Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laitiers (Métallurgie)'
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Ouili, Abdeslam. "Contribution a l'activation alcaline des laitiers de hauts fourneaux." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0010.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to valorize blast furnace slag which is by-product from metallurgicl industry. The main proble is economic. Applications in the cement industry can be divided into two ways : i) Partial replacement of cement clincker by raw hydraulic activated materials, which are able to show binding properties. Ii) Production of a binder without any clicnker. When is added to Portland cement, hydration reaction occurs; on the opposite, glassy slag needs to be activated by a supplementary agent to release hydrated products. Sulphates or strong bases are some of theses activators. Several objectives were set to conduct this study : i) Comparison between pelletized slag (slag from FOS) and granulated slag (slag from SIDMAR) in presence of different activators, based on mechanical performance and microstructure evolution. Ii) Research for each slag of the activators which lead to the best performances, without any additional treatment (mechanical or thermal). Iii) Performance tests of "slag-activators" systems issued from literature and development of a new system stable in aggressive solutions. Experimental results show that by addition of up to 10 -15% clincker, a low cost high performance binder is obtained. Activation of slag by 6% of sodium silicates leads to similar mechanical performances. Subjected to chloride and sulphate attacks the sodium silicate activated slag behaves better than ordinary Portland systems and sodium hydroxide activated slag
Saint-Jours, Catherine. "Thermodynamique des mélanges polyanioniques liquides à base d'oxydes : modélisation thermodynamique et mesures de capacité en soufre." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0054.
Full textBlond, Eric Henri. "Dégradation thermomécanique des réfractaires au contact de laitiers sidérurgiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370776.
Full textYilmaz, Deniz. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique des laitiers d'acierie de conversion en construction routière." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0046.
Full textThe accumulation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag on storage site becomes a major problem for land management and environmental issues. The reuse of BOF Slag represents an environmental challenge for preservation of primary resources. Indeed, the diminution of primary resources promotes the research of alternative solutions. In this way, the BOF slags are studied as alternative construction material in civil engineering, and particularly for road construction. In order to evaluate the environmental impact of th e BOF Slags used for an experimental project of road construction, the full hydrodynamic properties are described by using in -situ infiltration experiments and laboratory scale experiments. The results show a modification of the microstructure of BOF Slag in the experimental structure due to the carbonation of the material. The infiltration capacity of the structure has decreased in time to tend to borne value. The effect of the surface heterogeneity observed on the experimental structure, which appears at the first stage of the structure construction, disappeared with time due to the carbonation of the material. A full hydrodynamic characterization of BOF slag used in the experimental structure is proposed and discussed in regards to the evolution of microstructure. The proposed results will allow evaluating, in further researches, the environmental impact of slag related to pollutant transfer to the underlying soil
Lantheaume, Sylvie. "Les microlaitiers métallurgiques : procédés d'obtention, réactivité et traitement thermique." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0042.
Full textEttler, Vojtech. "Etude du potentiel polluant de rejets anciens et actuels de la métallurgie du plomb dans le district de Pribram (République tchèque)." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2038.
Full textGervais, Caroline. "Evaluation environnementale des perspectives de valorisation en BTP de scories de première fusion de plomb et de zinc." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Full textThis research is in keeping with the general problematic of environmental assessment of porous materials containing wastes. The case of two primary lead and zinc slags, used as a partial substitute for sand in three materials (concrete, sand-cement and sand-bitumen), was studied. The developed methodology was based on the pre-standard ENV 12-920 and was designed to ensure both waste specific properties and scenario conditions. Within this methodology four steps have to be carried out to determine the leaching behavior of the material in the considered scenario (1) description of the scenario; (2) determination of the influence of fundamental parameters on leaching behavior; (3) description of environmental behavioral models; and, (4) field verification of predicted behavior. The release of lead and zinc from slags contained in the studied materials was strongly dependent on the pH evolution near the interface. The pH evolution near the interface resulted from material-scenario interactions
Dejean, Guilhem. "Valorisation de laitiers sidérurgiques comme matériaux de stockage thermique pour procédés énergétiques durables : application au CSP et au CAES." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1252.
Full textSalain, I. Made Alit Karyawan. "Réactivité des cendres de combustion en Lit Fluidisé Circulant et des mélanges cendres - laitier de haut fourneau." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0032.
Full textThe CFB ashes studied, resulting from the combustion of various coals, come from the 250 MWe Provence power station in Gardanne, the most powerful of CFB power stations existing in the world nowadays, and from the 52 MWth Somedith power station in Marseille. The physical and mechanical character of CFB ashes, in presence of water, depends essentially on their chemical and mineralogical composition. Indeed, the strongly expansive character presented by the majority of these ashes is due to the continuous and significant formation, as showed by the DTA, XRD and SEM results, of the expansive phases, ettringite, gypsum and possibly hydroxide of calcium, without sufficient formation of C-S-H. Two simple models, numerical and empirical, are then proposed to envisage these characters. The first model presents a global and estimated calculation of hydration products formed and the second introduces an index known as of reactivity IR, determined from the principal components: SiO2, AL2O3, CaOtotal S03 and free lime CaO. A treatment of CFB ashes by prehydration is proposed and allows to extinguish the quicklime and to form a part of ettringite. The awaited chemical conversions occur well, but the physical and mechanical properties of the pastes of ash are not much improved. An alternative treatment for CFB ashes valorization is by blend these ashes with a ground vitrified blast furnace slag. The binders obtained respect the requirements of the new French standard of road hydraulic binders NF P 15-108. In such a special binder, these ashes play a double role: activation and reinforcement. Even, a simple method proposed, implying IR and the percentage of free lime CaO and S03, leads to an optimal use of ashes and a forecast of the maximum strength
Jacquemot, François. "Accélération du durcissement des liants à base de laitier de haut fourneau pour les produits préfabriqués en béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10123.
Full textThe reported study aims to propose industrially viable solutions in order to accelerate the hardening of ground granulated blast furnace slag in precast concrete products thanks to both chemical and thermal activations. These solutions also have to be durable and environmentally friendly at the same time. More precisely, concrete with high content of slag should reach equivalent short term performance to CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based concrete, when placed in representative conditions of precast concrete industry. An objective of compressive strength was fixed at 23.4 MPa at 8 hours after thermal treatment at 65 °C. Thus, chemical activation of slag only or blended with Portland cement has been the main subject of the experimental works carried out on mortars in order to reach the objective previously defined. On condition that their durability is validated, the solutions that have been developed are by several aspects more advantageous than the CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based reference
Dào, Phuc Lâm. "Valorisation des laitiers LWS dans les mélanges granulaires." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10053/document.
Full textEnhanced value of the slags (LWS) in the granular mixture
Nan, Hammade Vasilica. "Caractérisation et valorisation des déchets et sous-produits industriels dans le domaine du génie civil et en technique routière." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-9.pdf.
Full textJacquemot, François. "Accélération du durcissement des liants à base de laitier de haut fourneau pour les produits préfabriqués en béton." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10123/document.
Full textThe reported study aims to propose industrially viable solutions in order to accelerate the hardening of ground granulated blast furnace slag in precast concrete products thanks to both chemical and thermal activations. These solutions also have to be durable and environmentally friendly at the same time. More precisely, concrete with high content of slag should reach equivalent short term performance to CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based concrete, when placed in representative conditions of precast concrete industry. An objective of compressive strength was fixed at 23.4 MPa at 8 hours after thermal treatment at 65 °C. Thus, chemical activation of slag only or blended with Portland cement has been the main subject of the experimental works carried out on mortars in order to reach the objective previously defined. On condition that their durability is validated, the solutions that have been developed are by several aspects more advantageous than the CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based reference
Zainoun, Katarzyna. "Caractérisation pétrographique, chimique et minéralogique de scories pyrométallurgiques du zinc (haute silésie, Pologne) : étude de la mobilisation du zinc et du plomb lors de l'altération supergène." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a4142f6b-88fb-42af-a7e1-3a713070af37/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0043.pdf.
Full textThe slags and other waste of Zn and Pb pyrometallurgical extraction process form an extensive dump in the city of Świętochłowice, located in the densely habited Upper Silesia region in Poland. Bulk chemical analyses of the studied samples show 0. 5 – 47. 3 wt. % of ZnO and up to 6. 7 wt. % of PbO. Five mineral assemblages of primary pyrometallugical phases occur in slags, dominated by silicates and oxides in various proportions. The content of ZnO is (wt %): 96. 5-99. 5 in zincite, 57. 0-60. 0 in willemite, 0. 70. 33 in spinel, and the content of PbO is 56. 0 – 61. 0 in lead silicate and 0. 0 to 52. 9 in melilite. Significant amounts of secondary sulfates, oxides and hydroxides, carbonates, silicates and arsenates are produced due to action of meteoric water on the slags. Single crystals, incrustations and loose accumulations of new phases are formed in parts of dump slopes protected from direct rainfall as well as in fissures and vesicles in slag blocks. Experiment simulating acid rainfall (at fixed pH=4) shows high transfer of Zn to the solute (up to 2,6 wt. % of Zn) due to congruent dissolution of zincite and incongruent dissolution of monticellite, willemite and Zn-spinels. Lead is less mobile because of secondary precipitation of anglesite. The combined data from natural samples and experiment show the following resistance of primary phases to weathering: spinel>willemite>melilite, monticellite>zincite. Metal mobilization is promoted by acid rainfall, but Zn and Pb may be bounded in solid phases under acid conditions. The precipitation of secondary phases is favored by more basic conditions induced by chemical action of phases occurring in the dump on the solute
Sayagh, Shahinaz. "Approche multicritère de l'utilisation de materiaux alternatifs dans les chaussées." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348412.
Full textPrin-Ferreira, Laurence. "Etude du comportement hydraulique d'une gehlénite synthétique et de l'élimination d'inclusions de chaux, en vue de la valorisation de deux sous-produits de la sidérurgie : les laitiers cristallisés et les scories issues du procédé Linz-Donawitz." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10133.
Full textIn a first part, we studied the hydraulic reactivity of gehlenite, principal component of the crystallized slags, with the principal components of Portland cements, i. E. The silicates and the tricalcium aluminates and the dicalcium silicate, as well as with aluminates CA and C12A7. We showed the inertia of gehlenite when it is used alone and a low reactivity in the presence of the additions, mainly with C3S, where the formation of C4ACH11 confirms the surface hydraulic reactivity of gehlenite. Tests in basic environment confirmed that the increase in the alkalinity of the environment promotes the hydration of gehlenite. It is shown that the reactivity of gehlenite increases when it is crushed finely; there is then hydrated gehlenite formation C2ASH8. The mechanical performances of mortars containing crystallized slags (made up primarily of gehlenite) and cements such as the use of crystallized slags, when they are crushed finely, is possible. In one second part, our objective went on tests of neutralization of the quicklime present in slags of steel-works. It was noted that the addition of acid salts to slag is effective only at the time of th,e attack of the slags crushed by the acid solutions. The formation of the hydrates oflarnite [beta]C2S (portlandite and ettringite), allows the direct contact between acid salts and the lime which then is completely neutralized. Tests at high temperature were carried out on sintered pastilles, placed under conditions close to those of the converter. The results obtained by addition of 5 % of alumina-silica mixtures or fly ash showed that the free lime had completely disappeared to be trapped in the form of silicate and of aluminate. With the additives less rich in acid oxides, like the crystallized or granulated slags or aluminate C12A7, the capacity of inertage is limited
Belhaj, Essia. "Valorisation des laitiers d'aciérie de conversion dans les liants hydrauliques routiers." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10130/document.
Full textBasic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOF slag) valorisation in hydraulic road binders is investigated. The study was conducted on two different aspects. In a first part, BOF slag characterization, their hydraulic behaviour analysis and their thermal and/or chemical activation study were presented. They have interesting compressive strength (50Mpa) at 180 days. The particle size distribution, temperature and CaCl2 improve BOF slag mechanical properties. An industrial study has focused on BOF slag based hydraulic road binders formulation. Their mechanical properties have been studied according to standardization. It results that the use of 30 to 40% of BOF slag in hydraulic road binders is possible. This conclusion represents an attractive solution to enhance these industrial byproducts
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Astoveza, Jennifer. "Ciments composés à base d'aluminate de calcium incorporant des résidus traités valorisables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0075.
Full textThe pressure to decarbonize the cement industry in light of sustainability goals has been motivating the search for new types of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in the recent decades. Industrial residues, which otherwise end up in landfills or find low added-value applications, are of particular interest in near-zero-waste process schemes. This thesis explored the potential for valorization of pre-treated residues as SCM in calcium aluminate cement (CAC)-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (HH) system. These residues included non-ferrous metallurgy (NFM) slags, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ashes, jarosite and paper-fabrication residues. Using isothermal calorimetry and mechanical strength test, a screening test was first established to compare their early-age and the long-term reactivity. The highly-amorphous NFM slags exhibited superior reactivity showing evidence of long-term (> 28 days) contribution to the mechanical strength of mortars at 30 wt% replacement level. However, the slags' slow hydration kinetics in the first days of hydration could be an issue for CAC systems, given that their applications greatly rely on their rapid-hardening property. Moreover, the amorphous nature of the NFM slags and the dominance of iron (Fe) in their composition, set them apart from traditional SCM's. As of this writing, there are only limited publications discussing the hydration mechanism of Fe in CAC-based binders. In order to overcome the slow kinetics of the slag hydration, the influence of three factors, including: (1) the proportion of sulfates by varying the CAC/HH ratio; (2) the addition of lime-rich paper residue at 5 wt% as activator; and (3) the incorporation of 30 wt% PC in ternary CAC-HH-PC systems, were investigated. For all these formulations, the early hydration reactions were characterized using isothermal calorimetry on paste samples. The dimensional stability and mechanical strength were followed using standard mortars up to 1 year curing period. Furthermore, a methodology to estimate the slag hydration degree using a non-destructive technique based on X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) combined with volume analysis was developed in this study. Several techniques were used to follow the phase assemblage evolution, including: X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Lastly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy were also performed in order to gain a better understanding of the fate of Fe, the main component of the slag, during hydration
Kolani, Batian. "Comportement au jeune âge des structures en béton armé à base de liants composés aux laitiers." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1849/.
Full textThe specifications for the construction of massive structures provided to construction companies are increasingly restrictive with respect to cracks due to dimensional effects at early age. To quantify the risk of early age cracking of structures, the construction companies must have a validated numerical simulation tool to apprehend the Thermo-Chemo-Hydro-Mechanical behavior of concrete at early age. Previous research realized at LMDC has lead to the development of a model of early age behavior of concrete made with blended cements containing pozzolanic addition. For an application to real civil engineering structures (with reinforcement), this work focuses on the validation of the concrete early age behavior model on a real massive structure. After an experimental characterization of the behavior of concrete at early age, an original approach is proposed for the modeling of reinforced concrete. A complete model is then tested on a massive structure casted and instrumented within the framework of the French National Project CEOS. Fr (I-shaped structure with constrained deformations). In addition, due to the increasing use of binary or ternary binders containing blast furnace slag, an extension of this modeling was necessary to take into account the particular chemical behavior of this addition. An original stoichiometric model is proposed to apprehend the physico-chemical reactions that occur during the hydration of slag when blended with clinker. The model allows, among other things, to manage the evolution of the C/S ratio of C-S-H formed by the slag as a function of portlandite produced by the clinker and that is necessary when taking into account explicitly the interactions between the two phases. Ultimately, we have a tool which can be used to apprehend the early age behavior of real reinforced concrete structures made with blended cements
Chaulet, Jérémy. "Modélisation du procédé de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur : représentation des transferts énergétiques métal-laitier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0145.
Full textThe electroslag remelting process (ESR) is used to produce high added value alloys characterized by a higher metallurgical quality. These alloys are reserved for specific industries, such as aeronautics or energy. Numerical modeling of the ESR process is a tool-of-choice to gain a better understanding of the phenomena occurring during the remelting and optimize the operation. In order to improve a 2D axisymmetric model of the ESR process, previously developed at the Jean Lamour Institute in close collaboration with Aubert & Duval company, an accurate description of the metal transfers to the ingot via the liquid metal droplets has been developed. First of all, liquid metal droplets behavior has been investigated using a specifically developed 2D diphasic model of the slag bath. This model has been supported by 3D detailed simulations of dripping phenomena during electroslag remelting, performed at Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Austria). The influence of falling drops on the slag hydrodynamics, heat tranfer and electromagnetic phenomena has been highlighted. Afterwards, a simplified model of drops-slag interactions has been implemented into the global ESR model. The liquid metal transfer representation at the top of the ingot has then been enhanced, and considers the in-depth impact on the melt pool. The newly developed version of the global model has been validated by comparing results to industrial-sized remelted ingots. In order to discuss the relationship between power consumed and melt rate, a 1D thermal model of the consumable electrode has been set-up. The latter has been implemented into the global ESR model to estimate the melt rate. Finally, industrial-scale ingots have been specially remelted to study the influence of electrode immersion depth. Associating experimental observations and simulation results, three immersion regimes have been distinguished, especially regarding to the slag equivalent resistance. The impact of immersion depth on ingot solidification have been discussed
Jarrier, Catherine. "Minéralogie, pétrologie et géochimie des résidus sidérurgiques gallo-romains (Ariège et Montagne Noire) ; comparaison avec les résultats des essais in situ de réduction directe du fer." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30272.
Full textAllain, Eric. "Recyclage des pentoxydes de tantale et de niobium contenus dans les scories de four à étain par une voie hydro-pyrometallurgique." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10031.
Full textEttler, Vojtěch. "Etude du potentiel polluant de rejets anciens et actuels de la métallurgie du plomb dans le district de Přibram (République tchèque)." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002329.
Full textL'étude de l'altération naturelle a révélé que les mattes sulfurées sont beaucoup plus réactives que les laitiers silicatés. La rareté des signes d'altération naturelle confirme la bonne stabilité des scories et des laitiers dans les conditions climatiques du site étudié. Deux types d'altération ont été identifiés en particulier dans les laitiers les plus anciens : i) lessivage du verre, ii) précipitation des phases secondaires de composition complexe dans les fissures ou à la surface des laitiers.
Deux types d'essais de lixiviation ont été menés à long terme (une année) : i : lixiviation de sections polies afin de déterminer le lessivage préférentiel des phases dans les conditions extrêmes, basiques et acides et complexantes et ii) lixiviation de poudres afin de déterminer l'évolution de transport des éléments dans la solution. Les essais de lixiviation ont été couplés à la modélisation thermodynamique (EQ3NR) qui a permis de déterminer la spéciation des éléments dans les solutions et le degré de saturation des lixiviats vis-à-vis des différentes phases solides. Les résultats du modèle thermodynamique ont été complétés par une détermination de phases néoformées utilisant les analyses : DRX, MEB/EDS et MET. Le code de calcul PHREEQC-2 a été employé pour une simulation d'adsorption de l'arsenic et d'autres éléments à la surface des oxy-hydroxydes de fer.
Pour les stockage de ce type de déchets, nous proposons un scénario à l'air libre qui permet une précipitation de cérusité et la formation d'oxy-hydroxydes de fer piégeant efficacement l'arsenic et d'autres éléments toxiques. Une technologie de trempe produit des laitiers non valorisables, fragiles et riches en verre, susceptibles de libérer des quantités importantes de plomb. Les essais de lixiviation montrent qu ‘une quantité significative de Pb et d'autres métaux est libérée en conditions complexantes organiques et dans des solutions extrêmement basiques saturées par un excés de chaux. Par conséquent, le stockage dans les sols riches en matière organique ou l'utilisation des laitiers comme ajouts dans les bétons, ne représentent pas les solutions favorables. La valorisation de ces laitiers comme granulats dans les constructions routières est recommandée, mais nécessite des études complémentaires.
Steger, Laurent. "Etude de l'accélération des ciments à haute teneur en laitier de haut-fourneaux par du chlorure de calcium." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30333.
Full textBlast furnace slags are a co-product of the metallurgical industry, used in composite cements (CEM II & III) as a partial substitution for Portland clinker and recognized in particular for their advantages in terms of lowering the heat of hydration, increased durability performance and reduced carbon footprint of concrete. Although achieving ultimate mechanical performance comparable to or better than Portland cement (CEM I), binders offering high levels of slag see the development of their mechanical strength greatly slowed down. This phenomenon is explained by a lower reactivity of the slag which requires "activation" conditions to react properly. There are various additives that accelerate the hardening of cements, among which calcium chloride shows the best performance. The effects of calcium chloride are particularly important during the first days of hydration. However, their use is strongly regulated because of the corrosive effect of chlorine on steels of reinforced concrete. The objectives of the thesis are to study the mechanisms of action of calcium chloride on cement-slag binders during the first days of hydration. A panel of experimental techniques has been used to specifically identify the action of chlorides on slag and cement. Coupled results from XRD-NMR SEM experiments show that calcium chloride causes an accelerated precipitation of portlandite and ettringite, resulting from the increase in the reaction rate of clinker. The start of the slag reaction takes place after about 12 hours, and is not impacted by the calcium chloride. On the other hand, the reaction rate of the slag increases in the presence of the accelerator. The rapid, significant and exclusive formation of Friedel salts in the presence of chloride is observed, replacing sulphated and / or carbonated AFm. Increasing the reaction rate of the anhydrous phases results in the precipitation of additional C-S-H. This formation of Friedel salts and C-S-H causes a faster filling of the porosity and the increase of the mechanical performances
Karam, Reine. "Valorisation de sédiments marins non calcinés dans un liant alcali-activé à base de Laitier de Haut-Fourneau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0052.
Full textIn a world that is increasingly oriented towards sustainable development, alkali-activated materials (AAM) based on industrial by-products such as granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS), have emerged as new types of binders for various applications in the field of civil engineering. AAMs are of great importance because they have high mechanical strength and good resistance to chemical attack.On the other hand, dredged marine sediments can also be used as precursors of such binders. In Europe, large volumes of sediment are dredged annually in ports, but changes in regulations will tend to restrict their disposal at sea.The recovery of part of these sediments as raw materials for binders would help to limit their storage and give them added value.Our study is then oriented towards the production of an alkali-activated mineral binder, based on the activation of GGBFS, incorporating the fine fraction of un-calcined marine dredged sediments.The first objective of this work is to study the effect of sediment incorporation on alkaline activation and the second is to determine the sediment constituents that are at the basis of the disturbance of alkaline activation kinetics. A multi-scale macro and microstructural analysis approach was used to characterize the raw and formulated materials and highlight the influencing factors
Waligora, Julien. "Obtention de granulats stables de laitier d'aciérie de conversion LD pour une utilisation en technique routière : étude appliquée au site d'ArcelorMittal Dunkerque." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10162/document.
Full textLD converter steel slags are industrial by-products resulting from Linz-Donawitz steelmaking process in oxygen converters. Due to a dimensional instability, attributed to lime and magnesia contained into slag grains, they are not much valuated in road construction. The aim of this PhD thesis, concerning LD steel slags coming from ArcelorMittal Dunkirk steelmaking plant, was : (i) identify the minerai phases responsible for their instability and understand the mechanisms leading to dimensional damages, (ii) isolate into the steelmaking plant the slag outflows that are sufficiently stable for an use in road construction. Carefully chemical and mineralogical characterisations of these slags showed that they contain calcium silicates (essentially dicalcium silicate and punctually tricalcium silicate), calcium ferrites, iron oxides and two forms of lime: sorne nodules and sorne micro-inclusions. It was also established that without the presence of magnesia, lime is the only phase responsible for dimensional damages and that its distribution into slag grains (nodules, micro-inclusions) has a major influence on their stability. Moreover, taking account of certain industrial parameters, it is expected to produce stable slag grains and to incorporate them into wearing course, roadbase, base course or surface dressing. This work finally provides a new way for valuating LD converter steel slags
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160/document.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Wiencke, Jan-Christian. "Analysis of the electrochemical processes during the production of liquid iron by Molten Oxide Electrolysis." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0329.
Full textMolten oxide electrolysis (MOE) is an ambitious technique for the production of liquid iron by the use of renewable energies and thus lower CO2 emissions in the steel industry. In this concept, electrolysis is used to produce gaseous O2 and liquid iron metal at temperatures above 1810 K. In the experimental study presented here the key-parameters of the electrochemical reactions in a magnesio-aluminosilicate electrolyte and at the electrodes during MOE are investigated. A significant amount of liquid iron metal was produced during experiments of several hours. SEM-EDS analysis of the deposit revealed an alloy of iron metal and of the cathode material, which thereby indicates high process selectivity. Investigation of the electrolyte’s response in dependence of cell voltage and iron concentration inferred a diffusional limitation at low iron oxide concentrations at potentials below 1.5 V. The cathode half-reaction was identified as the reduction of ferrous iron to liquid iron metal. Using Tafel interpretation reaction-transfer coefficients close to 0.6 and an order of reaction around 1 were determined. The analysis of the anode half-reaction showed that in low iron bearing molten oxides, oxide anions were firstly oxidized into O2 gas. At high iron concentrations the charge transfer is conducted in the entire cell voltage range by the oxidation of ferrous iron. The participation of oxide anions in the charge transfer was only witnessed at high cell voltages. In the entire compositional range a limitation of the measured current due to the anode half reaction was not observed
Moula, Soufien. "Comportement à court et long termes des bétons à ultra-hautes performances (BUHP) à base de laitiers des hauts fourneaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1019.
Full textUltra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a relatively new type of cement-based composite with exceptional mechanical and durability properties. This work explores the possibility of developing a more sustainable UHPC with a high level of cement replacement (up to 50%) by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and low silica fume (SF) content. In this study, cement is replaced by slag at 30% and 50% by volume. Slags of two different finenesses are used, with Blaine finenesses of 420 m²/kg (SL1) and 700 m²/kg (SL2), respectively, at a constant water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.16 for all mixes. The effects of slag fineness and dosage on the early-age and long-term behaviour of UHPC are investigated.Experimental results show that it is indeed possible to produce SL2-based UHPCs with a behaviour similar to that of conventional silica fume-based materials. Partial replacement of cement with low slag content (30%) reduces the need for superplasticizer (SP), promotes the hydration process and accelerates setting. With high SL1 content (50%), the SP content increases, resulting in a delay in the hydration reaction and setting. However, the workability of the UHPC containing 50% of SL2 was significantly improved. An acceleration effect was therefore observed. The SL2-based mixes (at 30% replacement level) show the highest autogenous shrinkage. Compressive strength measurements indicate that a 30% SL1 content slightly improves the compressive strength of the concrete at 28 days. Due to its relatively high reactivity, SL2 increases the compressive strength at 3 days at a low level. The compressive strength of the mix containing 50% of SL2 was close to that of the reference concrete after 28 days of hydration. The results also show that all the UHPCs tested have a splitting tensile strength greater than 6 MPa at 28 days. The microstructure characterization showed that all the mixes analysed have an ultra-dense microstructure with reduced porosity. The effect of slag was more pronounced at 30% and 50% of SL2 replacement and with the presence of SF particles. In this case, the porosity of these concretes was extremely reduced and the overall pore network became finer, reducing their transfer properties. In the long term, all mixes show superior durability as their matrices are almost impermeable to carbon dioxide and chloride.From an environmental point of view, the partial replacement of cement with GGBS reduces the environmental impact of UHPC. For 1 m3 of UHPC, the incorporation of 50% of superfine slag (SL2) reduces CO2 emissions by about 41%, making SL2-50SF more sustainable than the SF-based reference concrete. However, this high SL2 content increases the production cost by 15%, compared to the reference mix
Le, Cornec Domitille. "Étude de la structure des laitiers vitrifiés de hauts-fourneaux et de leur réactivité à l'eau en milieu basique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS556.
Full textBlast-furnace slag is a by-product of steel industry used as a supplementary cementitious material. This calcium (Ca)-rich aluminosilicate glass has latent hydraulic properties. It can be used to make slag cements with low-carbon footprints and high resistances to aggressive environments.The objective of this thesis is, first, to study the glassy structure of slags and its impact on the properties of the material. We use chemically selective techniques (XANES and EXAFS), medium-range analysis (SEM, EPR, PDF) and complete these results with a simulation. The hydration of slag is based on a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism in which Ca plays a significant role. This element is in complex environments and is not randomly distributed in the glassy structure. The Ca sites form a modifier sublattice which could make the dissolution of the slag easier.We, then, study the speciation of titanium (Ti) in the slags. This element is minimally present in the composition but according to industrial reports, it lowers the mechanical resistance of mortars containing slag cements. Ti is mainly five-fold coordinated and stabilizes the glassy structure. This could lead to a loss of reactivity of the material and cause the industrially observed performance deterioration. Compressive strength tests are performed on micro-mortars
Seignez, Nicolas. "Nano-structures et mécanismes d'altération d'un vitrifiat issu de la métallurgie du plomb : similitudes et spécificités vis-à-vis de matériaux vitreux d'origine industrielle et naturelle." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0f9b049c-67ae-4eb1-9e1f-bdcf6cf0284e.
Full textSarperi, Laura. "Développement d'une filière de production de bio-GNV à partir de biogaz agricole à l'echelle individuelle." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0169/document.
Full textBio-NGV (bio- Natural Gas for Vehicles) is a bio-fuel based on the biogas in which components such as CO2and H2S are removed. But the economical feasibility of available and commercial technologies to perform these removals is limited to 80 Nm3/h of treated biogas. Regarding farm scale biogas plant, fuel needs of 1 fill-upper day would represent the treatment of only 1 Nm3/hof raw biogas. The aim of our work was to develop a solution economically adapted to farm scale to produce bio-NGV from biogas. An alternative and low cost material, BOF slag (Basic Oxygen Furnace slag), was then identified to perform CO2 removal by accelerated carbonation and H2S removal by iron sulfidation. The accelerated carbonation feasibility was evaluated in batch and dynamic reactors under laboratory conditions. But, removal capacities obtained were insufficient to be used under real conditions. Lime was then tested and CO2 removal capacities observed were higher than BOFslag ones but still insufficient. Iron sulfidation by H2Swas also tested under laboratory conditions. Batch reactor and dynamic column investigations led to an interesting H2S removal capacity of 7,0 ± 1,0 gH2S/kgBOF. Based on this result, performances were also validated under real conditions on the biogas produced on site field. According to the whole experimental data, the complete process of bio-NGV production was designed including the H2S removal performed by BOF slag, CO2 removal achieved in two membranes and the 200 bars compression. Finally, the overall economical balance has showed that a total investment of 75 000 € with a subsidy rates of 30% and a weekly fuel consumption between 6 and 28 fill-up/week will lead to a profitable project
Hodaj, Fiqiri. "Thermodynamique et cinétique des échanges métal-laitier en métallurgie d'élaboration." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0081.
Full textSpannagel, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude du système silicate décalcique-phosphate tricalcique et son intérêt dans la caractérisation et la valorisation de scories d'aciéries." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10371.
Full textZri, Abdeljalil. "Mise en place d’une nouvelle approche de formulation d’une matrice cimentaire à base de sable de dragage : application aux bétons de sables et granulats." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10172/document.
Full textOn the one hand, against a backdrop of deposits lack and depletion of natural resources in terms of aggregates and, on the second hand, in the presence of abundant marine material from dredging operations, the emerging idea is to recover these wastes in a cement matrix for two applications: standard sand concrete and aggregates. From this perspective, our interest is to propose an alternative to conventional concrete for some applications. The formulation study is a complex task and the nature of the basic materials accentuates it further. The study consists to propose a new formulation method of standard sand concrete. Given the extensive granular, the incorporation of a filler is judicious and essential both for technical reasons such as improving the compactness and economic such as reducing the cement mixture. Through the characterization phase of our sand concrete, several test protocols have been established to highlight the qualities of this material and promote its current use. To describe the behavior of our concrete sand, we carried out characterization towards several phenomena that is: compressive strength, tensile strength, static and dynamic elasticity modulus, consistency, hydration at early ages, shrinkage on drying kinetics, microstructure and quantification of different forms of water in the cement matrix. In a similar manner, we proposed a methodology formulation of aggregates based on the same materials as concrete sand. The aggregates tested were manufactured by extrusion. The results of characterizations of concrete and aggregates sand are very promising
Namoulniara, Diatto Kevin. "Etude expérimentale de la diffusion du CO2 et des cinétiques de carbonatation de matériaux cimentaires à faible dosage en clinker." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS008/document.
Full textOne solution for reducing the environmental impact of concrete is to substitute a part of cement by mineral additions, such as granulated blast furnace slag. However, this substitution should not reduce the performances of concrete with respect to carbonation, one of the main ageing phenomena of reinforced concrete structures. Carbonation is a chemical reaction between the cement matrix and the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In addition to the formation of calcium carbonate, this reaction results in a pH reduction of the pore solution and a risk of corrosion. Laboratory accelerated tests show a wide disparity between the carbonation resistance of high mechanical performances concretes with low porosity and the resistance of more porous and more usual ones. The objective of this thesis is to better understand the phenomenon of carbonation of cementitious materials, including those containing blast furnace slags. This work was carried out by decoupling the phenomena involved in carbonation that are gaseous diffusion, chemical reactions and water transfers. First, an experimental device for measuring the CO2 diffusion coefficient was developed. After validation, the latter was used in a parametric study carried out on cement pastes showing the influence of composition and carbonation on the diffusion coefficient. The second part of the thesis work focused on studying the kinetics of carbonation of pastes with respect to the degree of water saturation. Prior to carbonation, the studied pastes were conserved during a long period at various RH to achieve hydric equilibrium. The carbonation kinetics of small size samples of pastes was studied by means of monitoring of weight changes and thermogravimetric analyzes for identification of residual hydrates and formed carbonates. We have thus shown differences in behavior of hydrates and binders during carbonation involving the material microstructure
Saouti, Leo. "Ordures ménagères résiduelles (OMR) : modèle, mise en monture et stabilisation/solidification." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR114.
Full textMillions of tonnes of waste are treated every year throughout the world. There are wide disparities in waste treatment techniques, depending on the level of development of individual countries. In France, an Anjou-based start-up called Néolithe is proposing a new way of treating non-hazardous, non-inert waste: fossilisation. The process involves shredding the waste, mixing it with a hydraulic binder and then extruding it to produce aggregates called Anthropocite®. The work in this thesis concerns the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW). It consists of three parts: the preparation of a model representative of residual household waste, the use of ash as a binder matrix, and the solidification of the residual household waste model with various selected binders. For organic fractions, the preparation of a model representative of household waste requires drying and shredding to suit the fineness of grind required. Specific shredders should be used for plastic waste. The characterisation and reactivity of biomass ash - fly ash and underfired ash - were studied. Activation tests (NaOH and Na2SiO3) were carried out on the two types of ash with the following variables: water to binder ratio (W/B) and activator to precursor ratio (A/P). A precursor composed of ash (P1) and slag (P3) was proposed. Favourable conditions to obtain minimum compressive strengths of 25 MPa at 28 days are a W/B ratio of 0.4, an A/P ratio of 0.2 and a P1/P3 ratio of 1.50. The following binders were selected for the study of mixes with SRM grindings: an activated slag, a precursor composed of ash and slag, a hydraulic binder called Ligam and a Portland cement (CEM I). The initial tests on the mixes enabled protocols for the inclusion of fermentable residual waste (FRW) to be established. All binders show delays in setting and solidification during inclusion. It is essential to hydrate the waste (FRW) when mixing with the binders, but each binder has a different optimum to add water to FRW. It is possible to solidify the model representative of MSW with hydraulic binders as well as with alkali-activated binders. Hydraulic binders appear to be more robust in terms of the nature of the components than the inclusion of the MSW model in mortars. This work makes it possible to establish a database, which is necessary for further work on the solidification/stabilisation of MSW
Miraoui, Mohamed. "Prétraitement et traitement des sédiments de dragage en vue d'une valorisation dans le génie civil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10168/document.
Full textThis work is integrated in global thematic developed in Civil Engineering & Environmental Department of the Ecole des Mines de Douai. This thematic relate to the valorization of industrial co products to development an alternative solutions in terms of civil engineering materials. The experimental study developed in this thesis consists to use two materials: dredged sediment and steel slag.The manuscript content five chapters for discuss this approach to developed an experimental methodology to the valorisation of these materials in road construction. In the first chapter, a literature study of dredged sediments and steel slag has been realised. In this part, we studied composition, current management and actual legislation setting their management. In the second chapter, the general characterisation of used materials has been achieved. This part tends to understand the physical, mechanical and environmental behaviour of dredged sediment and steel slag. The third chapter, the natural drying of two types of fine dredged sediments is discussed. In the following, the efficiency of the evaporation and/or drainage has been discussed. The object of this part is to observe the results in terms of water-content decrease by evaporation and drainage in terms to physical characteristics, composition and initial water content of the sediments. The fourth chapter consists to develop a formulation of road materials of dredged sediments mixed to steel slag. Firstly, the treatment of the efficiency of sediment treatments with lime and cement are discussed. Then, a making of a road material with dredged sediment treated with steel slag is discussed. In this part we adapted of packing density model to sediments and steel slags. The last chapter considers the design of base course composed of sediments and steel slags. The design is realised according to méthode française de dimensionnements des chaussées
Le, Coq Xavier. "Étude physico-chimique de matériaux réfractaires de type dolomie-carbone, leur oxydation par les GAZ et leur corrosion par un laitier de désulfuration." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10335.
Full textHouecande, Orianne. "Chimie de l'eau et transport particulaire dans un crassier sidérurgique : de la zone non saturée à la zone saturée." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM022/document.
Full textMobile soil particles can transport pollutants to groundwater. In slag heaps, leached metallic elements contribute to soil water contamination. The aim of this work is to identify the role of slag particles in contaminant transport under unsaturated and saturated conditions. Mineralogical compositions and physicochemical properties of slags are first determined. The analysis show high temperature slag phases and weathering phases. Percolation tests are also carried out in repacked waste columns under infiltration/drying cycles to find out the effects of dry periods on in situ particle mobilization. Preferential flows lead to rapid transport of solute through the repacked column in vadose zone. Leachates are characterized by high pH and high concentrations of calcium, aluminum and silicon, molybdenum, chromium in the fusion slags. Speciation calculations showed that the leachates are saturated in calcium silicate hydrates. Laser size analyzer shows that the slag particles mobilized during the simulated rain events are around 200 µm, which suggests low mobility in the less permeable underlying formations
Yin, Nang Htay. "Weathering of metallurgical slags : a comprehensive study on the importance of chemical and biological contributions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1125/document.
Full textPrimary smelting slags, known as Lead Blast Furnace (LBF) and Imperial Smelting Furnace (ISF), were generated by the former pyrometallurgical industries located in Noyelles-Godault, Northern France. Following its closure in 2003, 4 million tons of primary slags have been landfilled as a heap in the vicinity of the Deûle River, near the industrial basin of Nord-Pas-de-Calais. These slag materials are often enriched in particular metals (Pb, Zn) that can be released into the environment through alteration processes and leaching. Many biological and chemical processes might take place within these tailings and thus affect significantly the slag weathering. Predicting the environmental impact of these wastes requires an understanding of the mineral-water interactions as well as the influence of the biological activities (the involvement of microorganisms). Thus, this research is designed to simulate the natural weathering of slag by simulating different weathering conditions with or without the involvement of the microorganisms as well as by varying several chemical parameters. Chemical weathering of both LBF and ISF slags was studied by as a function of pHs (4, 5.5, 7, 8.5 and 10) as well as under two atmospheres (open air and nitrogen). Significant amounts of Ca, Fe and Zn were released under acidic conditions (pH 4) with a decrease towards the neutral to alkaline conditions (pH 7 and 10) for both slags. The concentrations of all elements increased gradually after 216 h compared to initial 24 h of leaching period. The presence of oxygen under open-air atmosphere not only enhanced oxidative weathering but also encouraged formation of secondary oxide and carbonate phases. In addition, Zn dissolution was related to extremes zinc isotopic signatures in the leachate; heavier δ66Zn values at low pH than at high pH for both slags under open-air atmosphere. On the other hand, bioweathering of both slags was studied in the presence of a pure heterotrophic bacterial strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in a bioreactor operated in batch conditon as well as in a semi-flow through reactor with intermittent leachate renewal conditions. P. aeruginosa is shown to play a significant role in slags weathering by enhancing the leaching and solubility of Zn and Pb. In addition, the cumulative bulk release of dissolved Fe, Si, Ca and Mg doubled in the presence of bacteria, probably due to the release of soluble complexing organic molecules (e.g. siderophores). Bacterial biomass served as the bioadsorbent for Pb, Fe and Zn as 70-80% of Pb and Fe, 40-60% of Zn released are attached to and immobilized by the bacterial biomass. Oxides, hydroxides and carbonates were predicted as secondary phases during chemical weathering of slags whereas carbonates and phosphates were dominant phases during bioweathering. These predictions were in agreement with the observations by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis
Hugo, Mathilde. "Contribution à la modélisation du procédé de refusion sous laitier éléctroconducteur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0091.
Full textThe ElectroSlag Remelting process (ESR) is widely used to produce high added value alloys for critical applications (aerospace industry, nuclear plants, etc.). Trial-and-error based approaches being expensive, numerical simulation is fundamental to improve the knowledge and the understanding of this complex process. The Institut Jean Lamour has been developing for several years a numerical code to simulate the melting of a consumable electrode, supposedly perfectly cylindrical, within a mold assumed to be perfectly electrically insulated from the electrode-slag-ingot system. Based on these assumptions, the 2-D axisymmetrical transient-state numerical model accounts for electromagnetic phenomena and coupled heat and momentum transfers, to simulate the continuous growth of the electroslag remelted ingot and the solidification of the metal and slag. Recent studies on the ESR process are challenging the insulated mold hypothesis. Therefore, the main objective of the thesis is to acknowledge and study the existence of a mold current during an ESR remelting. A first model has been set-up, aimed to simulate the electromagnetic phenomena in the whole system for a simplified geometry. The possibility of the existence of such a mold current was confirmed. Based on this work, a fully-coupled model has then been developed and the results have been compared with experimental data to check the validity of the modifications. The influence of slag properties and operating parameters on the final quality of the ingot has been tested
Seifi, Sahar. "Conception d'éco-liants et/ou éco-matériaux à partir de cendres volantes papetières et laitier moulu." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC287/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the development of an eco-binder based on industrial co-products : a wastepapery ash and a ground granulated blast-furnace slag, for the manufacture of dry mortars. On the one hand,this eco-binder was developed to replace partially cement as a constituent of traditional materials, andon the other hand to recycle in large quantities one of these two industrial wastes ; wastepaper fly ashwith considering all the notions of circular economy and eco-design. From literature, there are numerousand relevant research works on the different types of ash and slag, highlighting the characteristics, themineralogy, the reactivity of the wastepaper fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slags in details.These two co-products with about 20 wt.% SiO2 and 50 wt.% CaO have a chemical composition veryclose to that of a cement and develop pozzolanic properties that can replace those of cement. Theirvalorization as a binder material is then possible. A complete knowledge of the physicochemical, structuraland mineralogical properties of wastepaper fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag led to anexploratory study of formulations for dry mortars. The mixtures containing 72 wt.% of wastepaper fly ashand 28 wt.% of ground granulated blast-furnace slag were investigated with reference to the formulationof a standard mortar to optimize the water content and compaction energy level. A specific equipment forcompacting prismatic specimens with dimensions 4x4x16 cm3 was used. The effect of adding three types ofactivators i.e. calcium chloride CaCl2, sodium metasilicate Na2O3Si and sodium carbonate Na2CO3, anda small amount of cement i.e. 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% was analyzed. The relation between mechanical strengthand the microstructure of the mixtures has been detailed and discussed. Two optimal formulations wereimplemented and, mineralogy, mechanical strength at 2, 7 and 28 days of curing, microstructure withSEM images, pore distributions and durability have been considered and analyzed. Taking into accountthe satisfactory results obtained, a semi-industrial approach to manufacture 15x15x15 cm3 blocks fromthe two selected formulations was conducted and discussed. The first results show a great interest in themanufacture of blocks of pavement and derived products for the construction of pedestrian or reducedtraffic areas
Chaurand, Perrine. "Apport de la cristallochimie et de la spéciation du chrome et du vanadium à la modélisation de l'altération de granulats artificiels (sous-produits d'aciérie)." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189579.
Full textLe Cr exclusivement trivalent, très stable dans les sites octaédriques d'une ferrite de calcium, est très peu relargué lors des tests de lixiviation en laboratoire et en lysimètre. Une phase de type spinelle, issue de l'altération de (Fe, Mn, Mg)O contrôle également la mobilité du Cr(III). Au contraire, le V(III) subit une oxydation en V(V) au sein même de sa phase porteuse, qui s'accompagne d'une perte de symétrie, à l'origine de sa mobilité à l'échelle du laboratoire.
Les données issues de ces expériences ont permis d'écrire les équations thermodynamiques d'équilibre à l'origine de l'initialisation d'un modèle géochimique robuste (CHESS) reproduisant l'altération des LAC : évolution minéralogique et courbes cinétiques de relargage obtenues lors des tests de lixiviation statique et dynamique en laboratoire. Ce modèle vise à terme à prédire le comportement à long terme des LAC dans un scénario de valorisation donné.
Vanhamme, Géraldine. "Etude de la réactivité des alitiers du haut-fourneau dans les ciments de type CEM III." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209956.
Full textDans ce contexte, le présent travail a pour but d’investiguer l’influence de la composition chimique et de l’âge des laitiers sur leur réactivité tant par des essais physico-mécaniques que par une caractérisation physico-chimique et minéralogique de CEM III/B à différentes échéances d’hydratation. L’effet néfaste du vieillissement des laitiers est clairement mis en exergue et son impact diffère selon la composition chimique de départ du laitier. Les ions aluminium engendrent une accélération de l’hydratation et une amélioration des résistances physico-mécaniques à jeune âge mais, à long terme, ils conduisent à une perte de ces dernières. Concernant l’influence des ions titane dans les laitiers, la tendance générale observée est une diminution des performances physico-mécaniques.
Sur base de ces résultats, une évaluation de la représentativité de moyens accélérés d’estimation de la réactivité des laitiers est effectuée. Il est mis en évidence que seules les mesures de résistances physico-mécaniques classiques permettent d’évaluer correctement la réactivité des différents laitiers.
Une évaluation de la détermination de la teneur en constituants de CEM III/B par la méthode Rietveld est menée par comparaison avec la méthode de dissolution sélective de la norme EN 196-4 et le dosage des constituants par pesée. Moyennant une utilisation adaptée de cette méthode, les résultats obtenus à l’aide de celle-ci sont très encourageants.
In Europe, following the closure of many steel plants, an increased use of blast furnace slag (BFS) of various age and origin was born for several years. This evolution leads to a diversification of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the BFS. Knowing the influence of these characteristics on the reactivity of slag used in substitution of clinker in blast-furnace cement (CEM III) becomes, therefore, crucial to ensure the performance of such cements.
In this context, this work aims to investigate the influence of chemical composition and age of BFS on their reactivity by both physico-mechanical and physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization of CEM III/B at different times of hydration. The adverse effect of ageing of BFS is clearly highlighted and its impact varies depending on the chemical composition of the BFS. Aluminum ions generate an acceleration of the hydration and improve mechanical strength at early age, but at long term, they lead to a loss of the strength. Regarding the influence of titanium ions in the BFS, the general trend is a decrease of the physical and mechanical performance.
Based on these results, an assessment of the representativeness of accelerated means of estimating, the BFS reactivity is done. It is emphasized that only measures of physical and conventional mechanical strength can accurately assess the reactivity of different BFS.
An evaluation of the determination of the amount of CEM III/B components by the Rietveld method is based upon comparison with the selective dissolution method from the EN 196-4 norm and components determination by weight. Through appropriate use of this method, the results obtained are very encouraging.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
De, Oliveira Campos Leandro Dijon. "Mass transfer coefficients across dynamic liquid steel/slag interface." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0554/document.
Full textIn order to characterize the mass transfer coefficients (MTC) of different species across liquid steel/slag interface, a multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was developed. MTC’s are estimated from models based on physicochemical and hydrodynamic parameters, such as mass diffusivity, interface shear and divergence strength. These models were developed for gas-liquid interactions with relative low Schmidt (Sc=ν⁄D) numbers (Sc≈200). However, the industrial processes involve mass transfer of chemical species with Sc number ranging from 103 to 104. To evaluate the applicability of these existing models, the fluid flow in the vicinity of a liquid/liquid interface is investigated. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) were used to calculate and measure the velocity field on a continuous casting (CC) water model configuration. The work provides new insights and original measures to understand the fluid flow near liquid-liquid interfaces.The mass transfer model of an industrial continuous casting mold showed that the mass transfer coefficients are not homogeneously distributed, and slag properties should follow this trend. This non-homogeneity was confirmed by physical experiments performed with a water model of a CC configuration and its CFD representation. The calculated flow was used to predict the MTC and the interface area between phases, since the interface is constantly moving. These parameters will be the input of thermodynamic models to predict slag composition and viscosity. This methodology is currently under validation, and it will also be applied to improve steel plant performance in the desulphurization process