Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laitue – Effets de la température sur'
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Bélanger, Jérôme. "Effets de la photopériode et de la température nocturne lors de la croissance des transplants de laitue iceberg et romaine (Lactuca sativa L.) en serre sur l'incidence de la montaison au champ." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25431/25431.pdf.
Full textAspirault, Claudie. "Impact de la température de préchauffage sur la séparation des protéines du lactosérum par acidification chimique ou électrochimique avec membrane bipolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66343.
Full textGuyomarc'h, Fanny. "Interaction protéiques dans le lait chauffé : Effets de la composition en protéines et de la température, et conséquences sur la texture du gel acide." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARB137.
Full textKataya, Zeinab. "Effets de température sur les nanoparticules de CoAg : structure et effets de ségrégation." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004367.
Full textMieusset, Roger. "Effets de la température sur les fonctions testiculaires et épididymaires." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA11T022.
Full textCorriveau, Boulay Jennifer. "Étude des effets de diverses pratiques culturales sur la croissance de la laitue et sur l'incidence de la brûlure de la pointe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28386/28386.pdf.
Full textJean-St-Laurent, Mathilde. "Effets des cycles extrêmes de température sur le comportement des matériaux composites." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26398.
Full textThis master dissertation presents the effect of extreme temperature cycles on composite materials of carbon fiber and cyanate-ester resin made of five harness woven fabrics. Three laminates and one sandwich plate were studied. The evaluation of damage present in the laminates showed two different types of damage: vertical microcracks and debonding between the fibers and the matrix. Debonding is only visible on the edges of the laminates. As for the microcracks, they are present both on the edges and inside of the laminates, but in greater quantity on the edges. The damage inside the sandwich plate is present under two forms: vertical microcracks and delamination due to the presence of the adhesive. The effect of thermal cycling on the degradation of the mechanical properties of the laminates was also studied. The mechanical tests performed showed that properties influenced by the matrix behavior were altered by the presence of microcracks.
Reyt, Françoise. "Influence de la température sur la liaison calcium-protéine." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P017.
Full textMykytczuk, Nadia, Leo Leduc, Jack T. Trevors, and Garry D. Ferroni. "Effets des facteurs environnementaux du drainage minier acide sur les membranes d'Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans." Acfas-Sudbury, 2007. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/96.
Full textDardié, Jason. "Étude des effets des rayonnements sur les matériaux et systèmes électroniques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS001.
Full textTMI-Orion, a company specialising in systems for acquiring physical parameters (pressure, temperature, humidity, etc.) for harsh environments, wishes to diversify, particularly in the civilian nuclear markets or the new space. These two markets are subject to strong radiative stress. The company, which is at the origin of the thesis, wishes to develop its skills with regard to radiative stress in order to be able to propose applications in these sectors. This thesis was therefore conducted with the main objective of providing as much information as possible on radiative stress to TMI-Orion. We have therefore identified four areas of work to address this issue.In the context of this thesis, we began by describing the radiative environments encountered in the space and civilian nuclear fields. Then the mechanisms of radiation-matter interaction were defined. Finally, the effects of radiation on electronics have been given.The second area of work consists of a study of the degradation mechanisms of elementary electronic components (MOS and bipolar transistors) as a function of the temperature to which they are subjected during irradiation. The effect of low (up to 100 K) and high (up to 400 K) irradiation temperatures on the degradation of elementary components was studied. During this study we were also able to compare the degradation obtained between a cobalt-60 irradiation and an X-ray irradiation.The third area of work consists of a simulation study on shielding against radiative stress. As part of this work, we have developed two calculation codes on GEANT4. The first one allows to study the dose deposited by a cobalt-60 source for different shielding conditions. The second one allows to model the X-ray generator of the IES laboratory and gives its energy spectrum. The effect of different filters on the spectrum is also studied.The last axis of this thesis work consists of a complete reliability study on autonomous data loggers developed by TMI-Orion. One particular recorder, the PicoVACQ, is used as an example. The reliability of this recorder was calculated by an analytical method, studied using the feedback available within the company, measured against thermal stress and measured against radiative stress. Finally, the search for a microcontroller, a central component of a radiation-tolerant data acquisition system, was carried out. One microcontroller in particular appears to have good resistance to dose effect and will probably be used by the company in its future projects
Ouhibi, Chayma. "Effets des rayonnements UV-C sur la réponse de la laitue romaine Lactuca sativa var Claudius aux contraintes biotoques et abiotiques." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0333/document.
Full textApplied in high doses, UV-C radiations are harmful, while administered at low doses, these same radiations stimulate beneficial answers. This phenomenon is known as hormesis and the beneficial dose is qualified hormic. The application of low doses of UV-C on fruits and vegetables in post harvest enhances resistance against pathogens (Charles et al, 2008), improve their nutritional quality (Mercier et al, 2001) and their performance to grow (Siddiqui et al, 2011). This works were carried out on different species. In my thesis, we treated a single species of romaine lettuce var claudius after harvest with a non-harmful dose of UV-C (0.85kJ.m-2) and we evaluated its effect on resistance to Botrytis cinerea (BC87) and Sclerotinia minor (SM), in their nutritional value during storage and their responses to salt stress. The analysis of all the results obtained showed that the UV-C dose decreases the sensitivity of romaine lettuce to these two pathogens (Ouhibi et al. 2014a), improve nutritional value by increasing the content in phenolic compound, in ascorbic acid and acquire to plants from seeds pre-treated with UV-C greater potential for adaptation to salt stress (Ouhibi et al, 2014 b)
Baril, Eugénie. "Quantification de l'influence de l'environnement sur la formation et la thermo-résistance des spores bactériennes." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2047.
Full textThe aim of this PhD study was to quantify the influence of the sporulation environment (temperature, pH and aw) on the spore formation of Bacillus weihenstephanensis and B. Licheniformis and on their heat resistance. A two-step sporulation methodology was developed to study sporulation in environmental conditions close to growth boundaries. Sporulation boundaries (temperature, pH and aw) were observed inner growth boundaries. A primary model was proposed to quantify the influence of the environment on spore formation. A decrease in sporulation temperature and pH delayed the time to first spore per ml. The maximal spore heat resistance was observed for spores produced at temperature and pH close to the optimal growth values. A secondary model was then proposed and validated to estimate the spore heat resistance as function of the sporulation and heat treatment environments. Finally, this study allows defining control points in foodstuff to prevent spores in food products. A relationship between the influence of environmental temperature and pH on growth and sporulation was pointed out
Ishiguro, Naoko. "L'influence du climat et des affluents sur l'oxygénation et la turbidité des lacs : le cas comparé du Léman, des lacs alpins et japonais." Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO2002.
Full textDias, de Moraes Poliana. "Influence de la température sur les assemblages bois." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10157.
Full textThe more generalized use of wood for building raises concern for fire safety. The current standards require the structure stability for a minimum time to ensure the building evacuation and the fire fight. Considering that the fire endurance of wood is well-known, the stability requirement is mainly reduced to the understanding of the behaviour of wood joints on fire. The aim of this work is to study the behaviour of single-dowel timber joints and it is divided into three parts. The first part is a study of the influence of temperature on the modulus of elasticity and on the embedding strength in a range between 20 and 300 °C. In the second part the wood charring and the influence of a metallic dowel embedded in wood, is studied. In the third part, the fire behaviour of single-dowel wood joints is tackled. The first two studies have provided mechanical and thermal data to allow the development of a model to simulate the joint behaviour and its fire endurance before fracture
Djezzar, Karina. "Sur l'étirabilité et la biétirabilité de copolymères d'éthylène et d'alcool vinylique." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10087.
Full textGrenier, Benjamin. "Spectroscopie théorique : description des effets de la température sur les paramètres de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0494/document.
Full text- Our objective is to define a theoretical methodology, which allows to simulate the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra taking into account the temperature effects, in order to propose a help to the interpretation of the more relevant experimental results.- To deal with the description of the temperature effects on the NMR parameters, we have studied azacalixarenes, which are cyclic oligomers of phenol units linked together by nitrogen bridges. These molecules have a calyx shape, hence their name azacalixarenes. By this cavity these molecules can capture different types of compounds and are used in the host-guest chemistry field.- A wide variety of substituents can be attached to these azacalixarenes. Experimentally, one can easily follow the structure variations effects, at the level of physicochemical properties by NMR.- For this reason, we first investigated the geometric description of azacalixarenes as a function of different substituents and different isomers using the Density Functional Theory, so without taking into account the temperature. - Then, we simulated the NMR parameters of these systems using the Density Functional Theory. This is to calculate the azacalixarenes NMR spectrum in the ground state.- FInally, by performing molecular dynamics simulations using Molecular Mechanics, we were able to take into account the temperature effects. We were able to simulate the NMR parameters of these systems taking now into account the effects of temperature
Hadjeb, Ammar. "Analyse des actions thermiques sur les ouvrages d'art en béton." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10042.
Full textBédard, Éric. "Influence de la température sur le comportement au jeune âge du béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26091/26091.pdf.
Full textThis project research concerns the influence of temperature on the early-age behaviour of young age concrete. The Centre de recherche sur les infrastructures en béton has developped a device (R2D2) that measures the displacements in concrete. Until now, this device was only used to measure the displacements in concrete under isothermal conditions. In order to use the R2D2 device under thermal variations, the design on the apparatus had to be revised. First, a software had to be created in order to control the thermal variations of concrete. Secondly, the device’s behaviour under thermal variations was evaluated. A study on the distribution of the temperature in the concrete and on the functionality of the data acquisition system was also carried out. The data acquisition system was not properly adapted for thermal variations so some material modifications were necessary. Finally, a method to calculate the evolution of the thermal dilation coefficient (TDC) of early-age concrete and the results of that evolution for six different concretes were analysed. The modifications that were made on the apparatus allowed to develop a method to calculate the TDC so that the errors caused by the thermal variation of the apparatus were eliminated. During the thermal variations tests, the apparatus was also undergoing thermal variations which caused errors in the TDC calculation. Once the modifications were made, the errors were eliminated and a better evaluation of the early-age concrete TDC was obtained. The study made on the six different concretes has demonstrated that the type of cement does not have a major influence on the early-age concrete TDC. On the contrary, the water-cement ratio seems to have an influence on the early-age values of the TDC. In general, the higher the water-cement ratio is, the higher is the early-age concrete TDC.
Le, Morvan Caroline. "Effets des températures extrêmes sur l'expression des défenses immunes chez la carpe (Cyprinus carpio) : corrélation avec la dynamique membranaire des leucocytes périphériques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10055.
Full textAdt, Isabelle. "Influence de facteurs environnementaux sur la physiologie et le métabolisme de SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI M5N1." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1421.
Full textRosen, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude des effets du vent et d'un gradient de température sur l'efficacité des écrans acoustiques." Le Mans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LEMA1007.
Full textMejia, Daniel. "Effets de la température de paroi sur la réponse de la flamme à des oscillations acoustiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0026/document.
Full textCombustion instabilities, induced by the resonant coupling of acoustics and combustion occur in many practical systems such as domestic boilers, gas turbine and rocket engines. They produce pressure and heat release fluctuations that in some extreme cases can provoke mechanical failure or catastrophic damage. These phenomena have been extensively studied in the past, and the basic driving and coupling mechanisms have already been identified. However, it is well known that most systems behave differently at cold start and in the permanent regime and the coupling between the temperature of the solid material and combustion instabilities still remains unclear. The aim of this thesis is to study this mechanism. This work presents an experimental investigation of combustion instabilities for a laminar premixed flame stabilized on a slot burner with controlled wall temperature. For certain operating conditions, the system exhibits a combustion instability locked on the Helmholtz mode of the burner. It is shown that this instability can be controlled and even suppressed by changing solely the temperature of the burner rim. A linear stability analysis is used to identify the parameters playing a role in the resonant coupling and retrieves the features observed experimentally. Detailed experimental studies of the different elementary processes involved in the thermo-acoustic coupling are used to evaluate the sensitivity of these parameters to the wall temperature. Finally a theoretical model of unsteady heat transfer from the flame root to the burner-rim and detailed experimental measurements permit to establish the physical mechanism for the temperature dependance on the flame response
Mailly, Sandrine. "Effets de la température et de l'environnement sur la résistance à la fatigue d'alliages de titane." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2262.
Full textBiolchini, Romain. "Etudes des effets de température sur le bruit de jet subsonique par simulation des grandes échelles." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC064.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, the effects of temperature on aerodynamic development and acoustic radiation of subsonic jets are studied. This is done thanks to 3D compressible Large Eddy Simulations with low dissipative and dispersive numerical schemes that propagate the acoustic waves properly. The far-field noise is then determined with the acoustics analogy proposed by Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings.First, single round jets are studied. Two operating points are computed: an isothermal jet and a hot jet with an exhaust temperature twice the one of the ambient air (Tj = 2T0). The comparison of both cases is based on a similar exhaust velocity. In both cases, Reynolds number based on the nozzle diameter is above 105. To validate numerical methodology, aerodynamic and acoustic results are successfully compared against experiments. Further analyses are conducted to highlight the new acoustic sources that result from the temperature increase and the effects on the azimuthal mode distribution.Secondly, a more complex geometry representative of a real turbofan engine is considered, including two streams and the plug. The same methodology as the one used for the single jet nozzle is applied. Again, two simulations are computed where the exhaust velocities of both streams are kept constant and only the exhaust primary stream temperature is modified (multiplied by two). Differences on aerodynamic development are less important than the ones observed on single stream jets. However, the upstream acoustic radiation is significantly influenced by the modification of the exhaust temperature. In the colder case, upstream acoustic trapped waves are evidenced in the core jet and interact with the plug. This phenomenon is not reproduced when the primary stream is heated and explains the observed differences on the acoustic radiation
Shi, Xiangjun. "Etude par simulations de dynamique des dislocations des effets d'irradiation sur la ferrite à haute température." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066500/document.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the multi-scale modeling of hardening and embrittlement of the vessel steel in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) under irradiation conditions. Dislocation Dynamics simulations (DD) were conducted to describe the plasticity of irradiated iron at grain scale. Quantitative information about the pinning strength of radiation-induced loops was extracted and can be transferred at crystal plasticity scale. Elementary interactions between an edge dislocation and different types of loops were first analyzed. A new model of DD was identified and validated, both qualitatively in terms of interaction mechanisms and quantitatively in terms of critical stress, using Molecular Dynamics results available in the literature. The influence of the size of the loops and of the strain rate was particularly studied. Elementary simulations involving a screw dislocation and the same radiation-induced defects were conducted and carefully compared to available MD results, extending the range of validity of our model. Finally, a set of massive simulations involving an edge dislocation and a large number of loops was performed and allowed a first estimation of the obstacle strength for this type of defects (α≈0.26). This value is in a good agreement with previous experimental and numerical studies, and gives us confidence in future work based on this new DD model
Pei, Yan. "Effets du chauffage sur les matériaux cimentaires - impact du « self-healing » sur les propriétés de transfert." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0016/document.
Full textThis experimental work focused on the degradation of two cementitious materials, mortar (for most tests) and a concrete following an intense heating to 600 ° C and 700 ° C sometimes. The idea that underpinned the study was to "measure" this degradation via the transport properties : gas permeability and porosity to gas under confining stress and some poro-mechanical properties. To carry out this work, several experimental techniques have been developed or improved. This is particularly the porosity measurement gas under a confining stress. The use of a neutral gas is used to fill the voids in the material and connected to calculate its porosity. Rehydration with demineralized water has a considerable effect on the highly heated material because it restores much of the porosity which regains its initial level or sometimes a value less than one. Logically the "self-healing" also restores much of the permeability which does not recover its original level
Vitart, Anne-Lise. "Influence de paramètres physico-chimiques sur la cristallisation d’oxalates de lanthanides et d’actinides, précurseurs d’oxydes : orientation des microstructures." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10103.
Full textThis work is in line with studies concerning actinides conversion by oxalic precipitation. This process leads to the precipitation of actinide oxalate compounds used as oxides precursors. As oxalate compounds keep their morphology through a pseudomorphic transformation when calcined into oxides, having control over their morphology is a key aspect for the control of some oxides properties. The thesis deals with the influence of physical-chemical parameters of oxalic precipitation and concerns, at first, surrogate systems of actinides. Neodymium(III) oxalate crystallization is firstly studied, and enables the identification of several Nd(III) oxalate hydrates with various morphologies, which depend on their crystalline structure. This preliminary study is used to guide the next part of the work dedicated to the study of neodymium(III) oxalate precipitation, this phenomenon being even more difficult to control than crystallization. Parameters such as temperature and influence of “structuring” and “non structuring” additives are studied. The study is then extended to thorium(IV) oxalate and mixed thorium(IV)-neodymium(III) oxalate before its application to plutonium(III) oxalate system. The experiments concerning this last system result in the obtention of plutonium oxalates with different structure and/or morphology, which, consequently, leads to plutonium oxides with different morphology
Hamza, Fatoumata. "Conservation de laitues de quatrième gamme sous atmosphère contrôlée ou modifiée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29169.
Full textMerieau, Annabelle. "Etude des effets de la température de croissance sur la production d'activité lipolytique par l'espèce Pseudomonas fluorescens." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUE5033.
Full textLabalme, Valérie. "Combustion du n-butane sur des catalyseurs à base de platine : application haute température." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10266.
Full textAdra, Fatima. "Etude des effets d’une élévation de température sur la croissance et le développement du pêcher : conséquences sur la qualité des fruits." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0689.
Full textThe latest IPCC report clearly confirms the climate projections for increasing temperaturesand their variability at the end of the 21st century. The effects of climate changes in fruit yield andquality have been studied in a project funded by INRA (project CAQ40, Metaprogramme ACCAF).Experiments carried out on potted peaches placed in different climates (control, +2 ° C and + 5 ° C),allowed the identification of the processes (phenology, development, growth, photosynthesis,metabolism) most sensitive to rising temperatures and their consequences on the development andcomposition of fruits and the sustainability of production.Higher temperature has increased the demand for water, leading to a decrease in the waterpotential of the trees, which may have led to a concentration of the compounds of interest in thefruit. The reduction of leaf photosynthesis under high temperature conditions was related to theinhibition of photosynthesis by high temperatures and stomatal control related to water status.After flowering, the rise in temperature accelerates the vegetative growth, triggering a more rapidestablishment of leaf area. This early vegetative growth resulted in: (i) very rapid dynamics ofelongation of the axes in long shoot (ii) a more pronounced apical dominance, (iii) a decrease in theaxillary axial branching. In contrast the later heat treatment had an adverse effect on the initiationand differentiation of floral buds reducing the production potential in the following year.In addition, the increase in temperature after flowering resulted in a marked shortening ofthe fruit growth period, with an expected harvest date almost 3 weeks earlier. This shortening offruit growth duration has led to a decrease in the flow of carbon entering the fruit, penalizing itsgrowth and quality. The very different climates between the two experimental years resulted in ahigh variability in fruit composition between the two years of experimentation. In 2014, increasedtemperature during the early stage of fruit development or continuously led to the harvest ofsmaller fruit with higher concentrations and higher sucrose content. In 2015, the time durationbetween flowering and maturity was even shorter than in 2014, which could be linked to thewarmer climate of 2015. In 2015 fruits were less sweet and acidic than those of 2014. However, therise of temperatures at the end of fruit development in 2015 increased the levels andconcentrations of hexoses and sorbitol; this increase was partially due to a concentration effect butalso to an effect on fruit metabolism. Increased temperatures in the middle and at the end of fruitdevelopment also favoured the accumulation of malic and citric acid. The high temperatures did nothave much effect on vitamin C and either increased or decreased the levels of phenolic compounds.The effects of an increase in temperature on the metabolism are therefore very dependent on thestage of fruit development.The use of a Fruit‐scale model and a tree‐level (QualiTree) model could simulate both the effect ofthe environment and cultural practices on the growth and quality of the fruit, and give a moreintegrated view of the plant's functioning under environmental constraints
Riondet, Christophe. "Effet du potentiel d'oxydoréduction et du ph sur le métabolisme de Escherichia coli : rôle de ces paramètres sur la force proton motrice, sur la survie au choc thermique et sur l'orientation des flux de carbone." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS036.
Full textMartel, Anne-Claire. "Méthodes d'extraction et de dosage de trois fongicides (iprodione, vinclozoline et cymoxanil) dans les fruits et légumes : étude de leur disparition sur deux substrats végétaux, framboise et salade." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10209.
Full textGrimaud, Ghjuvan Micaelu. "Modélisation de l’effet de la température sur le phytoplancton : de l’acclimatation à l’adaptation." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4025/document.
Full textUnicellular photosynthetic organisms forming the phytoplankton are the basis of primary production. Because these organisms cannot regulate their inner temperature, the medium temperature strongly constrains their growth. Understanding the impact of this factor is topical in a global change context. In this PhD thesis we have investigated how phytoplankton adapts to temperature. By analyzing the growth rate as a function of temperature for hundreds of species we highlighted the characteristics that can be accurately described by a mathematical model. We have identied the links between the cardinal temperatures as well as their thermodynamical fundament using the mechanistic Hinshelwood model. We then challenged the Eppley hypothesis `hotter is faster' for 5 phylogenetic phytoplankton groups and determined the evolutionary limits for each of them. We have also studied the adaptation mechanisms associated to long term temperature variations by developing an evolutionary model using the adaptive dynamics theory allowing to predict the evolutionary outcome of species adaptation to a simple temperature cycle. Our results have been compared to a selection experiment carried out in a controlled device on Tisochrysis lutea. Our method has been extended to predict the adaptation of a strain to periodic temperature profiles and study phytoplankton adaptation at the global ocean scale. In situ data of sea surface temperature have been used as a forcing variable and have permitted to show that the elevation of temperature will be critical for several species in particular for those living in areas where the annual temperature fluctuation is high such as the Mediterranean Sea
Seddik, Nadia. "Effets d'un acaricide, l'Amitraze, sur le Psylle du poirier, Psylla pyri (L. ) (Homoptera : Psyllidae) : essais en vergers et au laboratoire, effets de la température." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30243.
Full textGaudin, François. "Effets du changement climatique sur la distribution de la macrofaune benthique en Manche." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066182/document.
Full textIn the North-East Atlantic, the English Channel constitutes a biogeographical transition zone between the Boreal and Lusitanian provinces. Thus, many species reach there their distribution range limits. The aim of this thesis is to assess the effects of recent climate change on the distribution of the subtidal benthic macrofauna, poorly studied to date, basing on the comparison of data collected during a cool period (i.e. 1960s-70s) and during a warm period (i.e. 2012 and 2014) in the circalittoral coarse sediments. Two large communities were highlighted in the study of the structure of the assemblages found in this habitat: the gravelly coarse sand community and the pebbles and gravels community. The analysis of the evolution of seabed temperature for the last 30 years showed the spatial heterogeneity of the warming, varying from 0.1 to 0.5°C per decade from West to East. This warming did not translate into large species distribution shifts but into a sharp decrease in the number of occurrences of cold-water species and a sharp increase in the number of occurrences of warm-water species. Development of species distribution models allowed to identify the relative importance of climatic and edaphic factors in the distribution of benthic invertebrates in the Channel and to assess the species’ ability to adjust their distribution to the rise in temperature. The whole results suggest that ongoing climate change could lead to a decrease in benthic biodiversity at range limits, especially where connection routes are lacking for new migrants
Choinska, Marta. "Effets de la température, du chargement mécanique et de leurs interactions sur la perméabilité du béton de structure." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334143.
Full textLes mesures de la perméabilité au gaz sont effectuées sur des éprouvettes cylindriques en béton soumises à des températures allant jusqu'à 150 °C et à une compression uniaxiale jusqu'à la rupture. Les résultats expérimentaux révèlent que les effets de la température et de l'endommagement peuvent être découplés pour l'estimation de l'évolution de la perméabilité. Ils nous ont permis de proposer une relation reliant la perméabilité à l'endommagement et à la température. Cependant, cette relation ne peut s'appliquer que dans le domaine pré-pic du comportement du béton où le béton demeure microfissuré. Afin de dépasser cette limite pour pouvoir modéliser également l'accroissement de la perméabilité en phase post-pic, un autre paramètre, qui est l'ouverture de fissure, est intégré dans la relation entre la perméabilité et l'endommagement.
Cette problématique, faisant l'objet d'une modélisation, est exploitée selon deux approches. La première se base sur la définition d'une loi de raccordement entre les lois existantes d'évolution de la perméabilité avec l'endommagement et l'ouverture de fissure. Avec cette approche les tendances observées expérimentalement sont retrouvées. La deuxième approche consiste à relier d'un point de vue mécanique l'endommagement avec l'ouverture de fissure puis d'appliquer la loi de Poiseuille pour déterminer la perméabilité. La validation expérimentale de cette approche, permettant de déboucher vers un modèle continu capable de reproduire les variations de perméabilité d'une structure, constitue une des perspectives de notre travail.
Rae, Rowena. "Les effets de la température et du rayonnement ultraviolet sur le réseau alimentaire microbien des eaux douces subarctiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36315.pdf.
Full textBelkadi, Miâd. "Effets de la température sur l'étude des réactions chimiques du type A->B, par diffusion Rayleigh-Brillouin." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10589.
Full textBriand, Decré Gwenaëlle. "L’influence des stimuli lumière et température sur les réponses émotionnelles et conatives des consommateurs au sein du point de vente." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090012.
Full textWhile the influence of lighting and temperature on consumer behavior in retail outlets is of conceptual and managerial importance, they are understudied aspects of store environment. Based on a multidisciplinary literature (social psychology, psychiatry, ergonomics, medicine) and on Stimulus-Organism-Response models, our research aims at studying (1) the effect of these stimuli on affective and behavioral responses in retail outlets, (2) and the effect of uncomfortable levels of temperature as well. The moderating effects of season, optimal stimulation level and gender have been studied. From this perspective, two experiments have been conducted, one with digitally manipulated pictures and one in laboratory. The findings of the two experiments are convergent considering the main hypotheses and the influence of key variables. Managerial and conceptual implications are discussed
Lion, Maxime. "Influence de la température sur le comportement poromécanique ou hydraulique d'une roche carbonatée et d'un mortier : études expérimentales." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-61-62.pdf.
Full textAbdelhamid, Mohamed Hadi Mohamed. "Effets de facteurs exogènes sur les gamètes masculins et leur génome : conséquences potentielles d'une élévation modérée de la température des testicules et des épididymes sur la qualité du gamète." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30054.
Full textLifestyle exposures including temperature have been studied in relationship to male reproductive health. In this project, we focused on two main parameters linked to infertility after testicular exposure of temperature. We evaluated the effects of a mild testis temperature increase (+2°C) on sperm morphology and sperm aneuploidy in five healthy men and examined its potential reversibility. We used 27 fertile men for comparison of results (control group), and designed an experimental protocol that induced in five healthy fertile men, an increase of testicular and epididymal temperature by maintained the testes in a supra-scrotal position by means of specially designed underwear worn 15 ± 1 hours daily consecutive days. The first part of my thesis was dedicated to the study of the effects of a mild testis temperature increase (+2°C) on sperm morphology and multiple anomalies index (MAI). We observed that a significant impact on sperm morphology and MAI as early as days 20 and 34 reflecting an effect on the spermiogenesis and meiosis stages. This drastic effect was present during the entire heated period and recovery of the values before heating was observed at day193. In the second part, sperm aneuploidies of chromosomes X, Y, 18 were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) before, during and after a mild testis temperature increase. We found that a signi?cant increase in total sperm aneuploidy, sex disomy and nullisomy at 45 days post-heating. Moreover, since increased abnormal sex disomy XY18, sex nullisomy and total sperm aneuploidy values were observed at the same time, these effects were completely reversed at least two spermatogenesis cycles after heat exposure. Our results may have clinical implications in male infertility, the effect of a mild testis temperature increase was reversible but it seems advisable to allow at least one or two cycles of spermatogenesis to pass in order to recover normal exacting function
Flores-Mejia, Sandra. "Les effets de la température et des changements climatiques sur la performance relative d'un réseau trophique : plante-herbivore-parasitoïde." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27306.
Full textEach trophic level of a food-web reacts differently to changes in temperature, because some species are more sensitive than others. Because of the interdependence between the different trophic levels, even the smallest change in temperature could trigger cascading effects throughout the food-web. This may cause a partial or total collapse of the system. As part of my project, I was interested in the effects of temperature and climate change over the relative performance of a tri-trophic food web system (plant-herbivore-parasitoid). The general objectives were to determine: a) which trophic level is more sensitive to an increase in temperature? and b) What are the effects of climate change on a food-web as a whole? In order to determine the effects of temperature on the whole food-web, I developed three parameters to measure the relative performance, by using biomass as common currency between the three trophic levels. The developed parameters are: net generational productivity (NGP), the bi-trophic food-web ratio (φh/p), and the tri-trophic food web ratio (φ3t). In general, my results suggest that the thermal window of the relative performance of each trophic level has a wider span at the base of the food-web (e.g. the plant) and it is reduced by about 4 °C for each subsequent trophic level. Also, the (φh/p) values obtained, suggest that the aphids have the highest performance at low temperatures, but they are incapable of reproducing beyond 28°C, which gives the plant a competitive advantage. Nonetheless, this advantage cannot be maintained for long, due to the negative effects of temperature on the biology of the plant. The φ3t values suggest that the performance of the food-web is influenced by trophic cascades in a « top-down » fashion; but both the inter- and intra-specific variation of the host plant plays a major role in the productivity of the system. The results of the experiments about climate change suggest that: in all three tested climate change scenarios, the parasitoid has the largest relative performance of the system in spite of having the smallest thermal window. This suggests a greater thermal plasticity than previously thought. Nonetheless, in the absence of parasitoids, the herbivore dominates the system. Although there was a 4 °C difference between the three climate change scenarios that were tested, the the performance of the tri-trophic food-web was not significantly affected. In comparison, under two 2050 climate change scenarios, the long-term exposure to high temperatures has a negative effect on the accumulation of biomass for the three components of the food web, both individually and collectively. This is the first study to evaluate empirically and exhaustively the effects of temperature over a great range of plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions, in order to determine the relative performance of the system in a holistic way.
Marchand, Benoît. "Effets de la température et de l'irradiation sur la mobilité du xénon dans UO$_2$ : étude profilométrique et microstructurale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830100.
Full textChami, Fouzia. "Activation testiculaire néonatale chez le rat : influence de la température extérieure et effets sur la masculinisation au stade adulte." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112229.
Full textCarbou, Christophe. "Interactions fatigue-fluage sur le comportement en fissuration à haute température des superalliages pour disques de turbine. Effets d'oxydation." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2313.
Full textRebih, Fatima. "Etude sur modèles chimiques des mécanismes réactionnels prédominants et secondaires apparaissant à très haute température sur des séquences de polyaryléthercétones en présence de catalyseurs organométalliques." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES007.
Full textFinck, Nicolas. "Effets de la température sur les mécanismes l'interaction entre les ions europium (III) et uranyle et le diphosphate de zirconium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180407.
Full textFinck, Nicolas. "Effets de la température sur les mécanismes d'interaction entre les ions europium (III) et uranyle et le diphosphate de zirconium." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180407.
Full textTemperature should remain higher than 25°C in the near field environment of a nuclear waste repository for thousands years. In this context, the aim of this work is to study the temperature influence on the interaction mechanisms between europium (III) and uranyl ions and zirconium diphosphate, as well as the influence of a complexing medium (nitrate) on the sorption of the lanthanide. The experimental definition of the equilibria was achieved by combining a structural investigation with the macroscopic sorption data. Surface complexes were characterized at all temperatures (25°C to 90°C) by TRLFS experiments carried out on dry and in situ samples using an oven. This characterization was completed by XPS experiments carried out at 25°C on samples prepared at 25°C and 90°C. The reaction constants (surface hydration and cations sorption) were obtained by simulating the experimental data with the constant capacitance surface complexation model. The reaction constants temperature dependency allowed one to characterize thermodynamically the different reactions by application of the van't Hoff relation. The validity of this law was tested by performing microcalorimetric measurements of the sorption heat for both cations
Lion, Maxime. "Influence de la température sur le comportement poromécanique ou hydraulique d'une roche carbonatée et d'un mortier. Etudes expérimentales." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276734.
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