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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ladle treatment of steel'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Björklund, Johan. "A study of slag-steel-inclusion interaction during Ladle treatment." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4018.

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<p>The thesis is based on two supplements with two major objectives. In the first supplement equilibrium top slag-steel bulk and inclusions-steel bulk were investigated by comparison between calculated and measured oxygen activity values. This was done by applying different oxide activity models for slags combined with thermodynamic calculations. In the second supplement the inclusion composition is studied during the ladle refining process. The inclusion composition is related to top slag composition and other parameters during ladle</p><p>treatment.</p><p>The work was carried out by collecti

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2

Björklund, Johan. "A study of slag-steel-inclusion interaction during ladle treatment /." Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4018.

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3

Song, Minho. "A Study on the Correlation between Ladle Glaze and Non-Metallic Inclusions in the Ladle Treatment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikro-modellering, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-27640.

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In the present thesis, the correlation between ladle glaze and non-metallic inclusions in the ladle treatment was studied. A number of industrial trials with full scale ladle and laboratory works were performed to investigate the inclusions in the ladle treatment. BaO was used as tracer in the ladle slag to investigate the effect of slag on inclusion composition and the formation of non-metallic inclusions by ladle glaze. BaO was detected in the inclusions of all followed heats. This observation showed strong evidence for the generation of non-metallic inclusions by the ladle glaze. The increa

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4

Beskow, Kristina. "Formation and Chemical Development of Non-metallic Inclusions in Ladle Treatment of Steel." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3598.

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<p>The present study was carried out to investigate theformation and chemical development of non-metallic inclusionsduring ladle treatment of steel.</p><p>To begin with, an investigation of the deoxidation processand the impact of aluminium addition was carried out. For thispurpose, a new experimental setup was constructed. The setupallowed the examination of the deoxidation process as afunction of time by using a quenching technique. Preliminaryexperiments showed that homogeneous nucleation of alumina tookplace in the areas supersaturated with aluminium. Theseexperiments also showed that aggl

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5

Haddock, J. T. "An investigation of a new magnesium based reagent for the ladle treatment of steel." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384644.

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6

Andersson, Margareta. "Some aspects of oxygen and sulphur reactions towards clean steel production." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3019.

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7

Björklund, Johan. "Thermodynamic Aspects on Inclusion Composition and Oxygen Activity during Ladle Treatment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4673.

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Two industrial studies and one set of lab scale trials have been done. In addition, a theoretical study has been done. The main focus has been on non metallic inclusion composition during the ladle refining operation in industrial steel production. Sampling has been done together with careful inclusion determination. The inclusion composition is related to different variables. In the industrial trials samples have been taken at different steps during the ladle refining period. Steel and slag composition as well as temperature and oxygen activity have been determined. The thesis is based on fiv

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8

Doostmohammadi, Hamid. "A Study of Slag/Metal Equilibrium and Inclusion Characteristics during Ladle Treatment and after Ingot Casting." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11596.

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Today, there is a high demand on clean steel for high performance materialproperties. Thus, steel producers try to deliver a steel product with the highestquality and cleanliness to the market. The number of parameters that affect thesteel cleanliness may vary depending on the required material properties of thefinal product. However, the non-metallic inclusion characteristics represent one ofthe most important parameters. More specifically, the composition, size, numberand morphology affect steel cleanliness. In this work, selected parameters affectingthe inclusion characteristics were studie

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9

Steneholm, Karin. "The effect of ladle vacuum treatment on inclusion characteristics for tool steels." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-317.

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10

Ayoub, Mohammed. "Improvement of Cleanness in Melt of Tool Steel by Control of GasBubbles And Electromagnetic stirring in the ladle during vacuum treatment." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217287.

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11

Riyahimalayeri, Kamrooz. "Slag, Steel, Ladle and Non-metallic Inclusions Equilibria in an ASEA-SKF Ladle Furnace." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Termodynamisk modellering, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102149.

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This study explores the possibility of prediction and modification of some of the physicochemical properties of non-metallic inclusions by considering top slag-steel-ladle equilibria in an ASEA-SKF ladle furnace. To test the reliability of an available computational thermodynamic computer program, the first sub project was done. It was concluded that LiMeS, an interface for Thermo-Calc, is a useful tool for slag-steel equilibrium calculations. The second sub project was set out to find some model/s that could calculate the most accurate oxygen activity of molten steel compared to the measured

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12

Thomas, P. R. "Effects of ladle change operations on steel cleanness." Thesis, Swansea University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639188.

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Since the introduction of continuous casting, concerns exist about the suitability of slabs cast during the transitional periods as successive ladle are teemed. Consequently, for critical applications such as thin-wall tinplate products, only steel cast during ‘steady-state’ conditions is selected. In contrast, slab cast over defined lengths before and after a ladle change is downgraded to less demanding applications, irrespective of cleanness. To evaluate the steel cleanness during ladle changes, inclusions levels were assessed when the steel reservoir level in the tundish fell to predefined

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13

Al-Harbi, Mansour N. "Simulation of ladle degassing in steel making process." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30241.

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A multi-phase-species (steel/gas/slag and dissolved elements such as, Al, O, and S) mathematical model based on the fundamental transport equations has been developed. This model was used to study the refining of steel in a ladle, in particular desulphurisation. In this approach, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to predict the flow pattern of the gas-stirred ladle system. The thermodynamic analysis package MTDATA from the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) was linked to the CFD model to predict the mass transaction at the steel/slag interface during the refining process.

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14

Jansson, Sune. "A study on molten steel/slag/refractory reactions during ladle steel refining." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312.

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15

Mazumdar, Dipak 1932. "Fluid flow, particle motion and mixing in ladle metallurgy operations." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72064.

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Extensive computer predictions have been carried out by the author to study flow, addition dispersion and particle motion during central gas injection into cylindrical vessels. In conjunction with numerical computations, experiments were conducted in a 0.30 scale water model of a 150 ton steel processing ladle, using a Froude number scaling criterion. Two typical gas injection configurations (i.e., conventional central injection and C.A.S. alloy addition procedure) were investigated.<br>Flow visualization studies were carried out using a suspended network of silken threads, mean velocity vecto

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16

Joo, Sanghoon. "Modelling metallurgical phenomena in ladle and tundish steel processing operations." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74277.

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Cleanness and uniformity in steel properties are important for high quality steel. Physical and/or mathematical models can be used in order to achieve optimum conditions for the clean steel during steelmaking processes. In the present study, important metallurgical transport phenomena in steelmaking ladles and tundishes have been investigated using both mathematical and physical (water) models.<br>Through appropriate solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations, the intermixing of fluid within gas-stirred ladles can be modelled quite satisfactorily. It is shown that off-centered bubbling gives the

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17

Bathy, Vodeyar Math Kailash. "Optimization of steel production: ladle furnace slag and caster productivity." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117152.

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A slag optimization model is the first objective of this thesis. The importance of slag has been very well understood by the steelmaking industry to produce cost effective, quality steel, where the slag phase has become an essential part of steel making process. The composition and properties of slag play an important role in protecting furnace refractories. The research focused on the development of a slag model to have optimum slag saturated with MgO for better refractory life. A computer model was developed to calculate minimum MgO required during the ladle refining process. The effect of

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18

Dayal, Pranesh. "Study of the slag-metal interaction in ladle treatment." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-320.

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19

Kumar, Deepoo. "Development of a Reliable Kinetic Model for Ladle Refining of Steel." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1169.

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The advancement in computational thermodynamics can help researchers to test their hypotheses regarding complex steelmaking operations in a more quantified manner. The main aim of the current work was to use develop a kinetic model that can predict changes in steel, slag and inclusions during ladle refining and use this model as a tool to develop better understanding of the steelmaking process itself. The important reactions during ladle refining are: steel-refractory reaction, slag-refractory reaction, flotation of inclusions to slag, steel-inclusion reaction, steel-slag reaction and inclusio

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20

Castro, Cedeño Edgar Ivan. "Study of calcium cored wire injection in an industrial steel ladle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0019.

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Afin d'améliorer la coulabilité de certaines nuances d'acier, du calcium est ajouté pour modifier et contrôler la nature des inclusions d'oxydes et des sulfures présentes dans l'acier. Grâce au traitement au calcium, les inclusions solides provoquant l'obstruction des buses de coulée sont converties en inclusions liquides qui ne bouchent pas les buses. L'injection du fil fourré est devenue l'une des technologies de pointe pour les ajouts de calcium, car elle offre une récupération de calcium plus élevée que d'autres méthodes et son fonctionnement est simple et peu coûteux. Ce travail est divis

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21

Castro, Cedeño Edgar Ivan. "Study of calcium cored wire injection in an industrial steel ladle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0019.

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Afin d'améliorer la coulabilité de certaines nuances d'acier, du calcium est ajouté pour modifier et contrôler la nature des inclusions d'oxydes et des sulfures présentes dans l'acier. Grâce au traitement au calcium, les inclusions solides provoquant l'obstruction des buses de coulée sont converties en inclusions liquides qui ne bouchent pas les buses. L'injection du fil fourré est devenue l'une des technologies de pointe pour les ajouts de calcium, car elle offre une récupération de calcium plus élevée que d'autres méthodes et son fonctionnement est simple et peu coûteux. Ce travail est divis

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22

Söder, Mats. "Growth and removal of inclusions during ladle refining." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-45.

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<p>The overall purpose of this thesis work has been to further our understanding of the growth and removal of inclusions in gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The primary focus has been on alumina inclusions. </p><p>Growth mechanisms were studied using data from fundamental mathematical models of gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The results showed the turbulence mechanism to be the most dominant in alumina inclusion growth. The dynamic growth and removal of inclusions in a gas-stirred ladle was studied using mathematical modelling. The model results showed concentration gradients of inclusio

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23

Björklund, Johan. "Thermodynamic aspects on inclusion composition and oxygen activity during ladle treatment /." Stockholm : Materialvetenskap, Materials Science and Engineering, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4673.

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24

Keskinkilic, Ender. "Examination Of Desulfurization Behaviour Of Ladle Furnace Slags Of A Low-sulfur Steel." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608978/index.pdf.

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The aim of this research was mainly to investigate desulfurization behaviour of ladle furnace slags of a low-sulfur steel. First, the change of the amount of unstable oxides (FetO and MnO) in slags was studied from the converter till the end of ladle furnace treatment for different steel quality groups. It was found that the change in the amount of unstable oxides could be examined best with low-C steel qualities. Then, the change of activity of iron oxide was investigated for a member of low-C steel quality group, namely 4937K, a low-S steel. The relation between the degree of desulfurization

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25

Tajik, Rana, Carl Holke, and Johanna Nugin. "The Influence of Placement and Sintering Time of the Steel Ladle Filler-sand." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231504.

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The filler-sand is a barrier between the slide gate system and the liquid metal in the steel ladle. During the casting process, the sintered sand should brake due to the ferrostatic pressure from the molten metal to initiate the teaming. This procedure is called a spontaneous opening in the casting context. However, this is not always the case, as the filler-sand that protects the sliding gate, through which the metal passes, often blocks the exit hole. This study, taking place at Uddeholm in Hagfors, Sweden, investigates the preheating, the refining and the casting process by analyzing the la

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26

Sahin, Berkay. "Inclusion Control At Cemtas Steel Plant." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614925/index.pdf.

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&Ccedil<br>EMTAS Steel Plant produces alloy steels used principally by the automotive industry. Demands of customers for cleaner steel with &ldquo<br>fewer, smaller and homogenously distributed inclusions&rdquo<br>are getting tighter with time. The tight demands of the customers are checked by ultrasonic testing and faulty regions are cut off and scrapped which results in production losses in steel plants. Decreasing production losses due to scrapping by producing cleaner steels is therefore a major concern. The objective of this study is to investigate factors affecting the cleanliness of the

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27

Dahlin, Anders. "Influence of Ladle-slag Additions on BOF-Process Parameters." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33270.

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The influence of ladle-slag additions on the BOF-process performance were investigated in plant trials. The aim of the study was to recycle ladle slag from secondary steelmaking to the LD-converter to save lime and improve the slag formation. More specifically, two plant trial campaigns covering in total 83 heats, whereof 47 with ladle-slag additions and 36 without ladle-slag additions, were performed. Slag and steel sampling of the process were performed at tapping as well as during blowing at 15, 35, and 65% of the total blowing time. During the first campaign, ladle slag was added through

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28

Faheem, Muhammad. "A GUI for online presentation of steel and steelmaking ladle temperature data and simulation." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Elektroteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4256.

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Continuous casting is a casting process that produces steel slabs in a continuous manner with steel being poured at the top of the caster and a steel strand emerging from the mould below. Molten steel is transferred from the AOD converter to the caster using a ladle. The ladle is designed to be strong and insulated. Complete insulation is never achieved. Some of the heat is lost to the refractories by convection and conduction. Heat losses by radiation also occur. It is important to know the temperature of the melt during the process. For this reason, an online model was previously developed t

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29

Törner, Karin, and Sofie Nabseth. "Potential methods of measuring the stirring intensity during secondary steel making in the ladle furnace." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207170.

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The main objectives of this research were to find a measuring technique for the gas stirring intensity and relate this to the argon gas stirring in the ladle furnace. However, the investigation mainly focused on methods of measuring the true amount of argon gas entering the ladle furnace, since this was needed to further determine the gas stirring intensity. The as stirring intensity is of importance because steel plants want to relate the quality and composition of the steel to the effect of the stirring. The methods for executing this research have been based on a literature study and a fiel

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30

Ramström, Eva. "Mass transfer and slag-metal reaction in ladle refining : a CFD approach." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : KTH, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11864.

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<p> </p><p>In order to optimise the ladle treatment mass transfer modelling of aluminium addition and homogenisation time was carried out. It was stressed that incorporating slag-metal reactions into the mass transfer modelling strongly would enhance the reliability and amount of information to be analyzed from the CFD calculations.</p><p> </p><p>In the present work, a thermodynamic model taking all the involved slag metal reactions into consideration was incorporated into a 2-D fluid flow model of an argon stirred ladle. Both thermodynamic constraints and mass balance were considered. The act

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31

Médioni, Charlotte. "Influence of Stirring on the Inclusion Characteristics during Vacuum Degassing in a Ladle." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-167110.

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Steel cleanliness as a function of stirring practice during vacuum degassing treatment have been investigated in industrial studies at the steel plants of SSAB Special Steels in Oxelösund and Uddeholm AB in Hagfors. The cleanliness was examined with regards to the contents of sulphur, nitrogen and large inclusions (>10µm). The stirring practice during the vacuum degassing treatment has been studied with respect to time, namely by shortening the vacuum degassing treatment time from 24 to 15 minutes. Furthermore, the effect of the stirring intensity was studied by measuring the open eye zone

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32

Singh, Pavan Kumar. "SCALE MODEL EXPERIMENTS AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON A STEEL TEEMING PROCESS." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/317.

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During the teeming process of molten steel from a ladle, a bathtub-type vortex may be formed in the ladle. The vortex entrains undesired slag on the surface into the tundish, lowering the quality. The formation of such vortices has been studied using two different scale models. Since the kinematic viscosity of water is similar to that of molten steel, the molten steel was simulated by water in the experiments. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to measure water flow patterns. Results show that the initial tangential velocity of water is responsible for the vortex formation

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33

Grip, Carl-Erik. "Temperature and steel flow in ladle and tundish : development of models for use in a temperature prediction system." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25807.

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34

Ni, Peiyuan. "A Study on Particle Motion and Deposition Rate : Application in Steel Flows." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-161915.

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Non-metallic inclusions in molten steel have received worldwide attention due to their serious influence on both the steel product quality and the steel production process. These inclusions may come from the de-oxidation process, the re-oxidation by air and/or slag due to an entrainment during steel transfer, and so on. The presence of some inclusion types can cause a termination of a casting process by clogging a nozzle. Thus, a good knowledge of the inclusion behavior and deposition rate in steel flows is really important to understand phenomena such as nozzle clogging. In this thesis, inclu

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35

King, Benjamin. "Welding and post weld heat treatment of 2.25%Cr-1%Mo steel." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060404.095844/index.html.

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36

Kang, Young Jo. "Some aspects of non-metallic inclusions during vacuum degassing in ladle treatment : with emphasize on liquid CaO-Al2O3 inclusions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Materials Science and Engineering, (Materialvetenskap), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4288.

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37

Aydemir, Onur. "Use Of Aluminium Dross For Slag Treatment In Secondary Steelmaking To Decrease Amount Of Reducible Oxides In Ladle Furnace." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608132/index.pdf.

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In this study it was aimed to analyse refining processes such as decreasing reducible oxide content of ladle slag with affecting parameters in low carbon aluminum killed grades and for the research Erdemir low carbon steel grades 7112K and 7110K are selected. There was a negative correlation between reducible oxide amount in ladle slag and desulphurization capacity of ladle slag with metal-slag reaction and steel internal cleanliness. To refine these properties of slag, aluminium dross, which was aluminium production discard and has a metallic content around %30-35 was used and after ladle tre

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38

XU, MAN. "PASSIVATION OF BATCH-GALVANIZED STEEL BY SILANE TREATMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195660288.

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39

Strandh, Jenny. "A study of solid and liquid inclusion separation at the steel-slag interface." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307.

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40

Martin, D. C. (David Charles). "Selected heat conduction problems in thermomechanical treatment of steel." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295195.

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Abstract This thesis considers two related problems where heat conduction is accompanied by phase transformation during the cooling of carbon steels – phenomena which are fundamental to modern thermomechanical treatment processes. In the first problem, a non-linear heat equation formulation is described which includes linkage between irreversible diffusive and diffusionless phase transformation processes and thermophysical properties. A family of numerical schemes using finite difference methods with diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta method integrators for solving this formulation is present. Sa

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41

Al, Malki Uthman Mosfer. "The novel quenching and partitioning heat treatment of steel." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595670.

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The recently proposed and novel steel heat treatment process known as quenching and partitioning (Q&P) is studied, in particular, the partitioning stage. Characterization of the partially quenched microstructure prior to the partitioning stage is enabled by using a base composition containing a higher Mn concentration than for conventional Q&P steels, such that quenching to room temperature produces only partial decomposition of austenite to martensite. Increasing the carbon concentration of this base composition also enabled a study of the effect of steel carbon content, although at the highe

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42

Seshadri, Prashant. "Treatment of acid mine drainage with Weirton steel slags." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1730.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 38 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).

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43

Bigg, Timothy David. "Quenching and partitioning : a new steel heat treatment concept." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3145/.

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Steel continues to be one of the primary materials in use today, however, even after 200 years of published research, innovative methods are being discovered and exploited to produce steel with enhanced properties. One such recent discovery has been termed Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P). The Q&P heat treatment process is reported to produce a multiphase microstructure consisting of retained austenite stabilised to room temperature, and a harder martensitic phase. This combination is prospected to form a new generation of high strength, formable sheet steel well suited to the demands of the a

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44

Priyadarshi, Harsh. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Calcium Treatment of Steel." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0017/document.

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Afin de réduire les effets nocifs des inclusions d'alumine et d'améliorer la coulabilité de l'acier en fusion, le traitement au calcium est largement utilisé pour transformer les inclusions solides en inclusions liquides. Cependant, le traitement au calcium donne des résultats très irréguliers, difficilement explicables. Même si de nombreux efforts ont été déployés pour comprendre le comportement du calcium dans l’acier liquide, il n’a pas encore été prédit avec précision. Par conséquent, le mécanisme par lequel le calcium se dissout dans la masse fondue et transforme les inclusions solides do

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45

Larnesjö, Lukas. "Optimization of the Thermal Status of Steel Ladles : A study Performed at SSAB in Oxelösund." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211904.

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The purpose of this thesis was to analyze and understand the functions of the current temperature model used at the steel mill in at SSAB in Oxelösund. Furthermore, to try to optimize the model by creating a better description of the ladles thermal status. A copy of the current model was made using Matlab and its performance was compared to actual temperature measurements. Along with this, additional process data was used to find a correlation between these data and temperature alterations in the liquid steel. These correlations were then used to create a new description of the ladles thermal

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Jeong, Tae Ki 1968. "Subcritical heat treatment of cold rolled multi-phase trip steel." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82605.

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The high strength of TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) steel enables high fuel efficiency by reducing the weight of a car without any loss of safety. In addition, the good formability shown by TRIP steel extends the application of this type of steel to complicated component shapes. TRIP steels can be used in the cold rolled and 'TRIP annealed' condition. After cold rolling, TRIP steels are subjected to a complicated anneal/heat-treatment encompassing intercritical annealing followed by bainitic transformation. Because the 'TRIP annealing' is designed to produce the complex micros

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Wang, Fei. "Austenite grain growth behaviour of HSLA steel during reheating treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7415/.

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The grain growth behaviour during reheating between 950 ºC and 1300 ºC of as-cast Al-Nb steel (containing 0.019 wt% Nb and 0.057 wt% Al) and rolled Nb-containing steel (containing 0.028 wt% Nb and 0.031 wt% Al) have been investigated. In particular the role of microalloying element segregation during casting and, hence the spatial distribution of microalloying precipitates, on grain boundary pinning during reheating has been considered. The Al-Nb containing steel has been examined in separate initial conditions, including as-cast (segregated structure), homogenised and forged (reduced separati

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Tenner, Jonathan. "Optimisation of the heat treatment of steel using neural networks." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719165.

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Wikström, Jenny. "A Mathematical and Experimental Study of Inclusion Behaviour at a Steel-Slag Interface." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4574.

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The aim of this thesis work is to increase the knowledge of inclusion behavior at the steel-slag interface by mathematical modeling and in-situ Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope experiments. Mathematical models based on the equation of motion predicting liquid and solid inclusion behavior was first investigated. Four main forces, the buoyancy force, the added mass force, the rebound force and the drag force, act on the inclusion as it crosses the interface. There are three types of behavior an inclusion at the steel-slag interface can adopt. These are a) pass, which means that the inclusion i

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Ohlsson, Jonas. "Effects of different heat treatments on hardness of Grade 91 steel." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32805.

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CCI Valve Technology AB is a company located in Säffle, Sweden, that manufactures and installs bypass valves. Due to requirements outside normal standards on the valve's hardness values, some measurements have had difficulties meeting such requirements. During this thesis work, tests were carried out to determine how to overcome the difficulties. The experiments focused on five different areas that may affect the components hardness, welding method, soaking temperature during post weld heat treatment, measuring procedure, component thickness and number of heat treatment cycles. The Grade 91 st

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