits on cardiovascular health, body weight and the well-being of consumers. Beverages containing 10% whey protein were obtained by fermenting whey protein concentrates (WPC) and/or whey protein isolates (WPI). Ten WPCs and two WPIs were evaluated for their ability to allow lactic fermentation by 2 types of mesophilic starter cultures. The medium with the best fermentation kinetics and the best organoleptic properties was selected. The impact of 7 thermophilic starter and 2 probiotic cultures on cell concentration and stability, post acidification and organoleptic properties was studied. The fermentations were adapted to generate products with at least 1 to 10 billion probiotics per serving. This project allowed the development of fermented beverages (drinking yogurt type) with 10% whey proteins and 2 billion probiotic bacteria per mL, exclusively from whey derivatives. Each 100 mL serving contained 200 billion probiotics and would be considered as a product with the highest probiotics counts on the Quebec market. These results could lead to the marketing of new products with high growth potential that respond to several market trends in the health food sector.
Dagot, Christophe. "Modélisation de la digestion anaérobie de substrats solubles : application à la méthanisation du lactose." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10026.
Full textRabearison, Andriamalala Claude. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre l'acier inoxydable Z2CN18-10 ou le nickel et certains constituants du lait (lactoserum ou caseinate de sodium) : mise en évidence et évolution de films adsorbés à la surface des matériaux." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT033G.
Full textGaschina, Winfried. "Fractionnement de mélanges de macromolécules par diafiltration : exemple d'application aux protéi͏̈nes du lactoserum." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30057.
Full textDidelot, Sandrine. "Obtention d'hydrolysats inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine par fermentation de lactosérum caprin : caractérisation de peptides d'intérêt biologique." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS152.
Full textEnzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins (α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin) permits the release of numerous bioactives peptides (antihypertensive, antibacterial, antitumoral…). In this study, six hydrolysates with antihypertensive activity were obtained after whey fermentation by 25 cheese microflora. The hydrolysate showing the most important activity was obtained after whey fermentation by a co-culture of Lactobacillus paracasei and Candida parapsilosis, both isolated from “Comté” cheese. During fermentation, C. Parapsilosis excrete at least one protease responsible of α-la hydrolysis, which is activated during medium acidification by L. Paracasei growth. A potential antihypertensive peptide characterised as WLAHK was identified in this hydrolysate. This peptide exhibit an IC50 value of 8 µM. During in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, WLAHK was digested into two peptides P1 and P2 after chymotrypsin digestion. While WLAHK exhibit an ACE inhibitory activity of 35% for 4µg/ml of peptide tested, no activity was detected for the same quantity of peptides P1 and P2 tested
Leclerc, Pierre-Louis. "Élaboration de nanoparticules de protéines de lactosérum comme système d'administration de quercétine en système gastro-intestinal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28400/28400.pdf.
Full textPerreault, Véronique. "Contribution à la compréhension de la fonctionnalité des protéines du lactosérum dénaturées dans la matrice fromagère." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27782.
Full textLa transformation du lactosérum de fromagerie en concentré de protéines du lactosérum dénaturées (CPLD), pour recyclage dans une production fromagère subséquente, est maintenant pratique courante dans l’industrie à grande échelle au Canada. Bien que les CPLD puissent être utilisés comme ingrédients de remplacement de la matière grasse, vu les coûts élevés de la protéine laitière dans le contexte canadien, l’emploi de CPLD vise parfois plutôt à substituer en partie la caséine du lait dans le fromage. Le CPLD ayant servi à réaliser le présent projet représente un CPLD conçu en milieu industriel dans cette optique. De façon générale, l’introduction de CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie est associée à une rétention d’eau accrue dans le fromage et à des changements de texture, mais les mécanismes responsables de ces phénomènes demeurent à clarifier. Cette thèse avait pour but d’étudier et expliquer les conséquences de l’addition de CPLD au lait de fromagerie sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des gels présure et mécaniques du fromage. Une première étude a permis d’évaluer l’effet combiné des niveaux de CPLD et de gras dans le lait de fromagerie sur ses propriétés de coagulation par la présure et la capacité de contraction du gel. L’augmentation du niveau de substitution des protéines du lait par des protéines du CPLD a résulté en une diminution du taux de coagulation et de la rigidité du gel (module d’élasticité - G), ainsi qu’en une diminution de la capacité de contraction du gel. Un effet direct du CPLD sur ces propriétés, au-delà d’un effet attribué à la dilution des caséines, a été mis en évidence. En outre, cette étude a permis de confronter l’effet des agrégats de protéines du lactosérum dénaturées, considérés comme éléments de remplissage des gels, à l’effet d’un autre type d’éléments de remplissage soient les gouttelettes de gras : à fractions volumiques équivalentes, les résultats ont montré des impacts distincts sur les propriétés mécaniques des gels. Une seconde étude a permis d’évaluer l’effet des différentes fractions du CPLD sur les propriétés de coagulation du lait par la présure et la capacité de contraction du gel. Le CPLD a été fractionné par centrifugation et dialyse en trois composantes : agrégats sédimentables, composante non sédimentable et composante diffusible. La composante diffusible (minéraux solubles) n'a pas affecté les paramètres de coagulation et de contraction. Les agrégats sédimentables de même que la composante non sédimentable ont influencé négativement les propriétés de coagulation ainsi que la capacité de contraction du gel. Les résultats ont notamment suggéré que des complexes protéiques solubles (non sédimentables et non diffusibles) retrouvés dans le CPLD puissent interagir avec les micelles de caséine emprésurées et limiter la formation et la contraction du gel. Une troisième étude a permis d’évaluer l'effet du CPLD et de ses fractions sur la composition et les propriétés mécaniques du fromage. La centrifugation a été utilisée pour induire un gradient d'humidité dans le fromage, afin d’isoler la contribution directe du CPLD et de ses fractions aux propriétés mécaniques du fromage. Le rendement et la teneur en humidité du fromage ont augmenté et la rigidité du fromage (module complexe - G*) a diminué avec l’augmentation du niveau de substitution des protéines du lait par des protéines du CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie. Cependant, pour des fromages ayant une même teneur en humidité, l’augmentation du niveau de CPLD n'a pas eu d'effet direct sur les paramètres rhéologiques. Les agrégats sédimentables ont été principalement responsables de l'augmentation du rendement fromager avec l’utilisation de CPLD. Dans l'ensemble, la teneur en humidité a expliqué en grande partie la variation des propriétés rhéologiques du fromage en fonction de la fraction de CPLD. Toutefois, en éliminant l'effet de l'humidité, l'addition des agrégats sédimentables du CPLD a conduit à une augmentation de la rigidité du fromage. Par la mise en évidence de l’effet distinct de chacune des fractions du CPLD, au cours de la transformation du lait en fromage, ces travaux ont conduit à l’identification de mécanismes d’action expliquant l’impact de l’introduction de CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie sur les propriétés des gels présure et du fromage : des connaissances en appui au développement de CPLD de haute performance en fromagerie et à l’amélioration de la qualité du fromage enrichi de CPLD.
Transformation of cheese whey into denatured whey protein concentrate (DWPC) for recycling into a subsequent cheese production is now common practice in large-scale industry in Canada. Although DWPC can be used as a fat replacer, considering the high cost of dairy protein in the Canadian context, DWPC is sometimes used as a substitute for milk casein in cheese. The DWPC used to carry out this project consists in a DWPC designed for this purpose in an industrial context. The introduction of DWPC into cheese milk is generally associated with increased water retention in cheese and changes in texture, but the mechanisms responsible for these phenomena remain to be clarified. This thesis was aimed at studying and explaining the consequences of the addition of DWPC to cheese milk on the physicochemical properties of rennet gels and mechanical properties of cheese. A first study evaluated the combined effect of DWPC and fat concentrations in milk on the rennet-induced coagulation properties and gel contraction capacity. The increase in the substitution level of DWPC proteins for milk proteins in cheese milk resulted in a decrease in coagulation rate and gel rigidity (elastic modulus - G), as well as a decrease in gel contraction capacity. A direct effect of the DWPC on these properties was demonstrated beyond an effect attributed to casein dilution. Moreover, this study allowed to compare the effect of denatured whey protein aggregates to that of fat globules, while both elements are considered to be fillers in rennet gels. For equivalent volume fractions, the results clearly showed different impacts of these fillers on gel mechanical properties. A second study evaluated the effect of different fractions from the DWPC on the rennet-induced coagulation properties and gel contraction capacity. The DWPC was fractionated by centrifugation and dialysis into three components: sedimentable aggregates, non-sedimentable component and diffusible component. The diffusible component (soluble minerals) did not affect coagulation and contraction parameters. The sedimentable aggregates and the non-sedimentable component both negatively influenced the coagulation properties as well as gel contraction capacity. The results suggested that beyond the effect of sedimentable whey protein aggregates, soluble proteinaceous complexes (non-sedimentable and non-diffusible) found in the DWPC could interact with the renneted casein micelles and limit gel formation and contraction. A third study evaluated the effect of DWPC and its fractions on the composition and mechanical properties of cheese. Centrifugation was used to induce a moisture gradient in the cheese to isolate the direct contribution of the DWPC and its fractions to the mechanical properties of cheese. Cheese yield and moisture content increased and cheese rigidity (complex modulus - G*) decreased when the DWPC was substituted for milk proteins in milk. However, for cheeses with the same moisture content, the substitution of DWPC proteins for milk proteins had no direct effect on rheological parameters. The sedimentable aggregates were primarily responsible for the increase in cheese yield with the use of DWPC. Overall, moisture content explained to a large extent the variation in cheese rheological properties depending on the DWPC fraction. However, when the effect of moisture was removed, the addition of the DWPC sedimentable aggregates to milk led to an increase in cheese rigidity. By demonstrating the distinct effect of each of the DWPC fractions during the processing of milk into cheese, this work led to the identification of mechanisms that explain the impact of introducing DWPC in cheese milk on the properties of rennet gels and cheese. These knowledges could support the development of high-performance ingredients that increase whey proteins recovery in cheese and could help to improve the quality of DWPC-fortified cheese.
Audebert, Alexia. "Stabilisation et texturation de mousses liquides par des protéines de lactosérum chauffées à l'état de poudre." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARB317/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to identify the conditions and mechanisms of the creation or improvement of the stability and rheology of whey proteins foams. To this aim, we studied the interfacial rheology of protein layers adsorbed at the air/water interface, the liquid films dynamics after a topological rearrangement, the stability and rheology of whey protein foams. Both a mixture of whey proteins and purified ß-lactoglobulin, used as a model protein, were studied. To study the relationships with protein structure, proteins were modified by dry-heating of whey protein powders. A wide variety of structural changes was obtained by varying simultaneously multiple dry-heating parameters.Interestingly, low-extent structural modifications have a dramatic impact on interfacial rheology, liquid film dynamics, foam stability and foam rheology. The effects of dry-heating parameters on the foam properties are complex and depend on their combination and the considered foam feature. Our original multiscale approach (interface, film dynamics and foam) sheds light on the contribution of the interfacial rheology to protein foam properties. In particular, foam dynamics have been shown to play a predominant role
Kallel-Mhiri, Héla. "Études cinétiques et physiologiques de la production de biomasse et de molécules aromatiques par kluyveromyces fragilis cultivée sur perméat de lactosérum." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL059N.
Full textBramaud, Catherine. "Optimisation d'un procédé de fractionnement des protéines du lactosérum incluant une précipitation sélective et une séparation par centrifugation ou par membrane." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30236.
Full textRolland, Martin. "Mise au point d'un hydrolysat enzymatique de protéines de lactosérum pour la fortification protéique d'un jus d'orange." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44951.pdf.
Full textRoufik, Samira. "Les concentrés protéiques du lactosérum, étude comparative de la composition globale, séparation et caractérisation des fractions protéiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57886.pdf.
Full textFerrero, Francis. "La qualité physicochimique du lactosérum réceptionné à l'usine de transformation et ses répercussions sur les technologies avales." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10431.
Full textAlkhalaf, Walid. "Utilisation de liposomes comme vecteurs de protéases pour l'accélération de l'affinage du fromage : comparaison avec l'addition de protéases libres." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD167.
Full textThe possibility of accelerated cheese ripening through addition of proteinases (Rulactine or Neutrase) to cheese milk promoted early protoleolysis that would reduce yield, a modification of texture of the curd, accumulate bitter peptides and a considerable amount of the enzyme added to the milk was lost to the whey. The accelerated cheese ripening through addition of liposome entrapped proteinase to milk was investigated. Both enzyme encapsulation rate in liposomes and their retention in cheese were evaluated with multilamellar vesicles (MLV), small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and reverse-phase evaporation (REV). Using REV in Saint-Paulin type curd, no nitrogen loss was observed to the whey due to the added enzyme in liposomes. In cheese, REV produced a more progressive protreolysis during ripening than MLV did. REV addition did not lead to texture defects. Bitterness development, a critical defect in enzyme added cheese, could be delayed and minimized using REV
Gaaloul, Sami. "Étude de la gélification et de l'incompatibilité thermodynamique de mélanges de protéines de lactosérum/kappa-carraghénane sous cisaillement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26067/26067.pdf.
Full textBertrand, Marie-Ève. "Étude des propriétés gélifiantes et viscosifiantes de systèmes mixtes isolat de protéines de lactosérum-polysaccharides en conditions associatives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25166/25166.pdf.
Full textProtein polysaccharide interactions depend on both environmental conditions and intrinsic properties. Results are co-solubility, complexation and incompatibility. Complexation and incompatibility have demonstrated improvement of functional properties of mixed systems compared to those of the individual components. Incompatibility being the rule, the aim of this study is to widen knowledge on functional properties of mixed protein-polysaccharide systems in presence of compatibility or associative interactions and to characterise the new emerging functional properties. A first mixed system of whey protein isolate-xanthan has been studied for its gelling abilities following pH and protein-polysaccharide ratio variations. Following application of a thermal treatment, the solution passed from compatible to incompatible. Gelation was demonstrated by an increase in elastic modulus (G’) due to incompatibility as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Addition of NaCl increased this incompatibility and made it excessive at a certain critical concentration leading to loss in G’. Compatibility has then been studied on a whey protein isolate-pectin system. Varying pH, biopolymer total concentration and protein-polysaccharide ratio allowed soluble complex formation which was confirmed with the measurement of absorbance and the number of charge. This compatibility led to a decrease in viscosity in diluted solution due to soluble complex formation while in concentrated solution, complexation rather increased it. A model system of firm yogurt was finally studied following incorporation of whey protein isolate and pectin first complexed and stabilised. Protein and total solid concentrations were kept constant. Milky solutions were acidified with glucono-delta-lactone. Results demonstrate that incorporation of complexes at different concentrations hampers the formation of a homogenous protein network provoking a decrease in gel stiffness and an increase in syneresis. Microscopic observations supported these conclusions. Mixed solutions prepared by carefully condunting complex formation allow the design of new functional properties. However, a better knowledge of these mixes is necessary in order to achieve varied and precise functional properties in food formulation.
Rocafi, Adil. "Optimisation de la précipitation des facteurs de croissance à partir de lactosérum natif obtenu par acidification du lait." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25701/25701.pdf.
Full textCalco, Michel. "Contribution à la valorisation des lactosérums industriels à l'aide des techniques de séparation par membranes." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0287_CALCO.pdf.
Full textMacedo-Espinosa, Maria Guadalupe. "Étude de la production d'exopolysaccharides par Lactobacillus rhamnosus RW-9595M dans un milieu à base de perméat de lactosérum." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66324.pdf.
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