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Academic literature on the topic 'Lake'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Lake"

1

Rodriguez, Yarice, David A. R. Kristovich, and Mark R. Hjelmfelt. "Lake-to-Lake Cloud Bands: Frequencies and Locations." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr1960.1.

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Abstract Premodification of the atmosphere by upwind lakes is known to influence lake-effect snowstorm intensity and locations over downwind lakes. This study highlights perhaps the most visible manifestation of the link between convection over two or more of the Great Lakes lake-to-lake (L2L) cloud bands. Emphasis is placed on L2L cloud bands observed in high-resolution satellite imagery on 2 December 2003. These L2L cloud bands developed over Lake Superior and were modified as they passed over Lakes Michigan and Erie and intervening land areas. This event is put into a longer-term context through documentation of the frequency with which lake-effect and, particularly, L2L cloud bands occurred over a 5-yr time period over different areas of the Great Lakes region.

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Sellers, Todd J., Brian R. Parker, David W. Schindler, and William M. Tonn. "Pelagic distribution of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in small Canadian Shield lakes with respect to temperature, dissolved oxygen, and light." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-232.

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The distribution of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) with respect to water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and light intensity was surveyed in three small Canadian Shield lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario. Based on hydroacoustic and gillnet surveys, there was considerable variation among lakes in temperatures occupied by lake trout during the summer. During the day, lake trout were concentrated at 4-8°C in Lake 375, broadly distributed from 6 to 15°C in Lake 442, and concentrated in the epilimnion at 19°C in Lake 468. At night, lake trout in all lakes occupied epilimnetic waters at 19-20°C. Lake trout inhabited highly oxygenated water, with 75-90% of fish at >6 mg dissolved oxygen ·L-1 throughout the spring and summer in all three lakes. Light intensity did not affect lake trout distribution in Lake 468 but may have contributed to lake trout daytime descent into cool waters in Lakes 375 and 442. We suggest that previously assumed niche boundaries of lake trout do not adequately describe critical habitat for the species in small lakes, the same lakes that are likely most sensitive to erosion of such habitat.

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Yan, Norman D., Warren I. Dunlop, Trevor W. Pawson, and Lori E. MacKay. "Bythotrephes cederstroemi (Schoedler) in Muskoka Lakes: First Records of the European Invader in Inland Lakes in Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-048.

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The large predaceous European zooplankter Bythotrephes cederstroemi is now present in eight large recreational lakes in south-central Ontario, Canada: Lake Muskoka, Lake Joseph, Lake Rosseau, Fairy Lake, Mary Lake, Peninsula Lake, Lake Vernon, and Go Home Lake. These observations represent the first evidence that B. cederstroemi has invaded inland lakes in Canada, and we suggest that close monitoring is now needed to establish whether or not pelagic food webs of the lakes will respond.

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Cengiz, Taner. "Periodic structures of Great Lakes levels using wavelet analysis." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-011-0002-z.

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Periodic structures of Great Lakes levels using wavelet analysisThe recently advanced approach of wavelet transforms is applied to the analysis of lake levels. The aim of this study is to investigate the variability of lake levels in four lakes in the Great Lakes region where the method of continuous wavelet transform and global spectra are used. The analysis of lake-level variations in the time-scale domain incorporates the method of continuous wavelet transform and the global spectrum. Four lake levels, Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, and Lake Superior in the Great Lakes region were selected for the analysis. Monthly lake level records at selected locations were analyzed by wavelet transform for the period 1919 to 2004. The periodic structures of the Great Lakes levels revealed a spectrum between the 1-year and 43- year scale level. It is found that major lake levels periodicities are generally the annual cycle. Lake Michigan levels show different periodicities from Lake Erie and Lake Superior and Lake Ontario levels. Lake Michigan showed generally long-term (more than 10 years) periodicities. It was shown that the Michigan Lake shows much stronger influences of inter-annual atmospheric variability than the other three lakes. The other result was that some interesting correlations between global spectrums of the lake levels from the same climatic region were found.

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Laird, Neil, Ryan Sobash, and Natasha Hodas. "The Frequency and Characteristics of Lake-Effect Precipitation Events Associated with the New York State Finger Lakes." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc2054.1.

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Abstract This study presents a climatological analysis of the frequency and characteristics of lake-effect precipitation events that were initiated or enhanced by lakes within the New York State (NYS) Finger Lakes region for the 11 winters (October–March) from 1995/96 through 2005/06. Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data from Binghamton, New York, were used to identify 125 lake-effect events. Events occurred as 1) a well-defined, isolated precipitation band over and downwind of a lake, 2) an enhancement of mesoscale lake-effect precipitation originating from Lake Ontario and extending southward over an individual Finger Lake, 3) a quasi-stationary mesoscale precipitation band positioned over a lake embedded within extensive regional precipitation from a synoptic weather system, or 4) a transition from one type to another. Results show that lake-effect precipitation routinely develops over lakes that are considerably smaller than lakes previously discussed as being associated with lake-effect precipitation, such as the Great Lakes. Lake-effect events occurred during each month (October–March) across the 11 winters studied and were identified in association with each of the six easternmost Finger Lakes examined in this study. The frequency of NYS Finger Lakes lake-effect events determined in the current investigation paired with subsequent analyses of the environmental conditions leading to these events will allow for 1) comparative analyses of necessary conditions for lake-effect development across a range of lake sizes (e.g., NYS Finger Lakes, Lake Champlain, Great Salt Lake, and Great Lakes) and 2) an informative examination of the connection between mesoscale processes and climate variability.

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Sikder, Md Safat, Jida Wang, George H. Allen, Yongwei Sheng, Dai Yamazaki, Chunqiao Song, Meng Ding, Jean-François Crétaux, and Tamlin M. Pavelsky. "Lake-TopoCat: a global lake drainage topology and catchment database." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 3483–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3483-2023.

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Abstract. Lakes and reservoirs are ubiquitous across global landscapes, functioning as the largest repository of liquid surface freshwater, hotspots of carbon cycling, and sentinels of climate change. Although typically considered lentic (hydrologically stationary) environments, lakes are an integral part of global drainage networks. Through perennial and intermittent hydrological connections, lakes often interact with each other, and these connections actively affect water mass, quality, and energy balances in both lacustrine and fluvial systems. Deciphering how global lakes are hydrologically interconnected (or the so-called “lake drainage topology”) is not only important for lake change attribution but also increasingly critical for discharge, sediment, and carbon modeling. Despite the proliferation of river hydrography data, lakes remain poorly represented in routing models, partially because there has been no global-scale hydrography dataset tailored to lake drainage basins and networks. Here, we introduce the global Lake drainage Topology and Catchment database (Lake-TopoCat), which reveals detailed lake hydrography information with careful consideration of possible multifurcation. Lake-TopoCat contains the outlet(s) and catchment(s) of each lake; the interconnecting reaches among lakes; and a wide suite of attributes depicting lake drainage topology such as upstream and downstream relationship, drainage distance between lakes, and a priori drainage type and connectivity with river networks. Using the HydroLAKES v1.0 (Messager et al., 2016) global lake mask, Lake-TopoCat identifies ∼ 1.46 million outlets for ∼ 1.43 million lakes larger than 10 ha and delineates 77.5×106 km2 of lake catchments covering 57 % of the Earth's landmass except Antarctica. The global lakes are interconnected by ∼ 3 million reaches, derived from MERIT Hydro v1.0.1 (Yamazaki et al., 2019), stretching a total distance of ∼10×106 km, of which ∼ 80 % are shorter than 10 km. With such unprecedented lake hydrography details, Lake-TopoCat contributes towards a globally coupled lake–river routing model. It may also facilitate a variety of limnological applications such as attributing water quality from lake scale to basin scale, tracing inter-lake fish migration due to changing climate, monitoring fluvial–lacustrine connectivity, and improving estimates of terrestrial carbon fluxes. Lake-TopoCat is freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7916729 (Sikder et al., 2023).

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Lara, Mark Jason, and Melissa Lynn Chipman. "Periglacial Lake Origin Influences the Likelihood of Lake Drainage in Northern Alaska." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050852.

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Nearly 25% of all lakes on earth are located at high latitudes. These lakes are formed by a combination of thermokarst, glacial, and geological processes. Evidence suggests that the origin of periglacial lake formation may be an important factor controlling the likelihood of lakes to drain. However, geospatial data regarding the spatial distribution of these dominant Arctic and subarctic lakes are limited or do not exist. Here, we use lake-specific morphological properties using the Arctic Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat imagery to develop a Thermokarst lake Settlement Index (TSI), which was used in combination with available geospatial datasets of glacier history and yedoma permafrost extent to classify Arctic and subarctic lakes into Thermokarst (non-yedoma), Yedoma, Glacial, and Maar lakes, respectively. This lake origin dataset was used to evaluate the influence of lake origin on drainage between 1985 and 2019 in northern Alaska. The lake origin map and lake drainage datasets were synthesized using five-year seamless Landsat ETM+ and OLI image composites. Nearly 35,000 lakes and their properties were characterized from Landsat mosaics using an object-based image analysis. Results indicate that the pattern of lake drainage varied by lake origin, and the proportion of lakes that completely drained (i.e., >60% area loss) between 1985 and 2019 in Thermokarst (non-yedoma), Yedoma, Glacial, and Maar lakes were 12.1, 9.5, 8.7, and 0.0%, respectively. The lakes most vulnerable to draining were small thermokarst (non-yedoma) lakes (12.7%) and large yedoma lakes (12.5%), while the most resilient were large and medium-sized glacial lakes (4.9 and 4.1%) and Maar lakes (0.0%). This analysis provides a simple remote sensing approach to estimate the spatial distribution of dominant lake origins across variable physiography and surficial geology, useful for discriminating between vulnerable versus resilient Arctic and subarctic lakes that are likely to change in warmer and wetter climates.

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Zhang, Ao, Xinwen Zhao, Jun He, Xuan Huang, Xingyuezi Zhao, and Yongbo Zhao. "Characteristics of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Composition in Precipitation, Rivers, and Lakes in Wuhan and the Ecological Environmental Effects of Lakes." Water 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2023): 2996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15162996.

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Wuhan has a dense network of rivers and lakes. Due to the city’s development, the water system has been fragmented, the degradation of lakes is becoming increasingly severe, and the eco-environment has been significantly damaged. By collecting samples of the central surface water bodies in Wuhan, including Yangtze River water, Han River water, lake water, and precipitation, and by utilizing hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and multivariate statistical methods, the hydraulic connectivity and ecological environmental effects between the Yangtze River, the Han River, and the lakes were revealed. The results indicated the following: (1) The local meteoric water Line (LMWL) in the Wuhan area was δD = 7.47δ18O + 1.77. The river water line equation was approximately parallel to the atmospheric precipitation line in the Wuhan area. The intercept and slope of the lake waterline equation were significantly smaller. The enrichment degree of δ18O and δD was Yangtze River < Hanjiang River < lake water. (2) The cluster analysis showed that the lakes could be divided into two types, i.e., inner-flow degraded (IFD) lakes and outer-flow ecological (OFE) lakes. Urban expansion has resulted in fragmentation of the IFD lakes, changing the connectivity between rivers and lakes and weakening the exchange of water bodies between the Yangtze River and lakes. Simultaneously, evaporation has caused hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation, resulting in the relative enrichment of isotopes. The IFD lakes included the Taizi Lake, Yehu Lake, and the Shenshan Lake. The OFE lakes and the Yangtze River were active, evaporation was weak, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were relatively depleted, mainly including the Huangjia Lake, the East Lake, the Tangxun Lake, etc. (3) The excessive deuterium (d-excess) parameter values in the Yangtze River and the Han River water were positive. In contrast, the d values in the lakes were mainly negative. In the case of a weakened water cycle, the effect of evaporation enrichment on lake water δ18O and δD had a significant impact. It is suggested that the water system connection project of “North Taizi Lake-South Taizi Lake-Yangtze River” and the small lakes connecting to large lakes project of “Wild Lake-Shenshan Lake-Tangxun Lake” should be implemented in time to restore the water eco-environment.

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Jia, Junmei, Qiuwen Chen, Haidong Ren, Renjie Lu, Hui He, and Peiwen Gu. "Phytoplankton Composition and Their Related Factors in Five Different Lakes in China: Implications for Lake Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053135.

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In this paper, two trophic lakes: Lake Taihu and Lake Yanghe, and three alpine lakes: Lake Qinghai, Lake Keluke, and Lake Tuosu, were investigated to discover the connections between environmental factors and the phytoplankton community in lakes with differences in trophic levels and climatic conditions. Three seasonal data, including water quality and phytoplankton, were collected from the five lakes. The results demonstrated clear differences in water parameters and phytoplankton compositions in different lakes. The phytoplankton was dominated by Bacillariophyta, followed by Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta in Lake Qinghai, Lake Keluke, and Lake Tuosu. It was dominated by Cyanobacteria (followed by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta in Lake Yanghe) and Cyanobacteria (followed by Chlorophyta and Cryptophyta in Lake Taihu). The temperature was an essential factor favoring the growth of Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta, especially Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. The pH had significantly negative relationships with Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta. Particularly, a high pH might be a strong and negative factor for phytoplankton growth in alpine lakes. A high salinity was also an adverse factor for phytoplankton. Those results could provide fundamental information about the phytoplankton community and their correlated factors in the alpine lakes of the Tibetan Plateau, contributing to the protection and management of alpine lakes.

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Donald, David B., and David J. Alger. "Geographic distribution, species displacement, and niche overlap for lake trout and bull trout in mountain lakes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-034.

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Indigenous lacustrine populations of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and lake trout (S. namaycush) are spatially separated within the southern part of the zone of distributional overlap (northern Montana, southwestern Alberta, and east-central British Columbia). In this area, lake trout occurred primarily in mountain lakes of 1032–1500 m elevation, while bull trout were found primarily in lakes between 1500 and 2200 m. Introductions of lake trout in the twentieth century and data obtained from beyond the study area indicated that both fishes can establish significant allopatric populations (more than 5% of the catch) in large, deep lakes (>8 ha in area and >8 m deep) over a wide elevation range. We tested the hypothesis that lake trout displace or exclude bull trout from lakes by determining the outcome of introductions of lake trout into two lakes that supported indigenous bull trout. Lake trout were introduced into Bow Lake in 1964, and by 1992 the bull trout population was decimated there and in another lake (Hector) situated 15 km downstream. Thus, lake trout can displace bull trout and may prevent bull trout from becoming established in certain low-elevation lakes. Population age-structure analyses also suggest that lake trout adversely affected bull trout. Bull trout populations in sympatry with lake trout, including the one extirpated from Hector Lake, had few old fish (18% were more than 5 years old; N = 40 fish from three lakes) compared with allopatric populations (49% were more than 5 years old; N = 235 fish from seven lakes). Niche overlap and the potential for competition between the two char species were substantial. In lakes with trophic structure ranging from simple to complex, bull trout and lake trout fed on similar foods and had similar ecological efficiencies (growth rates). Predation by lake trout on bull trout was not documented during the study.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lake"

1

Schnellmann, Michael P. Schnellmann Michael P. "Late quaternary mass movements in a perialpine lake (Lake Lucerne, Switzerland) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15533.

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O'Connor, Jim E. "Hydrology, hydraulics, and sediment transport of pleistocene Lake Bonneville flooding on the Snake River, Idaho." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191159.

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Approximately 14,500 years ago, Pleistocene Lake Bonneville discharged 4750 km 3 of water over the divide between the closed Bonneville Basin and the watershed of the Snake River. The resulting flood, emanating from the divide at Red Rock Pass, Idaho, followed the present courses of Marsh Creek, the Portneuf River, and the Snake and Columbia Rivers before reaching the Pacific Ocean. For the 1100 kilometers between Red Rock Pass and Lewiston, Idaho, the Bonneville Flood left a spectacular array of flood features that have allowed for geologic reconstruction and quantitative evaluation of many aspects of the flood hydrology, hydraulics, and sediment transport. Geologic evidence of maximum flood stages in conjunction with step-backwater modeling provides for peak discharge estimates and understanding of local hydraulic flow conditions for ten separate reaches along the flood route. Peak discharge was approximately 1.0 million m³•sec⁻¹ at the Lake Bonneville outlet near Red Rock Pass. Downstream, the maximum discharge had attenuated to 0.57-0.62 million m³•sec⁻¹ by arrival at Lewiston. Attenuation was primarily the result of flow storage in the wide alluvial valleys of the western Snake River Plain. The local hydraulic conditions (depth and velocity) of the Bonneville Flood varied significantly within and between the study reaches. The rate of energy expenditure was also highly varied; local calculated stream-power values ranged from less than 10 watts•m² to 100,000 watts•m². Greater than 60% of the total energy loss at peak discharge was expended in a total distance that encompassed less than 10% of the flood route. These spatial variations in local hydraulic conditions were profoundly important in controlling the distribution of flood processes and features. The deposition of tractively-transported cobbles and boulders (measured diameters ranged from less than 10 cm to greater than 10 m) occurred in reaches of decreasing flow energy within quantitatively-definable limits of flow energy. Areas of erosion are more difficult to precisely evaluate; however, they were restricted to reaches of greater stream power. It is likely that cavitation was an important erosional agent in many areas of most intense flow conditions.

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Metcalfe, Elisabet Joan. "Late-glacial through Holocene Stratigraphy and Lake-level Record of Rangely Lake, Western Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MetcalfeEJ2007.pdf.

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Maki, Angela Pelkie. "Effects of Air Temperature and Lake Ice on Snowfall on the South Shore of Lake Superior." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/941.

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Lake Superior is a forcing factor for local weather systems, causing substantial amounts of lake effect snow in the winter (particularly on the south shore). This study assesses decreasing ice cover of Lake Superior and its effects upon synoptic weather factors. Data were collected from eleven National Weather Service (NWS) stations located on the south shore of the lake. Rainfall and snowfall amounts from December to May were regressed on percent ice coverage and average monthly temperatures from 1972-2002. Ice coverage and average monthly temperature had a negative relationship with snowfall and rainfall.

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Sapota, Tomasz. "Late Cenozoic Geoarchives from Lake Baikal, Siberia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4552.

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<p>Three long sediment cores (BDP-98 – 600 m, BDP-96 – 200 m and BDP-93 – 100 m) drilled in Lake Baikal (Siberia) have been studied with the aims of establishing an absolute chronology and reconstructing paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes in the region. The location of the lake at relatively high latitude and continental interior and a thick continuous sedimentary archive that developed in a rift system tectonic setting provide unique material for this investigation. The cosmogenic isotope <sup>10</sup>Be was used for dating and the results indicate time spans of 8 (+0.8\-0.6) Myr for BDP-98, 5.5 (±0.13) Myr for BDP-96 and >0.7 Myr for BDP-93. Two major sedimentary facies (deltaic and hemipelagic) are distinguished by textural geochemical and mineralogical data. Detrital mineral composition suggests negligible change in provenance during the period studied. Formation of authigenic minerals, such as framboidal pyrite, vivianite and siderite, reflects variable environmental conditions in the lake and climate change in the region. Biogenic silica content shows climatic influence, which is modified by the supply of detrital material and postdepositional alterations. <sup>10</sup>Be dating, combined with lithological analysis of the sediments, makes it possible to place temporal constrains on climate cooling at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (5 Myr ago) and at the Early/Late Pliocene boundary (3.6 Myr ago) as well as the beginning of the northern hemisphere glaciation at about 2.5–2.6 Myr ago. The regional east-west tectonic extension of south-east Asia, related to Tibetan Plateau uplift, was confined in the Baikal area to between about 7 and 5 Myr ago, with a rifting rate calculated at 7 mm year<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, the <sup>10</sup>Be data suggest that geomagnetic field intensity strengthened around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary.</p>

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Lacey, Jack H. "Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from Lake Ohrid." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31993/.

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Lake Ohrid is a large, deep, ancient lake located on the Balkan Peninsula and has an extraordinary degree of endemic biodiversity. A deep drilling campaign was carried out in 2013 as part of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) project to better understand the influence of climate and environmental change on evolutionary patterns and endemism. Initial results from a 569 m sediment succession drilled in the centre of the basin indicate continuous lacustrine conditions over the past ca. 1.2 Ma. This thesis presents new stable isotope data from carbonate within the upper 248 m of the composite profile, covering the last ca. 640 ka at a millennial-scale resolution (≈ 0.5 ka). Isotope data are used to provide a long-term palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, which is supported by a quantitative model of modern lake water isotope composition and a detailed multi-proxy investigation of climate evolution since the last glacial period. Water balance calculations confirm Ohrid to be an evaporative system with a complex hydrology. Variations in the isotope composition of modern lake water are suggested to represent long-term fluctuations in water balance. A trend from wetter to drier conditions through the Holocene is consistent with regional and hemispheric processes related to changes in insolation. Over the last ca. 640 ka, endogenic calcite is precipitated in abundance during warm stages, however carbonate is negligible during glacial periods with the exception of discrete horizons comprising early diagenetic authigenic siderite. The oxygen isotope composition of lake water, calculated using calcite and siderite, indicates more evaporated conditions during warm stages and fresher lake water in glacial phases. Low frequency variability shown by calcite isotope data suggests relatively stable conditions before ca. 450 ka, a transition to a wetter climate between ca. 400-250 ka, and a trend to drier climate conditions after ca. 250 ka. Higher frequency millennial-scale oscillations and abrupt climate events observed during warm stages are likely associated with regional climate change as a function of orbital forcing. This study emphasises the potential of Lake Ohrid as a valuable archive of climate change in the central Mediterranean region and demonstrates the efficacy of isotope data for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction at Lake Ohrid.

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Lally, Corinne M. "Late Pleistocene to Holocene climate variability recorded in lake sediment of Silver Lake, Summit County, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1479127321585964.

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Olago, Daniel Ochieng. "Late Quaternary lake sediments of Mount Kenya, Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296036.

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Griffiths, S. J. "Late Quaternary palaeoclimatology of Lake Kopais, central Greece." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507951.

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Ferian, Michael R. "The Effect of Global Temperature Increase on Lake-Effect Snowfall Downwind of Lake Erie." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1229968622.

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Books on the topic "Lake"

1

N, Smirnov N., ed. Lake Glubokoe. Dordrecht: W. Junk, 1987.

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Seelye, Elizabeth Eggleston. Lake George in history. 5th ed. Lake George, N.Y: E. Seelye, 1986.

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Armbruster, Ann. Lake Superior. New York: Children's Press, 1996.

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UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre., ed. Technology needs for lake management in Indonesia: Case studies : Lakes Rawa Danau and Rawa Pening, Java. Osaka, Japan: UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre, 1999.

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1942-, Goldstein Robert A., ed. Integrated lake-watershed acidification. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1985.

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Association of Summer Villages of Alberta., ed. Lake stewardship reference guide. 2nd ed. Edmonton: Association of Summer Villages of Alberta, 2006.

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Association of Summer Villages of Alberta., ed. Lake stewardship reference guide. 2nd ed. Edmonton: Association of Summer Villages of Alberta, 2006.

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James, Mark. Lake level management. Wellington, N.Z: Ministry for the Environment, 2002.

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Indiana Lakes Management Work Group. Final report of the Indiana Lakes Management Work Group. [Indianapolis: Indiana Dept. of Environmental Management, 1999.

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International Workshop on Restoration and Management of Eutrophic Lakes (2001 Kunming Shi, China). Restoration and management of tropical eutrophic lakes. Edited by Reddy M. V. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lake"

1

Khera, Dipti. "Lakes within lake-palaces." In Water Histories of South Asia, 60–92. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Visual and media histories: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429242694-4.

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Kumar, Anjani, Abhishek Mishra, and Sanjeev Kumar. "Data Lake, Lake House, and Delta Lake." In Architecting a Modern Data Warehouse for Large Enterprises, 95–160. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0029-0_3.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Lake." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 417. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6740.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Lake." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 417–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6741.

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Seip, Knut Lehre, and Fred Wenstop. "Lake." In A Primer on Environmental Decision-Making, 309–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5067-1_17.

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Filatov, Nikolai, and Leonid Rukhovets. "Ladoga Lake and Onego Lake (Lakes Ladozhskoye and Onezhskoye)." In Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, 429–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_197.

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Mianping, Zheng. "Saline Lakes and Lake Districts." In An Introduction to Saline Lakes on the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau, 18–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5458-1_2.

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Renaut, Robin W., and Richard Bernhart Owen. "Lake Nakuru and Lake Elmenteita." In The Kenya Rift Lakes: Modern and Ancient, 363–415. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25055-2_10.

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Selley, Richard C. "Lake deposits." In Ancient Sedimentary Environments, 102–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5421-9_4.

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Robitaille, André, and Jean-Marie M. Dubois. "Lake Outbursts." In Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, 444–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_101.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lake"

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Gihon, Arik. "Lunar Lake Architecture Session." In 2024 IEEE Hot Chips 36 Symposium (HCS), 1–49. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hcs61935.2024.10664946.

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Choudhary, Vanshika, Kartik, and Neetu Bala. "Cloud-Based Data Lake." In 2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computation-Based Sensor Application (ICAIQSA), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiqsa64000.2024.10882348.

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Kitazawa, Daisuke, Takero Yoshida, Jinxin Zhou, and Sanggyu Park. "Comparative Study on Vertical Circulation in Deep Lakes: Lake Biwa and Lake Ikeda." In 2018 OCEANS - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean (OTO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanskobe.2018.8558877.

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Olson, Kristian, Robert V. Demicco, and Tim Lowenstein. "SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF SALINE-ALKALINE LAKES: MODEL SOLUTIONS FOR SHALLOW (MODERN) OWENS LAKE AND DEEP (LATE PLEISTOCENE) SEARLES LAKE, CALIFORNIA (USA)." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383213.

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Wriston, Teresa A., and Geoffrey M. Smith. "THE LATE PLEISTOCENE TO HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGY AND LAKE LEVELS OF PLUVIAL LAKE WARNER, OREGON." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287174.

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Dickey, Hank, Matthew E. Kirby, Ed Knell, William T. Anderson, Stephanie Hernandez, Sophia Obarr, Jen Leidelmeijer, Jan Taylor, and Eyrica Arriola. "USING LAKE SEDIMENTS TO INFER LATE-GLACIAL HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS OF PLUVIAL LAKE MOJAVE, CALIFORNIA." In 116th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020cd-347676.

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Scholz, Christopher A., and Douglas Wood. "Early-Stage Extension in the Southwest East African Rift: Integration of New Seismic Reflection Data." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2614293-ms.

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ABSTRACT The western branch of the East African Rift is characterized by modest amounts of extension and by deeply-subsided, fault-controlled basins filled with large, deep lakes. Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa (Malawi) are two of the largest lakes in the world, with maximum water depths of 1450 and 700 m respectively. Newly acquired seismic reflection data, along with newly reprocessed legacy data reveal thick sedimentary sections, in excess of 5 km in some localities. The 1980's vintage legacy data from Project PROBE have been reprocessed through pre-stack depth migration in Lake Tanganyika, and similar reprocessing of legacy data from Lake Nyasa (Malawi) is underway. New high-fold and large-source commercial data have recently been collected in southern Lake Tanganyika, and new academic data have been acquired in the northern and central basins of Lake Nyasa (Malawi) as part of the 2015 SEGMeNT project. In the case of Lake Tanganyika, new data indicate the presence of older sediment packages that underlie previously identified "pre-rift" basement (the "Nyanja Event"). These episodes of sedimentation and extension may substantially predate the modern lake. These deep stratal reflections are absent in many localites, possibly on account of attenuation of the acoustic signal. However in one area of southern Lake Tanganyika, the newly-observed deep strata extend axially for ~70 km, likely representing deposits from a discrete paleolake. The high-amplitude Nyanja Event is interpreted as the onset of late-Cenozoic rifting, and the changing character of the overlying depositional sequences reflects increasing relief in the rift valley, as well as the variability of fluvial inputs, and the intermittent connectivity of upstream lake catchments. Earlier Tanganyika sequences are dominated by shallow lake and fluvial-lacustrine facies, whereas later sequences are characterized by extensive gravity flow deposition in deep water, and pronounced erosion and incision in shallow water depths and on littoral platforms. The age and provenance of the sub-Nyanja Event sequences is unknown, but may correlate to Miocene, Cretaceous or Karroo-age sedimentary packages documented elsewhere in the southwestern part of the East African Rift, including in the region around Lakes Rukwa and Nyasa (Malawi).

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Finke, Andrew. "Lake." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3308455.

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Steele, Jack Cowan, and William H. Amidon. "LATE PLEISTOCENE CHRONOLOGY OF LAKE TERRETON, SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272806.

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Stine, Scott. "LATE HOLOCENE ISLAND VOLCANISM AT MONO LAKE, CALIFORNIA." In Cordilleran Section - 119th Annual Meeting - 2023. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023cd-388067.

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Reports on the topic "Lake"

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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Nose Lake, Nunavut-Northwest Territories, NTS 76-F. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329666.

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The oldest regional ice flow in the Nose Lake map area is southwestward. Subsequent northwestward flow is inferred from streamlined bedrock in central and eastern regions. The final and youngest flow was southwestward in these same regions, recorded by an abundance of streamlined landforms in till blanket and bedrock. The western edge of this late active ice lobe is defined by recessional moraines, part of the Twin Jugs moraine, also marking the eastern limit of a broad band of hummocky till from downwasting ice. During deglaciation, short-lived proglacial lakes, identified by raised beaches and deltas, developed within parts of the river valleys of the Mara (420 to 410 m elevation), Hackett (445 to 395 m), and Storak (440 to 415 m). Lakes also formed west of Nose Lake (490 to 430 m elevation) and in the Contwoyto-Pellatt-Ghurka lake basins (470 to 450 m). Orientation of many eskers, associated subglacial meltwater corridors, and sheet drainage is variable, but can be perpendicular to local ice flow.

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Dyke, A. S., J. E. Campbell, and G. Lauzon. Surficial geology, Abitau Lake, Northwest Territories, NTS 75-B. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330072.

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The Abitau Lake map area lies in the Rae Province of the Canadian Shield. Quaternary deposits are extensive and thick, with bedrock outcrop concentrated in the northwest and southwest. Till is extensively streamlined to the west-southwest by late deglacial ice flow from the Keewatin Ice Divide. The region is incised by west-southwest flowing subglacial meltwater corridors that extend across the map area, spaced 5 to 15 km apart. The ice flow chronology (Figure 1) is recorded both in the landforms and in the striae record. Rare measurements record an old flowset oriented northwest-southeast. Well defined indicators in cross-cutting relationships reveal a regional clockwise rotation in ice-flow directions evolving from an old southward to a late deglacial westward flow. Short-lived proglacial lakes, as evidenced by wave-cut scarps, terraced outwash, ice-contact deltas, and patches of glacial lake sediments, occupied a paleodrainage area not only of Hudson Bay but possibly also the headwaters of the Mackenzie River.

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Swanson, David, and Celia Hampton-Miller. Drained lakes in Bering Land Bridge National Preserve: Vegetation succession and impacts on loon habitat. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296593.

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The northern coastal plain of Bering Land Bridge National Preserve (BELA) lost lakes at an alarming rate over the first two decades of this century, including four lakes over 100 ha in size in 2018-2019 alone. To understand the effects of these lake drainages, we sampled vegetation of these lakes in 2019 (a reconnaissance visit) and 2021 (for the installation of permanent vegetation monitoring plots). We used these data to summarize the changes that occurred in the first three years after drainage, and to create vegetation maps from 3-m resolution satellite images coinciding with the visit dates. We used time series of these satellite images to study the rate of drainage and vegetation colonization on the lakes. We analyzed our existing data from older drained lake basins (estimated to be more than 200 years since drainage) and reviewed the literature on vegetation change in drained lakes to understand the vegetation changes that are likely in the future. Finally, we used a model of lake occupancy by loons developed by Mizel et al. (2021) to predict the effect of the 2018-2019 lake drainages on available loon habitat, using both our detailed maps of the four sampled drained lakes, and also data on all drained lakes over most of northern BELA derived from Landsat satellite images. Our results show that the four study lakes drained early in the summer, before the end of June, in 2018 (3 lakes) and 2019 (one lake). A combination of record warm weather and heavy snowfall made 2018 and 2019 especially favorable for lake drainage: thaw subsidence probably enlarged existing drainage outlet channels from the lakes, and large amounts of spring snowmelt runoff deepened the outlet channels by thermal erosion (the combination of thaw and erosion). Drainage exposed moist loamy sediment on the lake bottoms that was rapidly colonized by plants. Substantial vegetation cover developed by late summer in the same year as lake drainage in one lake, in the first post-drainage summer in a second lake, and during the 2nd year after drainage in the remaining two lakes. The first vegetation communities to develop consisted of just one or two dominant species, notably Eleocharis acicularis (spike rush), Equisetum arvense (horsetail), and/or Tephroseris palustris (mastodon flower). Other important early species were Arctophila fulva (pendant grass) and Rorippa palustris (yellow cress). By year 3, the communities had become more diverse, with significant cover by taller wetland graminoid species, including A. fulva, Eriophorum scheuchzeri, and Carex aquatilis. Frozen soil was observed in most locations on the lakes in July of 2021, suggesting that permafrost was forming on the lake bottoms. Comparison of the three-year trends in vegetation change with data from older lake basins suggest that ultimately most lake basins will develop wet tundra communities dominated by Carex aquatilis and mosses, with various low shrub species on acid, peat-dominated soils and permafrost; however, this process should take several centuries. The loon habitat model suggests that drainage essentially eliminated the potential habitat for Yellow-billed Loons on the four study lakes, because the residuals ponds were too small for Yellow-billed Loons to take flight from. A total of 17 lakes drained in northern BELA in 2018-2019. As a result, the potential Yellow-billed Loon nesting habitat in northern BELA probably decreased by approximately 2%, while habitat for Pacific Loons decreased less, by about 0.6%. Habitat for the more abundant Red-throated Loons probably increased slightly as a result of lake drainage, because of their ability to use the small residual ponds created by lake drainage.

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Hagedorn, G. W., I. R. Smith, R. C. Paulen, and M. Ross. Surficial geology, Enterprise, Northwest Territories, NTS 85-C/9, 10, 15, and 16. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328292.

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The Enterprise map area is a low-relief terrain bisected by a prominent Devonian carbonate bedrock escarpment. Ice-flow indicators show a clockwise shift in Laurentide Ice Sheet flow from southwest (230°), to west (280°), to northwest (305°). A late-stage southwestward surge from the Great Slave Lake basin is also preserved as drumlinoid ridges below the escarpment. During deglaciation, ice retreat impounded northeastern drainage forming local ice-contact lakes and areas of subaerial glaciofluvial outwash. As ice continued to retreat, the northern portion of the map area became inundated by glacial Lake McConnell, within which the Snake Creek Moraine and associated subaqueous fans formed. Prominent flights of beach ridges record the drainage of this lake. Exposed nearshore and littoral lake sediments were subsequently remobilized into eolian dunes. Bogs and fens have formed over much of the low relief landscape and display extensive thermokarst.

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Maki, Ryan, Kristen Patterson, Joseph Amundson, Edward Carlson, Loren Miller, Steven Shroyer, Jaime LeDuc, et al. Little Shoepack Lake muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) population estimate and genetic evaluation of muskellunge from Shoepack and Little Shoepack lakes. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305092.

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Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, are home to native populations of Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy). Due to the small size of these lakes, 20.8 ha and 123 ha, respectively, and the associated, predicted small size of these Muskellunge populations, resource managers are concerned about their persistence. A recent population assessment completed for Shoepack Lake Muskellunge indicated that the population may be below a threshold at which a genetic bottleneck could threaten its persistence. Since Little Shoepack Lake is approximately 20% of the size of Shoepack Lake, resource managers were concerned that its Muskellunge population is likely smaller and at even greater risk of extirpation due to lack of genetic variability. To assess whether additional protections were warranted and whether increasing genetic diversity through stocking might allow for genetic rescue, a population estimate was completed for the Muskellunge in Little Shoepack Lake, and a genetic assessment of Muskellunge from Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes was completed. The estimated abundance of Muskellunge ? 420 mm in Little Shoepack Lake in 2021 was 137 with a 95% confidence interval of 87 to 277. The density of this population, 6.6 per ha, is the highest of any Muskellunge population assessed in Minnesota. The Muskellunge from Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes had substantially lower genetic diversity than other regional populations. The two populations were genetically similar, yet distinct, from one another and were far more distinct from other Muskellunge populations in the region. As anticipated, the population estimate for Muskellunge in Little Shoepack Lake indicates that the population is near or below a threshold at which the risk of low genetic diversity may impact population persistence. The genetic analysis showed that cross stocking native Muskellunge between Shoepack and Little Shoepack lakes would not likely provide enough genetic diversity to greatly increase the chances of the two populations persisting. Considering the long duration that this population has persisted (up to 8,900 years in Little Shoepack Lake) and the importance of maintaining these unique strains of Muskellunge to protect regional biodiversity, cross stocking of Muskellunge between Little Shoepack and Shoepack lakes or stocking Muskellunge from other lakes is not recommended at this time. We recommend that resource managers continue to use fishing regulations, controls on angling pressure, and prevention of introductions of both fish species and aquatic invasive species as tools to help sustain these populations. Considering the fishery is effectively catch-and-release due to minimum length harvest regulations in Minnesota and that difficulty of access limits fishing pressure and catch-and-release mortality, we recommend that Little Shoepack Lake remains open for a Muskellunge angling opportunity.

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Thompson, Anna, Michael Loso, Sydney Mooneyham, Brandon Tober, Christopher Larsen, and John Holt. Surficial geology and proglacial lake change at S?t? Tlein (Malaspina Glacier), Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301689.

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S?t? Tlein (Tlingit for ?Big Glacier?) is the traditional name for what has recently been called Malaspina Glacier, the largest glacier in Alaska. The piedmont terminal lobe of S?t? Tlein is protected from the adjacent Pacific Ocean by a narrow, vegetated foreland dotted with proglacial lakes. Ice of the piedmont lobe is largely covered with debris and vegetation. These lakes and sedimentary deposits impact rates of melt and calving and therefore impact ongoing evolution of the glacier itself. To document these features, we present 1) a new surficial geology map for the foreland and piedmont lobe of S?t? Tlein (an area of 3477 km2) at a scale of 1:24,000, and 2) a detailed time-series of proglacial lake extents. The surficial geology is referenced to a 2012 IFSAR Digital Terrain Model with 5-m resolution, supplemented with additional satellite images, maps, and digital elevation models. We visited the foreland in 2021 to ground-truth portions of the mapped area. Lake outlines were digitized from Landsat imagery, focusing on lakes adjacent to the central ?Seward Lobe? of S?t? Tlein. A majority of the mapping area is occupied by glacier ice, a sizable fraction of which is covered by supraglacial debris of varying thicknesses. Off glacier, in the foreland, glacial outwash is the most common mapping unit, followed by moraines of varying ages and finally by marine beaches, bars, and lagoons. Perhaps surprisingly, given significant changes in the glacier itself over the last half-century, these deposits have not changed dramatically since a similar map was produced by Plafker and Miller in 1958. The most significant changes we found are related to lake development. Other than Malaspina Lake, the largest and most persistent lake in the foreland, proglacial lakes were uncommon in the foreland in 1958. Our mapping shows that lake numbers on the Seward Lobe increased from 5 to more than 200 between 1972 and 2020. Most of the new thermokarst lakes are small, compared to Malaspina Lake, but may be having strong impacts on the future evolution of S?t? Tlein. One of these new lakes, Sitkagi Lagoon, is ice-walled and receives input from the Pacific Ocean, portending the possible initiation of catastrophic tidewater glacier retreat.

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Bailard, Jennifer. Mojave Desert Network (MOJN) Streams and Lakes (STLK) Data Quality Report 2024. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2312646.

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This HTML report summarizes data quality evaluations of discrete data collected for the Mojave Desert Network Inventory and Monitoring Program Streams and Lakes protocol. This protocol is designed to monitor the hydrologic and ecosystem health of nine streams and six subalpine lakes in Great Basin National Park. Collected data include lake surface elevations, lake clarity, water quality measurements, stream channel characteristics, water chemistry samples, and benthic macroinvertebrate samples. Lake surface elevations, lake clarity, water quality measurements, and stream channel characteristics data cover 2009 to 2024. Water chemistry sample data cover 2009 to 2023. Benthic macroinvertebrate sample data are published in a separate data package and cover 2009 to 2023.

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Ramos-Santiago, Efrain, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, Fabian Garcia-Moreno, Luke Aucoin, Meredith Carr, Madison Yawn, and Jeffrey Melby. Statistical analysis of storm surge and seiche hazards for Lake Erie. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48590.

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Storm surge and seiche events are generally forced by severe storms, initially resulting in a wind-driven super elevation of water level on one or more sides of a lake (surge) followed by a rebound and periodic oscillation of water levels between opposing sides of the lake (seiche). These events have caused flooding along Lake Erie and significant damages to coastal communities and infrastructure. This study builds upon statistical analysis methods initially developed for the 2012 federal interagency Great Lakes Coastal Flood Study. Using the Coastal Hazards System's stochastic Storm Simulation (StormSim) suite of tools, including the Probabilistic Simulation Technique (PST), and regional frequency model, historical extreme events were assessed in a local frequency analysis and a regional frequency analysis to quantify the annual exceedance frequency (AEF) of WLD events specific to Lake Erie. The objective of this study was to quantify AEFs of storm surge and seiche hazards to provide a better understanding of these events to aid flood mitigation and risk reduction for lakeside properties.

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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Keller Lake, Northwest Territories, NTS 95-P. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328293.

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The Keller Lake map area contains three glacial terrains. First, ridged and fluted till cover the northeast region above 300 m elevation. Second, streamlined till, including mega-scale glacial lineations, and till plain with an extensive organic cover, dominate a low-lying basin in the north-central and central regions. Third, till blanket, ridged till, and undifferentiated till cover the highlands at 375 to 575 m elevation in the southeast, south, and west. A dominant regional northwestward ice flow first crossed the map area. Subsequently, an ice stream developed late during deglaciation, creating northwesterly oriented mega-scale glacial lineations in north-central regions. Late shifts in ice flow in the northeastern highlands also resulted in west-northwestward flutings superimposed on older northwestward-trending drumlinoids. Retreating remnant ice deposited minor moraines and other ridges over fluted till. In the extreme southeast, glacial Lake McConnell inundated lowlands to 275 m elevation, following retreat of southwesterly flowing ice. Meltwater corridors and glaciofluvial sediments are more prevalent in western regions and record variable flow directions.

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Richmond, K. A., and L. G. Goldsborough. Late Holocene paleolimnology of Killarney Lake, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211113.

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