Journal articles: 'Lagoon of Venice'

1

Zoppi, U., A. Albani, A. J. Ammerman, Q. Hua, E. M. Lawson, and R. Serandrei Barbero. "Preliminary Estimate of the Reservoir Age in the Lagoon of Venice." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2A (2001): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038388.

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The Lagoon of Venice was formed about 6000 years ago due to the marine transgression associated with the late Pleistocene sea level rise. Already by the time of the Republic of Venice (727–1797 AD) it was recognized that the future of the city and its many historical buildings was strongly correlated with the future of the lagoon itself. During the centuries many engineering projects such as modification of the fluvial systems, construction of coastal barriers, and dredging of navigation channels were carried out to preserve the lagoonal environment. The present-day lagoon is the result of all these processes and covers an area of 540 km2 with an average depth of 0.6 m. A series of radiocarbon age determinations carried out on material obtained from cores collected in the Lagoon of Venice indicate within the sedimentary units the existence of a number of discontinuities and slumping events due to the highly active lagoonal environment. The evaluation of data obtained from a variety of different materials—both terrestrial and marine—allowed us to determine for the first time the marine reservoir effect in the lagoon of Venice. The discussion includes a comparison with other relevant measurements and a possible explanation to the relatively high reservoir age (1200–1300 yr).

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Sfriso, Adriano, Alessandro Buosi, Yari Tomio, Abdul-Salam Juhmani, Michele Mistri, Cristina Munari, and Andrea Sfriso. "Trends of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Sediments of the Lagoons of the Northern Adriatic Sea." Water 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 2914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202914.

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The analysis of nutrient concentrations in surface sediments is a reliable tool for assessing the trophic status of a water body. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are strongly related to the sediment characteristics but are mainly driven by anthropogenic impacts. The results of the determination of total nitrogen and total inorganic and organic phosphorus in surface sediments of the lagoons and ponds of the northwestern Adriatic Sea (Marano-Grado, Venice, Po Delta, Comacchio Valleys, Pialassa della Baiona) show the merit of this approach. Indeed, when previous data are available, the ratio between the actual and background values can provide useful information on the trophic changes that have occurred in the most recent times, and the results can also explain the conditions present in less studied environments. In this context, numerous studies performed in the Venice lagoon since the second half of the 20th century during different environmental scenarios provide mean concentration ranges and propose the main causes of changes. The results of single datasets available for the other lagoons fall into scenarios that occurred in the Venice lagoon. At present, the most eutrophic basins are Pialassa della Baiona, the Po Delta lagoons and ponds and the Comacchio valleys due to industrial effluents, fish farming and clam harvesting, respectively, whereas the Venice lagoon is now experiencing environmental recovery.

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Gačić, M., and C. Solidoro. "Lagoon of Venice." Journal of Marine Systems 51, no. 1-4 (November 2004): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.06.001.

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4

Feola, Alessandra, Emanuele Ponis, Michele Cornello, Rossella Boscolo Brusà, Federica Cacciatore, Federica Oselladore, Bruno Matticchio, et al. "An Integrated Approach for Evaluating the Restoration of the Salinity Gradient in Transitional Waters: Monitoring and Numerical Modeling in the Life Lagoon Refresh Case Study." Environments 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9030031.

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Large lagoons usually show a salinity gradient due to fresh water tributaries with inner areas characterized by lower mean values and higher fluctuation of salinity than seawater-dominated areas. In the Venice Lagoon, this ecotonal environment, characterized in the past by oligo-mesohaline waters and large intertidal areas vegetated by reedbeds, was greatly reduced by historical human environmental modifications, including the diversion of main rivers outside the Venice Lagoon. The reduction of the fresh water inputs caused a marinization of the lagoon, with an increase in salinity and the loss of the related habitats, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. To counteract this issue, conservation actions, such as the construction of hydraulic infrastructures for the introduction and the regulation of a fresh water flow, can be implemented. The effectiveness of these actions can be preliminarily investigated and then verified through the combined implementation of environmental monitoring and numerical modeling. Through the results of the monitoring activity carried out in Venice Lagoon in the framework of the Life Lagoon Refresh (LIFE16NAT/IT/000663) project, the study of salinity is shown to be a successful and robust combination of different types of monitoring techniques. In particular, the characterization of salinity is obtained by the acquisition of continuous data, field campaigns, and numerical modeling.

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Scapin, Luca, Matteo Zucchetta, Andrea Bonometto, Alessandra Feola, Rossella Boscolo Brusà, Adriano Sfriso, and Piero Franzoi. "Expected Shifts in Nekton Community Following Salinity Reduction: Insights into Restoration and Management of Transitional Water Habitats." Water 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071354.

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A restoration project is planned to take place in the northern Venice lagoon (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy), aiming at introducing freshwater into a confined shallow water lagoon area and recreating transitional water habitats. This work describes the shifts in the nekton (fish and decapods) community structure to be expected following the future salinity decrease in the restoration area. Nekton was sampled at a series of natural shallow water sites located along salinity gradients in the Venice lagoon. A multivariate GLM approach was followed in order to predict species biomass under the salinity and environmental conditions expected after restoration. Biomass of commercially important species, as well as species of conservation interest, is predicted to increase following salinity reduction and habitat changes. From a functional perspective, an increase in biomass of hyperbenthivores-zooplanctivores, hyperbenthivores-piscivores and detritivores is also expected. This study emphasises the efficacy of a predictive approach for both ecological restoration and ecosystem management in transitional waters. By providing scenarios of community structure, the outcomes of this work could be employed in future evaluations of restoration success in the Venice lagoon, as well as to develop management tools to forecast the effects of alterations of salinity regimes in coastal lagoons due to climate change.

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6

Umgiesser, G. "Modelling the Venice Lagoon." International Journal of Salt Lake Research 6, no. 2 (June 1997): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02441892.

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7

Berengo, Valentina, Thomas Benz, Paolo Simonini, and Martino Leoni. "Site Monitoring and Numerical Modelling of a Trial Embankment's Behaviour on Venice Lagoon Soils." ISRN Civil Engineering 2011 (September 4, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/378579.

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Mineralogical and mechanical characterization of Venice lagoon soils is required for design and construction of movable floodgates that aim to safeguard the city of Venice against recurrent floods. An instrumented circular test embankment was constructed in the lagoon area, enabling accurate measurement of relevant ground displacements. In situ stress-strain-time measurements were carried out in order to investigate the viscous behaviour of Venice lagoon soils during and after embankment loading. Site monitoring was kept up also during embankment removal so that information on soil behaviour in unloading is available, too. This paper illustrates key results from embankment monitoring and also focuses on modelling of creep behaviour. A recently developed anisotropic constitutive model was calibrated for Venice lagoon soils and is used in back analysis of the embankment construction and removal process. The constitutive parameters of the model were calibrated from in situ and laboratory tests.

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8

Di Nunno, Fabio, Giovanni de Marinis, Rudy Gargano, and Francesco Granata. "Tide Prediction in the Venice Lagoon Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) Neural Network." Water 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091173.

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In the Venice Lagoon some of the highest tides in the Mediterranean occur, which have influenced the evolution of the city of Venice and the surrounding lagoon for centuries. The forecast of “high waters” in the lagoon has always been a matter of considerable practical interest. In this study, tide prediction models were developed for the entire lagoon based on Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) neural networks. The NARX-based model development was performed in two different stages. The first stage was the training and testing of the NARX network, performed on data collected in a given time interval at the tide gauge of Punta della Salute, at the end of Canal Grande. The second stage consisted of a comprehensive validation of the model in the entire Venice Lagoon, with a detailed analysis of data from three measuring stations located in points of the lagoon with different characteristics. Good predictions were achieved regardless of whether the meteorological parameters were considered among input parameters, even with considerable time advance. Furthermore, the forecasting model based on NARX has proved capable of predicting even exceptional high tides. The proposed model could be a useful support tool for the management of the MOSE system, which will protect Venice from high waters.

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9

Raccanelli, Stefano, Vladimiro Bonamin, and Pietro Tundo. "Dioxins in the Venice lagoon." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 7, no. 3 (September 2000): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2000.06.030.

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10

Deheyn, Dimitri D., and Lisa R. Shaffer. "Saving Venice: Engineering and ecology in the Venice lagoon." Technology in Society 29, no. 2 (April 2007): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2007.01.014.

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11

Feltracco, Matteo, Elena Barbaro, Elisa Morabito, Roberta Zangrando, Rossano Piazza, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Gambaro. "Assessing glyphosate in water, marine particulate matter, and sediments in the Lagoon of Venice." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no. 11 (October 14, 2021): 16383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16957-x.

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Abstract Lagoon water, suspended particulate matter, and sediment samples from seven sites at Lagoon of Venice were collected from 2019 to 2021 in order to study the presence of the herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), among the most widely used agricultural chemicals worldwide, but its occurrence in lagoon water environment has not been deeply investigated. The sites were selected considering a supposed diversity of inputs and of pollution levels. An analytical method based on ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was optimized and validated for lagoon water, marine particulate matter, and sediment samples. Maximum concentrations of glyphosate were 260 and 7 ng L−1 for lagoon water and suspended particulate matter, respectively, and 15 ng g−1 for sediment, with some spatial and temporal fluctuations. Our results demonstrate that glyphosate content in the Venice Lagoon mainly depends on external forcing from river inlets and agricultural lagoon activities.

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12

Marabini, F., and Α. Μερτζάνης. "THE LAGOON OF VENICE : EVOLUTION IN TIME OF THE HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES, IN THE WATERSTREAMS AND THE LAGOON OF VENICE (ITALY)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16914.

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This work depicts the evolution in time of the hydrogeomorphological processes and the human impact which from the historical era have contributed to the actual configuration of the Lagoon of Venice (northwestern Adriatic sea). Those natural hydrogeomorphological processes, in combination with the intense human interference, have led to the increase in the rate of occurrence of the phenomenon of the high level of tide, a phenomenon known as "acque alte", which is prominent today in the Lagoon area and the complex of the "sand islands" which are formed inside the Lagoon. This work also describes the measures prescribed and taken, according to environmental protection program (Mose), in order to deal more effectively with this undesirable hydrogeomorphological processes in the area o.'*he Lagoon of Venice.

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13

SFRISO, A., A. BUOSI, and A. A. SFRISO. "On the occurrence of Uronema marinum Womersley (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyta) in the north-western lagoons of the Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea (Italy)." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 1 (September 15, 2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.517.

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We study the occurrence of the alien macroalga Uronema marinum in the lagoon of Venice, in the lagoons and ponds of the Po Delta and in Pialassa della Baiona in Emilia-Romagna. It was in summer 2012 that U. marinum was identified for the first time, even though it has been present at least since 2008. This species, originally described from South Australia and Western Australia and probably imported with the Manila clam Tapes philippinarum, is prevalently associated with thalli of another introduced species, Agardhiella subulata, and the invasive Gracilaria vermiculophylla, which also have a Pacific origin and have recently colonized the same lagoon areas. Uronema marinum is currently widespread in the whole lagoon surfaces, but is particularly abundant in stagnant waters, rich in nutrients, where Gracilariaceae and Solieriaceae prevail on Ulvaceae.

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14

Mugnai, C., M. Gerino, M. Frignani, S. Sauvage, and L. G. Bellucci. "Bioturbation experiments in the Venice Lagoon." Hydrobiologia 494, no. 1-3 (March 2003): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1025430719520.

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15

Cucco, Andrea, and Georg Umgiesser. "Modeling the Venice Lagoon residence time." Ecological Modelling 193, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.043.

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16

Ferrarin, C., M. Ghezzo, G. Umgiesser, D. Tagliapietra, E. Camatti, L. Zaggia, and A. Sarretta. "Assessing hydrological effects of human interventions on coastal systems: numerical applications to the Venice Lagoon." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 5 (May 3, 2013): 1733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1733-2013.

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Abstract. The hydrological consequences of historical, contemporary and future human activities on a coastal system were investigated by means of numerical models. The changes in the morphology of the Lagoon of Venice during the last century result from the sedimentological response to the combined effects of human interventions on the environment and global changes. This study focuses on changes from 1927 to 2012 and includes the changes planned for the protection of the city of Venice from storm surges and exceptional tides under future sea level rise scenarios. The application of a hydrodynamic model allowed for the analysis of the morphological effects on the lagoon circulation, the interaction with the sea and the internal mixing processes. The absolute values of the exchange between the lagoon and sea increased from 1927 to 2002 (from 3900 to 4600 m3 s−1), while the daily fraction of lagoon water volume exchanged decreased. At the same time, the flattening of the lagoon and loss of morphological heterogeneity enhanced the internal mixing processes driven by the tide and wind, reducing thus the overall water renewal time from 11.9 days in 1927 to 10.8 days in 2002. Morphological changes during the last decade reduced the water exchange through the inlets and induced an increase of the basin-wide water renewal time of 0.5 day. In the future, Venice Lagoon will evolve to a more restricted environment due to sea level rise, which increases the lagoon volume, and periodical closure of the lagoon from the sea during flooding events, which reduces the communication with the open sea. Therefore, the flushing capacity of the lagoon will decrease considerably, especially in its central part. Furthermore, some considerations on the impact of the hydromorphological changes on the ecological dynamics are proposed.

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17

Bendoricchio, G., M. Di Luzio, P. Baschieri, and A. G. Capodaglio. "Diffuse Pollution in the Lagoon of Venice." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0405.

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The hypertrophic conditions of several confined areas in the Lagoon of Venice are but one of the consequences of nutrient discharges from its drainage basin. The monthly distribution of these loads, as well as their spacial subdivision among different tributaries of this characteristic water body, directly affect the growth cycle of macroalgae in it. The magnitude of these loads cannot be precisely measured by direct methods, however, it can be estimated by simulation with appropriate models. A comprehensive study aimed at the determination of these loads is under way as part of a larger intervention program to restore the physical and ecological equilibrium of the Lagoon. This paper focuses on the results of the simulation of diffuse loads generated in the Lagoon watershed. These results were obtained by interfacing a geographical information system (GIS) of the watershed and two models simulating respectively urban and agricultural diffuse pollution. Diffuse loads are then compared with the corresponding point sources to evaluate their relative contributing role in the dystrophic behavior of the Lagoon. The relative importance of diffuse sources is discussed with particular reference to time and space variability of the loads.

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Tosi, Luigi, Cristina Da Lio, Pietro Teatini, Antonio Menghini, and Andrea Viezzoli. "Continental and marine surficial water – groundwater interactions: the case of the southern coastland of Venice (Italy)." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (June 5, 2018): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-387-2018.

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Abstract. Understanding the continental-marine surficial water–groundwater exchanges in transitional coastal environments is really challenging at large scale. It requires an image of the saltwater–freshwater relationship which is difficult to be obtained especially in wetlands, lagoons, and marine areas. This study is focused on the coastland of the southern Venice lagoon – northern Po river delta (Italy), a precarious environment subject to both natural changes and anthropogenic pressures. Here, saltwater severely affects farmlands and aquifers. We used an airborne electromagnetics (AEM) survey with the goal of characterizing the continental and marine surficial water–groundwater interactions in such coastal region. The AEM survey allowed depicting a clear image of the fresh water–saltwater occurrence in shallow aquifers along mainland-lagoon – littoral-sea profiles, up to 20 km long. The results reveal that continental groundwater is located in the lagoon subsoil below a 10–20 m thick saline aquifer and extends down to 70 m depth. The whole low-lying farmland located south of the lagoon margin is seriously affected by saltwater contamination, which occurs from a few to about 50 m depth. The integrated analysis of AEM, seismic and borehole data shows that buried morpho-geological structures, such as paleo-channels and over-consolidated clay units control the saline contamination from the lagoon and the sea into the coastal aquifer system.

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Tosi, L., T. Strozzi, C. Da Lio, and P. Teatini. "Regional and local land subsidence at the Venice coastland by TerraSAR-X PSI." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-199-2015.

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Abstract. Land subsidence occurred at the Venice coastland over the 2008–2011 period has been investigated by Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) using a stack of 90 TerraSAR-X stripmap images with a 3 m resolution and a 11-day revisiting time. The regular X-band SAR acquisitions over more than three years coupled with the very-high image resolution has significantly improved the monitoring of ground displacements at regional and local scales, e.g., the entire lagoon, especially the historical palaces, the MoSE large structures under construction at the lagoon inlets to disconnect the lagoon from the Adriatic Sea during high tides, and single small structures scattered within the lagoon environments. Our results show that subsidence is characterized by a certain variability at the regional scale with superimposed important local displacements. The movements range from a gentle uplift to subsidence rates of up to 35 mm yr−1. For instance, settlements of 30–35 mm yr−1 have been detected at the three lagoon inlets in correspondence of the MoSE works, and local sinking bowls up to 10 mm yr−1 connected with the construction of new large buildings or restoration works have been measured in the Venice and Chioggia historical centers. Focusing on the city of Venice, the mean subsidence of 1.1 ± 1.0 mm yr−1 confirms the general stability of the historical center.

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20

Cossu, R., E. de Fraja Frangipane, D. Degobbis, A. A. Orio, and G. Andreottola. "Pollution and Eutrophication in the Venice Lagoon." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1987): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0259.

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To reduce the effect of the “high water”, which involves mainly the City of Venice, a project is underway to install barriers in the three port channels which connect the Venice lagoon to the Northern Adriatic Sea. To have a basis on which to gauge any observed effects in the water quality as a consequence of the reduction of the exchange of water between the lagoon and the open sea, a survey on the most polluted area of the lagoon was carried out over the period of a year. The following parameters were determined: pH, temperature, salinity, transparency, dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen, orthophosphate, zinc and total coliforms. The results, compared to those obtained from previous studies, show that situation improved for ammoniacal nitrogen, zinc and coliforms and remained fairly constant for the other parameters. The inner zones of the lagoon are much more exposed to eutrophication as a consequence of a lower circulation of water and higher accumulation of nutrients. Release from sediments appears to play an important role in controlling the water quality in the shallow areas. Frequent algae blooms have been observed during spring and summer seasons. There is no evidence of an attenuation of eutrophic phenomena in recent years.

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Ferrarin, C., M. Ghezzo, G. Umgiesser, D. Tagliapietra, E. Camatti, L. Zaggia, and A. Sarretta. "Assessing hydrological effects of human interventions on coastal systems: numerical applications to the Venice Lagoon." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2012): 13839–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-13839-2012.

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Abstract. The hydrological consequences of historical, contemporary and future human activities on a coastal system were investigated by means of numerical models. The changes in the morphology of the Lagoon of Venice during the last century result from the sedimentological response to the combined effects of human interventions on the environment and global changes. This study focuses on changes from 1927 to 2012 and includes the changes planned for the protection of the city of Venice from storm surges and exceptional tides under future sea level rise scenarios. The application of a hydrodynamic model to simulate the circulation of water masses and the transport of a passive tracer enabled the analysis of the morphodynamic effects on the lagoon circulation and the interaction with the sea. The absolute values of the exchange between the lagoon and sea increased from 1927 to 2002 (from 3900 to 4600 m3 s−1), while the daily fraction of lagoon water volume exchanged decreased. At the same time, the water renewal time shortened from 11.9 to 10.8 days. Morphological changes during the last decade induced an increase of the basin-wide water renewal time (from 10.8 to 11.3 days). In the future, Venice Lagoon will evolve to a more restricted environment due to sea level rise and periodical closure of the lagoon from the sea during flooding events. Simulated scenarios of sea level rise showed that under fall-winter conditions the water renewal time will increased considerably especially in the central part of the lagoon. Furthermore, some considerations on the impact of the hydromorphological changes on the ecological dynamics are proposed.

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22

Sfriso, Adriano, Alessandro Buosi, Abdul-Salam Juhmani, Yari Tomio, Michele Mistri, Cristina Munari, and Andrea Augusto Sfriso. "Sedimentation Rates: Anthropogenic Impacts and Environmental Changes in Transitional Water Systems." Water 14, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233843.

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The trophic evolution of the Venice lagoon was analyzed by studying the particulate collected monthly with sedimentation traps in many areas of the Venice lagoon since 1989, and at Goro in 2018–2019. Sedimentation rates were strongly related to the presence of macrophytes, which reduced sediment resuspension, and to anthropogenic pressures, such as clam harvesting and naval-boat traffic, that triggered sediment resuspension and loss. The highest mean annual sedimentation rates (from 2000 to over 4000 g DWT m−2 day−1) have been recorded in many areas of the Venice lagoon between 1998–1999 to 2001–2002, during the intense fishing activities of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. High values (daily peaks up to 5224 g DWT m−2 day−1) were also recorded in areas affected by marine and/or recreational traffic, due to the high wave motion. In contrast, the presence of high biomasses of macroalgae, or seagrasses, reduced significantly sediment resuspension and settlement, with mean annual sedimentation rates ranging between 40 and 140 g DWT m−2 day−1 and minimum values of 6–10 g DWT m−2 day−1. High sedimentation rates were strongly related to a lower sediment grain-size, with loss of the fine fraction and dispersion of nutrients and pollutants in the whole lagoon.

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OMODEO, PIETRO DANIEL, SEBASTIANO TREVISANI, and SENTHIL BABU. "BENEDETTO CASTELLI’S CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LAGOON OF VENICE: MATHEMATICAL EXPERTISE AND HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY VENICE." Earth Sciences History 39, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 420–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-39.2.420.

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ABSTRACT This paper deals with the geoenvironmental politics of early-modern Venice as a case study of geological agency that enlightens the entanglements of geo-history and human history. It focuses on a controversy that was sparked by Galileo’s pupil Benedetto Castelli, as he claimed that his mathematical treatment of running waters could solve all of the most urgent problems linked to the management of the Lagoon of Venice. From an epistemological viewpoint, the controversy is relevant as a case of clashing ‘styles of thought’, as it constituted a disciplinary conflict that pitted Galileian physico-mathematical abstraction (which resulted from the isolation of a set of quantifiable data) against ‘geological’ concreteness (a form of comprehensive knowledge which aimed to cope with systemic complexity). Castelli was not able to convince the Venetian authorities that his method could solve the main problems relative to the conservation of the lagoon at a time when its depth and navigability were worryingly diminishing. While the Venetian authorities invested in diverting rivers away from the lagoon to reduce sediment supply, Castelli argued, to the contrary, that it was precisely the diversion of the rivers that caused shoaling because of the loss of the great quantity of water discharged by the rivers, which he accurately calculated. His analytical approach was dismissive of the comprehensive knowledge and complex methods that Venetian water experts and engineers had developed towards a systemic understanding of the hydrogeology and the environment of the lagoon with the active involvement of citizens and fishermen in the assessment of the state of the waters.

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Wei, H. L., and S. A. Billings. "An efficient nonlinear cardinal B-spline model for high tide forecasts at the Venice Lagoon." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 13, no. 5 (October 23, 2006): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-13-577-2006.

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Abstract. An efficient class of nonlinear models, constructed using cardinal B-spline (CBS) basis functions, are proposed for high tide forecasts at the Venice lagoon. Accurate short term predictions of high tides in the lagoon can easily be calculated using the proposed CBS models.

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Sfriso, Adriano, Alessandro Buosi, Yari Tomio, Abdul-Salam Juhmani, Stefania Chiesa, Marta Greco, Chiara Gazzola, Michele Mistri, Cristina Munari, and Andrea Augusto Sfriso. "Sediment Carbon Variations in the Venice Lagoon and Other Transitional Water Systems of the Northern Adriatic Sea." Water 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123430.

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The concentrations of inorganic, organic and total carbon, and some sedimentary parameters (sediment density, fines, pH, and shell fragments), have been analyzed in surface sediments of the Venice Lagoon since 1987. Environmental scenarios, characterized by different anthropogenic impacts, have been considered, especially in the central basin where more information is available. Data collected in 2009 in the lagoons and ponds of Po Delta, in Comacchio Valleys and Pialassa della Baiona have been also considered and analyzed together with those recorded in the whole Venice Lagoon in 2011. The results show a strong correlation of the inorganic carbon (Cinorg) with the carbonatic or siliceous origins of the sediments and changes of both Cinorg and organic carbon (Corg) according to different anthropogenic impacts, especially eutrophication and clam-fishing activities. Higher sediment density, grain-size, and pH were associated to good-high ecological conditions and the higher presence of inorganic carbon of biological origin (shell fragments and calcified macroalgal fragments). Conversely, Corg, which is associated to eutrophic conditions, was strongly affected by the sediment disturbance and the presence of high concentrations of bivalves which enhance its consumption.

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Mel, Riccardo A. "Exploring the partial use of the Mo.S.E. system as effective adaptation to rising flood frequency of Venice." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 3629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3629-2021.

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Abstract. The Venice lagoon (Italy) is particularly vulnerable to the impact of subsidence and sea level rise driven by climate change. Some structural measures have been adopted over time to protect Venice from flooding, among which a system of flap gates (Experimental Electromechanical Module, Mo.S.E., system) has been operational in the testing phase since October 2020. However, relative sea level rise and wind set-up pose relevant management challenges, as a frequent closing of the lagoon would have negative impacts on flushing capacity, the fishing industry, and port activities. Here, the focus is on the hydrodynamic effects of a partial closure of the Mo.S.E. barriers that, compared to closing all the three inlets of the lagoon, could play a role in reducing the economic and environmental impacts of the Mo.S.E. system. The main goal is to identify the flooding events that can be counteracted by closing only the Lido inlet, which is the closest to the city of Venice. Based on the tidal and meteorological dataset collected in the period 2000–2019, a robust modelling exercise identifies a linear relationship between tidal range and reduction of the sea level peaks, which results in the protection of all urban settlements within the lagoon from two-thirds of the flooding events up to a relative sea level rise of +0.4 m.

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Pietrych, Krystyna. "Iwaszkiewicz’s Venice." Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze, no. 9 (December 30, 2020): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2299-7458.09.07.

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The article offers an overview of Iwaszkiewicz’s Venice works, starting with his early poems from his first visit in the city on a lagoon, and all the way to a work in his final poetry collection. This overview helps one realise that the writer’s autobiography is the key to all of them. Both poems and prose works followed the writer’s rhythm of existence. The presented images not so much extract the features of the city but rather refer to the author’s age, mood, and mental disposition. Another major factor that shaped the image of Venice in Iwaszkiewicz’s works were the conventional topoi consolidated in culture which build the artistic means of symbolising actual spaces. Iwaszkiewicz’s text, which developed for nearly sixty years is a praise of art understood, per modernist principles, in an absolutist manner.

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Orlob, G. T., A. E. Bale, H. Rajbhandari, and M. Malagoli. "Modeling Effects of Tidal Barrier Closure of Venice Lagoon." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 6 (September 1, 1991): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0151.

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As a combined result of land subsidence and sea level rise in the vicinity of the City of Venice there has been a net decrease in the difference between the mean elevations of land and sea of about 30 centimetres over the past century. This has resulted in an increased incidence of flooding in Venice with occasional disastrous consequences, as in November 1966 when storm and tide conditions combined to flood the Piazza San Marco to depths exceeding one metre. Among the solutions proposed to solve the flooding problem is a modular tidal barrier that is designed to close the three major entrances to the shallow lagoon in which Venice is situated. Because the lagoon is highly eutrophic and circulation is driven primarily by the tide in the Adriatic Sea, there is concern that operation of the barriers could exacerbate an already serious problem of pollution. The lagoon currently receives the untreated waste water from Venice with an organic loading equivalent to more than 400,000 persons during the tourist season, industrial discharges from the Port of Marghera, and non-point accretions of nutrients from adjacent agricultural areas. Preliminary investigation of the effects of the proposed barrier scheme using mathematical hydrodynamic and water quality models suggests that prolonged isolation of the lagoon from the sea, if this should become necessary for flood protection, may enhance primary production and induce unfavorable water quality conditions. This paper presents results of this investigation and offers suggestions for further refinement and application of the models to assist in the environmental impact assessment which must be performed prior to barrier construction.

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Sabil, N., D. Tagliapietra, and M‐A Coletti‐Previero. "Insoluble biodegradative potential of the venice lagoon." Environmental Technology 14, no. 11 (November 1993): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339309385386.

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Moret, I., R. Piazza, M. Benedetti, A. Gambaro, C. Barbante, and P. Cescon. "Determination of polychlorobiphenyls in Venice Lagoon sediments." Chemosphere 43, no. 4-7 (May 2001): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00407-0.

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Sanzeni, Alex, Andrew J. Whittle, John T. Germaine, and Francesco Colleselli. "Compression and Creep of Venice Lagoon Sands." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 138, no. 10 (October 2012): 1266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000696.

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DAMIANI, A. "Aspects of Eutrophication in the Venice Lagoon." Water and Environment Journal 6, no. 2 (March 1992): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00707.x.

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Rapaglia, John. "Submarine groundwater discharge into Venice Lagoon, Italy." Estuaries 28, no. 5 (October 2005): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02732909.

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Ammerman, A. J., C. E. McClennen, M. de Min, and R. Housley. "Sea-level change and the archaeology of early Venice." Antiquity 73, no. 280 (June 1999): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088268.

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The threatened city of Venice, plauged by rising sea levels and subsiding ground, has been the subject of recent archaeological investigation. Studies of buried archaeological sites yield new evidence on trends in sea-level change for the Lagoon of Venice and provide important insight into how early habitation responded to such change.

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Bernardi Aubry, Fabrizio, Francesco Acri, Gian Marco Scarpa, and Federica Braga. "Phytoplankton–Macrophyte Interaction in the Lagoon of Venice (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy)." Water 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102810.

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The coexistence of phytoplankton and macrophytes in the Lagoon of Venice (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) was investigated using in situ data collected monthly as part of International Long Term Ecosystem Research (LTER), together with satellite imagery for the period 1998–2017. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and hydrochemical parameters were measured in three areas of the lagoon, where the expansion of well-developed stands of submerged vegetation was observed by remote sensing. Our results suggest interaction between phytoplankton and macrophytes (macroalgae and seagrasses) in the last few years of the time series, evidenced by decreasing chlorophyll a concentrations in the vicinity of the macrophyte stands. The integration of LTER and remotely sensed data made it possible to evaluate the interaction of macrophytes and phytoplankton at the ecosystem scale for the first time in the Lagoon of Venice.

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Morabito, E., D. Contini, F. Belosi, A. M. Stortini, L. Manodori, and A. Gambaro. "Atmospheric Deposition of Inorganic Elements and Organic Compounds at the Inlets of the Venice Lagoon." Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/158902.

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The Venice Lagoon is subjected to long-range transport of contaminants via aerosol from the near Po Valley. Moreover, it is an area with significant local anthropogenic emissions due to the industrial area of Porto Marghera, the urban centres, and the glass factories and with emissions by ships traffic within the Lagoon. Furthermore, since 2005, the Lagoon has also been affected by the construction of the MOSE (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico—Electromechanical Experimental Module) mobile dams, as a barrier against the high tide. This work presents and discusses the results from chemical analyses of bulk depositions, carried out in different sites of the Venice Lagoon. Fluxes of pollutants were also statistically analysed on PCA with the aim of investigating the spatial variability of depositions and their correlation with precipitations. Fluxes of inorganic pollutants depend differently on precipitations, while organic compounds show a more seasonal trend. The statistical analysis showed that the site in the northern Lagoon has lower and almost homogeneous fluxes of pollutants, while the other sites registered more variable concentrations. The study also provided important information about the annual trend of pollutants and their evolution over a period of about five years, from 2005 to 2010.

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Coccon, Francesca, Stefano Borella, Nicola Simeoni, and Stefano Malavasi. "Floating rafts as breeding habitats for the Common tern, Sterna hirundo. Colonization patterns, abundance and reproductive success in Venice Lagoon." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 88, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2018.349.

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The Venice lagoon hosts the 15% of the entire Italian breeding population of Common terns, Sterna hirundo, highlighting the great value of the area for this species. However, in the last 25 years, a substantial decline of Common terns has been detected in the Lagoon, which culminated in 2008. The main causes of this negative trend were the loss of salt marsh habitats, where terns typically breed in the Venice lagoon. This was due to the increase in the mean sea level and the greater frequency of high tides during the reproductive period with consequent flooding of their breeding sites; competition with yellowlegged gulls (Larus michahellis), predation and human disturbance. As a preliminary experimental approach to counter the depletion of the species and favour its recovery, we performed a habitat loss compensation project by setting up four floating rafts (3x2m), covered by two different types of substrate (sandy and vegetal substrate). This was to function as an artificial nesting site safe from flooding, positioned in a protected internal wetland area of the Venice lagoon, Valle Averto (Sourthern Lagoon). We studied the colonization patterns of the rafts and the reproductive success of Common tern breeding pairs during the 2014 and 2015 breeding seasons. We also investigated those environmental and structural variables that could favour the use of the rafts and the nesting success of the species. In both years, the rafts were successfully colonized and used by terns for nesting. Our results also indicated higher temperature, lower rainfall and greater distance from the shore as the main habitat factors favouring the occurrence and the reproductive success of the breeding pairs, while a windrow of dead plants was indicated as the preferred substrate for covering rafts in order to make them more attractive. The results provided some suggestions for successful restoration plans to be developed in similar lagoon areas.

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Zirino, Alberto, Hany Elwany, Carlos Neira, Francesco Maicu, Guillermo Mendoza, and Lisa A. Levin. "Salinity and its variability in the Lagoon of Venice, 2000–2009." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 5, no. 1 (April 4, 2014): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2014.5350.

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Yearly averages computed from monthly and bimonthly salinity data collected between 2000 and 2009 from 13 broadly spaced stations in the Venice Lagoon were analysed in view of 30 min data collected semi-continuously during 2009 at nine similarly located stations. Data from all stations and all years indicate that, based on yearly averages, the lagoon may be divided along its major (long) axis into three areas: 1) a northern, freshwater impacted area (S = 32 PSU of low, tidally-caused, variability, and 3) an intermediate zone. Salinity changes are closely associated with rainfall events, and the incoming freshwater is consistently distributed throughout the lagoon by tidal action. Much variability is simply a result of the forward and backward motion of the tides and is not caused by a salinity change in the water itself. The consistency of the 2000–2009 data and the historical (to 1961) watershed record support the hypothesis that the Venice Lagoon has been and is currently at steady-state with respect to its salinity distribution. As such, it is conducive to the development of (at least) three separate ecosystems.

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Sfriso, Andrea Augusto, Yari Tomio, Abdul-Salam Juhmani, Adriano Sfriso, Cristina Munari, and Michele Mistri. "Macrophytes: A Temporary Sink for Microplastics in Transitional Water Systems." Water 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 3032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213032.

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Marine macrophytes are hypothesized to be a major temporary sink for microplastics. In this study, microplastic contamination was investigated in 15 macroalgal species and one seagrass from different sites in two lagoons of the northern Adriatic Sea: the Goro lagoon and the Venice lagoon. A high percentage (94%) of the macrophyte samples contained microplastics, ranging from 0.16 to 330 items g−1 fw, with the prevalent size in the range 30–90 µm and an average contamination per unit of fresh weight of 14 items g−1 fw. Microplastic contamination displayed a site-specific, rather than a species-specific, pattern of accumulation. In addition, exopolysaccharides (EPS) displayed a significant positive correlation with the microplastics ononcontamination on macrophytes acting as glue for the plastic particles available in the water column.

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40

Acri, Francesco, Federica Braga, and Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry. "Long-term dynamics in nutrients, chlorophyll a and water quality parameters in the Lagoon of Venice." Scientia Marina 84, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05022.30a.

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Since 1997, CNR-ISMAR has been collecting monthly hydrochemical and phytoplankton data in the northern and central basins of the Lagoon of Venice. The data have been part of the International Long-Term Ecosystem Research (LTER) database since 2007, helping to fill a gap in lagoon environmental studies. Analysing our time series (1998-2017), we were able to observe a rise in water temperature due to climate trends, a reduction in trophic status mainly due to the lower input of inorganic dissolved nitrogen nutrients and an increase in transparency and dissolved oxygen related to the increased biomass of macrophytes (macroalgae and seagrasses). Finally, a reduction in phytoplankton biomass and an accompanying increase in seagrass and macroalgal cover were observed. Present and future studies will help to evaluate the ways in which the Lagoon of Venice ecosystem responds to anthropogenic pressures and global climate change.

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41

Cochran, JK, M. Frignani, DJ Hirschberg, and C. Barnes. "Thorium isotopes as indicators of scavenging rates in the Venice Lagoon." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 1 (1995): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950215.

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The naturally occurring thorium isotopes 228Th and 234Th, produced in sea water from decay of 228Ra and 238U, respectively, were used to estimate the rate of scavenging onto particle surfaces and the rate of removal of particles from the water column of the Venice Lagoon. Large water samples (1000-2000 L) were collected at three sites in the shallow (<1 m) waters of the lagoon. Samples were pumped through two 0.5-μm wound filter cartridges to remove particles and then through two MnO2-impregnated cartridges to extract dissolved Th. Activities of particulate 234Th ranged from 510 to 1335 μBq L-1 and dissolved 234Th was <350 μBq L-1. Relative to calculated 238U activities in the lagoon, the 234Th data yielded mean residence times as short as 2 h for the scavenging of dissolved 234Th onto particles and 12 h for the removal of particulate 234Th. Resuspension rates of 0.6 to 8 mg cm-2 day-1 were estimated from the data on dissolved and particulate 234Th, these values being comparable to those determined by sediment traps (1.8-9.5 mg cm-2 day-1) at the same sites. These results suggest that Th and other similarly reactive trace metals are removed rapidly from the waters of the Venice Lagoon to the sediments.

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Trovò, F. "THE UNESCO SITE “VENICE AND ITS LAGOON”: CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION POLICIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-559-2020.

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Abstract. The paper focuses on cultural heritage protection policies for the Unesco site of Venice and in particular on recent actions and guidelines carried out and elaborated by the Superintendence for Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the City of Venice and Lagoon, one of the leading stakeholders in the protection of the site. The paper also highlights the negative impact of social and anthropological factors on the cultural heritage and identity of Venice, especially in areas with minor architecture, outside major tourist routes. It illustrates the social and technical transformations in construction, trade, housing, historical and their impact on the cultural heritage and landscape and considers potential strategies that address these concerns. It further examines the specific problems and obstacles that hinder these policies, evidencing how they can only be addressed through targeted actions by the municipal administration and other stakeholders.

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Martini, P., L. Carniello, and C. Avanzi. "Two dimensional modelling of flood flows and suspended sedimenttransport: the case of the Brenta River, Veneto (Italy)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2004): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-165-2004.

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Abstract. The paper presents a numerical model for the simulation of flood waves and suspended sediment transport in a lowland river basin of North Eastern Italy. The two dimensional depth integrated momentum and continuity equations are modified to take into account the bottom irregularities that strongly affect the hydrodynamics in partially dry areas, as for example, in the first stages of an inundation process or in tidal flow. The set of equations are solved with a standard Galerkin finite element method using a semi-implicit numerical scheme where the effects of both the small channel network and the regulation devices on the flood wave propagation are accounted for. Transport of suspended sediment and bed evolution are coupled with the hydrodynamics using an appropriate form of the advection-dispersion equation and Exner's equation. Applications to a case study are presented in which the effects of extreme flooding on the Brenta River (Italy) are examined. Urban and rural flood risk areas are identified and the effects of a alleviating action based on a diversion channel flowing into Venice Lagoon are simulated. The results show that this solution strongly reduces the flood risk in the downstream areas and can provide an important source of sediment for the Venice Lagoon. Finally, preliminary results of the sediment dispersion due to currents and waves in the Venice Lagoon are presented.

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Teatini, Pietro, Giovanni Isotton, Stefano Nardean, Massimiliano Ferronato, Annamaria Mazzia, Cristina Da Lio, Luca Zaggia, et al. "Hydrogeological effects of dredging navigable canals through lagoon shallows. A case study in Venice." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 11 (November 15, 2017): 5627–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5627-2017.

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Abstract. For the first time a comprehensive investigation has been carried out to quantify the possible effects of dredging a navigable canal on the hydrogeological system underlying a coastal lagoon. The study is focused on the Venice Lagoon, Italy, where the port authority is planning to open a new 10 m deep and 3 km long canal to connect the city passenger terminal to the central lagoon inlet, thus avoiding the passage of large cruise ships through the historic center of Venice. A modeling study has been developed to evaluate the short (minutes), medium (months), and long (decades) term processes of water and pollutant exchange between the shallow aquifer system and the lagoon, possibly enhanced by the canal excavation, and ship wakes. An in-depth characterization of the lagoon subsurface along the channel has supported the numerical modeling. Piezometer and sea level records, geophysical acquisitions, laboratory analyses of groundwater and sediment samples (chemical analyses and ecotoxicity testing), and the outcome of 3-D hydrodynamic and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models have been used to set up and calibrate the subsurface multi-model approach. The numerical outcomes allow us to quantify the groundwater volume and estimate the mass of anthropogenic contaminants (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se) likely leaked from the nearby industrial area over the past decades, and released into the lagoon from the canal bed by the action of depression waves generated by ships. Moreover, the model outcomes help to understand the effect of the hydrogeological layering on the propagation of the tidal fluctuation and salt concentration into the shallow brackish aquifers underlying the lagoon bottom.

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Pojana, Giulio, Angela Bonfà, Francesco Busetti, Anna Collarin, and Antonio Marcomini. "ESTROGENIC POTENTIAL OF THE VENICE, ITALY, LAGOON WATERS." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, no. 8 (2004): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/03-222.

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Sfriso, A., R. Donazzolo, C. Calvo, and A. A. Orio. "Field resuspension of sediments in the Venice lagoon." Environmental Technology 12, no. 4 (April 1991): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339109385018.

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Vecchiato, Marco, Simone Cremonese, Elena Gregoris, Elena Barbaro, Andrea Gambaro, and Carlo Barbante. "Fragrances as new contaminants in the Venice lagoon." Science of The Total Environment 566-567 (October 2016): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.198.

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Del Bello, Lou. "Venice anti-flood gates could wreck lagoon ecosystem." Nature 564, no. 7734 (November 29, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07372-3.

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Barbini, R., F. Colao, R. Fantoni, A. Palucci, and S. Ribezzo. "Shipborne laser remote sensing of the Venice lagoon." International Journal of Remote Sensing 20, no. 12 (January 1999): 2405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014311699212092.

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Frignani, Mauro, L. G. Bellucci, C. Carraro, and S. Raccanelli. "Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the Venice Lagoon." Chemosphere 43, no. 4-7 (May 2001): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00408-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lagoon of Venice'

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