Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laitue – Croissance'
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Valle, Benoît. "Modélisation et optimisation de la croissance de la laitue dans un système agrivoltaïque dynamique." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0017.
Full textAgrivoltaic systems, combining solar panels and crops on the same land were proposed in the early 1980’s as a solution to solve land use conflict. Introduced in 2010 in Montpellier, the concept has proven itself associating fixed panels to multiple food crops. Total land productivity was improved, thanks to plant acclimation to shade. In this thesis, fixed panels were replaced with mobile panels, adjustable along the day. The aim of this work was to optimize solar panel orientations to maximise total land productivity without threatening the crop culture. Growth and development of lettuces were analysed in controlled conditions and in the field under several shading conditions by fixed or mobile panels. Total land productivity was improved with mobile panels in comparison with fixed panels, maintaining lettuce yield under certain conditions. Through an ecophysiological approach based on plant development and its ability to intercept and convert light into biomass, the different shading conditions were shown to have a small impact in the plant leaf area dynamic despite large differences in accumulated dry mass associated with transmitted radiation at the plant level. This was due to differences in leaf development resulted in higher use of the transmitted radiation when it was reduced. This study proposed a modelling approach of the incidence of panel orientations on lettuce dry mass at harvest. The model allows an optimisation of solar panels controlling as a function of climate scenario and crop and electricity production objectives
Bélanger, Jérôme. "Effets de la photopériode et de la température nocturne lors de la croissance des transplants de laitue iceberg et romaine (Lactuca sativa L.) en serre sur l'incidence de la montaison au champ." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25431/25431.pdf.
Full textCorriveau, Boulay Jennifer. "Étude des effets de diverses pratiques culturales sur la croissance de la laitue et sur l'incidence de la brûlure de la pointe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28386/28386.pdf.
Full textSasidharan, L. Swathy. "Modélisation de la croissance des plantes supérieures pour les systèmes de support-vie : modèle métabolique de la feuille de laitue considérant la conversion d'énergie et le métabolisme central du carbone." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797968.
Full textDeravel, Jovana. "Caractérisation des lipopeptides d’origine non ribosomique comme biopesticides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10126.
Full textThe first aim of this work was to study the role played by the lipopeptides of Bacillus spp. in the colonization of the tomato rhizosphere. While only the strains producing surfactin are able to colonize a synthetic agar medium, all the strains are able to colonize the rhizosphere of tomatoes with a more or less good efficiency, whatever the lipopeptide(s) they have the capability to produce. The efficiency of the colonization of the tomato rhizosphere is species-dependant. However, surfactine seems to improve the efficiency of only the good colonizing strains. The second aim of this thesis was to test the effect of surfactin and mycosubtilin against a biotrophic parasite of lettuce: Bremia lactucae. Used at 100 mg/L, mycosubtilin reduces the percentage of infested plants of 70 %. Surfactin does not have effect against the fungy. A mixture of mycosubtilin and surfactin at both 50 mg/L decreases the percentage of infested plants of 65 %. This mixture seems to reduce the number of spore per infested plant while this property was not found for the other treatments. The use of mycosubtilin in a greenhouse confines the disease to the lowest classes of severity and protects the healthy plants from a cross contamination.The efficiency of lipopeptides of Bacillus spp. in root colonization by these bacteria was never tested in situ before. Furthermore, this is the first time that the activity of lipopeptides is validated against an obligate phytopathogen
SCHNEIDER, GISELE. "Les facteurs de croissance du lait maternel." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15064.
Full textGarault, Peggy. "Les fonctions essentielles à la croissance dans le lait de Streptococcus thermophilus." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112128.
Full textDamerdji, Ouassila. "Etude de facteurs de croissance du lait bovin utilisation en biotechnologie, cultures cellulaires /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604188v.
Full textHelinck, Sandra. "Implications physiologiques du systeme proteolytique des lactocoques lors de leur croissance dans le lait." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112361.
Full textGunsam-Pugo, Prity. "Variations spontanées des teneurs en acides gras polyinsaturés du lait de femme : conséquences sur la croissance et le statut lipidique du nouveau-né." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR3310.
Full textRocafi, Adil. "Optimisation de la précipitation des facteurs de croissance à partir de lactosérum natif obtenu par acidification du lait." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25701/25701.pdf.
Full textDelmas, Olivier. "Les facteurs de croissance du lait de femme : 1 - chromatographie d'affinité sur héparine. 2 - chromatographie d'échange de cations : isolement et caractérisation d'un facteur de croissance analogue à la cyclophiline." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10135.
Full textLetort, Catherine. "Relation entre croissance et nutrition azotée de deux bactéries lactiques thermophiles : streptococcus thermophilus et lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2326.
Full textCôté, Joanie. "Étude de l'impact de différents laits du terroir québécois et de leurs composantes sur la croissance de bactéries lactiques et de "Geotrichum candidum"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27379.
Full textIn the province of Quebec, several cheese makers seek to produce local cheeses with unique characteristics, from one or a few milks whose composition is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this project was to demonstrate whether raw and pasteurized milk from Québec, and certain milk components (permeate (P), caseins (CN), whey proteins (IPL) and concentrated bacteria (CB)), obtained by using microfiltration and ultrafiltration of milk, have an impact on the growth and activity of dairy microflora. The growth of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris in the raw and pasteurized local milks was studied and the development of three strains of Geotrichum candidum was followed in curds models made from some of these milks. In addition, the growth of lactic acid bacteria in mixtures of milk fractions (P-CN-IPL, P-CN, P-IPL, P and P-CB) of raw and pasteurized local milk and an industrial milk was evaluated. Results showed that the origin of the local milk and the heat treatment influenced the development of certain strains of Lactococcus, whereas the development of G. candidum was influenced by its dimorphic character. In dairy mixes, the growth of lactococci was lower in pasteurized milk mixtures than in raw milk mixtures, contrary to observations made in whole milk. The microfiltration at 1,4 µm, when removing the CB portion, seems to have retained growth factors that would be found in pasteurized milk and that would promote the growth of certain lactic acid bacteria. In this way, the origin of milk, pasteurization and filtration of milk on membranes have an impact on the development of dairy microflora and it is important for the cheese maker specialist to adapt to these changes.
Nabil, Samira. "Étude de la digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro d'un ingrédient de protéines du lactosérum enrichi en facteurs de croissance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27491/27491.pdf.
Full textDechemi, Siham. "Inhibition de la croissance et des activités enzymatiques de la flore psychrotrophe du lait sous atmosphère modifiée et par ensemencement lactique." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1172.
Full textDelmas, Olivier. "Les Facteurs de croissance du lait de femme 1-chromatographie d'affinité sur héparine : 2-chromatographie d'échange de cations... /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613125x.
Full textFlambard, Bénédicte. "Les protéases de paroi des lactocoques." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO19006.
Full textCharles, Sandrine. "Modélisation à visée prévisionnelle de la cinétique de croissance d'une population de Listeria monocytogenes." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10312.
Full textDemirci, Yeter. "Acidification et stimulation de l'acidification du lait par une biomasse de leuconostoc mesenteroides. Application à 107 souches représentatives de la flore des fromages français au lait cru. Paramètres de croissance dans le lait." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS076.
Full textBouchard, Charlène. "L'impact de l'augmentation de l'apport d'aliments solides avec différentes sources de protéines dans l'élevage du veau de lait sur la croissance et la qualité de la viande." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35713.
Full textLafarge, Véronique. "Identification des microorganismes du lait par des méthodes moléculaires et incidence des traitements thermiques et de la microflore du lait sur la cinétique de croissance de Listeria monocytogenes." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1633.
Full textMilk thermization is often used in cheese making but risks associated to this practice on "L. Monocytogenes" bacterial danger were to date little known as data comparing the behaviour of this pathogen in raw milk and thermized milk were not available. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the thermization sca1es on the growth kinetics of L. Monocytogenes and to show up the interactions between the microbial species of raw milks and this pathogen. The description of the microbial species in raw milks and thermized milks was performed by a new molecular approach we have deve1oped. This approach is based on the direct analysis of microbial DNA extracted from milk samples, PCR amplification and e1ectrophoretics separations in denaturing conditions of ribosomal DNAr fragments that discriminate microbial species. For rapid species identifications, exhaustive reference databases were created inc1uding electrophoresis fingerprints of microbial species met in dairy products. By comparing milks microbial profiles to the reference database we were able to rapidly (2-3 days) identify the microbial species in milk samples. Results of this work shows that industrial dairy practices that consist to heat milk be1ow the pasteurization treatment in order to reduce contaminations by L. Monocytognes present a risk. According to the applied treatment (time x temperature) and the level of contamination by L. Monocytogenes, thermization can be insufficient to destroy all Listeria. We have also shown that thermized milk is more favourable to L. Monocytogenes recontamination than raw milk. The residual population of lactic bacteria after thermization seems to be a determinant factor in the inhibition of L. Monocytogenes
Villeneuve, Léda. "Restriction alimentaire des agnelles pré-pubères et impact sur leurs performances de croissance, de reproduction et de lactation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20425.
Full textMassouras, Théophilactos. "Suivi de la croissance et du métabolisme de Streptococcus thermophilus et Lactobacillus bulgaricus par méthodes physicochimiques." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD756.
Full textMiszczycha, Stéphane Dimitri. "Croissance et survie des Escherichia Coli producteurs de Shiga Toxines (STEC) en fonction des technologies fromagères mettant en oeuvre du lait cru." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874866.
Full textYazourh, Asmae. "Influence de l'alimentation sur la microflore intestinale et le mucus chez le prématuré : essai d'un lait fermenté par Bifidobacterium breve." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD822.
Full textBellengier, Pascale. "Sélection de souches de Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Mesenteroides et dextranicum pour leurs aptitudes en technologie fromagère et étude de leur croissance dans le lait." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD807.
Full textBen, Ounis Wassef. "Évaluation du potentiel des interactions protéine-polysaccharide pour l'extraction du TGF-β2 à partir de substrats laitiers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21397.
Full textRADET, DARTOUT CATHERINE. "Comparaison de l'efficacite nutritionnelle de trois regimes au cours de la realimentation des diarrhees aigues du nourrisson : interet de l'insulin-like growth factor i." Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1057.
Full textJuillard, Vincent. "Interactions directes et indirectes entre souches protéolytiques et variants isogéniques non protéolytiques de Lactococcus lactis au cours de leur croissance dans le lait." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077048.
Full textMURTI, TRIDJOKO WISNU. "Croissance, et effets sensoriels et biochimiques des bacteries lactiques et des bifidobacterium ssp. Dans l'extrait de soja en comparaison avec le lait de vache." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN2010.
Full textAkbache, Abdérrazak. "Transforming growth factor-β₂ dans le lait bovin : extraction, caractérisation et potentiel d'interaction : l'impact du chauffage sur la biodisponibilité et l'extraction du TGF-β₂ dans les ingrédients produits par systèmes membranaire, et leur potentiel d'interaction avec les protéines du lait." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21215.
Full textBarclay, Denis V. "Influence de l'état nutritionnel de la mère sur l'allaitement au sein et sur la croissance de l'enfant en milieu rural au Zaïre." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10038.
Full textMartin, Jean-Charles. "La composition en acides gras polyinsaturés des triacylglycérols du lait maternel : contribution des apports alimentaires et du tissu de réserve analyse stéréospécifique." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR4001.
Full textAzari, Baharak. "Effet de la température sur la croissance bactérienne et la production de composés d'arôme dans du lait supplementé de citrate par des bacteries lactiques mésophiles aromatisantes en culture mixte." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47254.pdf.
Full textDebray, Laurence. "Nutrition du lapereau en période de sevrage : interaction avec les besoins nutritionnels de la femelle." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT005A.
Full textFares, Almabrouk. "Risque de salmonellose humaine liée à la consommation de fromage à pâte molle au lait cru : développement d'un modèle pour l'appréciation quantitative du risque." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003463.
Full textHue-Beauvais, Catherine. "Périodes critiques pour la croissance et le développement mammaire lors d’une alimentation obésogène chez la lapine et la souris : implication de la leptine." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0027/document.
Full textWomen’s nutrition can have long-term effects on mammary development and on the development and the health of the offspring. Leptin may play a major role during these processes. In the present work we show that leptin synthesis in the mammary gland slightly increases during pregnancy, but largely increases during lactation. We also show that, in the rabbit, milk consumption from obesogenic-fed dams promote the later effects of an obesogenic diet and leads to an abnormal mammary development observed in the offspring. We also highlight the synthesis and the mammary secretion of leptin in a heterologous cellular model. We also evaluate the intra-species variability as well as the growth considering two nutritional windows: obesogenic feeding from the puberty or from the birth, in two lineages of mice, FVB/N and C57BL /6.This work shows that the consumption of altered maternal milk has long-term effects by influencing the growth and the mammary development of the offspring, in rabbit
Garcia, Cyrielle. "Molécules bioactives du lait maternel, relation à l'alimentation et application à la prise en charge du nouveau-né prématuré." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20732.
Full textHuman milk is considered as the gold standard to newborn development. However, in case of very preterm infants who have particularly high nutrients needs, it does not always provide optimal quantities of several bioactive molecules, due to composition or supply conditions.We investigated the relationship between current maternal nutrition and polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) composition of human milk. Human milk from mothers of South and North-West of France had imbalance PUFA composition to the detriment of n-3 PUFA, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This was linked to low consumption of fish and seafood products, and to an important n-6 PUFA intake.A second part of our work was focused on bioactive compounds of human milk and newborn intestinal development. Nutritional care of preterm infants leads to low intake of bioactive compounds (PUFA n-3, phospholipids and plasmalogens, sCD14, acid sphingomylinase), insufficient to cover the needs of HAD and to ensure optimal intestinal health during the first weeks of life. A shorter time to reach digestive maturity was associated with PUFA consumption during the first two weeks of life, and with phospholipids (sphingomyelin and plasmalogens) from the second week. sCD14 intake by preterm fed only with donor human milk was inversely correlated with digestive maturity time. This molecule influences the inflammatory response of fœtal intestinal cells to chronic bacterial stimulation.We had also investigated the physicochemical properties of milk from different animal species potentially interesting for improving infant formula or milk fortifier. Camel milk showed sphingomyelin and plasmalogen contents close to human milk. Technological treatments, such as pasteurisation or homogenisation, lead to alteration of milk properties, either in bioactive molecules content (sCD14, acid sphingomyelinase) or in fat globule structure.In conclusion, this work provides new possibilities for the conception of infant formula and fortifier to improve newborn care
Sawadogo, Laya. "Contribution à l'étude des plantes médicinales et de la pharmacopée traditionnelle africaine : cas des plantes lactogènes." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4006.
Full textFerrari, Serena. "La viabilité des chaînes laitières industrielles au Sénégal: Une analyse en termes de gouvernance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/249201.
Full textThe Senegalese dairy sector has been marked by important changes in the last decades. Indeed, dairy industry and trade have been growing, because of urbanization and new dietary habits of urban populations. This thesis inquires into the effects of those changes on the development of the local dairy value chain and on the vulnerability of the local herder communities. Based on the theory of the governance of global value chains and on transaction cost economics, the thesis aims to understand which modes of governance enable the viability of the Senegalese industrial dairy chains. Through the collection of qualitative data from the actors of these value chains and through an in-depth analysis of ten of these chains in the regions of Dakar and Kolda, this thesis highlights two main factors underlying the viability of the industrial dairy chains. First, quality strategies focusing on the local origin of the raw material are successful on the market, since consumers attach to them a particular value. Moreover, the services that the dairy processors implementing those quality strategies offer to local producers contribute to reducing their vulnerability; hence, the social viability of the value chains is improved. Second, the adoption of plural forms of governance, within a mixed supply (milk powder/local milk), enables dairy processors to be economically viable. In fact, they are in a position to fully exploit their productive capacities, to control the cost of raw material purchases, and to meet consumer demands.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hugonnet, Mickaël. "Transformations des systèmes de production du lait en Nouvelle-Zélande : perte d’autonomie et financiarisation." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0021.
Full textThis thesis looks at the evolution of dairy farming and agrarian systems in New Zealand. It explains and characterizes the original path followed by dairy production in this country, which relied on low-input grazing systems until the 90s before moving away from it. It aims also at describing mechanisms underlying the emergence of financialised dairy production structures. Finally, we assess the socio-economic implications of both the shift toward higher-input dairy systems and the financialization of dairy production. This research uses the theoretical framework of Comparative agriculture supplemented by the Anglo-Saxon branch of Agrarian studies. It relied on the analysis-diagnosis the agrarian situation of two small rural areas (the Upper Thames Valley and the Selwyn district). Our work shows how fundamental has been the economic context to explain the focus on low-input grazing systems which characterised dairy farming in the New Zealand until the 90s. It argues that the economic liberalization has been a huge incentive for farmers to shift towards higher-input systems during the 90s. The economic analysis show that low-input systems are nevertheless more efficient in terms of added value and farm income generated per hectare. For its part, financialization permitted to accelerate the development of dairy production, but did not lead to more efficient production systems in terms of added value generated. However, it allows investors who do not take parts into the productive process to capture a significant part of this added value. Finally, the question arises whether or not the agricultural development observed in New Zealand since the 90s is relevant in terms of sustainable development
Gamarra, Lazo Giselle del Carmen. "Modulation des taux plasmatiques d’insuline par l’apport de propylène glycol dans l’alimentation : effet sur la quantité, la qualité des ovocytes et des embryons produits in vitro chez des génisses laitières." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0083.
Full textThe ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production method in heifers can accelerate the speed of genetic progress through the female line. However, to be effective it requires high numbers of usable oocytes to be collected and high numbers of transferable embryos and high embryo survival after cryopreservation to ensure the maintenance of pregnancy after transfer. The variability in the quality of oocytes and embryo development rates in vitro may be influenced by the dietary intake of donor cattle before oocyte recovery and may be related to the concentrations of metabolites and hormones involved in regulating energy metabolism: in particular, increased levels of insulin and IGF1 were associated with high energy intake in dairy heifers. Moreover, in heifers, it was shown that diets that increase insulin concentrations negatively influence the quality of oocytes. However an increase in insulin concentrations over a short lapse of time has a positive effect on the growth of small follicles prior to superovulatory treatment. These findings support the idea that it may be possible to modulate insulin concentrations transiently to improve reproductive success. The addition of propylene glycol (PG) to the diet increases the concentrations of insulin and IGF1 in plasma in cows during the post-partum period. Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is an endocrine marker of the size of the pool of ovarian gonadotrophin-responsive follicles in the cow, and plasma AMH concentrations measured before stimulation of follicular growth with FSH hormone treatment can help predict the response of individuals. In this thesis, we investigated the effect of shortterm PG administration to modulate the levels of insulin, follicular growth, the superovulatory response and in vitro embryo production after OPU in heifers with different pre-experimental circulating AMH profiles (high, H vs. low, L). Firstly, the relationship between the dose of propylene glycol in dairy heifers and the insulin response was established. Secondly, the number and morphological quality of oocytes and embryos produced with and without a supplement of propylene glycol in feed-restricted heifers were determined. Thirdly, the gene expression patterns of the IGF system in oocytes and cumulus cells and the expression profile of selected candidate genes that are important for in vitro embryo development were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of some hormones and metabolites and their relationship with PG were also studied.Our data show that administration of PG increased plasma insulin, IGF1 and glucose concentrations and decreased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and urea concentrations in feed-restricted heifers. PG as an oral drench also increased IGF1 concentrations in follicular fluid. In addition, PG increased the number of small (2–3mm) follicles on Day 2 during the first follicle wave in both AMH groups (H and L) compared with the control treatment (water drench). PG only continued to have a positive effect on the number of medium (4–8mm) follicles on Day 5 after stimulation of follicular growth in the AMH H group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in Day 7 Grade 1 blastocysts (expressed as a percentage of fertilized oocytes) after PG compared with control treatment in both AMH groups of heifers. PG increased the number of expanded blastocysts at Day 7 compared with control but only in AMH H and not AMH L heifers. Additionally, PG modified the gene expression pattern of the IGF system in cumulus cells and produced changes in gene expression in blastocysts. Consequently, our data showed that PG administration is effective in improving in vitro embryo production probably due to the existence of epigenetic regulation induced by PG during follicular growth in the IGF1 system. This regulation system may modulate the follicular environment and level of gene expression up to the blastocyst stage more markedly in heifers with high compared to low AMH levels
Makhlouf, Anissa. "Méthodologie pour l'optimisation dynamique multicritère d'un procédé discontinu alimenté : application à la production bactérienne d'arômes laitiers." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL067N/document.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to develop and apply an innovative approach for multicriteria and dynamic optimization of fed-batch fermentation for the production of lactic aroma. This study is mainly divided in four parts: the first one describes the use of multicriteria experimental design, covering an extended operating conditions domain (pH, temperature and oxygenation), in order to collect large experimental information in batch culture of Lactococcus lactis. The second part involves detailed kinetic analysis of operating factor effect combinations on growth and metabolism orientation. The third part deals with the development of a model to predict the kinetic behaviour of this strain in batch and fed-batch cultures. In the last part, the tool for multicriteria and dynamic optimization was validated and applied to the studied problem of lactic aroma production. The results obtained for multicriteria and dynamic optimization are satisfactory
Du, Qin. "Optimisation des profils lipidiques du cerveau de rats déficients en oméga-3 au sevrage par l'utilisation de matière grasse laitière : conséquences au niveau du lipidome." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20717/document.
Full textThe accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in brain membranes mainly occurs around delivery and during the first two years of life. One of the main goals of neonatal nutrition is to optimize the incorporation of n-3 long chain polyinsaturate fatty acids (LC-PUFA) into the central nervous system, including DHA. Our goal was to study the impact of several kinds of diets based on dairy-fat to improve the n-3 LC-PUFA bioconversion and DHA accretion into brain. The other endpoint was to assess if beyond the brain fatty acid profiles, the dietary intakes would bring about a wider effect such as the one that can be appreciated through a lipidomic approach.We compared the nutritional effect of dairy-fat based diets to that of palm-oil based diets in the rat reproductive model. Mother rats were made deficient in α-linoleic acid (ALA) (0.4% of fatty acids (FA) for 6 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, the resulting deficient 40 rat pups of either gender were split into 4 groups and received 10% fat diets made with either 1.5%ALA palm oil blend (P1), same added with 0.12% DHA and 0.4% arachidonic acid (ARA) (P2) , 1.5% ALA dairy-fat blend (B1) or 2.5% ALA dairy-fat blend (B2). The brain, red blood cell (RBC) and plasma fatty acid profiles were analyzed and treated using multivariate statistics. B1 was superior to both palm-oil based diets to improve the brain DHA contents (14.4% increase, P < 0.05). B2 brought an additional benefit for this parameter. The brain DHA contents in males were significantly lower than for the female because of a diet x gender interaction. This effect was smoothed with the dairy-fat diets or the palm-oil based diet augmented with preformed DHA.We calculated a new fatty acid index to predict the brain DHA contents, based on the fatty acid profiles measured in RBC and plasma, and which demonstrated a better performance than the existing published index. For the first time, we showed a profound and yet unsuspected effect of diets until now on the brain lipidome (lipids molecular species), affecting about 15% of the features detected. These changes were ascribed to the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, and to the lipid messengers, among others.In conclusion, our data appear highly relevant to improve infant formulas. The first use of the lipidomic approach in neonatal nutrition open the paths of new researches in the area of infant nutrition
"Effets de la photopériode et de la température nocturne lors de la croissance des transplants de laitue iceberg et romaine (Lactuca sativa L.) en serre sur l'incidence de la montaison au champ." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25431/25431.pdf.
Full textRocafi, Adil. "Optimisation de la précipitation des facteurs de croissance à partir de lactosérum natif obtenu par acidification du lait /." 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25701/25701.pdf.
Full textTexte français ou anglais ; résumés en français ou en anglais. Bibliogr.: f. 91-108. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.
Villeneuve, Léda. "Restriction alimentaire des agnelles pré-pubères et impact sur leurs performances de croissance, de reproduction et de lactation /." 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25831/25831.pdf.
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