Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laïcité – France'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Laïcité – France.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Piéri, Dominique. "France contemporaine : école et laïcité." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100112.
Full textThis thesis which assumes a didactic form, takes into account the French concept of "laicite", one century after its introduction into everyday life, the social and political experience at the level of the school and its surroundings. Having analyzed to school life (part one) the author refers to the length (part two) then to the space (part three) before breaking down the developments specifically raised by the ratio space time (part four). The final part places the analysis into the contemporary life and tries to underline some pointers for the future. The main idea which stands out from this work suggests that the "laiques laws" appear as a part of an ideology that seems to be significantly distorted by time and space
Toscano, Loredana. "La "laïcité française" et la laïcité "à l'italienne" : Comparaison de deux réalités." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010328.
Full textRamaciotti, Suzel. "Laïcité et droit privé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247218783.
Full textAccording to a wide-spread opinion, the scope of French laïcité, a constitutional principle, ought to be strictly limited to public law. This study offers to demonstrate that French private law is influenced by the principle of separation of the church and State, accommodating religious beliefs in a restrictive way. This restriction is due to the use of a so-called “relevance rule”, which is a rule that belongs to the State and allows religious beliefs to be introduced into the judicial reasoning. Unlike most of the States, France has chosen a contractual relevance rule: this means that religious rules may be enforced only if they have been previously incorporated into a contract. This contractual frame leads to restrictions: in practice, the parties will hardly ever think to incorporate their religious beliefs into such an agreement. This system applies equally to contractual relations and to family disputes, which reveals a general principle of French private law: the only legitimate source of law shall be, in France, State law; accommodating religious beliefs shall remain an exception. This model promotes an assumption of normality, that could be called “dispositive laïcité”. Simultaneously, the French legal system excludes some matters from the relevance system: these matters are mandatorily ruled by State law. Hereby arises the “mandatory laïcité”. The whole system, as featured, looks seamless. Actually, it lacks in acknowledgment, which may jeopardise it
Ferrari, Alessandro. "Parcours de la laïcité française : une perspective historico-juridique." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA111001.
Full textRenard, Marie-Reine. "La neutralité religieuse de l'Etat en France." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010104.
Full textProeschel, Claude. "L'état laique et la société civile en Europe : le cas de la France et de l'Espagne contemporaines." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090075.
Full textCognet, Sandra. "Laïcité et services publics : l'intrusion du religieux venu d'ailleurs." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0637.
Full textSperanza, Richard. "La conception française de la laïcité : permanences et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32067.
Full text“Laïcité” tends to be regarded by laymen as being directed against religious beliefs. Indeed, it can be difficult to distance oneself from the weight of history and from the representation of the early Third Republic as conquering, positivist and anticlerical. Certainly, one cannot disregard either the conflict that basically opposed the France of Reason and progress to the France of God and tradition, or the intense passions and excesses of the upholders of absolutism, were they “laïcards” or “papistes”. The intensity and complexity of the controversy were such that it survives in our collective subconscious, and, intuitively, we consider “laïcité” as being opposed to religion, and particularly to the Catholic Church. In contrast, the legal translation of “laïcité” has been much more moderate. The legislator, greatly assisted in this respect by a comprehensive and liberal administrative jurisprudence, concerned himself from the start with the preservation of individual freedom of conscience. Far from undermining religious beliefs, the Republic favoured pluralism in two ways. Firstly, by adopting the position of a strict neutrality of public services, thus allowing everyone to be free from a partisan state-controlled influence and therefore to identify more easily with republican values, whatever one’s chosen religious orientations. Secondly, by taking a more positive stance on the possibility of spreading ideas, notably by opening public media to religion or through state aid for the development of private education. However, this tolerance of religious beliefs could not be limitless, and the State reacted in order to combat a certain religious militancy that was particularly self-assured and invasive of the public arena. The State re-imposed a “laïcité” that was more restrictive of the expression of religious beliefs, so as to protect individuals from oppressive and immoderate proselytism, were they atheist, agnostic, or religious. Somewhat similarly, the Republic made the “churches” truly independent of the State, and vice versa, by the law of December 9, 1905, which actually targeted the Catholic Church. On this point also, clichés persist, and to consider total separation as the prerequisite of any “laïcité” is not only a delusion, but was never envisaged. The separation, although strict in certain aspects, nonetheless remains pragmatic, after having had to adapt itself to the resistance of the Catholic Church in Metropolitan France, to the very special local laws on religion in Alsace-Moselle, and to the diverse situations in the overseas territories. The result is legislation on religion that is both disparate and complex, but which has achieved a lasting religious balance. However, this balance is currently being called into question, on the one hand by an increase in religious activity, particularly that of the Muslim religion and of cults, and on the other hand by the sometimes radically different examples set by our European neighbours, and by France’s strong involvement in the construction of Europe jointly with other member States which, for the most part, are far from sharing our concept of “laïcité”
La, Morena Frédérique de. "Recherche sur le principe de laïcité en droit français." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10045.
Full textSecularity has always been an important issue for society. But research on the general legal aspect of this subject is very rare. As a constitutional principle and also as an inherent characteristic to the nature of the French state, it implies important consequences regarding the functioning of political and administrative institutions. Secularity offers nowadays a double-faced aspect. A new secularity commonly qualified as + plural; or + open; is taking the place of the traditional and conquering secularity resulting from the principle of disestablishment of churches and state. This evolution due to the adaptation of the social elements does not help to clarify the legal definition of the principle of secularity as it can not decline in many assertions. Two identifying elements can allow having a legal understanding of the principle of secularity. First of all, the notion of republic, to which it is linked because of its historical construction and its basic elements: the republic is secular and secularity is republican (part one). And also, the notion of public service, and its secularization in France which constitutes the first step in the process of formation of secularity (part two)
Flitner, Elisabeth. "L'éducation civique hors laïcité : comparaison entre l'Allemagne et la France." Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4719/.
Full textAl, Ali Shaban. "La laïcité et l’enseignement supérieur : étude comparée de son application en France et en Turquie." Reims, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REIML003.
Full textBased on the constitutional law the higher education provided by public service and state is a laic and secular system in France and Turkey. Therefore, the Turkish and French universities require applying the secularism principles according to conditions implanted in their respective national legislations. France and Turkey assert in their constitutions that the principles are fundamental for their Republics. However, the applied legal methods are nevertheless divergent in which the republican and laic tradition in France differ from the Turkish one. Indeed, the difference of both legal system initiate from distinctive interpretation of their respective national jurisdictions (performance) about the conception of human rights and fundamental liberties. In addition, oblige of the principal of secularism and laicism may limit the freedom in practice of fundamental rights in these societies as well. Obviously, the teachers are constitutionally guaranteed to exercise the freedom of speech in both countries. Furthermore, the students have the right to express freely their religious, political and philosophic opinions by virtue of the Turkish and French right. However, in respect to secularism of the state education certain limits must be imposed on their liberties. To comply with above aspect, wearing the Islamic headscarf is forbidden in the state education institutes in Turkey to prevent disabusing of the law and order, and to protect of the rights and the liberties of others. Also the ban is for protecting of the dignity of the women as well as the defence of the secularism and democratic system in Turkey. The European Court of Human Rights has granted the credit of conventionality to this ban. Notably the wearing of patent religious signs such as headscarf in the public schools is forbidden since 2004 based on the new French law. Moreover, the French universities have exercised similar practice and some presidents of universities have opened the debate about these issues in their universities
Arnold, Ashley Patricia. "Mosques in France: The Visible Presence of Islam." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67957/.
Full textMasvidal, Mandy. "Laïcité et cultes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10059.
Full textFrance is a "laïc" Republic, which garantees the right to freedom of conscience and the right to freedom of religion, provided public order and citizens rights and freedoms are protected. Thus, "la laïcité” is a principle of our Republic and religious freedom is an essential basis for any democracy. Therefore, the links which exist between "la laïcité" and religions in France can not be questionned. Besides, France is faced with a revival of religious beliefs and a renewed interest in religious matters.These religious beliefs are legitimately expressed in the public and social spheres. However, the way they are expressed is not always peaceful, it causes deep misunderstandings even a challenge to “laïcité”. Under the guidance of the High administrative jurisdiction there are signs of a will to calm things down, and we must continue this way. Nowadays, in some fields of the legal framework there are clashes between law, based on neutrality, and religions. As far as some subjects are concerned, interfering in people's conscience and inner self is certainly not easy and law makers and the authorities seem to feel uncomfortable faced with this problem. Yet, given the increasing number of conflicts involving law and religions and the emergence of more radical positions, law makers and the authorities have to get involved and interfere so as to restore a more peaceful relation between "laïcité" and religions
Kheir, Mayyada. "Le vocabulaire de la laïcité de Guizot à Ferry." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0029.
Full textThis study focuses on the birth of the vocabulary of laïcité in XIXth century French public discourses. Borrowing the concept of set phrase (formule) from discourse analysis, it focuses on the compounds of the adjective laïque, which at the time ceases to refer only to non-clerics, and starts meaning a gênerai objective of religious neutrality. The corpus consists of three debates in parliamentary assemblies and in journals: about the freedom of teaching and petits seminaires in 1844 ; about Falloux Law in 1849-1850; and about Republican Laws (mostly on school System) in early 1880s. At each step, the thesis studies the context of the debates; describes and explains the uses laïque and akin terms, depending of the moments and positions; gives an account of alternative words (neutre, civil, seculier. . . ); and inserts these lexical issues in generai argumentations. Through lexical history, this work intends to contribute to the history of French religious policies, politics and education
Nelson, Laura. "Veils and Vivre Ensemble: Assertive Laïcité and Islamic Dress in France." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2470.
Full textReligious symbols in France are routinely viewed as threats to the laïcité and vivre ensemble that characterize the ideal French Republic. However, unlike displays of religious identification such as necklaces bearing small crosses or stars of David, the presence of Muslim headcoverings in the public sphere has prompted significantly harsher criticism and increasingly restrictive measures within France. Some of the voile’s critics argue that such headcoverings are not only more visible, but are also indicative of a more brazen defiance of traditional republican ideals. While the perceived threat of religious symbols is far from a recent development in France, the particularly fierce reaction to the voile is indicative of a greater trend: the increasingly assertive interpretation and application of laïcité with respect to headscarves. The object of this study is to understand why French laïcité is moving in this increasingly authoritarian direction as well as to understand why a full ban of the “burqa” is being considered in France at this particular moment in time. The earlier affaires du foulard (headscarf affairs) offer good background context for the traditional applications of this principle towards the Muslim veil, and comparing the current dispute with the 2003-2004 affair offers a number of points of assessment that are useful for understanding the ways in which the interpretation and application of laïcité have shifted. The 2006-2007 veil affair in the United Kingdom also provides excellent analytical contrast that will help to situate the French affairs in a larger European context, serving as an analytical foil in many ways to the French understanding of secularism
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science Honors Program
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Political Science
Bencheikh, Soheib. "Islam et laïcité : étude doctrinale concernant le débat sur les musulmans de France." Paris, EPHE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPHE5017.
Full textCaillet-Battais, Cécile. "La laïcité : contributions à l'étude de la construction d'une nouvelle vision de l'état." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100176.
Full textBoirel, François. "Catholiques en laïcité : l'exemple de la paroisse universitaire : de Pierre Paris à Pierre Dabosville (1929-1963)." Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO20044.
Full textTwo phenomena came out in the early 1990's which seemed totally contradictory. On the one hand, with two different cases, the "affaire du foulard" and the "affaire clovis", some of the fundamental principles of the french secularised (non-religious) state education system were brought into question ; on the other hand, in france there was a growing interest in religious cultures, which was demonstrated in the teaching programme by religious questions being included in history syllabuses following the 1995 reform. The paroisse universitaire has always been dealing with the non-religious issues since it was founded by joseph lotte in 1911 and its vocation was really to unite two distinct ideologies which opposed throughout the 20th century, i. E. Secularisation and catholicism. Made up of catholic lecturers from the three orders (later four when the technique schools appeared in 1951) of the french university, the paroisse universitaire breathed new life into the consideration given to the problem of state education, which reached its peak in 1951 when pope pius xii welcomed a pilgrimage to rome (the birth of an openly secularised system). As a key observer in the post-war state education struggles (philip, paul-boncour and lapie commitees, as well as in the marie-barange and debre laws), the paroisse universitaire became interested, encouraged by its national chaplain, the oratorian priest pierre dabosville (1907-1976), in current affairs problems and in particular the war in algeria and the sharp check imposed on working priests (1954), thus uniting all of the conditions for a renewal of the commitment of the french catholic intellectuals
Perrin, Anne. "L'Eglise catholique et les églises dans le régime français de laÏcité." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153367.
Full textDans la gestion et l'utilisation des églises, l'Église catholique se trouve confrontée aux points de vue de trois types d'acteurs : usagers (à quelque titre que ce soit), propriétaires publics (le plus souvent les communes) et administration du Patrimoine (l'État). Les usagers n'ont pas de possibilité juridique d'agir dans ce domaine, mais leur opinion conditionne et justifie l'action des autres catégories d'acteurs. Toutes les catégories souhaitent la sauvegarde des églises et leur maintien au culte, mais pour des motifs divers. Les utilisateurs les considèrent généralement comme leur patrimoine culturel et identitaire, les communes partagent ce point de vue, mais sont aussi préoccupées de gérer au mieux des édifices lourds à entretenir et peu utilisés, l'administration du Patrimoine veut aussi les maintenir au culte catholique, mais pour conserver le plus possible leur « authenticité » culturelle.
L'Église catholique doit tenir compte des perceptions des usagers, du droit du propriétaire le plus souvent public, mais aussi de l'autorité de l'administration du patrimoine, dans le cas très fréquent d'édifices protégés au titre des Monuments historiques. Ce dernier point la met en concurrence avec les experts de l'État sur l'interprétation de ses propres symboles. Elle doit aussi et surtout organiser le culte dans les églises et y accueillir la communauté des fidèles, dans le cadre défini par la réforme liturgique de Vatican II. Prise entre le synchronique du culte ici et maintenant et le diachronique de sa présence comme institution majeure de sens depuis les origines dans la société française, L'Église catholique doit maintenir la tension entre les deux pour pouvoir demeurer aujourd'hui une ressource de sens particulièrement pertinente parmi celles qui se disputent le « marché » du sens en France.
Le nombre des prêtres et des fidèles catholiques diminue régulièrement. Malgré cela, la société française continue d'adresser à l'Eglise catholique des demandes d'utilisations des églises, publiques ou privées. L'Eglise catholique accède assez largement à ces demandes en tentant de contrôler aussi bien les utilisations culturelles que sociales. Demandes et réponses montrent que L'Église catholique tient dans la société française une place tout à fait particulière, qu'on pourrait assimiler à un des éléments d'une religion civile « catho-laïque ». Elle demeure une institution majeure de référence, même si un très petit nombre de Français se considèrent comme ses adhérents et qu'un nombre encore plus petit se sent lié par ses recommandations en matière de morale, en particulier sexuelle.
Williams, Melanie R. "L'Infirmière Française: Entre la Laïcité et La Sentimentalité." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/37.
Full textGévaudan, Damien. "La lai͏̈cité en droit privé." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR1003.
Full textAugier, Jean-Paul. "Protestantisme, républicanisme et laïcité chez les réformés de la Drôme, du Ralliement de 1892 au Front populaire." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE5004.
Full textThe Protestants from the Drome are the third most numerous group in the South East of France. Due to historical circumstances, they have a strong cultural identity. Despite their theological diversity, their opponents consider them as a homogenous group showing solidarity. Between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, they became the victims of an Anti-Protestant campaign. They were accused of being France’s enemy agents and of stealing administrative and political power from the Roman Catholic majority. The anti-protestant sentiment was often associated with anti-semitism. However it was not as strong and it tended to become weaker after the virulent attacks at the 1902 elections. On the other hand, the Protestants from the Drome evinced fierce anti-clericalism and were thereby identified with the Republicans. The connivance declined given the greater influence of the freethinkers within the Radical Party. The controversies between the latter and the Protestants did not jeopardise the support mustered around the Republicans. Nevertheless they advocated the separation between Church and State and the respect of religious freedom. Then they became the vigils of secularity (laïcité). The sacred union allowed to put former oppositions between the different schools of thought into perspective but did not eliminate the controversies. In spite of a population decrease, the Protestant minority kept their cultural difference. Shaken by an awakening, they took a firm stand left-wing until the victory of the Popular Front
Menard, Charlene. "La laïcité au collège : les pratiques enseignantes de renormalisation du curriculum prescrit : déplacements et hybridation des conceptions de la laïcité." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2083.
Full textSince the end of the 1980s, laïcité has been placed at the center of the values transmitted at school, and so become a fundamental issue in the training of students. However, alarming findings on school and infrigements of laïcité in some of them are still reported during political debates and in the media. Political injunctions aimed at defending laïcité do not seem to ease tensions. The school of the Republic would always be in difficulty in the face of the "threat of communitarianism" and "attacks on laïcité". How to understand the reality of teaching work in this context? What can be the tensions, the difficulties, in the implementation of prescriptions? To answer these questions, an ethnographic survey was conducted during one school year in three different public middle schools. The results of this survey make it possible to argue that teachers' strategies for overcoming the hardships associated with laïcité lead to justified actions, with reference to a variety of justification models that are characteristic of teaching work today. Injunctions are reconfigured according to local and individual logic, with the goal of maintaining school peace and student success. Scholar laïcité in a situation is therefore ahybrid form, strongly inscribed in a local and situational conception of school justice, and, in reference to different principles of justice. This makes it possible to defend the thesis of a hybridization based on the principles of justice, resources for solving difficulties but also sources of instability when renormalization is not based on a professional debate allowing at least temporary stabilization of the common rules of action
Baudeau, Audrey. "La question laïque en France dans le domaine scolaire pendant l'entre-deux-guerres (1919-1939)." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H018.
Full textThe laic question in the school field in France during the inter-war period studied under the angle of the debates to the House of Commons makes it possible to reveal and to confront the thought of the politicians on this question. This research proposes a synchronic reading which makes it possible to confront secularity with various governmental times; and a diachronic reading and set of themes which makes it possible to study the evolution of the laic questionings (state education of morals, financing of the private schools, statute of Alsace and the Moselle. . . ) between 1919 and 1939. Our research is also interested in the bond between secularity, the youth movements and education perished and continuation. How the laic idea evolves during this time of political instability ? Secularity, far from being an immutable principle, proves a concept with the multiple forms rather. However, it is during the inter-war period that in an irreductible way this multiplicity of secularity ties
Mattson, Ashley Gaylene Trupp. "French Laïcité and the Popularity of the Pacs." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1755.
Full textChaouche, Hamid. "Islam et laïcité : les représentations sociales chez les générations issues de l'immigration en France : le cas de l'immigration maghrébine." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082809.
Full textOur study concerns the problems of Islam and Laïcité in France. We will try to seize the social representations which the generations resulting from Maghrebian immigration develop with matter of Islam and Laïcité in which these generations are largely implied seen the sociological characteristics and histories which characterize this population of Moslem confession. It is a question of seeing how the weight of these various generations composing this population exploits the fluctuations of the representations between the ones and others with an aim of determining the dynamics which chairs the operation of this reality in public space. Then, to determine all these problems of Islam and Laïcité, we will try to apprehend the representations of these generations concerning the various topics wrapped by these problems and which are increasingly resounding on public space. The case of the statute of the woman in Islam, the teaching of the religion in the school, the equipment of the places of work by rooms of prayer, of the Islam of the children and that of the parents
Fouquet, Julien. "Histoire et représentations de la franc-maconnerie libérale dans la sphére des idées et des pratiques sociales, religieuses et politiques : l'exemple du grand orient de France de 1945 à 1984." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20006.
Full textDespite a former representative deficit and a decline over recent ideological, why and how the Grand Orient of France, world standard of liberalism Masonic, influenced politically and culturally on the French society of Liberation in the early 1980s? From the Masonic and public sources, it is first read a story obediential contemporary rebuilt, bequeathed by the historian historiography contradictory and tenacious survival of representations, then compare the principles and praxis Masonic liberal the entire social field, and finally to emphasize the degree of interpenetration of Masonic ideas with the secular world. The opening to the Masonic fact on auxiliary sciences and choise a chronological range socio-political structuring (1945-1962 and 1962-1984), can thus include the influence of obedience in the successes and failures a renewed civil society and concerned about major issues and societal metapolicies. By raising the adaptation, circulation and externalizing Masonic ideas, then it is possible to understand how the fact Masonic Liberal entering deep breaths in French society, is an actor, as far as revealing of evolution of morals and religious practices, and social policies between 1945 and 1984
Elfersy, Daphna. "The Muslim civil ethic and the concerting of secularism : Islam in France and the Netherlands." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0002.
Full textThis study asserts that the vast majority of European Muslims endorse a concerted secularism, a concept pertaining to a non-hierarchic approach to religious and secular reason in democratic societies and states. This study asks what distinguishes these Muslims that show support for a concerted secularism from their European Muslim and non-Muslim counterparts that present different approaches to secularism. the primary hypothesis advanced in this study is that European Muslims that advocate concerted secularism have undergone a process of religious transformation in which Islam was ‘ethicized’ and conceptualized as a source for pluralistically fashioned familial and democratic values. This study refers to this pluralist constellation of social values as the Muslim civil ethic. This emerging ethicized civil Islam, it is argued, serves to explain Muslims’ distinct approach of concerted secularism. A scholarly review and historical analysis substantiates this study’s ambitious theoretical framework and ensuing working hypothesis, although the salience of the explored hypothesis is ultimately affirmed through the quantitative and qualitative fieldwork. to test the premise that a reformatted civil Islam engenders Muslims’ support for a concerted secularism, this study conducted 97 interviews with Muslims and 208 surveys with Muslims and non-Muslims in France and the Netherlands. These countries present compelling cases for a comparative research. the empirical evidence validates the theoretical framework and verifies the hypothesized relations between the reformatted civil Islam and the endorsement of concerted secularism. the findings of this study substantiate the germaneness and authority of weber’s meta-theory of religion and reveals its theoretical and methodological efficacy for general explorations into the relations between ethical religions and sociopolitical life, and in particular, the burgeoning civil Islam in present day Europe and its relation to the notion of concerted secularism
Thiéry-Riboulot, Véronica. "Le mot Laïcité : histoire et usages contemporains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL055.
Full textThis dissertation establishes that the new ways in which French word laïcité has been used in France since 1989 reflect a semantic evolution. It first examines the history of the word through empirical analysis of various bodies of texts. It begins with the study of the medieval form lai and the words that preceded it in ancient languages. Lai is also compared with the English word lay. These lexical evolutions are appreciated in their historical, pragmatic and intralinguistic contexts. Then the fact that laïcité, which initially belongs to the anticlerical lexicon, is derived from laïque, a relatinized word from the ecclesiastical lexicon, is questioned. This paradox is explained by examining, within lexical networks, the phenomena of specialization, axiological evolution, availability and polysemic tension. Atypical competition between the two neologisms laïcism and laïcité in the 19th century is then commented. The historical part ends with the description of the dynamic derivatives of laïque in -is- and the uses of laïcité, which appears in two phrases, until 1989. Then comes the analysis of contemporary uses of the word, based on distinctive features of the abstract nouns: laxity in the enunciative context, lack of tangible reference accompanied by terminological or definitional statements, degree of abstraction and semantic variations in the nominal phrase, recourse to allegory. The dissertation concludes with a survey that measures the extent of the meanings given to the word today
Khateb, Hamzi. "La responsabilité morale des convertis à l’islam, entre normes islamiques et laïcité." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0032.
Full textAfter the "ṧahada" (the testimony of faith), which is the first pillar of Islam, conversion requires the new Muslim to obey the laws and rules inspired by the Qur'ân and the prophetic tradition (Sunna). It implies following a set of norms related to the religious practice that a Muslim commits himself to respect. This thesis analyzes cases of conversion, while taking into account the family and social origins of each convert. It examines the changes in the lives of these new Muslims, following their conversion. From this point of view, the question is whether, in the case of converts, such a change leads to dilemmas related to the pre-conversion respect of norms in a secular country, and whether or not these dilemmas are sustainable or intractable. These dilemmas, far from being limited to a few specific areas (such as wearing the veil, prayers, etc.), extend to the much broader field of the subject’s existence, in its complexity. This thesis also aims at clarifying the overall vision of the place of converts in is the so-called "Islam in France". However, this vision assumes that Islam is thought in association with immigration, whereas these converts are not immigrants. In order to answer these questions, this thesis addresses the question of moral responsibility according to an approach related to the sociology of morality and the sociology of religions, focusing on the respect of Islamic norms in a secular country such as France
Meidinger, Isabelle. "L' État et les minorités cultuelles en France au XIXe siècle : l'administration des cimetières israélites de 1789 à 1881." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0067.
Full textWhen one considers the relations between the State and religious minorities in the 19th century in France, one is tempted to refer to a double dialectic : integration / emancipation, secularisation / “laicisation”. My thesis aims, on the contrary, to demonstrate that those relations were specific, that they were regulated by a unique model characterised by three key ideas: equality, separation and acknowledgement. The fact that this model has never been officially recognised by public authorities can be explained by the contradiction in which the State found itself allowing a specific model of regulation in the name of equality and at the same time, promoting a unique policy for all citizens in the name of the same equality
Doran, Mary Therese. "A Discourse Analysis of "Laïcité" and its Effects on the Integration of Muslim and Arab Minorities in France." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/512.
Full textBouzar, Dounia. "L'importance de l'expérience citoyenne dans le parcours des musulmans nés en France sensibles au discours de l’islam politique." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082773.
Full textThis study proposes to figure out the relationship between men’s experience and the understanding of a religion. We will rely on the thesis which puts human experience as a basic element for a renewed relationship with religion, and sometimes even, of a new theological production. We will first give references to situate the sphere of influence of political islam as a contemporary production to face up to occidental modernity. We will then study the French context in which muslim discourses close to political Islam make sense to part of the youth, how they establish the islam status as a reference superior to all others and leads to an over-investment in the texts. Finally, we will demonstrate how, by multiplying the experience of human shared actions with other types of militants, the young people interviewed here have reorganized their relation to religion and gradually escaped the islamic ideology
Arnold, Elodie. "Citoyenneté, Laïcité, Diversité : l'école et la transmission des principes républicains." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20012/document.
Full textIn France, research in history and political philosophy has produced a body of knowledge describing the values and principles that are at the heart of the « republican model of integration ». However, this work has been theoretical and conceptual in nature such that we have in fact very little knowledge about the psychological aspects of the republican model. This thesis is organized in three chapters that present in total seven distinct empirical studies It addressed two major questions: 1) What factors explain the strong support that is observed in France for the principle of republican equality and laïcité? and 2) what are the consequences of this support for prejudice and intergroup relations? In chapter one, the research confirms this strong endorsement of the republican principles among teachers in high schools (Study 1, N = 82) or among university students in widely different fields of study such as psychology (N = 72) or law (N = 234, Study 2). Using a measure of attachment to laïcité that is distinct from a measure of support for principles that are theoretically linked with laïcité, Study 2 showed, for the first time to our knowledge, the distinction between two types of laïcité: an historic laïcité based on freedom of conscience and equality of respects for all beliefs and a new laïcité that emphasizes the need for keep religion private and to ban conspicuous religious signs from public places. In chapter two, three studies examined the psychological motives underlying attachment to the republican principles. As expected, it was shown first, among a representative sample of the French population (N = 1001), that support for republican equality and new laïcité are two variables that explain variance in antiimmigrant prejudice over and above factors that are usually considered in sociology or social psychology. Moreover, whereas egalitarian individuals are usually more supportive of these principles compared to inegalitarians, the results also showed that people who wish to maintain group-based inequality and the social hierarchy becomes strong supporters of laïcité when they perceive an intergroup threat of a symbolic nature (Study 1, chapter two), when they are in a situation of intergroup threat (Study 2, chapter two), or when an intergroup threat of a symbolic type is experimentally induced (Study 3, chapter 2). These results confirm the hypothesis that laïcité is a malleable ideology that can be used as a socially accepted mean of defending a socially undesirable agenda. The third and last chapter of the thesis examined the role of the school in the process of cultural transmission. Study 1 of chapter three (N = 300 pupils) and Study 2 of chapter three (N = more than 1000 pupils) supported a theoretical model proposing that public schools in France lead to a stronger support for republican principles and that this process of cultural transmission mediates the effects of schooling on anti-immigrant prejudice. A decline in the impact of republican equality and a corresponding increase in the impact of new laïcité was however observed. The discussion outlines the theoretical and pedagogical implications of these results
Elzam, Karine. "Principe de lai͏̈cité et enseignement public en France." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010280.
Full textRoberts, Anne. "Veiled Politics: Legitimating the Burqa Ban in the French Press." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/78.
Full textHerrmann, Robitzer Prisca. "La construction mentale de la laïcité : étude d'une représentation et mise en évidence des mécanismes cognitifs constitutifs de l'idéologie." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5010.
Full textDefending the pertinence of a psychological science od ideology, based on the Husserlian phenomenology, this study aims to bring to the fore ideological cognitive processes at work within the mental construction of the French laicity. It comprises two parts : firstly, a study of the representation of laicity by Alsacian and Francilian students, allowing an identification of its contents, of its structure, and spotting signs of ideological mechanisms at work ; secondly, a quasi-experimental study aiming to check the hypothesis that these individuals would mentally build up an image of laicity in such a way that not only is it subject to no questionning but it will endure in time. A cognitive interplay between ignoring and aover emphasising certain datum would intervene in order to preserve the identity of the present system. By the way of results, the study of representation reveals that the central structure of representation of laicity is quite "tender" (by this very fact, the objetc of representation would eventually be more resistant to change) and doesn't differ significativly between Alsacians ad Francilians. Moreover, these researches emphasize the intervention of an interplay of ideological cognitive filters applied to the mental construction of the Franch laicity. On the whole, these results thus sho the transfer of laicity, object of culture, to alaicity, object of nature
Guillet, Nicolas. "Ordre juridique et systèmes religieux : Liberté de religion et mouvements à caractère sectaire." Cergy-Pontoise, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CERG0166.
Full textIn law, sectarian movements are not believers' groups like the others. They are specific because they're acting in the borders of law. They express their convictions without limits and can be presented as snapping one's fingers at the most fundamental rules of the republican legal system in France. Consequently, they can be really distinguished from the religions - which have a juridical settlement as "cultes" in French law -, and have a special juridical statute. In this framework, public authorities play a special role which can be judged, a priori, in contradiction to the classical principle of secularity ("lai͏̈cité" in French). But in fact, the liberal and individualistic characters of the French juridical order lead the authorities to prevent and punish the activities which can be negative and dangerous for the rights and the dignity of the human being. The policy of vigilance and fight against sectarianism is based on the necessary protection of the human rights
Charlier, Marie-Dominique. "La lai͏̈cité française à l' épreuve de l' intégration européenne." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10045.
Full textFrench "secularism" considered as a strict separation between the Church and the State has known a fundamental ambiguity since its historical, political and legal origins. This thesis aims at demonstrating that secularism is not a static legal principle but that it must be adapted to the evolution of society needs. Today, this challenge must be taken up firmly on two levels, both French and European. Free from all ideologies, French secularism takes part in the debate about the third generation of the human rights, the fundamental cultural rights, coming after the generation of political rights (1789) and the economic and social ones (1945)
Jauffret, Marie. "La laïcité mise à l'épreuve : ambiguïté et manipulation d'un concept." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30044.
Full textThe issue of French laicity is regularly present in politics, public domain and current affairs. For more than 200 years, its history has been written in the name of freedom, equality and fraternity, slogan of the French Republic, indivisible, democratic and social. Since the tragic events that have disrupted the country, this word has become a current societal issue. But there is a problem in its definition, interpretation and use. It was thought that secularism was an asset but today it is being tested. This debate is a national priority.The objective of this dissertation is to explain the meaning of this ambiguous principle, pillar of our national identity, understand what his story tells us and understand the causes and implications of the polysemy attributed to him. And she asks the question of the interest which the enemies of secularism might find in manipulating it.Other questions emerge from this hypothesis: Does French laicity really guarantee the equality of citizens ? Law Equality and Religious Freedom ? If laicity remains a utopia, does it condemn the live together and the cooperation ?As in the past, laicity is being questioned. Dear to the Homeland of Human and Citizen Rights, it faces new challenges for society to remain indivisible and pluralistic. Difficult to teach and enforce, she was betrayed by those who must defend her. The manipulations of its definition are the greatest danger. But how is it beneficial ? And who benefits from this confusion ?
Lavoie, Bertrand. "La foi musulmane et la laïcité en France et au Québec, entre régulation publique et négociation quotidienne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020019.
Full textThe overall goal of the dissertation is to analyze the relation to religious norms and state law regarding the question of the wearing of muslim religious symbols. This socio-legal research follows results from 50 interviews done with persons who wear muslim religious symbols and work (or consider working) at the same time for the french and quebec states. The two legal contexts shows dissension regarding the regulation of religious symbols in public institutions. Empirical results shows different strategies of action and interpretation of state and religious norms, a human legal agency, where the rational autonony of the weaerer is the central element in the relation to norms
Le, Pape Loïc. "Qu'est-ce que la religion pour les Français ? : ce que nous enseigne la conversion." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0031.
Full textThis study deals with the relationship of the French to their religions, studied through the religious conversions within monotheisms. A particular rapport to religion is hughlighted and raises the paradox of an increase of conversions in a time when we hear the "end of God". This conflictual relation alternates between tolerance and suspicion and this rapport is constitutive of the relationship between politics and religions. One finds this in the phase of laicization (1789-1905) and since the vote of the law of separation (1905) wich inaugurates a "laic configuration". Therefore, religious conversion is understood as interaction between new converts, the institution of reception wich frames their transformations, and the close-relations to whom they publicize choices and with whom they make the effort to sustain a bond. Conversions enable us to read a "laicity in act" wich tests itself in the specific relation to religion, i. E. , an interactive device and a common ideal
Martin, Jean-Paul. "La Ligue de l'enseignement et la République des origines à 1914." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0011.
Full textFounded in 1866, the Ligue de l'enseignement progressively set itself up in the republic system. Although it became a permanent organization in 1881, it founds its definitive institutional vocation only in 1894, after Jean Mace's death, under the leadership of men such as Leon Bourgeois and Ferdinand Buisson. The Ligue then stood up for public school which it had previously contributed to establish, and promoted secular societies which were opposed on daily ground to confessional institutions. Its polyvalency, its extensive sociological diversity (teachers, republican middle class, political and administrative leading citizens, common lay people. . . ), its anteriority in comparison with political parties, make this associative conglomerate, which has definite (but not exclusive) masonic affinities, “an intermediate corps of the republic” between educational and political grounds, a pressure group between state and civil society. Directed by republican unanimism, its positions within the political debate and the secular dynamism revealed its synthetic function, inequally efficiant according to the moment. Dominated initially by opportunists, slipping into the orbit of radicalism at the end of the century, inclining towards the left-wing after the Dreyfus affair, the Ligue joins the surge of anticlericalism which carries the “defense republicaine” and becomes an ideological thermostat during the “Bloc des gauches”. After the separation which deals the cards again, it seems at the same time more recentred and more torn between the <> republic evolution and the necessity of defending school against new clerical attacks. In 1914, a more specialized fate starts. Vehicle of anticlerical culture, anxious to make school coincide with the republic, the Ligue has taken an important part in the establishment of French “laicite”. .
Baylocq, Sassoubre Cédric. "Autorité religieuse et normes islamiques en contexte laïque : L’imâm Tareq Oubrou, les musulmans de Bordeaux et l’islam de France." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21914.
Full textNearly a quarter century after the great scholar of Islam Jacques Berque declared his wishful desire to one day see emerge a “French Islam”, there start to surface in Europe in general, and France in particular, pioneering theological and canonical works that ambition to revisit the Islamic tradition and propose new paradigms – although still based on the Islamic corpus – to the presence of Muslim minorities in a secular context. That is certainly the case for imâm Tareq Oubrou. After more than thirty years sharing the struggles of his community all over Western France, he set himself on the theological-canonical journey of reappraising his scriptural tradition, contextualizing it in and for the contemporary world, and reevaluating the normativity that classical Sunni thought has been promoting and promulgating for centuries. Beyond these endeavors, it is first and foremost the trajectory of a contemporary Muslim leader in France that will be investigated here with attention to the articulations of his thought in the concrete context of the daily practice of his function of imâm as reflected in his sermons, legal consultations, lectures, and conferences, etc. Special attention will also be given to the reception of such particular Islamic discourses and praxis by French Muslims, both locally and nationally. We suggest that the ethnographic method is the most adapted approach for reaching our research objectives
Agne, Malado. "Le statut juridique de l'islam en France." Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0009.
Full textIslam is a religion which, although it appeared in the 7th century, really expanded in France in the 20th century. It is the second religion in France. So, if the question of the place of religions – in particular monotheistic – raised many questions or even conflicts in previous centuries, it is now islam in France that raises many questions. French religion law is marked by the centrality of principles of religious freedom, secularity and separation of churches and State. In accordance with these principles, the State shall respect towards all religions in France neutrality and equality. However, the analysis reveals that islam is subject to a special status characterized by shifts in the application of legality and hypertrophy in the implementation of public policy. The French State, for this exceptional regime, departs from orthodoxy formed by the general legal framework and by the rules applicable to other religions
Date-Tedo, Kiyonobu. "L'histoire religieuse au miroir de la morale laïque au XIXe siècle en France." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00310953.
Full textSelon ceux qui l'instaurent, la morale laïque est censée en finir avec la morale religieuse. Mais analytiquement, on peut aussi bien en indiquer plusieurs aspects religieux, y compris quelque continuité avec la morale catholique. En outre, la laïcité française, qui postule bien la séparation des Églises et de l'État, peut même s'avérer religieuse sous certaines conditions. L'histoire des religions, qui, en tant que science moderne, se désolidarise bien de la théologie, en partage aussi à certains égards les schémas de représentation. Même si l'aspect spiritualiste de la morale laïque recule et l'optique christiano-centriste de l'histoire des religions se relativise au début du XXe siècle, le religieux continue de hanter durablement la morale et la science religieuse. C'est aussi le moment où ces dernières trouvent la possibilité de se rejoindre sur un plan nouveau.
Les sociologues du religieux revisitent souvent Durkheim ou Comte, mais ils ne prêtent guère leur plume pour disserter sur les œuvres de Renan. Par ailleurs, si les historiens du christianisme connaissent bien les apports et les limites de ce dernier, ils le situent rarement en revanche par rapport aux sociologues des religions. Enfin, on sait que la sociologie religieuse de Durkheim s'intéresse également à l'élaboration de la morale laïque, mais on n'inscrit guère le nom de Bergson dans cette histoire. C'est pourquoi notre étude sur ces auteurs a-t-elle le souci de les situer les uns par rapport aux autres.
Nous avons l'ambition d'éclaircir l'histoire complexe de la double laïcisation de la morale et des études religieuses, en lisant de près les textes des philosophes mentionnés ci-dessus, en analysant les discours des hommes politiques, en nous immisçant dans l'univers de l'école laïque, et en étudiant l'institutionnalisation des sciences religieuses. Nous en dégagerons la figure de la modernité à la fois laïque et religieuse, dont il est important de repérer les aspects les plus essentiels.
Gillard, Bernard. "Eléments pour l'histoire d'une société de pensée : Franc-Maçonnerie française et monde moderne : "la Franc-Maçonnerie du Grand Orient de France, laboratoire pédagogique des valeurs républicaines de 1871 à 1906"." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20057.
Full textMasonic references confronted to history are scare. At the end of 19th century, the "Grand Orient de France" entered the political arena. Acting as a laboratory of ideas, it appealed to citizens to get the Republic back to its origins. Thanks to the involvement of its membership it managed to assert itself against antagonists allowing the French Republic to become "laic", i. E. Not related to any religious belief. It was practicing pedagogy towards the French people and benefited from the support of two bodies: the "League of teaching" and the "League of Human rights". Proposing solutions even before the laws were passed, it was playing a decisive role in political debates. It focused on defence, education, church, social choices and on separation of church and state. Referring to documents and unpublished reports of Toulousian lodges, congress and convents, allowed a Masonic maieutic study including Freemasons themselves and their fellow countrymen
Longeaux, Guy de. "Le Christianisme au miroir d'établissements catholiques d'enseignement sous contrat avec la France." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5020.
Full textField investigations by interviews and questionnaires in six higher secondary schools are revealing the osmosis that takes place between Christianism and the secular society. Ecclesial institutions are public institutions, open to all. It is not an obvious situation: How to understand their catholic identity? How to make the teachers who are perhaps far away from Church inspired by evangelic values in their teaching? These questions may indicate a fundamental problem to christianism: is it a truth imposed or a way of research, linked to a fundamental charism? This real issues is at the base of the school personnel’s debates, and parents desiring that their children receive a religious education with a critical mind about the pertinence of its contents. The students themselves raise some questions: Can christianism show us a way for a meaningful life ? They think, shall not Christianity reform itself, it will soon altogether disappear
Andrault, Marc. "Le discours de l'episcopat francais sur la liberte de l'enseignement : 1959-1994." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT3026.
Full textTelhine, Mohammed. "L'islam et les musulmans en France : une histoire de Mosquées." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0101.
Full textWhen trying to understand the history of Islam in France, the mosque, the most salient symbol of Islam, seems to be a central issue around which policies are developed and much passion and controversy is generated. The mosque has in fact always played a key role in the relation that France has had with Islam and is a kind of indicator of the degree of openness of the society in any given historical period. How did this symbol often se en as a destabilising element to the local French way of life by exacerbating existing tensions, come to be at the heart of the representational problem regarding Islam and France? The permanent settlement of Muslim immigrants, the rise of Islamism and the development of various rivalries between Islamic organisations in France is indicative of the centrality of the mosque when it comes to territorial politics, identity discourse and formation as well as to the strategies of state and organisational control. For this reason the sociology of Islam and the sociology of Muslim immigration in France has also been explored. Faced with the necessity, if not the urgency of having a "community" representative with which it could deal with, the French Republic reactivated its colonial reflexes by deciding to make a break with the supposed "untouchable" law of 9 December 1905 regarding laïcité by creating a representative Muslim body in France (CFCM). The development of a specifically French Islam, now institutionalised, has led to an increasing demand for places of worship including the construction of so called 'Cathedral-Mosques'. These represent a visibility which often comes into conflict with local concerns. This element is also addressed