Dissertations / Theses: 'Lagos.Dental public health'

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Sowole, Adejumobi A. "Patient satisfaction with care provided by a district dental clinic." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2444.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
Patient satisfaction is critical for the growth of oral health service and practice. The present study was a descriptive study on patient satisfaction with oral health care provided by a district dental clinic. The aim of the study was to determine whether patients attending the dental clinic of the Lagos State University hospital were satisfied with the care they received.
South Africa

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Adanri, Olubunmi A. "Maternal Health Literacy, Antenatal Care, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Lagos, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282020.

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Maternal mortality, an example of poor maternal health outcomes, is widely accepted as an indicator of the overall health of a population. One of the Millennium Development Goals was reduction in maternal mortality by 3 quarters by 2015. These goals were not met in Nigeria and it is important to look at some of the reasons why. Education has been shown to have positive impact on pregnancy outcomes; however, the characteristics of pregnant women, their health literacy level, their usage of antenatal care services and how these impact pregnancy outcomes are yet to be analyzed in Lagos, Nigeria. Guided by the social cognitive theory and health belief model, the purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to determine if there is a relationship between maternal health literacy, antenatal care visits, development of medical conditions during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes (measured by healthy or unhealthy baby) in Lagos, Nigeria. The research question for this study tested if there was a relationship between these variables. Lisa Chew’s health literacy assessment tool was used in a sample of 130 women in Shomolu local government in Nigeria who met the inclusion criteria. Using binary logistic correlations, only problems developed during pregnancy is statistically significant with pregnancy outcomes (p < .05). The results suggested an increase in problems developed during pregnancy most likely will increase the chance of having negative pregnancy outcomes. Results from this study could promote positive social change by helping health professionals identify the characteristics of at-risk women during antenatal education sessions. The results could also help health professionals in the development of targeted antenatal care interventions.

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Salako, Smith Grace. "Compliance of Caregivers with Polio Vaccine Dosages and Timelines in Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10285466.

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Caregivers’ compliance with polio vaccine regimens and timely receipt of the recommended 4 doses of polio vaccine are pivotal to eliminating polio. This cross sectional study, conducted in Lagos State, Nigeria, examined polio vaccine compliance and demographic attributes of caregivers’ for statistically significant associations. Using an adapted health belief model theoretical framework, 1,200 participants were recruited from well-baby clinics in 8 local government areas in Lagos State. Participants completed a brief demographic survey providing data on caregivers’ age, gender, residence (rural or urban), and their level of education as well as records from their children’s immunization cards. Data obtained were tested for associations between caregiver’s demographic information and their children’s receipt of polio doses within specified timelines using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Fisher’s exact analysis were conducted for variables with frequencies less than 5. The only significant association recorded was between the receipt of Polio Dose A and location of caregivers’ residence: Rural dwelling caregivers were less likely to receive the first dose of polio. Results showed Polio Dose D to be the dose most likely received in an untimely manner as well as most likely missed of the 4 doses. Logistic regression analysis did not show any variable to be of greater odds in predicting completion of the 4 doses or compliance with timelines of their receipt. Study’s results may inspire polio program planners to develop interventions that broaden the immunization coverage for rural dwellers to include nontraditional maternity locations. Positive social change will ensue by the improvement caregivers’ compliance with full polio dose receipts with timelines, maximizing immunity.

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Oliveira, Deise Cruz. "Minimally invasive dentistry approach in dental public health." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1047.

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Dental caries is the main reason for placement and replacement of restorations (Keene, 1981). More than 60 percent of dentists' restorative time is spent replacing existing restorations. The replacement of restorations can result in a cavity preparation larger than its predecessor which leads to weakening of the remaining tooth structure (Mjör, 1993). Considering the traditional surgical dental caries management philosophy, it was based on "extension for prevention" and restorative material needs rather than on preserving the healthy tooth structure (Black, 1908). In the 1970s, the surgical dental paradigm began shifting to a new approach for caries management: Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID). It was based on the medical model that prioritizes caries risk assessment, early caries detection, remineralization of tooth structure, and especially preservation of tooth structure through minimal intervention in the placement and replacement of restorations (Yamaga et al, 1972). The minimal intervention paradigm emphasizes use of adhesive restorative materials in order to minimize the size of cavity preparation (Murdoch-Kinch & McLean, 2003). Hence, a cross-sectional study using an online survey instrument (30-item) was conducted among National Network for Oral Health Access (NNOHA) and American Association Community Dental Programs (AACDP) members. Besides demographics, the survey addressed the following items using a 5-point Likert scale: knowledge, attitudes and behavior concerning MID among general practitioners. Specific questions focused on practitioner and practice characteristics, previous training and knowledge of MID, knowledge use of restorative, diagnostic and preventive techniques and whether MID was considered to meet the standard of care in the U.S., which was the main outcome of the study. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and two-Sample t-test were used to identify factors associated with beliefs that MID meets the standard of care. Overall, 86% believed MID met the standard of care for primary teeth, and 77% believed this for permanent teeth. The study found that those with more favorable opinions of fluoride to be more likely to believe MID met the standard of care, but no demographic or practice characteristics were associated MID standard of care beliefs.

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Thorson, Rhonda R. "Dunn County comprehensive health assessment Phase II physical and dental health /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002thorsonr.pdf.

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Koopu, Pauline Irihaere, and n/a. "Kia pakari mai nga niho : oral health outcomes, self-report oral health measures and oral health service utilisation among Maori and non-Maori." University of Otago. School of Dentistry, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.152634.

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Health is determined by the past as well as the present; the health status of indigenous peoples has been strongly influnced by the experience of colonisation and their subsequent efforts to participate as minorities in contemporary society while retaining their own ethnic and cultural identities. Colonial journays may have led to innovation and adaptation for Maori, but they have also created pain and suffering from which full recovery has yet to be felt (Durie, 2001). The oral health area can be described as having considerable and unacceptable disparities between Maori and non-Maori (Broughton 1995; Thomson, Ayers and Broughton 2003). Few reports have been conducted concerning Maori and patterns of oral health service utilisation, however a lower service utilisation among Maori than non-Maori has been noted (TPK 1996; Broughton and Koopu 1996). Overall, Maori oral health is largely unknown due to a paucity of appropriate research. This research aims to provide new information by describing Maori oral health outcomes over the life course, within a Kaupapa Maori Research (KMR) methodology. In general, the basic tenets presented for KMR are: (1) to prioritise Maori - from the margin to the centre; (2) to be Maori controlled - by Maori, for Maori; (3) to reject �victim-blame� theories; and (4) to be a step towards action and change in order to improve Maori oral health outcomes. The aims of this research are to: 1. Describe the occurrence of caris at ages 5, 15, 18 and 26 and periodontal disease at age 26 years for Maori. 2. Describe self-reported oral health, self-reported dental aesthetics and oral health service utilisation among Maori at ages 5, 15, 18 and 26. 3. Compare the above oral health characteristics between Maori and non-Maori . 4. Investigate the determinants of any differences in oral health outcomes between Māori and non-Maori using a KMR methodology. The investigation involves a secondary analysis of data from the Dunedin multidisciplinary Health and Development study (DMHDS). The existing data-set was statistically analysed using SPSS (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Descriptive statistics were generated. The levels of statistical significance were set at P< 0.05. Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions and independent sample t-tests or ANOVA were used for comparing means. A summary of the Maori/non-Maori analysis shows that, for a cohort of New Zealanders followed over their life-course, the oral health features of caries prevalence, caries severity, and periodonal disease prevalence are higher among Maori compared to non-Maori. In particular, it appears that while Maori females did not always have the highest prevalence of dental caries, this group most often had a higher dmfs/DMFS for dental caries, compared to non-Maori. As adolescents and adults, self-reported results of oral health and dental appearance indicate that Maori males were more likely to report below average oral health and below average dental appearance, when compared to non-Maori. However, at age 26, non-Maori males made up the highest proportion of episodic users of oral health services. This study has a number of health implications: these relate specifically to the management of dental caries, the access to oral health services, and Maori oral health and the elimination of disparities. These are multi-levelled and have implications for health services across the continuum of care from child to adult services; they also have public health implications that involve preventive measures and the broader determinants of health; and involve KMR principles than can be applied to oral health interventions and dental health research in general. Dental diseases and oral health outcomes, such as dental anxiety and episodic use of services, are a common problem in a cohort of New Zealanders with results demonstrating ethnic disparities between Maori and on-Maori. As an area of dentistry that has had very little research in New Zealand, the findings of this study provide important information with which to help plan for population needs. The KMR approach prioritises Maori and specifically seeks to address Maori oral health needs and the elimination of disparities in oral health outcomes. While the issues that are raised may be seen as the more difficult to address, they are also more likely to achieve oral health gains for Maori and contribute to the elimination of disparities.

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Salako, Smith Grace Olubunmi. "Compliance of Caregivers with polio vaccine Dosages and Timelines in Lagos State Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3918.

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Caregivers' compliance with polio vaccine regimens and timely receipt of the recommended 4 doses of polio vaccine are pivotal to eliminating polio. This cross sectional study, conducted in Lagos State, Nigeria, examined polio vaccine compliance and demographic attributes of caregivers' for statistically significant associations. Using an adapted health belief model theoretical framework, 1,200 participants were recruited from well-baby clinics in 8 local government areas in Lagos State. Participants completed a brief demographic survey providing data on caregivers' age, gender, residence (rural or urban), and their level of education as well as records from their children's immunization cards. Data obtained were tested for associations between caregiver's demographic information and their children's receipt of polio doses within specified timelines using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. Fisher's exact analysis were conducted for variables with frequencies less than 5. The only significant association recorded was between the receipt of Polio Dose A and location of caregivers' residence: Rural dwelling caregivers were less likely to receive the first dose of polio. Results showed Polio Dose D to be the dose most likely received in an untimely manner as well as most likely missed of the 4 doses. Logistic regression analysis did not show any variable to be of greater odds in predicting completion of the 4 doses or compliance with timelines of their receipt. Study's results may inspire polio program planners to develop interventions that broaden the immunization coverage for rural dwellers to include nontraditional maternity locations. Positive social change will ensue by the improvement caregivers' compliance with full polio dose receipts with timelines, maximizing immunity.

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8

Satur, Julie, and julie satur@deakin edu au. "Australian dental policy reform and the use of dental therapists and hygienists." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.115552.

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Oral diseases including dental caries and periodontal disease are among the most prevalent and costly diseases in Australia today. Around 5.4% of Australias health dollar is spent on dental services totalling around $2.6 billion, 84% of which are delivered through the private sector (AIHW 2001). The other 16% is spent providing public sector services in varied and inadequate ways. While disease rates among school children have declined significantly in the past 20 years the gains made among children are not flowing on to adult dentitions and our aging population will place increasing demands on an inadequate system into the future (AHMAC 2001). Around 50% of adults do not received regular care and this has implications for widening health inequalities as the greatest burden falls on lower income groups (AIHW DSRU 2001). The National Competition Policy agenda has initiated, Australia-wide, reviews of dental legislation applying to delivery of services by dentists, dental specialists, dental therapists and hygienists and dental technicians and prosthetists. The review of the Victorian Dentists Act 1972, was completed first in 1999, followed by the other Australian states with Queensland, the ACT and the Northern Territory still developing legislation. One of the objectives of the new Victorian Act is to promote access to dental care. This study has grown out of the need to know more about how dental therapists and hygienists might be utilised to achieve this and the legislative frameworks that could enable such roles. This study used qualitative methods to explore dental health policy making associated with strategies that may increase access to dental care using dental therapists and hygienists. The study used a multiple case study design to critically examine the dental policy development process around the Review of the Dentists Act 1972 in Victoria; to assess legislative and regulatory dental policy reforms in other states in Australia and to conduct a comparative analysis of dental health policy as it relates to dental auxiliary practice internationally. Data collection has involved (I) semi-structured interviews with key participants and stakeholders in the policy development processes in Victoria, interstate and overseas, and (ii) analysis of documentary data sources. The study has taken a grounded theory approach whereby theoretical issues that emerged from the Victorian case study were further developed and challenged in the subsequent interstate and international case studies. A component of this study has required the development of indicators in regulatory models for dental hygienists and therapists that will increase access to dental care for the community. These indicators have been used to analyse regulation reform and the likely impacts in each setting. Despite evidence of need, evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of dental therapists and hygienists, and the National Competition Policy agenda of increasing efficiency, the legislation reviews have mostly produces only minor changes. Results show that almost all Australian states have regulated dental therapists and hygienists in more prescriptive ways than they do dentists. The study has found that dental policy making is still dominated by the views of private practice dentists under elitist models that largely protect dentist authority, autonomy and sovereignty. The influence of dentist professional dominance has meant that governments have been reluctant to make sweeping changes. The study has demonstrated alternative models of regulation for dental therapists and hygienists, which would allow wider utilisation of their skills, more effective use of public sector funding, increased access to services and a grater focus on preventive care. In the light of theses outcomes, there is a need to continue to advocate for changes that will increase the public health focus of oral health care.

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Adanri, Olubunmi. "Maternal Health Literacy, Antenatal Care, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Lagos, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3651.

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Maternal mortality, an example of poor maternal health outcomes, is widely accepted as an indicator of the overall health of a population. One of the Millennium Development Goals was reduction in maternal mortality by 3 quarters by 2015. These goals were not met in Nigeria and it is important to look at some of the reasons why. Education has been shown to have positive impact on pregnancy outcomes; however, the characteristics of pregnant women, their health literacy level, their usage of antenatal care services and how these impact pregnancy outcomes are yet to be analyzed in Lagos, Nigeria. Guided by the social cognitive theory and health belief model, the purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to determine if there is a relationship between maternal health literacy, antenatal care visits, development of medical conditions during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes (measured by healthy or unhealthy baby) in Lagos, Nigeria. The research question for this study tested if there was a relationship between these variables. Lisa Chew's health literacy assessment tool was used in a sample of 130 women in Shomolu local government in Nigeria who met the inclusion criteria. Using binary logistic correlations, only problems developed during pregnancy is statistically significant with pregnancy outcomes (p < .05). The results suggested an increase in problems developed during pregnancy most likely will increase the chance of having negative pregnancy outcomes. Results from this study could promote positive social change by helping health professionals identify the characteristics of at-risk women during antenatal education sessions. The results could also help health professionals in the development of targeted antenatal care interventions.

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10

Tane, Helen Rose, and n/a. "The role of the dental therapist in New Zealand's public health system." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070507.114703.

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This study examines aspects of how dental therapy began and developed, since it was introduced as one of the first public health occupations in New Zealand, in 1921. Dental therapy began as dental nursing, and was introduced by visionary dentists in order to treat widespread dental disease within the New Zealand population. The occupation gained international recognition. Dental nurses performed their tasks under the direct supervision and direction of a public health dentist and the occupation was restricted to females and child-patients. Investigating issues that have influenced the development of dental therapy is critical in today�s climate. Background research in the thesis reveals an interplay of issues relating to gender, professional development and measures of how successful the occupation has been in relation to oral health need. The latter is particularly questionable for our indigenous people in New Zealand. How has the role of the dental therapist in New Zealand been utilised? Has the delivery of care been based on sound knowledge and dental need? Has the role progressed in order to provide effective and appropriate care within a publicly funded system? These issues are important issues, particularly when New Zealand�s dental therapy profession becomes one of the many health professions that will be affected by the new Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act when it is implented over the following year. In order to improve oral health for the population, it is vital that the dental therapist is appropriately and effectively utilised. How oral health workers perceive the past role and future role in achieving oral health gain is investigated in this study by using interviews and postal surveys, and the results are discussed. The findings show that the dental therapist has not always been utilised and developed using sound epidemiological evidence. Elements of professional protection by the dental profession coupled with depleted health funding rather than dental need have appeared as driving factors. Furthermore, the dental therapy profession has remained in a sub-ordinate role to the dental profession. The findings of this study show that a large number of the current dental therapy workforce do not feel that they are ready to provide dental care autonomously. Information in the thesis argues that past legislation and subordination to the dental profession has largely affected the development of dental therapy, and whether this has always assisted in improving oral health for the New Zealand population is questioned in this work. With a depleted number in the workforce, the role has become focussed on a reparative form of care, not one that promotes and improves oral health. This is not acceptable in a publicly funded system. Implementing changes to the dental therapy role must be undertaken, but undertaken with caution and based on progressive health-promoting ideology.

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Momen, Jennifer. "The Association between Early Dental Visits, Dental Outcomes, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in West Virginia Children." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10110159.

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Background and objectives: Early dental visits provide the opportunity to reduce the prevalence of early childhood caries through risk assessment, counseling, and provision of specific preventive measures. Despite the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry’s recommendation that the first dental visit should occur by 1 year of age, many children are not receiving care until much later. Evidence that early dental visits improve dental outcomes is vital to educate parents and health care providers. Hence, this study examined the association between a child’s age at the first dental visit and dental outcomes, parents’ awareness of the recommendation for the first dental visit, and perceived barriers to dental care. A secondary aim examined pediatric dentists’ perceived barriers to children’s early dental care in West Virginia.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from parents of children ≤ 6 years of age, and under the care of a pediatric dentist. Pearson correlation was used to examine the association between age at first dental visit and age at caries onset. Chi-square analyses were used to test the association between (1) age at first dental visit and history of caries, (2) age at first dental visit and history of an adverse dental outcome, and (3) reason for the first dental visit and history of an adverse dental outcome. A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate the extent to which age at the first dental visit explained caries history. For the qualitative study component, pediatric dentists responded to questions regarding barriers to the establishment of a dental home for West Virginia children.

Results: A significant association was noted between a child’s age at the first dental visit and age at caries onset, r (29) = 0.65, p <.0001 [95% CI=0.39, 0.82]. No significant association was noted between age at the first dental visit and history of caries, or between age at first visit and history of adverse outcome (p >.05). However, children whose first visit was for a problem with the teeth or mouth were significantly more likely to have had an adverse outcome, χ² (1, n = 160) = 7.60, p = .0058. The adjusted odds ratio for age at first dental visit in the logistic regression model predicting caries history was 1.10, [95% CI= 1.04, 1.17], p =.0013. Pediatric dentists perceived the limited dental workforce in West Virginia to be the greatest barrier to early dental visits for children.

Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates that parent reported dental outcomes may be useful in studies evaluating the association between early dental visits and dental outcomes. There remains a need to educate parents about the recommended first dental visit by age 1 year.

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Aljawad, Ayman. "Dental public health implications of novelty sweets consumption in children." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91950/.

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Statement of problem: The expansion of the novelty sweets market in the UK has major potential public health implications for children and young adults as they may cause dental erosion, dental caries and obesity. Aims and objective: To investigate the potential dental public health implications of novelty sweet consumption in children. The objectives of this study were to determine the available novelty sweets available to UK consumers, to determine the erosive potential of the most available novelty sweets, to establish the sensory thresholds in children and to determine any potential link between high sensory threshold individuals and their consumption of novelty sweets. Methodology: A list of the most commonly available novelty sweets was created by undertaking scoping visits of shops in the Cardiff area. Children’s use and knowledge of the ten most available novelty sweets were undertaken using focus groups, amongst 11-16 year old children. The focus groups informed the design of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 46 children aged 11-16 years during a sensory analysis assessment involving sensory taste thresholds for sweet and sour, assessed using the intensity ranking method. The pH of the ten most available novelty sweets was assessed using an electronic pH meter; the neutralisable acidity was measured by titration against 0.1M sodium hydroxide; an erosion test was conducted on human teeth using a surfometer; contact angles were measured using a Dynamic Contact Angle Analyser; the viscosity was measured using a rotational viscometer and sugar content of the sweets was measured using a refractometer. Results: A wide range of novelty sweets were available, accessible to children in 73% of shops with an average price of 96p. The children were all familiar with novelty sweets, they reported buying and consuming them regularly. The majority of children (65%) required higher amounts of sugar and citric acid than the absolute taste threshold to recognise the sweet and sour tastes. There was an inverse relationship between the preference of the novelty sweets and perception of sweet and sour sensory thresholds (p < 0.05). The pH of eight of the ten novelty sweets was significantly lower than the orange juice (p < 0.05). The neutralisable acidity of seven of the sweets was significantly higher than the orange juice (p < 0.05). The erosive potential of six novelty sweets was significantly higher than the erosive potential of the orange juice (p < 0.05). Delayed ultrasonication by 1 h, reduced the amount of subsurface enamel loss by 0.52-1.45μm in presence of saliva. Some of the acidic solutions had low contact angles, lower viscosity and higher sugar content than orange juice. Conclusions: A wide range of acidic and free sugar sweetened novelty sweets were easily accessible and affordable to children. Children reported consuming these sweets regularly. The high sensory taste thresholds perception for sweet and sour in children may potentially affect their consumption of novelty sweets. Those personnel involved in delivering dental and wider health education or health promotion need to be aware of and able to advise on current trends in sweet confectionary. The potential effects of these novelty sweets on both general and dental health require further investigation.

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Van, Wyk Candice. "Trends in dental caries prevalence and severity in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08222008-172346/.

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Brennan, David S. "Factors influencing the provision of dental services in private general practice /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb838.pdf.

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Dong, Mei 1966. "Oral health beliefs and dental health care-seeking behaviors among Chinese immigrants." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101114.

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Understanding culturally related health values and identifying ethnically specific health seeking pathways can help health care providers supply culturally competent services and enhance cooperation with patients of different backgrounds. Cultural competency training, notably through cultural awareness courses, promotes understanding of the impact of social factors on illness and thus prepares medical and dental students to better serve their patients. Cultural awareness can also help preventive health programs fit community needs and cultural contexts.
Despite the fact that Chinese immigrants are the fastest growing ethnic minority in North America, few studies have been published on their beliefs and health-seeking behaviours following immigration. We thus lack information on how Chinese immigrants regard dental health and manage their dental problems. Objective. The aims of this study were to explore how oral illness is viewed by Chinese immigrants in Montreal, Canada and how they manage dental problems. Methods. We conducted a qualitative research study based on semi-structured, one-on-one interviews and thematic analyses of the transcribed interviews. Twelve adult Montreal Chinese immigrants with a high level of education participated in the study.
Results. Chinese immigrants in Montreal have a good understanding of dental caries in terms of its etiology, process, and ways to prevent and treat it. It thus seems that there is no major cultural barrier between this type of immigrant and oral health care professionals in regard to dental caries. However, we also observed that traditional beliefs and medications coexist with scientific dental knowledge and professional treatments concerning problems such as gingival swelling, gingival bleeding, and bad breath. In the case of gingival swelling, for instance, participants identified etiological factors that referred to both cultures: local factors referred to oral hygiene and were related to scientific culture, whereas general factors referred to traditional knowledge ("internal fire"). Chinese immigrants' dental health seeking pathways include self-treatment, consulting a dentist in Canada or in China during a return visit, and obtaining Chinese traditional medicine. The dental health seeking pathways varied depending on the circumstances. For dental caries and other acute diseases such as toothache, Chinese immigrants prefer to consult a dentist. For chronic diseases, some of them rely on self-treatment or an alter-native treatment such as traditional Chinese medicine. The language barrier, financial problems and lack of trust are the main factors affecting Chinese immigrants' access to dental care services in Canada. Former bad medical or dental experience among Chinese immigrants causes a loss of trust in Western medicine and dentistry and influences the decision to seek alternative treatments.
Conclusion. This study suggests that, in order to facilitate dentist-patient communication; oral health professionals should be informed of immigrants' representation of oral health and illness, and that Chinese immigrants should be provided with basic scientific knowledge.

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Patino, Daisy. "Oral health knowledge and dental utilization among Hispanic adults in Iowa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1997.

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Objectives: To determine oral health literacy levels among Hispanic adults living in Iowa, and assess the relationship between oral health literacy and dental utilization. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of self-identifying Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants were recruited via mass email, word of mouth, and from faith-based organizations that provided church services in Spanish. Participants were recruited from urban and rural communities in Central and Eastern Iowa. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, in either English or Spanish, that contained questions pertaining to: oral health literacy, dental utilization, acculturation, language proficiency, demographic information, country of origin, number of years living in the United States, and preferences pertaining to the characteristics of their dental providers (e.g. importance of dentist to be able to speak Spanish). Oral health literacy was assessed using the Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (Macek and colleagues). Oral health knowledge levels were categorized as low (0-14) or high (15-23). Dental utilization was defined as visiting a dental provider within the past 12 months or more than 12 months ago. Bivariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test with oral health knowledge and dental utilization being the two main outcome variables. Multiple logistic regression models were created to identify the variables related to low oral health knowledge irregular dental utilization. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. IRB approval was obtained prior to conducting the study. Results: Three hundred thirty-eight participants completed the questionnaire. Sixty-seven percent of participants (n=228) completed the questionnaire in Spanish. The mean oral health knowledge score was 14 (low knowledge =51% vs. high knowledge = 49%). Thirty-five percent reported visiting the dentist <12 months ago. Bivariate analyses revealed that the following respondents were more likely to have low oral health knowledge (p<0.05): being older (i.e. 55-71 years of age), male, self-reporting low health literacy, having less than a high-school education, earning ≤$25,000, not having dental insurance, having low acculturation, being born outside of the United States, preferring a dental provider who speaks Spanish, perceiving one’s oral health to be fair/poor/or not knowing the status of one’s oral health, seeking dental care someplace other than a private dental office, and being more likely to seek care for a problem related visit rather than routine care. Having low oral health knowledge was statistically significantly associated visiting a dentist >12 months ago. Many other variables were also associated (p<;0.05) with infrequent dental utilization: low health literacy, being male, having <12th grade degree or a high school diploma, earning ≤$25,000, not having dental insurance, having low acculturation, reporting fewer years living in the United States, preferring a dental provider who speaks Spanish, perceiving one’s oral health to be fair/poor/or not knowing the status of one’s oral health, and seeking dental care someplace other than a private dental office. Final logistic regression analyses indicated that having less than a 12th grade education, lack of dental insurance, and a preference for receiving care from a Spanish speaking dental provider were associated with low oral health literacy. Furthermore, final logistic regression results predicting irregular dental utilization demonstrated that the following variables were statistically significant: being male, earning ≤$25,000 per year, not having dental insurance and having a history of tooth decay. Conclusion: Dental utilization and oral health knowledge appear to be associated. Patients with low oral health literacy may be less likely to utilize dental care, thus decreasing the opportunity to increase dental knowledge. Dental teams should recognize which patients are more likely to have low oral health literacy and provide dental education in patients’ preferred language.

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Ahuja, Vinti. "Oral health related quality of life among Iowa adolescents." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4943.

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Our study involved secondary analyses of the oral health-related quality of life data collected in the Iowa Fluoride Study at the 17-year time-point. Both adolescents and their parents filled out questionnaires related to the assessment of the OHRQoL of the adolescents. In addition, adolescents also underwent clinical examination to assess dental caries, dental fluorosis, orthodontic characteristics, and non-fluoride opacities. Dental casts were also made with the assent of the participants. These casts were later used to estimate the social acceptability of the participants' dental appearance and assess their malocclusion severity, using the Dental Aesthetic Index (Cons et al, 1978). This study assessed the relationships between the OHRQoL of Iowa adolescents and the presence of selected oral conditions, such as dental caries, dental fluorosis, and malocclusion. Based on the multivariable analyses, dental caries and malocclusion severity (reflected by DAI score) were the two oral conditions that were found to be significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL in adolescents. In addition, the influence of sex on adolescents' perceptions of OHRQoL was found to be statistically significant in our study and being female was associated with poorer OHRQoL. The findings of our study corroborate the results of other investigations that have demonstrated significant associations between: i) dental caries and OHRQoL (Arrow P, 2013; Barbosa et al, 2013; Bastos et al, 2012; Castro et al,2010; Do and Spencer, 2007; Martinis et al, 2012); ii) malocclusion and OHRQoL (Foster Page et al., 2005; Do and Spencer, 2007; Locker et al, 2007; Bernabe et al, 2008; Agou et al, 2008; O'Brien et al, 2006; Feu et al, 2010; Ukra et al, 2013); and iii) sex and OHRQoL (Foster Page et al, 2005; Calis et al, 2009; Bos et al, 2010; Barbosa et al, 2013; Ukra et al, 2013). Thus, oral conditions such as dental caries and malocclusion can be a source of stress and can have a negative impact on the life of an individual and can impede their ability to succeed. Females tend to be more sensitive to the negative impact of oral health conditions. Thus, in order to better understand the impact of oral health conditions, subjective measures should be used in conjunction with normative measures or clinical measures of assessing oral health. This can help in better treatment planning, and better allocation of resources, as oral health perceptions can vary for different individuals.

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Serna, Claudia A. "Exploring Oral Health Problems in Adult Hispanic Migrant Farmworkers: A Mixed-Methods Approach." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1593.

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This mixed-methods study examined patterns of dental health care utilization in adult Hispanic migrant farmworkers (AHMFW) with special emphasis on non-compliance with the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Dental Hygienists Association (ADHA) recommendation of visiting the dentist at least once a year; while also exploring the group’s social and cultural construction of oral health. A total of 278 farmworkers responded to a close ended survey. Binary and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were employed in identifying predisposing, enabling, and needs factors associated with non-compliance. Following the survey, fourteen ethnographic interviews were conducted with respondents who volunteered to participate in this phase of the study. Most participants (79.5%) were non-compliant with the ADA and the ADHA recommendation. Binary logistic regression results indicated that AHFW reporting need for dental treatment were compliant with the recommendation. In contrast, those who brushed their teeth more often, experienced oral health impact, and reported poor perception of their mouth condition were non-compliant. Hierarchical logistic regression results pointed to those who used floss and reported need for dental treatment as compliant with the recommendation. Participants reporting poor perception of their mouth condition were non-compliant. Eight themes emerged from the qualitative analysis (understanding of the mouth, meaning of oral health, history of dental care; dental problems, barriers to dental care, caring of the teeth/mouth, medications, oral health quality of life). Farmworkers were knowledgeable of oral health, however, this knowledge, particularly the practice of brushing twice a day, made them less likely to seek regular dental care. Ultimately, a dental visit hinged on their limited finances, lack of dental insurance, and family responsibilities. Together, these decreased access to preventive dental services and increased risk of experiencing oral health problems.

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Rasheed, Tajudeen Olusegun. "Safety Practices on Lead Poisoning Among Battery Technicians in Lagos Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4018.

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Maintaining due diligence on safety practices at the workplace of battery technicians is the most cost-effective intervention against lead-related hazards. The safety practice on lead poisoning in Nigeria is below average, and the compliance level is far from the expected target of 90%. Using Dejoy's workplace self-protective behavior theory, this study investigated multilevel factors that influence safety practices on lead poisoning and compared the rate of utilization of personal protective equipment by battery technicians in the organized and roadside settings. The study was a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, and a multistage and systematic sampling technique was used to select 293 adult battery technicians aged 18 years and above. Hypotheses were tested with chi-square and multivariate logistic regressions at the significant level of p < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. The outcome of the safety practice status of battery technicians is 20%, and the rate of utilization of personal protective equipment is 18% in Lagos, Nigeria. Findings revealed that workplace conditions, blood lead levels, knowledge, education, and the rate of utilization of personal protective equipment are predictors of the safety practice status of battery technicians. There was no significant difference between battery technicians in the organized and roadside setting considering the perceived risk of lead poisoning and utilization of personal protective equipment. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations for battery technicians to use the evolved alternative safety approaches to reduce lead-related hazards. Public health professional and policymakers should invest resources towards reducing the impact of lead poisoning on battery technicians at the workplace.

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Broughton, John, and n/a. "Oranga niho : a review of Maori oral health service provision utilising a kaupapa maori methodology." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070404.165406.

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The goal of this study was to review Maori oral health services utilising a kaupapa Maori framework. The aims of the study were to identify the issues in the development, implementation and operation of Maori dental health services within each of the three types of Maori health providers (mainstream, iwi-based, partnership). The three Maori oral health services are: (i) Te Whare Kaitiaki, University of Otago Dental School, Dunedin. (ii) Te atiawa Dental Service, New Plymouth. (iii) Tipu Ora Dental Service, in partnership with the School Dental Service, Lakeland Health, Rotorua. Method: A literature review of kaupapa Maori research was undertaken to provide the Maori framework under which this study was conducted. The kaupapa Maori methodology utilised the following criteria: (i) Rangatiratanga: The assertion of Maori leadership; (ii) Whakakotahitanga: A holistic approach incorporating Te Whare Tapa Wha; (iii) Whakapapa: The origins and development of oranga niho; (iv) Whakawhanuitanga: Recognising and catering for the diverse needs of Maori; (iv) Whanaungatanga: Culturally appropriate forms of relationship management; (v) Maramatanga: Raising Maori awareness, health promotion and education; and (vi) Whakapakiri: Recognising the need to the build capacity of Maori health providers. Ethical approval was granted by the Otago, Bay of Plenty and Taranaki Ethics Committees to undertake interviews and focus groups with Maori oral health providers in Dunedin, Rotorua and New Plymouth. Information was also sought from advisors and policy analysts within the Ministry of Health. A valuable source of information was hui korero (speeches and/or discussion at Maori conferences). An extensive literature was undertaken including an historical search of material from private archives and the now defunct Maori Health Commission. Results: An appropriate kaupapa Maori methodology was developed which provided a Maori framework to collate, describe, organise and present the information on Maori oral health. In te ao tawhito (the pre-European world of the Maori) there was very little if any dental decay. In te ao hou (the contemporary world of the Maori) Maori do not enjoy the same oral health status as non-Maori across all age groups. The reasons for this health disparity are multifactorial but include the social determinants of health, life style factors and the under-utilisation of health services. In order to address the disparities in Maori oral health, Maori providers have been very eager to establish kaupapa Maori oral health services. The barriers to the development, implementation, and operation of a kaupapa Maori oral health service are many and varied and include access to funding, and racism. Maori health providers have overcome the barriers through two strategies: firstly, the establishment of relationships within both the health sector and the Maori community; and secondly, through their passion and commitment to oranga niho mo te iwi Maori (oral health for all Maori). The outcome of this review will contribute to Maori health gain through the recognition of appropriate models and strategies which can be utilised for the future advancement of Maori oral health services, and hence to an improvement in Maori oral health status. Conclusion: This review of Maori oral health services has found that there are oral health disparities between Maori and non-Maori New Zealanders. In an effort to overcome these disparities Maori have sought to provide kaupapa Maori oral health services. Whilst there is a diversity in the provision of Maori oral health services, kaupapa Maori services have been developed that are appropriate, effective, accessible and affordable. They must have the opportunity to flourish.

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Magner, MaryBeth. "The Effects of Managed Care on the Quality of Dental Hygiene Care." TopSCHOLAR®, 1998. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/344.

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Managed care has become a prominent mechanism for insuring dental care. Empirical research suggests that managed dental plans provide lower quality care to patients. However, few studies have specifically addressed the effects of managed care on the quality of dental hygiene care. Thus, in this study the researcher examines whether dental hygienists deliver a lower level of treatment to managed care patients than to those who are not subject to managed care. Questionnaire data were gathered from 193 members of the American Dental Hygienists' Association residing in the Chicago area. The primary independent variable, managed care, was measured with an item that asked the respondents to indicate the percentage of patients they treat that are insured by a managed dental plan. The questionnaire also contained items that measured the frequency in which the respondents perform 23 tasks that are indicators of quality of dental hygiene care. Principal components factor analysis of these 23 items yielded the study's two dependent variables: periodontal procedures and appointment time. Regression analysis of the data revealed a significant negative relationship between managed care and appointment time. This relationship may be attributable to an economic incentive on the part of dentist-employers who control the amount of time scheduled for dental hygienists' patients. Dentist-employers may reduce the time available for managed care patients in order to allow longer appointments for more profitable fee-for-service patients. The study results did not support the notion that managed care affects the extent to which dental hygienists perform periodontal procedures. These mixed results suggest that future research should examine the relationships between managed care and other aspects of quality of dental hygiene care not addressed in the current study.

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Gannam, Camille Vera. "Social Determinants and Behavior Characteristics of Families Seeking Emergency Dental Care for Child Dental Pain." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467852992.

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Rowell, Olivia. "ETSU Dental Hygiene Students’ Interest in and Perceived Preparedness for Nontraditional or Expanded Roles after Graduation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/452.

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Purpose This study assessed ETSU dental hygiene students’ perceptions and attitudes toward their careers after graduation in relation to underserved populations’ lack of access to dental care and nontraditional roles for dental hygienists. Methods A voluntary simple survey was used to assess the following: dental hygiene students’ exposure to and knowledge about underserved populations and nontraditional roles for dental hygienists, students’ favor or opposition toward these nontraditional roles, students’ interest in nontraditional roles, and students’ perceived preparedness to work outside of a traditional dental office in nontraditional roles to provide care for underserved populations. The survey data was aggregated and analyzed within the general context of the ETSU Dental Hygiene Program, and differences in responses based upon student classification were investigated using an independent samples t test. Results Between classes, a significant difference was seen in the responses for seven questions, all of which addressed either students’ knowledge about underserved populations and corresponding solutions to the lack of access to care or students’ perceived preparedness for nontraditional roles after graduation. The majority of the dental hygiene students responded as being in favor or completely in favor of expanded or nontraditional roles for dental hygienists and as being interested or highly interested in functioning in such roles. However, 88.89% of participants reported that they were either likely or highly likely to choose private practice as their primary place of employment. Conclusion The senior dental hygiene students both possess higher levels of knowledge about underserved populations and nontraditional roles for dental hygienists and feel more prepared to function in nontraditional roles after graduation than do the junior dental hygiene students. The program could consider focus areas, such as the reason for students’ high interest in nontraditional roles and simultaneous high likelihood to work primarily in private practice and ways to address this discrepancy.

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Noueihed, Cherine. "An investigation of the effect of neighbourhood characteristics on traumatic dental injuries among a sample of Quebec children." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40724.

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Introduction: Evidence suggests that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with health; however, this association has not been fully explored in regards to Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) in Quebec. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with TDI to permanent anterior teeth in children participating in the QUALITY cohort. Methods: Study participants (N=279) include children 8-10 years of age at risk of obesity, and their families. TDI was clinically evaluated using the same criteria of the Children's Dental Health Survey’s questionnaire, UK. Questionnaires completed by children and their parents collected data on socio-demographic, behavioural and environmental factors. Results: The prevalence of TDI was 12.9%. Children with incisal overjet greater than 5mm, from high socioeconomic backgrounds, and residing in neighbourhoods with high levels of social capital were more likely to have TDI. Conclusion: Neighbourhood characteristics, such as social capital and socioeconomic status may be associated with TDI experience.
Introduction: Des études ont démontré que les caractéristiques des quartiers étaient associées à la santé; toutefois, cette association n'a pas été complètement explorée en regard du trauma dentaire (TD) au Québec. Objectifs: Évaluer la prévalence de TD ainsi que les facteurs associés au TD sur les dents antérieures chez les enfants participants à la cohorte QUALITY. Méthodes: Les participants (N=279) étaient des enfants, âgés de 8 à 10 ans et ayant un risque élevé de développer l'obésité, ainsi que leurs familles. TD a été cliniquement évalué en utilisant les mêmes critères du questionnaire de l'Enquête de Santé Dentaire des Enfants du Royaume-Uni. Les questionnaires complétés par les enfants et leurs parents ont permis de recueillir des données sociodémographiques, comportement mentales et environnementales. Résultats: La prédominance de TD s’élevait à 12.9 %. Les enfants ayant un surjet incisal plus grand que 5 millimètres, une position socioéconomique élevée et résidant dans les quartiers avec un niveau de capital social élevé étaient plus à risque de TD. Conclusion: Les caractéristiques des quartiers tels que le capital social et le statut socioéconomique pourraient être associées avec le TD.

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Dean, Lesa. "Dental Care in Long-Term Care Facilities of Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2252.

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Many physical changes occur as one ages, including changes associated with the oral cavity. A review of the literature suggests that the provision of dental care to institutionalized elderly patients presents problems due to a variety of factors. The purpose of this study is to assess the level or dental care provided to residents of long-term care facilities located in Warren County, Kentucky. In addition, secondary objectives Include the ascertainment of who provides dental care to residents and the amount or in-service dental training made available to staff members of the facility. Each administrator of the long term care facilities located in Warren County participated in an *interview conducted by the author. During the interview, information was obtained for a 21 item questionnaire concerning the facility, the number and age range or the residents, and types of dental services provided within the facility. Results obtained from the questionnaire indicated that 77 percent or the residents in long-tern care facilities in Warren County are 70 years of age or older. No significant differences were noted in the types or dental services provided to residents. However, the dental services provided ranged from those that were obtained in a private dental office via transportation or the resident to outside dental facilities to routine oral hygiene measures carried out by staff members employed by the facility. The findings revealed significant differences in the dental status of the MRDD residents when compared to the nursing home residents. Other findings indicated that none of the long-term care facilities had dental operatories or dental radiographic equipment on the premises. Additional research would be required in order to address uncertainties discovered in the study. A followup to the questionnaire Interview with the consulting dentists may be included to determine to what capacity and to what extent they are utilized by the facilities. Other recommendations include the utilization of entrance dental examinations to determine if services offered do meet the needs of the residents and periodic dental examinations to aid in detection and thus reduce the prevalence of dental diseases in this population.

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Reynolds, Julie Christine. "Neighborhood and family social capital and oral health status of children in Iowa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5048.

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Oral health disparities in children is an important public health issue in the United States. A growing body of evidence exists supporting the social determinants of oral health, moving beyond individual predictors of disease to family- and community-level influences. The goal of this study is to examine one such social determinant, social capital, at the family and neighborhood levels and their relationships with oral health in Iowa children. A statewide representative data source, the 2010 Iowa Child and Family Household Health Survey, was analyzed cross-sectionally for child oral health status as the outcome, a four-item index of neighborhood social capital and four separate indicators for family social capital as the main predictors, and seven covariates. Soda consumption was checked as a potential mediator between the social capital variables and oral health status. A significant association was found between oral health status and the neighborhood social capital index (p=0.005) and family frequency of eating meals together (p=0.02) after adjusting for covariates. Neighborhood social capital and family function, a component of family social capital, may independently influence child oral health outcomes.

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Rimkuvienė, Jūratė. "Attitudes towards infection control among dental health care professionals." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110630_133927-98023.

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The oral flora is one of the most ecologically diverse microbial populiations known to man. It has been proved that any dental intervention: dental preparation, professional oral hygiene, extraction of teeth, regular prophylactic examination of patient‘s mouth is related with a possible spread of infection. Therefore, one of the most important tasks for the dental care professionals is to prevent the spread of infection and create safe environment for a patient, the dentist himself and other dental staff The aim of the present study is to identify and evaluate the attitudes of Lithuanian dental health care professionals towards infection control and carried out infection control procedures, and to determine vaccination frequency against hepatitis B among dental health care professionals. The study highlighteningt the dental health care professionals‘ attitude towards infection control and infection control procedures as well as incompliance of infection control procedures with the valid normative documentation was conducted at the Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University in 2008-2010. All 2,235 Lithuanian dentists, registered in the Lithuanian Dental Chamber Registry in 2008 and carrying general practice dentist‘s license, all 1,814 dental assistants and all 370 dental hygienists registered in 2010 (according to the database of the Lithuanian Dental Chamber Registry) were invited to take part in the investigation. The participants of the study survey... [to full text]
Burna yra viena labiausiai infekuotų žmogaus organizmo sričių. Įrodyta, kad bet kuri odontologinė intervencija – dantų preparavimas, profesionali burnos higiena, dantų šalinimas, įprastinė profilaktinė paciento burnos apžiūra – yra susijusi su galimu infekcijų plitimu. Todėl vienas iš svarbiausių odontologine praktika besiverčiančių asmenų uždavinių yra užkirsti kelią infekcijų plitimui ir sudaryti saugią aplinką pacientui, gydytojui odontologui ir kitam personalui. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti Lietuvos odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų požiūrį į infekcijų kontrolę ir atliekamas infekcijų kontrolės procedūras, išsiaiškinti vakcinacijos nuo hepatito B apimtį tarp Lietuvos odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų. Odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų požiūrio į infekcijų kontrolę, atliekamas infekcijų kontrolės procedūras, infekcijų kontrolės procedūrų neatitikimus galiojantiems norminiams dokumentams tyrimas atliktas 2008 – 2010 metais Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Odontologijos institute. Tyrime buvo pakviesti dalyvauti visi 2235 Lietuvos gydytojai odontologai, 2008 metais registruoti Lietuvos odontologų rūmuose ir turintys bendros praktikos gydytojo odontologo licenciją ir visi 1814 gydytojų odontologų padėjėjai bei visi 370 burnos higienistai, registruoti 2010 metais (pagal Lietuvos odontologų rūmų duomenų bazę). Tyrimo dalyviams buvo išsiųsti anoniminiai klausimynai. Odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų požiūris... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Lalloo, Ratilal. "Equity and the allocation of health care resources at district level: lessons from as a case study in Mitchells Plain." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1994. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7259_1181558917.

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Chalmers, Jane. "The oral health of older adults with dementia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc438.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 347-361. Presents results of 2 longitudinal studies investigating the oral health of older adults with dementia, using questionnaires and clinical inspections at baseline and one year. Groups studied were nursing home residents and those living in the community, with moderate to severe dementia or no dementia diagnosis. Caries experience was related to dementias severity and not to specific dementia diagnoses. Coronal and root caries experience was higher in dementia participants with moderate-severe dementia, the socio-economically disadvantaged, more functionally dependent, taking neuroleptic medications with high anticholinergic adverse effects, with eating and swallowing problems, were not attending the dentist, who needed assistance and were behaviourally difficult during oral hygiene care and whose carers were burdened.

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Kwan, Elizabeth Lim. "Oral health status of 13 and 15 year-old secondary school children in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B3862834X.

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Teixeira, Erica Cappelletto Nogueira. "Dentists’ prescribing practices for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with large prosthetic joints." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6509.

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With an aging population and with the number of patients with large prosthetic joints increasing, the recommendation of antibiotic use in this specific population has generated significant discussion. Dentists often treat patients with large prosthetic joints; however, little is known regarding the prescribing practices of dental providers. This cross-sectional study carried out in the State of Iowa, United States, evaluated whether dentists were familiar, followed, and were satisfied with the 2015 American Dental Association Clinical Guidelines and the 2016 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC), and whether dentists responses were associated with demographic and provider characteristics. Dentists’ concerns about antibiotic resistance, medical legal aspects, and adverse effects related to using antibiotic prophylaxis were also examined. Of the 1521 surveys that were sent by mail, a total of 635 were returned, for a response rate of 41.7%. Our results confirm that dental practitioners were very concerned about antibiotic resistance (43.9%) compared to 5.23% who were not at all concerned. In addition, female subjects were significantly more likely to be very concerned about antibiotic resistance than were male subjects (50.9% vs 41.4%; p=0.0376). Moreover, subjects that practiced in urban areas were more likely to be very concerned about antibiotic resistance that those practicing in rural areas (47.9%vs 37.5%; p=0.0157). We also observed that for a healthy patient, 28.9% of dentists would never recommend antibiotics. On the other hand, 44.9% of the respondents would recommend antibiotic premedication within the first 2 years since prosthetic joint replacement, 14.1% would recommend it within the first year, and 6.9% would recommend it for life. Dentists were aware of the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing prosthetic joint infection. However, premedication recommendations by physicians and patient preferences influenced dentist’s prescribing practices. Overall, dentists’ recommendations for the use of antibiotic for patients with prosthetic joints undergoing dental procedures varied depending on the health status of the patient, the dental procedure to be performed, the time since joint surgery, physician’s recommendations and patients preferences.

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Bidarkar, Atul. "In vitro prevention of secondary demineralization by icon (infiltration concept)." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3262.

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Aim: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to look at the effectiveness of the ICON on prevention of caries on the smooth surface in comparison to resin based sealant. Methods: The study was an in-vitro study to compare the effectiveness of ICON and a sealant material in prevention of secondary demineralization. Sound teeth with no defects were cleaned and divided into 3 groups and lesions created. Both the groups were treated with respective materials (ICON and sealant), but the control group was left untreated. Once treated fresh demineralization solution was created and subject to deminralization cycles to see which material performed better in prevention of secondary demineralization. Results: In the present study, primary analysis was done using the quantitative light induced fluorescence technique. At the end of the secondary demineralization the results showed no statistically significant difference among the treatrment groups and the control group. However, the polarized light microscopy was done to assess the amont of infiltration of the material into the lesions. The ICON showed substantial penetration into the lesions where as the sealant material did not penetrate but formed resin tags on the surface of the lesion. Therefore, the ICON material did not fare any better than the sealant in prevention of secondary demineralization on smooth surface initial carious lesions.

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Balakrishnan, Nyla. "Legally authorized representatives’ awareness of the oral health needs of long term care facility residents." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6363.

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Objectives: To evaluate the oral health knowledge of legally authorized representatives of long term care facility residents to assess whether oral health knowledge is associated with the representatives’ understanding of the residents’ oral health status and treatment needs. Methods: The study participants were legally authorized representatives (LARs) of long term care facility (LTCF) residents who were visited by the Geriatric Mobile Unit (GMU) of the University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics. Once IRB approval was obtained, a mailing was sent out to the LARs after the GMU visited the LTCF. LARs were asked to complete a survey and were also asked permission to obtain dental records of the LTCF resident they represented. The survey contained questions pertaining to the LAR as well as the LTCF resident. With respect to the LAR, questions on socio-demographics, oral health literacy, oral health knowledge, oral health behavior and oral health status were asked. For questions about the LTCF resident, the LARs were asked about the resident’s prior oral health behavior, current oral health status, oral health treatment needs, and dental insurance status. They were also asked what factors would influence their decision to seek oral health care for the LTCF resident, and when they last spoke to the LTCF resident about their oral health. Bivariate analyses were conducted using Chi-square and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests with LARs knowledge about the LTCF residents’ missing teeth and various oral health treatment needs being the outcome variables. Significant variables were entered into a multiple logistic regression model for each outcome variables. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and p=0.05-0.2. Results: Four hundred and thirty-one surveys were mailed out to the LARs. One hundred LARs consented to participate in the study and returned the completed questionnaire. Fifty-two percent of the LARs got all nine oral health knowledge questions correct. The questions that were the most frequently missed included “Losing teeth is a natural process of aging” (77% answered correctly), and “Blood on your toothbrush is a sign of gum disease” (74% answered in correctly). Thirty-eight percent of the LARs said they were extremely confident filling out medical forms by themselves, and 37% said they were quite a bit confident. When asked about the missing teeth of the LTCF resident, ten LARs reported that their LTCF resident had all teeth missing, while only 9 LTCF residents had all teeth missing as per chart review. Seventy-six residents had some upper back teeth missing and 71 residents had some lower back teeth missing. Twenty-eight LARs reported some upper back teeth were missing in their resident and 24 LARs reported some lower back teeth was missing. Treatment needs of the resident were in general underestimated by the LAR. Thirty-five LTCF residents needed a filling and 15 needed extractions, however LARs reported 21 residents needed fillings, and 8 needed extractions. Fifty-six LARs did not know if the resident needed a filling, and 49 LARs did not know if the resident needed an extraction. Bivariate analyses reported a number of significant variables in each domain for p values <0.05 and between 0.05 and 0.2. In the final logistic regression model, retirement status of the LAR and LARs’ confidence filling out medical forms were most commonly significant for LARs’ knowledge about treatment needs of the LTCF resident; and self-reported oral health status, age of the resident, and physical health status of the resident influencing the LARs decision to seek care dental care for the resident were significant for LARs’ knowledge about missing teeth of the LTCF resident. Conclusion: Although the majority of LARs indicated that oral health is important for nursing home residents, many LARs were unaware of the oral health status and the treatment needs of the LTCF residents. While a single variable was not found to be commonly associated across LARs’ knowledge of the oral health status and treatment needs of the residents, several variables were associated with the knowledge of one treatment need only as opposed to the knowledge of multiple treatment needs. Understanding if and how oral health literacy and oral health knowledge influence LARs’ and as well as nursing home caregivers’ decisions to seek dental care for LTCF residents may help address the gaps in oral health care for LTCF residents, thereby improving their quality of life.

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Ghazal, Tariq Sabah AbdulGhany. "Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries Among Young African-American Children in Alabama." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4848.

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Binnie, Vivian Isobel. "A randomised controlled trial of 'brief' smoking cessation advice and NRT, delivered by dental hygienists, to patients in a dental setting." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6937/.

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The role that dental team members can play in the smoking cessation field is largely unevaluated. The work of this PhD thesis encompasses two phases, the first was to develop a means of determining smoking status, using analysis of continine, a nicotine metabolite. The second phase looked at the efficacy of dental hygienist-delivered smoking cessation advice in a dental setting. The aim of the first study was to compare continue levels in different biological fluids collected from both smokers and non-smokers, and to relate the findings to self-reported smoking status. Patients recruited to the study were asked to provide samples of urine, blood and saliva (both stimulated and unstimulated). Data collected from patients by questionnaire included information on smoking behaviour, such as daily number of cigarettes smoked, and environmental exposure to smoke. Following sample collection, patients were asked to rate the acceptability of each sampling method. Samples were analysed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. In total, 80 patients participated, with 49 smokers and 31 non-smokers. There was clear differentiation between smokers and non-smokers (p<0.001) for all the different samples in terms of cotinine concentration. A significant relationship was seen between cotinine levels and daily number of cigarettes for both salivas and urine (all p < 0.001) but not for serum. Participants found serum and urine collection methodologies 'very acceptable' (67% and 66%, respectively) whereas 9% found collection of stimulated saliva 'not at all acceptable'. Thus, continine, as analysed by EIA kits, whatever the collection method, shows good differentiation between smokers and non-smokers. Salivary samples have the advantage of being non-invasive. However, collection methodology is important, as continine levels may vary.

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Yu, Sek-ho Felix, and 余錫豪. "Planning an elderly dental programme in a public housing estate." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953967.

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Sou, Son-chio Sammy. "The oral epidemiology of 45-64 year-old Chinese residents of a housing estate in Hong Kong periodontal health status /." [Hong Kong : Department of Periodontology and Public Health, University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628284.

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Kelly, Grief Mary C. "Utilization of preventive oral health care by Medicaid-enrolled senior adults during their transition from community-dwelling to nursing facility residence." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2231.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish baseline data of dental utilization and determine the predictors of receipt of dental procedures by Medicaid-enrolled senior adults who reside in Iowa nursing facilities. METHODS: This was a longitudinal retrospective analysis of Iowa Medicaid claims data for SFY 2007-2014 of senior adults who were 68 years or older upon entry to a nursing facility and continuously enrolled (eligible 58 out of 60 months) in Medicaid for three years prior to and at least two years after admission. RESULTS: Controlling for the subject and nursing facility level variables, the strongest predictor of dental utilization after entry was the receipt of a dental procedure before entry (p< 0.001). Subjects residing in a facility located in an urban area (p< 0.002) or in two regions of Iowa (p=0.035, p=0.019, respectively) also had increased odds of receiving a dental procedure. CONCLUSION: Our results show that approximately 50% of the subjects never received a dental procedure in the 5-year study period. The strongest predictor of receipt of dental procedures in the 2 years after entry was the receipt of dental procedures in the 3 years before entry. It is important for Medicaid-enrolled senior adults to establish a dental home while community-dwelling.

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Chirico, Willstedt Gabriella. "Demand, Competition and Redistribution in Swedish Dental Care." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267476.

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Essay 1: Individuals with higher socioeconomic status (SES) also tend to enjoy better health. Evidence from the economics literature suggests that a potential mechanism behind this “social health gradient” is that human capabilities, that form SES, also facilitate health-promoting behaviors. This essay empirically investigates the significance of socioeconomic differences in health behaviors, using dental care consumption as an operationalization of health investments. I focus on adults at an age where lifetime trajectories for SES can be taken as given and use lifetime income to capture SES. I estimate the impact of lifetime income on dental care consumption and find robust evidence that the social gradient in dental care consumption steepens dramatically over the life-cycle. Considering that dental care consumption only reflects a small part of individuals' health investments the results suggest that lifetime effects of SES on health behaviors could be substantial in other dimensions. Essay 2: This essay studies the effect of competition on prices on a health care market where prices are market determined, namely the Swedish market for dental care. The empirical strategy exploits that the effect of competition differs across services, depending on the characteristics of the service. Price competition is theoretically more intense for services such as examinations and diagnostics (first-stage services), compared to more complicated and unusual treatments (follow-on services). By exploiting this difference, I identify a relative effect of competition on prices. The results suggest small but statistically significant negative short-term effects on prices for first-stage services relative to follow-on services. The results provide evidence that price-setting among dental care clinics responds to changes in the market environment and substantial effects of competition on prices over time cannot be ruled out. Essay 3: The Swedish dental care insurance subsidizes dental care costs above a threshold and becomes more generous as dental care consumption increases. On average, higher-income individuals consume more dental care and have better oral health than low-income individuals. Therefore, the redistributional effects of the Swedish dental care insurance are ambiguous a priori. I find that the dental care insurance adds to the progressive redistribution taking place through other parts of the Swedish social insurance (SI) for individuals aged 35-59 years whereas it reduces the progressivity in the SI for those aged 60-89 years. While the result for the oldest individuals is problematic from an equity point of view, the insurance seems to strengthen the progressitivy of the Swedish social insurance for the vast majority of patients.

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Heling, Gerardus Wilhemsus Joseph. "Tandheelkundig zelfzorggedrag in Nederland een bijdrage aan de tandheelkundige gezondheidsvoorlichting en -opvoeding = Dental self care behaviour in the Netherlands : a contribution to dental public health /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=mAhqAAAAMAAJ.

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Hodgins, Faith. "A mixed methods evaluation of Childsmile's targeted and tailored Dental Health Support Worker intervention." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8086/.

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This thesis contributes to a national evaluation of a Dental Health Support Worker (DHSW) intervention in Scotland. The DHSW intervention is a targeted component of Childsmile; an oral health improvement programme which aims to improve the oral health of children and reduce oral health inequalities. DHSWs facilitate families in registering with, and attending, a dental practice, support oral health behaviour change at home, and signpost families to wider community initiatives. In programme development, elements proposed to be critical to the success of the DHSW intervention were: effective targeting of ‘the right children’ and ensuring the intervention is ‘tailored to families’ needs’. When the programme was rolled out across Scotland, there was a lack of consensus about how these elements should be implemented. Furthermore, some aspects of the programme were adapted to suit the characteristics of the local Scottish health boards. This thesis aims to explore how ‘targeting’ and ‘tailoring’ were being implemented in the DHSW intervention, how they should be implemented in order to be optimally effective, and the effect of the DHSW intervention on dental participation at the early phase of implementation. A systematic review and mixed methods study were conducted. The systematic review synthesised evidence on the implementation of tailoring in effective lay health worker interventions. The mixed methods study looked at how targeting and tailoring were implemented within the Childsmile DHSW intervention and its impact on child dental participation. The mixed methods study involved quantitative analysis of linked administrative health datasets and qualitative analysis of focus groups and interviews with Childsmile stakeholders, synthesising the findings from a pragmatic stance. Findings show that ‘the right children’ were defined by stakeholders as any child in a family identified as vulnerable (for whatever reason) whose family must be ready to engage with the intervention. The right child is not every child or children in families facing acute health or social issues that may inhibit engagement. In the early stage of implementation of the intervention, there was some evidence of targeting of the right children from a socio-economic and oral health risk position. Nonetheless, there were differences between health boards in the extent to which this targeted approach was adopted and the extent to which the Childsmile referral pathway was being utilised. ‘Tailoring to families’ needs’ should involve assessing individual families’ needs and then providing differential support matched to those specific needs. There was some evidence that DHSWs were tailoring the intervention in line with some of the features of tailoring found to be effective in other LHW programmes; however, there were many barriers that restricted DHSWs’ freedom to tailor to families’ needs. Barriers included: health visitors not providing background information with the referral; DHSWs having responsibilities outside of Childsmile Practice; dental practices not notifying DHSWs of children who fail to attend appointments; a lack of consensus within the programme on whether DHSWs should deliver a brief intervention or whether it can be more intensive support where necessary; and, communication difficulties across language barriers. Despite this, there was clear evidence that the DHSW intervention had been effective at this early stage of implementation. Moderate effects on dental participation were observed across Scotland in all risk groups. Across Scotland, there was a 17% difference in dental participation between groups who did and did not receive the intervention, and children were more likely to participate sooner if they had received an intervention. Recommendations for the Childsmile programme follow three key themes: (1) reform the referral pathway; (2) develop working policies to help reduce organisational barriers to DHSWs delivering an effective intervention; and, (3) although challenging within the health service system, improve selection criteria of DHSWs and enhance subsequent training to highlight the unique benefits lay people bring to these roles.

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Sou, Son-chio Sammy, and 蘇信超. "The oral epidemiology of 45-64 year-old Chinese residents of a housingestate in Hong Kong: periodontal healthstatus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628284.

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Smith, Angel. "Oral Health Literacy of Parents and Dental Service Use for Children Enrolled in Medicaid." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/73.

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Many people in the United States have untreated dental disease due to a lack of dental insurance, a lack of oral health knowledge, and a lack of priority placed on dental health. Despite an increase in dental service use by Medicaid recipients as a result of local programs, children enrolled in Medicaid often have low rates of use of dental services. Using the health literacy framework of the Paasche-Orlow and Wolf (POW) model, the purpose of this study was to explore to the relationship between oral health literacy of parents and dental service use for children enrolled in Medicaid and the differences in use rates between preventive and restorative services. A cross-sectional research design was employed within a convenience sample of parents who presented to a nonprofit clinic for a medical appointment. Participants completed a demographic profile, an oral health questionnaire, and REALD-30 survey. Responses were correlated with dental claims retrieved from 1 reference child for each parent. Pearson's correlation revealed no significant relationship between oral health literacy and dental service utilization, r = -.056 (p = .490). An ANOVA revealed no difference in utilization between preventive and restorative services, F (2, 149) = .173, p = .841, Ã§2 = .002. However, high rates of use for restorative services were observed, suggesting a high prevalence of tooth decay in children. Although this study did not find a significant relationship between oral health literacy and dental utilization, barriers continue to exist that contribute to the high rates of tooth decay in children enrolled in Medicaid. This study impacted social change by highlighting the importance of preventive care in reducing the prevalence of tooth decay.

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Dele, Araoyinbo Idowu. "A comparative study of cost and quality of care of malaria treatment in public and private health facilities in Nigeria a case study of Lagos state." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9463.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The study explores the cost and quality of malaria care in public and private heatlh facilties at the primary health level in an urban community in south western Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire is adminstered to patients attending either public or private health facilities to estimate the direct and indirect cost of accessing healthcare services. Costs was estimated from the providers's perspective by using interviews and review of financial records to assess the total and unit cost of such services. Structural quality (adequacy of equipment and staff mix) and process quality (interpersonal relationship, use of treatment guidelines and algorithms) are assessed using structured checklist, observation and proxies such as patients' satisfaction.

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Willenberg, Danae Joy. "Dental Service Utilization in HIV-Infected Adults." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333744766.

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Nakanaga, Motoki. "The Evaluation of the School-Based Flouride Mouthrinse Program in a Fluoridated Community." TopSCHOLAR®, 1991. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2678.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a school-based fluoride mouthrinse program in a fluoridated community. Such an evaluation is important because the effect of such programs may decrease over time due to the widespread use of fluoride. Two elementary schools were chosen. One had a fluoride mouthrinse program: the other did not. The subjects were children in grades one and six. Their caries experience was examined using dft. dfs. DFT, and DFS scores. There were no statistically significant differences between the two schools. The program had no significant effect in the community studied.

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Cornett, Micaela J. "Dental Disparities and the Safety Net in Blount County." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/381.

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This qualitative study focused on the dental disparities in Blount County, TN and sought to determine if there are enough dental clinics within the dental safety net. Interviews were conducted with 18 individuals who were either service providers or clients of organizations such as the Salvation Army, Alcoa Good Samaritan Clinic, the local health department, Trinity Dental Clinic, Volunteer Ministry Center, Remote Area Medical, and Blount Memorial Hospital. Inclusion criteria for clients included: homeless or living below the poverty level, uninsured, 18 to 65 years of age, has not seen a dentist in the past year and currently suffering a dental problem. The most obvious common theme among the 11 clients interviewed was that they struggle with getting dental care. Patients were asked when the last time they had seen a dentist and they answered years ago, most over ten years ago. Eight of the eleven clients did not know of any facilities they could go to. Cost was the main reason for these clients not seeking dental care. Two dentists were asked about the reasons for disparities in dental care. The major common themes between the dentists were cost, access to care, and education. All five case managers said that they had clients experiencing dental needs ranging from a simple cleaning to an abscess. Currently in Blount County only one dental clinic serves over 17,000 residents who live in poverty.

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Drouillard, Peter Noel Vincent. "Factors associated with state-mandated dental screening compliance." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6938.

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Objective: To determine the demographic, economic, geographic, and health infrastructure factors related to the percentage of students by school who comply with state-mandated dental screenings in Iowa. Methods: An exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted, utilizing secondary data sources from the Iowa Department of Public Health, the Iowa Department of Education, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to examine factors related to dental screening compliance rates for public school kindergarteners in Iowa (AY year 2014-15). Both school-level and county-level factors were considered. A ninety percent student compliance rate was established as the criteria for a school to satisfy the threshold for being compliant with screening requirement. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship of the independent variables on whether the schools satisfactorily met the criteria for compliance. Results: Fifty-six percent of the 504 schools included in the study satisfactorily met the established criteria. Schools located in dental health professional shortage areas or in urban adjacent areas were more likely to have a greater percentage of kindergarten students exceed the 90% compliance threshold (p<0.05). Schools where a greater percentage of students were screened by a dentist or where larger populations of children were eligible for free or reduced price lunch (FRPL) (≥40%) were less likely to meet the compliance threshold. Conclusions: Schools with more lower income students, those in metro areas, and those with a higher reliance on dentists performing the oral health screenings could benefit from targeted efforts to improve compliance with mandated dental screenings.

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Macek, Mark D. "The relationship of socioeconomic status to the prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis in the elementary schoolchildren of Genesee County, Michigan." Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Michigan, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=lBQvAAAAMAAJ.

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Mani, Simi. "Impact of insurance coverage on dental care utilization of Iowa children." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1689.

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Objective: To understand the association between dental insurance coverage and dental care utilization in Iowa children. Methods: The 2010 Iowa Child and Family Household Health Survey (IHHS) data was used to assess the association between dental insurance coverage and dental care utilization in Iowa children. Andersen’s model of health services utilization was used as a framework for determining the predictors of dental care utilization. Chi-square test was used for determining bivariate associations and Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with dental care utilization. Results: The results from the multivariable logistic regression model indicate that children with private dental insurance (p<0.001) and 4-9 years of age (p=0.005) were more likely to have a dental visit. Additionally, respondents who were always able to get dental appointments for their child (p<0.001), had a regular source of dental care for the child (p<0.001) and perceived dental need for their child (p<0.001), were more likely to report having a dental check-up for their child in the past 12 months. Conclusion: Dental insurance was significantly associated with having a dental visit in the past year in Iowa children 4-17 years of age. Some of the other predictors of dental care utilization were: having a regular source of dental care for the child, ease of getting dental appointment for the child, younger child’s age and having perceived dental need for the child.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lagos.Dental public health'

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