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Journal articles on the topic 'Lacunar infarction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Feng, Chao, Yu Xu, Ting Hua, Xue-Yuan Liu, and Min Fang. "Irregularly shaped lacunar infarction: risk factors and clinical significance." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71, no. 10 (October 2013): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130119.

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Objective Our study focused on acute lacunar infarct shapes to explore the risk factors and clinical significance of irregularly shaped lacunar infarctions. Methods Based on the shape of their acute lacunar infarct, patients (n=204) were classified into the “regular” group or “irregular” group. The characteristics of the lacunar infarction were compared between the regular and irregular groups, between patients with and without neurological deterioration, and between patients with different modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores. The risk factors for irregularly shaped lacunar infarctions, neurological deterioration, and high mRS scores were identified. Results Blood pressure variability (BPV) was an independent risk factor for irregularly shaped lacunar infarction. Infarction size, prevalence of advanced leukoaraiosis, and irregularly shaped lacunar infarcts were independent risk factors for higher mRS scores. Conclusions The irregularly shaped lacunar infarcts were correlated with BPV. Irregularly shaped lacunar infarctions and leukoaraiosis may be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes.

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2

Futrell, Nancy. "Lacunar Infarction." Stroke 35, no. 7 (July 2004): 1778–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000131930.41057.48.

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Norrving, Bo. "Lacunar Infarction." Stroke 35, no. 7 (July 2004): 1779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000131931.84333.c0.

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4

Lammie, G. A., F. Brannan, and J. M. Wardlaw. "Incomplete lacunar infarction (Type I b lacunes)." Acta Neuropathologica 96, no. 2 (August 3, 1998): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050877.

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5

Kondo, Takeshi, and Kazuhiko Terada. "Strategic lacunar infarction." Medical Journal of Australia 206, no. 8 (May 2017): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja16.01323.

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6

Horowitz, D. R., S. Tuhrim, J. M. Weinberger, and S. H. Rudolph. "Mechanisms in lacunar infarction." Stroke 23, no. 3 (March 1992): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.3.325.

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7

Petty, George W., Douglas R. Labar, Bruce J. Fisch, Timothy A. Pedley, J. P. Mohr, and Alexander Khandji. "Electroencephalography in lacunar infarction." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 134, no. 1-2 (December 1995): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(95)00198-5.

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8

Potter, Gillian M., Fergus N. Doubal, Caroline A. Jackson, Francesca M. Chappell, Cathie L. Sudlow, Martin S. Dennis, and Joanna M. Wardlaw. "Counting Cavitating Lacunes Underestimates the Burden of Lacunar Infarction." Stroke 41, no. 2 (February 2010): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.109.566307.

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9

Oishi, Minoru, Yoko Mochizuki, and Toshiaki Takasu. "Blood Flow Differences Between Leuko-araiosis with and without Lacunar Infarction." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 25, no. 1 (February 1998): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100033527.

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ABSTRACT:Background:The present study was designed to find the differences in regional cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity between leuko-araiosis with and without lacunar infarction.Methods:Fifteen cases of leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction, 15 cases of leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction and 15 age-matched controls in which leuko-araiosis and cerebrovascular diseases are absent (control group) were studied. The regional cerebral blood flow was measured using the stable xenon computed tomography method before and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 17 mg/kg acetazolamide.Results:The blood flows in the leuko-araiosis area and the lacunar area were significantly lower than the blood flow in the cerebral white matter. The blood flows in the cerebral cortex and the cerebral white matter were significantly lower in the leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction group than in the leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction group and the control group. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity in the leuko-araiosis area and the lacunar area was significantly lower than that in the cerebral white matter. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity in the cerebral cortex and the cerebral white matter was significantly lower in the leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction group than in the leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction group and the control group.Conclusions:The degree of arteriolosclerosis is considered to be more severe and the rate of association of hypertension was higher in leuko-araiosis with lacunar infarction than in leuko-araiosis without lacunar infarction.

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10

Koch, S., M. S. McClendon, and R. Bhatia. "Imaging evolution of acute lacunar infarction: Leukoariosis or lacune?" Neurology 77, no. 11 (August 31, 2011): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31822e1470.

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11

Lodder, Jan. "Size Criterion for Lacunar Infarction." Cerebrovascular Diseases 24, no. 1 (2007): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000103624.

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12

Loeb, C., C. Gandolfo, R. Croce, and M. Conti. "Dementia associated with lacunar infarction." Stroke 23, no. 9 (September 1992): 1225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.9.1225.

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13

Terai, Satoshi, Tomohiko Hori, Shunji Miake, Kinya Tamaki, and Akiko Saishoji. "Mechanism in Progressive Lacunar Infarction." Archives of Neurology 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.57.2.255.

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14

Kim, Jin-Seok, Hak-Seung Lee, Hyun-Young Park, Soo-Seong Kim, Hyun-Goo Kang, Nam-Ho Kim, Jong-Seong Park, and Yosik Kim. "Endothelial Function in Lacunar Infarction: A Comparison of Lacunar Infarction, Cerebral Atherosclerosis and Control Group." Cerebrovascular Diseases 28, no. 2 (2009): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000226115.

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15

Devantoro, Mohammad Ridho, Wilson Saputra Wijaya, Muhammad Iqbal Arigi Putra, and Raden Yogaswara. "Lacunar Infarction In Old Stroke: A Case Report." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 9, no. 04 (April 12, 2022): 6036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v9i04.01.

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Introduction: Lacunar stroke accounts for nearly a quarter of all ischemic strokes and is an important cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Case Presentation: A 52-year-old man with lacunar infarct presented with weakness in his left thumb and forefinger since one day ago when he was sitting down. The patient’s fingers appear bent as if holding a pencil and could not be straightened. Physical examination showed an high blood pressure, and paresis of the right facial and hypoglossal nerve. A non-contrast CT scan of head using the parenchymal window showed a hypodense lesion on the left pons, interpreted as a lacunar infarct. Discussion: Lacunar strokes represent approximately 25% of ischemic strokes and most are associated with good outcomes. However, in 20% to 30% of patients with lacunar stroke, early neurologic damage occurs within the first days after stroke onset. Lacunar stroke was defined as acute lacunar syndrome with infarction <15 mm in diameter in the basal ganglia, deep white matter, thalamus or pons that is not associated with large vessel atherosclerosis or a cardioembolic source. Conclusion: Lacunar infarction is a potentially reversible. These conditions can potentially be well managed with adequate treatment.

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Prokopiv, M. M. "Clinical and neuroimaging analysis of carotid infarction in the acute ischemic stroke." INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL 17, no. 5 (October 13, 2021): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0713.17.5.2021.238521.

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Background. The assessment of clinical manifestations in patients with acute pre-circular infarction is important for verification of the lesion, the choice of the treatment program, prediction of the stroke consequences. The purpose is to investigate the clinical, neurological, and neuroimaging features of lacunar and non-lacunar carotid infarctions in acute ischemic stroke and to assess their short-term consequences. Materials and methods. There was performed a clinical and radiological analysis of carotid infarction in 540 patients with acute ischemic stroke, which were divided into two groups: 155 patients were verified for infarcts in the cortex and white matter of the brain in the vasculature of the anterior and middle cerebral artery; in 385 patients, infarct foci were found in the area of the deep hemispheres of the brain (subcortical-capsular infarcts). Results. Clinical neuroimaging analysis of patients with ischemic stroke in the vasculature of the cortical branches of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries of the anterior circulatory basin showed that acute cerebral circulatory disorders caused the development of small cortical infarctions in 89 (57.4 %) patients and 65 (41 %) — lacunar infarction, in one patient (0.7 %) with occlusion of the proximal anterior cerebral artery — total infarction. The neurological clinical picture of infarcts of varying localization, which was determined by the location and size of the lesion, was described. Conclusions. The obtained results showed that the consequences of anterior circular infarctions depended on the localization of the lesion of the arterial area, the caliber of the infarction of the dependent artery, the size of the infarct locus. For the most part, these factors determined the background severity of neurological deficit after the development of acute ischemic stroke.

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17

Förster, Alex, Bettina Mürle, Johannes Böhme, Mansour Al-Zghloul, Hans U. Kerl, Holger Wenz, and Christoph Groden. "Perfusion-weighted imaging and dynamic 4D angiograms for the estimation of collateral blood flow in lacunar infarction." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 10 (July 22, 2016): 1744–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15606458.

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Although lacunar infarction accounts for approximately 25% of ischemic strokes, collateral blood flow through anastomoses is not well evaluated in lacunar infarction. In 111 lacunar infarction patients, we analyzed diffusion-weighted images, perfusion-weighted images, and blood flow on dynamic four-dimensional angiograms generated by use of Signal Processing In NMR-Software. Blood flow was classified as absent (type 1), from periphery to center (type 2), from center to periphery (type 3), and combination of type 2 and 3 (type 4). On diffusion-weighted images, lacunar infarction was found in the basal ganglia (11.7%), internal capsule (24.3%), corona radiata (30.6%), thalamus (24.3%), and brainstem (9.0%). In 58 (52.2%) patients, perfusion-weighted image showed a circumscribed hypoperfusion, in one (0.9%) a circumscribed hyperperfusion, whereas the remainder was normal. In 36 (62.1%) patients, a larger perfusion deficit (>7 mm) was observed. In these, blood flow was classified type 1 in four (11.1%), 2 in 17 (47.2%), 3 in 9 (25.0%), and 4 in six (16.7%) patients. Patients with lacunar infarction in the posterior circulation more often demonstrated blood flow type 2 and less often type 3 (p = 0.01). Detailed examination and graduation of blood flow in lacunar infarction by use of dynamic four-dimensional angiograms is feasible and may serve for a better characterization of this stroke subtype.

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18

Nakamura, K., Y. Saku, S. Ibayashi, and M. Fujishima. "Progressive motor deficits in lacunar infarction." Neurology 52, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.52.1.29.

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19

You, R., J. J. McNeil, H. M. O'Malley, S. M. Davis, and G. A. Donnan. "Risk factors for lacunar infarction syndromes." Neurology 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.8.1483.

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20

Labovitz, Daniel L. "Keeping an Eye on Lacunar Infarction." Stroke 41, no. 7 (July 2010): 1314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.585109.

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21

Ferri, C., N. Pitaro, D. Giuggioli, A. Martini, E. Carabelli, C. Giraldi, and A. Muratorio. "Nailfold capillary microscopy in lacunar infarction." Stroke 25, no. 2 (February 1994): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.25.2.525.

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22

Gelb, Douglas. "Lacunar infarction due to carotid stenosis." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 3, no. 3 (January 1993): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-3057(10)80156-9.

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23

Norrving, Bo. "Long-term prognosis after lacunar infarction." Lancet Neurology 2, no. 4 (April 2003): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00352-1.

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24

Grau-Olivares, Marta, Adrià Arboix, David Bartrés-Faz, and Carme Junqué. "Neuropsychological abnormalities associated with lacunar infarction." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 257, no. 1-2 (June 2007): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.022.

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25

Lim, Tae Sung, Ji Man Hong, Jin Soo Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Jun Young Choi, and Kyoon Huh. "Induced-hypertension in progressing lacunar infarction." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 308, no. 1-2 (September 2011): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.06.009.

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26

EMORI, Tetsuro, Yoshihiro KURIYAMA, Satoshi IMAKITA, and Tohru SAWADA. "Ataxic Hemiparesis Following Thalamic Lacunar Infarction." Internal Medicine 31, no. 7 (1992): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.31.889.

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27

Pantoni, Leonardo. "Incomplete lacunar infarction: an alternative hypothesis." Acta Neuropathologica 97, no. 3 (March 8, 1999): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050992.

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28

Fan, Huimin, Shuna Yang, Yue Li, Jiangmei Yin, Wei Qin, Lei Yang, Junliang Yuan, and Wenli Hu. "Assessment of Homocysteine as a Diagnostic and Early Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Acute Lacunar Infarction." European Neurology 79, no. 1-2 (November 29, 2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484893.

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Background: Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels may be an important contributor for the development of cerebral infarction, rare studies focused on its diagnostic and early prognostic roles in acute lacunar infarction. Methods: A total of 197 patients with acute lacunar infarction and 192 to form the control group were prospectively recruited between January 2013 and February 2017. Early neurological deterioration was defined as an increase of ≥2 points in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale or the decrease in Barthel index (BI) score at discharge. Results: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that higher levels of fibrinogen and Hcy were independently clinical predictors associated with lacunar infarction. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis demonstrated that the diagnosis value of Hcy was superior to fibrinogen, with the area under the curve of 0.881 and 0.688 respectively. Using the optimal cutoff value of 15.5 μmol/L of Hcy, a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 100% were achieved for predicting lacunar infarction. Hcy was only significantly related with BI reduction in the males (30.5 [15.5–65.5] vs. 18 [15–24], p = 0.034) in the univariate analysis but not in the females and the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Serum Hcy may be an independent diagnostic and not an early prognostic biomarker for patients with acute lacunar infarction.

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Harris, Salim, Mohammad Kurniawan, Al Rasyid, Taufik Mesiano, and Rakhmad Hidayat. "Cerebral small vessel disease in Indonesia: Lacunar infarction study from Indonesian Stroke Registry 2012–2014." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211878431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312118784312.

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Background and Purpose: Stroke is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Lacunar infarction is one of cerebral small vessel disease spectrum. This study aimed to present stroke epidemiology in Indonesia and risk factors associated with cerebral small vessel disease. Methods: A multicenter prospective cross-sectional study of 18 hospitals in Indonesia was conducted using Stroke Case Report Form from 2012 to 2014. Stroke was diagnosed based on clinical findings confirmed with non-contrast computed tomography of the brain. Subjects were classified into two large groups: ischemic (lacunar and non-lacunar) and hemorrhagic (intracranial and subarachnoid hemorrhage). Other risk factors were assessed on admission. Results: We enrolled 5411 patients, of whom 3627 (67.03%) had ischemic stroke and 1784 (32.97%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Male patients were prevalent in both large groups, although found less in subarachnoid hemorrhage group. Among patients with hemorrhagic stroke, 1603 (89.54%) of them had intracerebral hemorrhage and 181 (10.46%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage. From 3627 ischemic stroke patients, 1635 (45.07%) of them had lacunar infarction. We found that age above 55 years old, male gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes were important risk factors associated with lacunar stroke (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the leading cause of stroke in Indonesia. In total, 45% of the total ischemic stroke patients had lacunar infarction. Important risk factors associated with lacunar infarction were hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, age over 55, and male population.

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Elyas, Dewan Md, Aminur Rahman, Quazi Deen Mohammad, Badrul Alam Mondol, Sakhawat Hossain, Sirajee Shafiqul Islam, Mohammad Selim Shahi, Morshed Baki, and Mohammad Abdus Sattar Sarker. "Comparative Study of Risk Factors Between Lacunar and Non-lacunar Ischemic Strokes." Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 28, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v28i2.17176.

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Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed as well as developing countries The risk factors in lacunar stroke differ in comparison to nonlacunar strokes. In this study risk factors of lacunar stroke in comparison to non-lacunar were evaluated. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the risk factors among lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke. Methodology: This comparative study conducted in the department of Medicine and Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from September 2010 to August 2011. MRI of brain was done in 151 patients above 18 years of age with ischemic stroke and Lacunar stroke was found in 31 patients and non-lacunar stroke was detected in 120 patients. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from them 30 patients with lacunar stroke were selected as Group-A patients and equal number of non-lacunar stroke same ages as group B were compared of. The risk factors of stroke were defined as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, history of transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and carotid artery stenosis. Results: Out of 151 patients with ischemic stroke non-lacunar stroke was predominant, which was 79.47% and lacunar stroke was 20.52%. The mean age was found 60.9±10.2 years in Group A and 56.2±11.8 years in Group B, which was almost similar between two groups (p>0.05). Male were predominant, which was 63.33% and 76.67% in lacunar and non-lacunar stroke respectively. Male and female ratio was 2.3:1. Regarding the risk factors hypertension was observed most common risk factor among the patients having lacunar and non-lacunar strokes. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke and myocardial infarction, carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke which were statistically significant (p<0.05) between the both groups. However, the percentage of smoking, previous TIA and atrial fibrillation were not significantly (p>0.05) different between lacunar and non-lacunar stroke. Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke, and myocardial infarction, whereas carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke and the both groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) . So modification of risk factors may reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v28i2.17176 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (2): 88-95

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31

Sadeghian, Hamid. "Lacunar Stroke Associated with Methylphenidate Abuse." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 31, no. 1 (February 2004): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100002924.

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Background:Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy and like other psychostimulants has a potential for abuse.Case study:A young man with a cerebral lacunar infarction following chronic oral abuse of methylphenidate is presented.Conclusion:The experience of our patient and a review of the literature suggest that cerebral infarction is a potential side effect of chronic consumption of methylphenidate.

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32

Lodder, J., J. Boiten, and L. Heuts-Van Raak. "Sensorimotor syndrome relates to lacunar rather than to non-lacunar cerebral infarction." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 55, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.11.1097.

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33

Kohigashi, Ryuji, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Hisao Tachibana, Yasumichi Iwamoto, and Minoru Sugita. "Plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2(F1+2) in symptomatic lacunar infarction and asymptomatic lacunar infarction." Nosotchu 19, no. 3 (1997): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3995/jstroke.19.225.

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34

Egeto, Peter, Corinne E. Fischer, Zahinoor Ismail, Eric E. Smith, and Tom A. Schweizer. "Lacunar stroke, deep white matter disease and depression: a meta-analysis." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 7 (April 9, 2014): 1101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214000568.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Lacunar stroke is a small (<2 cm) infarction that accounts for approximately 20% of all strokes. While a third of all stroke patients experience depressive symptoms, the prevalence of depression in the lacunar stroke patient population is unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effect of lacunar stroke and deep white matter disease on depressive symptoms.Methods:A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted, resulting in the inclusion of 12 studies. Analyses were performed on the effects of lacunar stroke, volume and location of lacunes on depression prevalence, and the effect on depression severity. The effects estimates were calculated in random-effects models.Results:None of the analyses produced statistically significant results. Lacunar stroke patients had a non-significantly higher prevalence of depression compared to patients with non-lacunar cerebrovascular diseases (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.88–2.43, p = 0.15). Neither thalamic (OR = 1.37 (0.85–2.20), p = 0.19), deep white matter (RR = 1.16 (0.85–1.57), p = 0.35), multiple lacunes (OR = 1.34 (0.81–2.22), p = 0.25), or the volume of lacunes (MD = −4.71 (−351.59–342.18), p = 0.98) had an effect on depression prevalence. Lastly, lacunar stroke did not influence depressive symptom severity (MD = 0.96 (−1.57–3.48), p = 0.46).Conclusions:The pooled group of patients with lacunar stroke and deep white matter disease appear to have a similar prevalence of depression compared to those with other types of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the small number of studies, heterogeneous comparison groups, and high statistical heterogeneity between studies posed an obstacle to the meta-analysis. To determine appropriate screening and treatment approaches, future research will need to separate lacunar stroke and deep white matter disease patients, and include larger sample sizes and healthy control groups to determine their distinct contributions to depression.

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35

YAMADA, Shoko Merrit, Yusuke TOMITA, and Yoshinori TAKAYA. "Lacunar Infarction Caused by Chronic Subdural Hematoma." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 60, no. 8 (2020): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.oa.2019-0183.

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36

Wang, Min. "Correlation of ischemic ophthalmopathy with lacunar infarction." International Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2020.06.16.

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37

Park, Hyung Jun, Hyung-Min Kwon, Jae-Sung Lim, Sang Hyuck Kim, and Jin-Ho Park. "Effect of Albuminuria on Silent Lacunar Infarction." Korean Journal of Family Practice 8, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 820–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.6.820.

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Wang, Haoran, Xiaoyan Fu, Jing Ju, Dan Meng, Shengming Sun, Chenchen Guo, Hongling Jia, and Qiangsan Sun. "Acupuncture for patients recovering from lacunar infarction." Medicine 100, no. 25 (June 25, 2021): e26413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000026413.

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39

Tahsili-Fahadan, Pouya, Alexis N. Simpkins, Richard Leigh, and José G. Merino. "Stuttering lacunar infarction captured on serial MRIs." Neurology: Clinical Practice 6, no. 5 (March 21, 2016): e37-e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000000231.

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Ha, S. Y., K. M. Park, J. Park, S. E. Kim, B. I. Lee, and K. J. Shin. "Autonomic function test in progressive lacunar infarction." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 138, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ane.12913.

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41

Bogousslavsky, Julien, Franco Regli, and Philippe Maeder. "Intracranial Large-Artery Disease and 'Lacunar' Infarction." Cerebrovascular Diseases 1, no. 3 (1991): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000108833.

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42

Kim, Jae Guk, Hanna Choi, Sung-Yeon Sohn, Do-Hyung Kim, and Soo Joo Lee. "Transient Ischemic Attacks Preceding Acute Lacunar Infarction." European Neurology 76, no. 5-6 (2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452487.

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43

Adams, R. J., R. M. Carroll, F. T. Nichols, N. McNair, D. S. Feldman, E. B. Feldman, and W. O. Thompson. "Plasma lipoproteins in cortical versus lacunar infarction." Stroke 20, no. 4 (April 1989): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.20.4.448.

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Samuelsson, Margareta, Björn Söderfeldt, and Gun Britt Olsson. "Functional Outcome in Patients With Lacunar Infarction." Stroke 27, no. 5 (May 1996): 842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.27.5.842.

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Mochizuki, Yoko, Minoru Oishi, Motohiko Hara, Hirokazu Yoshihashi, and Toshiaki Takasu. "Regional cerebral blood flow in lacunar infarction." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 6, no. 3 (January 1997): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-3057(97)80230-3.

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Cao, Wenjie, Nawaf Yassi, Gagan Sharma, Bernard Yan, Patricia M. Desmond, Stephen M. Davis, and Bruce C. V. Campbell. "Diagnosing acute lacunar infarction using CT perfusion." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 29 (July 2016): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2016.01.001.

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VAKHNINA, N. V., A. E. TSOY, O. N. VOSKRESENSKAYA, and I. V. DAMULIN. "CHOREA AS A RESULT OF LACUNAR INFARCTION." Neurological Journal 20, no. 4 (October 29, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9545-2015-20-4-46-50.

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Jeong, Seul-Ki, Do-Hyung Kim, and Young I. Cho. "Homocysteine and pulsatility index in lacunar infarction." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 113, no. 6 (July 2011): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.01.016.

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Kim, Y. S., H. Y. Park, M. S. Park, K. H. Cho, M. K. Kim, and H. S. Lee. "PO11-TU-08 Endothelial function in lacunar infarction, a comparison of lacunar infarction, cerebral atherosclerosis and control group." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 285 (October 2009): S220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(09)70841-x.

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Sato, Takeo, Kenichiro Sakai, Teppei Komatsu, Kenichi Sakuta, Yuka Terasawa, Shusaku Omoto, Hidetaka Mitsumura, and Yasuyuki Iguchi. "Risk factors for infarct expansion are different between lacunar and giant lacunar infarction." Atherosclerosis 292 (January 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.018.

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