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Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye. "Modelling Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Processes in Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12024.
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Lake Tana Basin is of significant importance to Ethiopia concerning water resources aspects and the ecological balance of the area. The growing high demands in utilizing the high potentials of water resource of the Lake to its maximal limit, pictures a disturbing future for the Lake. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of topography, soil, land use and climatic varia-bility on the hydrological and hydrodynamic processes of the Lake Tana Basin. The physically based SWAT model was successfully calibrated and validated for flow and sediment yield. Se-quential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2), parameter solution (ParaSol) and generalized likelihood un-certainty estimation (GLUE) calibration and uncertainty analysis methods were compared and used for the set-up of the SWAT model. There is a good agreement between the measured and simulated flows and sediment yields. SWAT and GIS based decision support system that uses multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) was used to identify the most vulnerable areas to soil erosion in the basin. The results indicated that 12 to 30.5% of the watershed is high erosion potential. Pro-jected changes in precipitation and temperature in the basin for two seasons were analyzed using outputs from fifteen global climate models (GCMs). A historical-modification procedure was used to downscale large scale outputs from GCM models to watershed-scale climate data. The results showed significant changes in streamflow and other hydrological parameters in the period between 2045-2100. SWAT was combined with a three dimensional hydrodynamic model, GEMSS to investigate the flow structure, stratification, the flushing time, lake water balance and finally the Lake‘s water level response to planned water removal. We have found an alarming and dramatic fall of the water levels in Lake Tana as response to the planned water withdrawal. The combination of the two models can be used as a decision support tools to better understand and manage land and water resources in watersheds and waterbodies. The study showed that the Lake Tana Basin may experience a negative change in water balance in the forthcoming decades due to climate change as well as over abstraction of water resources.QC 20100720
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Soetanto, Budi, and soetanto@gmail com. "EVALUATION OF SEDIMENTATION PROCESSES IN A COASTAL LAKE: CAUSEWAY LAKE, THE CAPRICORN COAST CASE STUDY." Central Queensland University. Engineering, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070622.122252.
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This thesis presents analysis of the hydrodynamic and sedimentation changes of the Causeway Lake, Queensland. It was created in 1939 when a causeway and bridge construction was built across the estuary entrance. Since the construction, significant sediment retention has occurred in the lake. The sediment study presented in this thesis was undertaken based on historical data, field data measurement and numerical modelling, supported by theoretical analysis.
Based on bathymetry data for the period from 1986 and 2003, an average of 2500 m3/year of sediment has settled in the estuary. To verify the sources of sedimentation, field measurements were undertaken at selected sections at two upstream boundaries (Mulambin and Shoal Creeks), and at the downstream boundary under the bridge.
Four sets of field measurements with tidal elevation up to 4.5 m (0.8 m above the bridge sill) were analysed. Results showed that sediment transport in from the sea side was about 1050 m3/year and from the catchments area was in the order of 1100 m3/year (wash load was not included).
Implementation of numerical modelling using RMA required calibration using field data. The predicted sediment transport was in order of 2900 m3/year. The calibrated model was used to simulate the sedimentation pattern for the next 10 years. Four scenarios were analysed, and the resulting recommendation was to dredge out about 141,000 m3 sediment from the Mulambin Creek branch area. Other solutions were also suggested: improvement of lake management and possibility to raise the sill level (water gate).
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McCulloch, Andrew John. "Developing and Calibrating the Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model CE-QUAL-W2 for Banks Lake Washington." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/180.
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Located in central Washington State, Banks Lake serves as an irrigation storage reservoir for the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project and is home to a diverse fisheries population. The current hydrologic management strategies used for Banks Lake have been chosen to serve two purposes: to adequately store and provide irrigation water for the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project and to maintain a healthy aquatic environment suitable for the growth and habitation of local flora and fauna. Increased needs for irrigation water within arid central Washington poses additional challenges to reservoir managers so that irrigation needs are met without damaging the present aquatic environment within Banks Lake. Future plans by the Washington Department of Ecology to use Banks Lake storage to replenish ground water reserves of the Odessa Subarea aquifer have required an investigation into how increased seasonal drawdown may affect fish growth, fish habitat and overall limnology of Banks Lake. The goal of this project is to produce a hydrodynamic and water quality model of Banks Lake that can predict the impacts of management strategies on the lake's water quality and the linkage of lake management to fish habitat.
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Paul, Seema. "Data preparation, hydrodynamic and contaminant transport shallow-water simulations of Lake Victoria." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Vatten- och miljöteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263593.
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This study explores shallow lake numerical hydrodynamic processes that support model development and validation, extreme events and effects of water circulation in Lake Victoria. Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world, and the largest in East Africa. It is the major freshwater reservoir and source for domestic, agriculture, industrial, fishery, and transport. The resources support livelihoods and ecosystem services for over 40 million people. The lake is severely affected by water quality degradation by pollution. This thesis aims at improving the understanding by following recommendation of the Lake Victoria Environment Management Project, Lake Victoria Basin Commission climate change adaptation strategy and action plan 2018-2023, Lake Victoria Basin Commission operational plan 2015-2020, and Lake Victoria Basin Commission report. These reports suggested detailed lake bathymetry survey, modelling of lake flow, study of lake hydrometeorological processes by modelling and simulation, to identify extreme weather events, assess water circulation effect, and study lake pollution near the shore. A numerical hydrodynamic model was built in the COMSOL Multiphysics (CM) software for assessing lake flows and water turn-over from river inflows which carry pollution. The work included the development of systematic methods for lake bathymetry that are relevant for lake numerical and hydrodynamic modelling. The hydrometeorological driven simulation model was employed to assess lake water balance, water circulation and soluble transport. Paper 1 creates a bathymetry from several methods and from several data sources, and a vertically integrated free surface flow model was implemented in CM. The model was used to investigate outflow conditions, mean velocities driven by river inflow, outflow, precipitation and evaporation. It is shown to be exactly conservative and give water level variation in reasonable agreement with measurements. The results indicate that the shallow water model is close to linear. An outflow model, linear in water level, predicts water level reasonable agreement with measurements. The findings suggest that the model should consider wind stress driven flow to provide more accurate lake flow behavior. Paper 2 performed an assessment of the hydro-meteorological processes and extreme weather events that are responsible for changing the characteristics of lake water balance, and changing streamflow variations, and lake transportation. We compare historical data over a long time with data from the model including water balance, sources of data uncertainty, correlations, extreme rain and inflow years, and seasonal variations. Solute loading and transportation was illustrated by tracing the water from the river inflows. The results indicate that the lake rainfall has a strong seasonal variation with strong correlations between tributary inflows and precipitation, and between lake outflow and water level. The tracer transport by mean flow is very slow. Flow increases somewhat in wet periods and is faster in the shallow Kenya lake zone than in the deeper Uganda and Tanzanian lake zones, where the major inflow, from the Kagera River, appears to strongly influence transportation.Denna studie undersöker med numerisk metodik hydrodynamiska processer i den mycket grundaVictoriasjön och hur de påverkas av extrem väderlek, inflöden, och nederbörd. Victoriasjön är denandra största sötvattensjön i världen, och den största i Afrika. Den är färskvattenförråd och källa förhushåll, jordbruk, industri, fiske och transporter. Resurserna ger livsuppehåll och ekosystemtjänsterför mer än 40 miljoner människor. Sjön är utsatt för allvarliga föroreningar som försämrarvattenkvaliteten. Detta arbete avser att förbättra förståelsen genom att följa rekommendationer somgivits ut av Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMP), och Lake Victoria BasinCommissions (LVBC) rapporter om strategi för anpassning till klimatförändringar, åtgärdsplan2018-2023 och översiktsplan 2015-2020. Rapporterna föreslår detaljerad genomgång avdjupkartor, modellering av strömning i sjön i syfte att identifiera extrema väderhändelser,undersöka vattencirkulationen, och studera föroreningarna nära stränder. En hydrodynamisknumerisk modell har byggts i simuleringspaketet COMSOL Multiphysics (CM) för uppskattning avströmning och vattenutbyte från förorenade inflöden. Arbetet innefattade utveckling av metoder förvattendjups-modeller för hydrodynamiska studier. Simuleringsmodellen drivs avhydrometeorologiska data och används för vattenmängds-balans, cirkulation ochföroreningstransport.Artikel 1 skapar vattendjupskartan från flera data-mängder med olika metoder. En vertikaltintegrerad modell med fri yta implementerades i CM. Modellen ger vertikalt medelvärdesbildadehastigheter drivna av flodinflöden, utflöde, nederbörd och avdunstning. Modellen representerarvattenbalansen exakt och ger variationer i vattennivå i rimlig överensstämmelse med mätningar.Resultaten antyder att modellen är nära linjär och tids-invariant. En utflödesmodell ansatt somlinjär i vatten-nivån kan anpassas noggrant till historiska data. Bättre realism kan uppnås omvindens pådrivande verkan inkluderas.Artikel 2 går igenom de hydro-meteorologiska processer och extrema väder-händelser som ändrarvattenbalans, strömningsmönster och transport. Vi har jämfört data över femtio år med modellens,inkluderande vattennivå, källor för osäkerhet i data, korrelationer, år med extrema regn ochinflöden, och årstidsvariationer. Resultaten tyder på att nederbörden varierar kraftigt medårstiderna, och signifikanta korrelationer ses mellan nederbörd och inflöden, och mellan utflöde ochvattennivå.Transport av lösliga föroreningar illustrerades genom spårning av vatten från de olika inflödena.Spårämnestransport med vertikalt medelvärdesbildade hastigheter är mycket långsam.Strömningen ökar något i våta årstider och är snabbare i den grunda zonen i Kenya än i de djuparedelarna i Uganda och Tanzania. Det största inflödet som kommer från Kagera tycks ha stor inverkanpå transporten.
QC 20191106
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Chilmakui, Chandra Sekhar. "Sediment Transport and Pathogen Indicator Modeling in Lake Pontchartrain." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/326.
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A nested three dimensional numerical modeling application was developed to determine the fate of pathogen indicators in Lake Pontchartrain discharged from its tributaries. To accomplish this, Estuarine, coastal and ocean model with sediment (ECOMSED) was implemented to simulate various processes that would determine the fate and transport of fecal coliform bacteria in the lake. The processes included hydrodynamics, waves, sediment transport, and the decay and transport of the fecal coliforms. Wind and tidal effects were accounted along with the freshwater inflows. All the components of the modeling application were calibrated and validated using measured data sets. Field measurements of the conventional water quality parameters and fecal coliform levels were used to calibrate and validate the pathogen indicator transport. The decay of the fecal coliforms was based on the literature and laboratory tests. The sediment transport module was calibrated based on the satellite reflectance data in the lake. The north shore near-field model indicated that the fecal coliform plume can be highly dynamic and sporadic depending on the wind and tide conditions. It also showed that the period of impact due to a storm event on the fecal coliform levels in the lake can be anywhere from 1.5 days for a typical summer event to 4 days for an extreme winter event. The model studies showed that the zone of impact of the stormwater from the river was limited to a few hundred meters from the river mouth. Finally, the modeling framework developed for the north shore was successfully applied to the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain to simulate fate and transport of fecal coliforms discharged through the urban stormwater outfalls.
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Boegman, Leon. "Application of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model to Lake Erie." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ46066.pdf.
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Ischen, Marc. "Using Two-Dimensional Numerical Models to Analyze Hydraulic Effects of Constricted Flows through the Rigolets Pass between Lake Pontchartrain and Lake Borgne." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/922.
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The objective of this study was to determine if numerical models commonly used for large scale applications could also be used to model flow through flood control structures in the Rigolets Pass between Lake Borgne and Lake Pontchartrain. For this purpose a small scale physical model was built. It showed that bi-stable flow can develop downstream of a constriction. Small changes in the distribution of the approaching flow significantly impacted flows downstream of the constriction. This behavior could not be properly reproduced by a small scale 2-dimensional RMA2 model of identical dimensions. A large scale RMA2 model of the Rigolets testing possible locations and geometries of flood control structures showed that this pass is very sensitive to variations in the cross sectional flow area. Even minor reductions can significantly increase headlosses and velocities. To reduce negative impacts a flood control structure should be built in a wide and shallow area of the pass.
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Dusini, Douglas S. "The effect of Lake Erie water level variation on sediment resuspension." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1112041317.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Document formatted into pages; contains x, 80 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-80). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Hornung, Ralf. "Numerical modelling of stratification in Lake Constance with the 1-D hydrodynamic model DYRESM." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10361133.
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Roskosch, Andrea. "The influence of macrozoobenthos in lake sediments on hydrodynamic transport processes and biogeochemical impacts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16423.
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Ziel dieser Dissertation ist, Wissensdefizite im Bereich der Bioirrigation von Süßwassersedimenten abzubauen. Als Untersuchungsorganismus wurde Chironomus plumosus ausgewählt weil diese weit verbreitete Larve ihre U-förmigen Röhren mit Überstandswasser durchspült und so Nahrung aus dem Wasser filtriert. Um Bioirrigation in Wohnröhren mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 1,7 mm zu untersuchen, wurden geeignete Messmethoden entwickelt, mit denen für das 4. Larvenstadium die Parameter Fließgeschwindigkeit (14,9 mm/s), Pumpzeit (33 min/h) und Pumprate (61 ml/h) gemessen wurden. Bei einer Populationsdichte von 745 Larven/m2 kann somit ein Wasservolumen äquivalent zum Volumen des Müggelsee in Berlin, innerhalb von 5 Tagen durch das Sediment gepumpt werden. Die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie wurde für die Sedimentanalytik adaptiert und der Transport im Porenwasser analysiert. Mit den Untersuchungen wure gezeigt, dass auch in schlammigen Seesedimenten ein advektiver Transport durch Bioirrigation verursacht wird, der nicht zu vernachlässigen ist. Steigende Temperaturen resultieren aufgrund steigender Fließgeschwindigkeit in einen signifikanten Anstieg der Pumprate sowie der Eintragsrate von Überstandswasser ins Sediment. Ein abfallender Sauerstoffgehalt verlängert die Pumpzeit und führt zu einer sinkenden Fließgeschwindigkeit. Außerdem wird aus den Untersuchungen eine jahreszeitliche Variabilität der Bioirrigation sichtbar, welche unabhängig von konstanten Laborbedingungen auftritt. Mit dem Wasserstrom werden Porenwasserspezies wie SRP in den Wasserkörper abtransportiert, wohingegen SO42- und O2 aus dem Überstandswasser in das Sediment eingetragen werden. Ferner kommt es zur Oxidation von Fe2+ infolgedessen Phosphat im Sediment festgelegt wird, wie mittels P-Fraktionierung gezeigt werden konnte. Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen zeigten, dass Bioirrigation die mikrobielle Abundanz steigert, die Bakteriengemeinschaft verändert und das Potential zur enzymatischen Hydrolyse erhöht.The aim of this thesis is to fill gaps of knowledge regarding bioirrigation in freshwater sediments. Chironomus plumosus was chosen for the investigations since the filter-feeding larva dwelling in U-shaped burrows is quite common and flushes its burrow with water from the overlying water body. To investigate bioirrigation activity in burrows of approximately 1.7 mm in diameter appropriate measurement techniques were developed. With the methods several parameters were measured for 4th stage of larvae: flow velocity (14.9 mm s-1), pumping time (33 min h-1), and pumping rate (61 ml h-1). Consequently, a water volume equivalent to the volume of Lake Müggelsee in Berlin is pumped through the sediment every 5 days by a population density of 745 larvae m-2. The nuclear medicine imaging technique Positron Emissions Tomography was adapted and used to analyze the transport in the sediment pore water. By means of the experiments, it could be shown that even in muddy lake sediments advection is a relevant transport process and should not be neglected. Rising temperatures result in increased pumping rates and increased influx rates of surface water into the sediment due to increased flow velocities in the burrows. Dropping oxygen concentrations prolong the pumping duration while the flow velocity decreases. Furthermore, experiments show a seasonal variability of bioirrigation which is independent of constant laboratory conditions. Pore water species such as SRP are transported with the water flow into the overlying water body, whereas SO42- and O2 are transported from the overlying water into the sediment. Due to the oxidation of Fe2+, phosphorus is fixed into the sediment, a result confirmed by P-fractionation. Microbiological investigations of the burrow walls demonstrated that the bioirrigation activity enhances the microbial abundance, changes the community structure, and increases the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Cedillo, Paula. "Hydrodynamic modeling of the Green Bay of Lake Michigan using the environmental fluid dynamics code." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606696.
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In this project we created a hydrodynamic model of the Lower Green Bay of Lake Michigan in Wisconsin, United States using the Visual Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC). The model includes four tributary rivers to Lower Green Bay as well as the open boundary flow conditions at Chambers Island. This case study is used to: 1) compare the results obtained with a previous study of Lower Green Bay to validate the creation of the model 2) examine the hydrodynamics of the bay, and 3) create a framework for future studies at Lower Green Bay. The Geographic Information used to build the Grid was obtained from the NOAA web site. Meteorological and flow information was obtained from the National Weather Service and USGS web sites, respectively. It was necessary to create a new model grid as a platform for future studies of Lower Green Bay, and the Visual EFDC 1.2 code was a useful tool in the development of the grid. However, some limitations in the code made the creation of the grid a challenge. In this project, we summarize the process used to overcome challenges in creating a correct grid, and analyze the hydrodynamic results of the model simulation for the period between June and October 2011. Overall, we conclude that the model reproduces field data reasonably well, and a correct modeling framework for hydrodynamic modeling of Lower Green Bay was created.
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Khadka, Pravakar. "Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modeling to Analyze Salinity Interaction of Coastal Marshland with a Lake: A Case Study of Mentor Marsh near Lake Erie, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1596468029655531.
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Seker-Elci, Sebnem. "Modeling of Hydrodynamic Circulation and Cohesive Sediment Transport and Prediction of Shoreline Erosion in Hartwell Lake, SC/GA." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5081.
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This dissertation addresses hydrodynamics, sediment transport and shoreline erosion within the main pool of Hartwell Lake, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers reservoir built on the Savannah River, between Anderson, South Carolina, and Hartwell, Georgia, USA. A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund site is located on a tributary of Hartwell Lake because of high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the lake sediments. PCBs are hydrophobic and typically bond to fine-grained sediments, such as silts and clays. The primary goal of the study was to document, through field measurements, and model, using a 3-D numerical model of flow and sediment transport, the fate of sediments within the main pool of Hartwell Lake.
To document forty years of sedimentation within the reservoir, bathymetric survey data were collected in Hartwell Lake during the period, February 10-14, 2003. The bathymetric surveys revealed that deposition was, in places, up to two meters thickness in forty years. During the field campaign, flow velocity measurements were made primarily to provide a check on the magnitude of the velocities predicted by the numerical model used in the study. Shoreline surveys provided data for the modeling procedure for shoreline change. This in turn facilitated specification of the sediment flux into the domain via shoreline erosion.
Hartwell Lake is located near the southern terminus of the Appalachian mountain chain in the Piedmont region. Sediments contain high fractions of silt and clay. Hartwell Lake has a shoreline length of 1548 km, and erosion of lake shorelines has been a significant problem for many homeowners. As of September 2002, there were 1123 permitted riprap installations, and 393 permitted retaining walls, for a total of 1516 erosion control structures along the lakeshores (source: USACE Hartwell Office), an indication of the magnitude of the erosion problem.
To quantify the erosion rate of the shorelines, an approach that relates erosion rates to wind wave forces was developed. A simplified representation of the shape of beach profiles is employed. Historical shoreline change rates were quantified by comparing available digital aerial photos taken in different years, and the erosion prediction model was calibrated using these computed erosion rates.
Sediments derived from shoreline erosion were introduced to the model as an additional source along the model boundary, and the fate of the eroding sediments was investigated via numerical modeling.
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Ekman, Frida. "Hydrodynamic modelling of fate and transport of natural organic matter and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Lake Ekoln." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433803.
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Societies are facing great challenges with obtaining a good quality and quantity of drinking water in the context of climate change. Increases in natural organic matter (NOM) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been observed in lakes and drinking water the past years, which is of great concern for water treatment plants in Sweden. It is therefore vital to increase the knowledge regarding the distribution of these substances in the environment. The main objective of this project was therefore to further develop a hydrodynamic model for lake Ekoln by including transportation and degradation of NOM. This was to be done by calibrating the model in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) and Water colour (Colour). A second objective was to investigate the requirements to successfully model PFAS in Ekoln for future studies. The study was done using the model MIKE 3 FM, developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) The two variables TOC and Colour, were calibrated separately for the period of February 2017 to September 2018. For TOC the within-lake processes were decay and sedimentation. These were described using a reference decay constant for 20 °C (k0), that was scaled using the Arrhenius temperature coefficient (θ), and sedimentation was represented by a settling velocity (vsm). For Colour the included process was photooxidation. This process was described using a maximum photooxidation rate (kphoto) that was scaled using the Monod relation including parameters for minimum photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) necessary for photooxidation to occur (Imin) and a PAR half saturation constant (I1/2). The calibration of TOC resulted in the following best fit parameters for k0 of 0.001 d-1, θ of 1.07 and vsm of 0.001 md-1. The calibration of Colour resulted in the following best fit parameters for kphoto of 0.0125 d-1, Imin of 0 µmol photons m-2s-1 and I1/2 of 4 µmol photons m-2s-1. Overall it can be concluded that the chosen processes managed to capture the seasonal variations of TOC and Colour, and the calibrated parameter values are in line with similar studies. The assumption of not including autochthonous input proved to be the biggest source of error in the calibration of TOC but proved to have a minor influence on the calibration of Colour. To achieve a more realistic representation of photooxidation in the vertical profile, for the simulation of Colour, more processes should be considered to be added in the model in future studies. The results presented in this study contributes with increased knowledge of carbon budgets in lakes and can be used to predict water quality hazards connected to climate change and extreme events. The limited access to PFAS data for Ekoln, constrained the study of PFAS and only two sources could therefore be studied: The sewage treatment plant Kungsängsverket and precipitation. The results showed that the simulated concentrations of PFAS in Ekoln only accounted for 40 % of the observed concentrations. It could further be concluded that the contribution from precipitation is negligible. For future studies it is judged to be vital to include Fyrisån as a PFAS source, and to look into processes that influence PFAS distribution, such as sedimentation and adsorption to organic matter.Samhällen står idag inför stora utmaningar vad gäller att tillhandahålla god kvalitet och kvantitet av dricksvatten under rådande klimatförändringar. De senaste åren har det observerats ökande halter av naturligt organiskt material (NOM) och per- och polyfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) i sjöar och dricksvatten, vilket är bekymmersamt för Sveriges vattenreningsverk. Det är därför av största vikt att öka kunskapen om dessa ämnens distribution i miljön. Huvudsyftet med denna studie var därför att vidareutveckla en hydrodynamisk modell för sjön Ekoln så att den även inkluderar transporten och nedbrytningen av NOM. Detta utfördes genom att kalibrera modellen för totalt organisk kol (TOC) och Vattenfärg (Färg). Ett andra syfte var att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som krävs för att kunna modellera PFAS på ett korrekt sätt i Ekoln. Studien utfördes i modellverktyget MIKE 3 FM, utvecklat av DHI. De två variablerna TOC och Färg kalibrerades separat för perioden februari 2017 – september 2018. Processerna som valdes att påverka TOC var nedbrytning och sedimentation. Dessa processer beskrevs med hjälp av en referens-nedbrytningskonstant för 20 °C (k0), vilken anpassades med hjälp av Arrhenius temperaturkoefficient (θ) och sedimentation beskrevs med hjälp av en sedimentationshastighet (vsm). Färg påverkades endast av processen fotooxidation vilken beskrevs med en maximal hastighet för fotooxidation (kphoto) som anpassades med hjälp av Monods relation. Anpassningen skedde med hjälp av parametern för minimal fotosyntetiskt aktivt ljus (PAR) för att fotooxidation ska ske (Imin) samt en PAR halv mättnads konstant (I1/2) . Kalibreringen resulterade i värden för k0 av 0.001 d-1, θ av 1.07 och vsm av 0.001 md-1. Kalibreringen för Färg resulterade i värden för kphoto av 0.0125 d-1, Imin av 0 µmol fotoner m-2s-1 och I1/2 av 4 µmol fotoner m-2s-1. Det kan konstateras att de valda processerna lyckas med att beskriva säsongsvariationerna av både TOC och Färg och att de kalibrerade parametervärdena stämmer överens med litteraturen. Antagandet om att inte inkludera autoktont tillförsel av organiskt material (NOM från ytvatten), visade sig vara den största felkällan i simulering av TOC, men visade sig ha en mycket liten påverkan på simuleringen av Färg. För en mer realistisk bild av fotooxidations spridning i djupled, för simuleringen av Färg, bör fler processer övervägas att inkluderas i modellen för framtida studier. Studien av PFAS var begränsad av tillgången till data, vilket medförde att endast två källor av PFAS till Ekoln analyserades: reningsverket Kungsängsverket och nederbörd. Resultaten visade att den simulerade koncentrationen av PFAS endast motsvarade 40 % av den observerade. Vidare kunde det konstateras att tillförsel av PFAS från regn kan antas vara försumbar. För framtida studier av PFAS i Ekoln bedöms det vara avgörande att inkludera Fyrisån som en källa, samt att vidare undersöka processer som påverkar transporten av PFAS så som sedimentation och adsorption till organiskt material.
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McKillip, Michael Lee. "Coupling the Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model CE-QUAL-W2 With a Multi-Trophic Fish Bio-Energetics Model for Lake Roosevelt, Washington." PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3078.
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Grand Coulee Dam created Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake as part of the Columbia Basin Project. Located in northeastern Washington State, the Project provides economically important hydropower (19 billion kilowatt hours per year), irrigation (225,000 ha), flood control, and sport fishing ($5 to 20 million annually). A good system understanding aids in balancing these beneficial uses for the 230 km long reservoir. The reservoir's atypical 45-day mean residence time is much shorter than a typical lake, and much longer than for a riverine dam. The spring freshet requires drawdowns of 15 to 20 m for flood control—the driving characteristic of reservoir operations.
A physically based two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 Version 3.5 (Cole and Wells, 2006), is coupled with a fish bioenergetics model based on the Stockwell and Johnson model (1997, 1999) to examine the effects of hydrodynamics on the reservoir algae-zooplankton-kokanee food web. This model was applied and calibrated to Lake Roosevelt with model improvements of multiple zooplankton compartments and zooplankton omnivory. Calibration parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, algae, and zooplankton. The fish bioenergetics model is applied over the entire reservoir model space to generate a spatial and temporal fish growth potential distribution. The fish model refinements include sub-daily time-steps and an optimized vertical foraging strategy.
The linked model suggests that kokanee fish growth potential is seasonally limited by both warm water and prey densities. While the lake ecology is significantly affected by the reservoir operations in general, the pelagic fish growth potential did not appear sensitive to minor changes in reservoir operations. However, the model suggests that the advantageous foraging locations shift seasonally and that optimal foraging strategies are dependent on fish size.
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Fadel, Ali. "Physico-chemical functioning and development of phytoplankton in Karaoun reservoir (Lebanon) : application of a hydrodynamic-ecological model." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1064/document.
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Quarante pour cent des réservoirs du monde souffrent d'eutrophisation. Ce problème mondial augmente la biomasse de phytoplancton dans les réservoirs et perturbé leurs utilisations. Comprendre les mécanismes et les processus qui contrôlent la prolifération de cyanobactéries sont de grande préoccupation. Les modèles d'écosystèmes nous permettent de simuler, d'analyser et de comprendre les processus écologiques dans les lacs et les réservoirs. La communauté de phytoplancton et de l'application du modèle écologique sont mal documentées dans le Moyen-Orient. Karaoun réservoir, le plus grand plan d'eau au Liban, a été construit pour l'irrigation et la production hydroélectrique. Il ya un grand intérêt dans la qualité de ce réservoir d'eau car il sera utilisé pour alimenter la capitale Beyrouth avec de l'eau potable. Les objectifs de la thèse sont de concevoir et mettre en œuvre des campagnes de terrain pour suivre et comprendre la dynamique du phytoplancton et des cyanobactéries dans le lac de barrage de Karaoun, de modéliser le fonctionnement physique et biogéochimique de cette retenue. Des campagnes d'échantillonnage ont été effectuées deux fois par mois entre mai 2012 et Août 2013 pour évaluer l'état trophique et la diversité biologique et la dynamique de la communauté de phytoplancton en réponse aux changements des conditions environnementales. Ces mesures de campagne ont été ensuite utilisées pour calibrer et valider un modèle hydrodynamique-écologique unidimensionnel sur Karaoun réservoir. Nos résultats ont montré que : la retenue de Karaoun, fortement stratifiée thermiquement entre mai et août, est eutrophe, et présente une faible biodiversité. Seulement 30 espèces de phytoplancton ont été recensées en 2012-2013. La stratification thermique qui apparaît au printemps réduit la croissance des diatomées et entraîne leur remplacement par des chlorophycées. Les cyanobactéries dominent en été : Aphanizomenon ovalisporum lorsque la température de surface de l'eau est inférieure à 25 °C, Microcystis aeruginosa lorsqu'elle est supérieure à 25°C. Le dinoflagellé Ceratium hirundinella constitue l'espèce dominante en fin d'automne lorsque la colonne d'eau est mélangée, l'intensité lumineuse est faible et la température de l'eau d'environ 19 °C. Contrairement aux températures de surface élevées, supérieures à 26 °C, auxquelles prolifère A. ovalisporum dans les autres lacs, une prolifération d'A. ovalisporum survient en octobre 2012 dans la retenue de Karaoun, à une température de l'eau de 22 °C et alors que la stratification thermique est faible. La cylindrospermopsine (CYN), une cyanotoxines, a été détectée dans la retenue de Karaoun, même en l'absence d'A. ovalisporum, seule espèce qui la produit identifiée dans la retenue. La CYN atteint une concentration de 1,7 µg/L, supérieure à la valeur guide pour l'eau potable de 1 µg/L (Organisation Mondiale de la Santé). Une configuration simple de Dyresm-Caedym a permis de simuler avec succès la croissance et la succession des cyanobactéries A. ovalisporum et M. aeruginosa. Le modèle réalise de bonnes performances pour la simulation du niveau de l'eau du réservoir (RMSE <1 m pour une variation annuelle de 25 m), des profils de température de la colonne d'eau (RMSE <1 °C pour des variations annuelles comprises entre 13 et 28 °C) et de la biomasse des cyanobactéries (RMSE <48 µg/L équivalent chlorophylle-a, concentration entre 0 et 206 µg/L). A l'échelle locale, cette thèse est importante pour les autorités de gestion des eaux libanaises qui visent à utiliser ce réservoir pour production d'eau potable. Il a également permis de mieux comprendre les processus et les mécanismes qui contrôlent la prolifération de cyanobactéries. L'application de configurations de modèles simples avec procédés principaux pourrait être transposée sur d'autres réservoirs eutrophiesAbstractMany reservoirs throughout the world suffer from eutrophication. This worldwide problem increases phytoplankton biomass in reservoirs and impairs their uses. Understanding the mechanisms and processes that control cyanobacterial blooms are of great concern. Ecosystem models enable us to simulate, analyze and understand ecological processes in lakes and reservoirs. Except for Lake Kinneret, the phytoplankton community and ecological model application are poorly documented in the Middle East. Karaoun Reservoir, the largest water body in Lebanon, was built for irrigation and hydropower production. There is a great interest in the water quality of this reservoir as it will be used to supply the capital Beirut with drinking water. The objectives of this thesis are to: 1) design and implement a physico-chemical and reinforced biological monitoring in Karaoun reservoir, 2) understand the physico-chemical determinants of cyanobacterial blooms in Karaoun reservoir, and 3) calibrate a deterministic model that can be used to predict cyanobacteria biomass. Sampling campaigns were conducted semi-monthly between May 2012 and August 2013 to assess the trophic state and the biodiversity and dynamics of its phytoplankton community in response to changes in environmental conditions. These campaign measurements were then used to calibrate (summer and autumn 2012) and validate (spring and summer 2013) a one dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological model on Karaoun Reservoir. Our results show that : Karaoun Reservoir strongly stratifies between May and August was found eutrophic with low biodiversity, only 30 phytoplankton species in 2012-2013 study period. Thermal stratification established in spring reduced the growth of diatoms and resulted in their replacement by mobile green algae species during high nutrients availability and water temperatures lower than 22 °C. Water temperature higher than 25 °C favours cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa that displaces Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in summer. Dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella dominated in mixed conditions, at low light intensity in late autumn at 19 °C. Unlike the high temperatures, above 26 °C, which is associated with blooms of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in Lakes Kinneret (Israel), Lisimachia and Trichonis (Greece) and Arcos Reservoir (Spain), Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in Karaoun Reservoir bloomed in October 2012 when water temperature was 22°C and the reservoir was weakly stratified. The field growth conditions of Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in this study revealed that it can bloom at subsurface water temperature 22 °C increasing the risk of its development and expansion in European lakes. Cylindrospermopsin, a fatal toxin, was detected in almost all samples even when Aphanizomenon ovalisporum was not detected. It reached a concentration of 1.7 µg/L, higher than the drinking water guideline value of 1 µg/L of the World Health Organization. The toxin vertical profiles suggest its possible degradation or sedimentation resulting in its disappearance from water column. A simple configuration of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological model Dyresm-Caedym successfully simulated the growth and succession of the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and Microcystis aeruginosa. The model showed a good performance in simulating the water level (RMSE < 1 m, annual variation of 25 m), water temperature profiles (RMSE < 1.1 °C, range 13-28 °C) and cyanobacteria biomass (RMSE < 57 µg L-1 equivalent chlorophyll a, range 0-206 µg L-1).On the local scale, this thesis provides important background data for the Lebanese water management authorities who aim to use this reservoir for drinking water production. It also increases the understanding of processes and mechanisms that control cyanobacterial blooms. The application of simple model configurations with few major processes can be transposed on other eutrophic lakes and reservoirs
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Stojanovic, Severin. "Numerical Reaction-transport Model of Lake Dynamics and Their Eutrophication Processes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20231.
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A 1D numerical reaction-transport model (RTM) that is a coupled system of partial differential equations is created to simulate prominent physical and biogeochemical processes and interactions in limnological environments. The prognostic variables considered are temperature, horizontal velocity, salinity, and turbulent kinetic energy of the water column, and the concentrations of phytoplankton, zooplankton, detritus, phosphate (H3PO4), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), ferrous iron (Fe2+), iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3(s)), and oxygen (O2) suspended within the water column. Turbulence is modelled using the k-e closure scheme as implemented by Gaspar et al. (1990) for oceanic environments. The RTM is used to demonstrate how it is possible to investigate limnological trophic states by considering the problem of eutrophication as an example. A phenomenological investigation of processes leading to and sustaining eutrophication is carried out. A new indexing system that identifies different trophic states, the so-called Self-Consistent Trophic State Index (SCTSI), is proposed. This index does not rely on empirical measurements that are then compared to existing tables for classifying limnological environments into particular trophic states, for example, the concentrations of certain species at certain depths to indicate the trophic state, as is commonly done in the literature. Rather, the index is calculated using dynamic properties of only the limnological environment being considered and examines how those properties affect the sustainability of the ecosystem. Specifically, the index is calculated from a ratio of light attenuation by the ecosystem’s primary biomass to that of total light attenuation by all particulate species and molecular scattering throughout the entire water column. The index is used to probe various simulated scenarios that are believed to be relevant to eutrophication: nutrient loading, nutrient limitation, overabundance of phytoplankton, solar-induced turbulence, and wind-induced turbulence.
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Dibling, David R. "Development And Validation Of A High-Resolution, Nearshore Model For Lake Erie." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354052794.
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Williams, Nicholas Trevor. "Modeling Dissolved Oxygen in Lake Powell using CE-QUAL-W2." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/849.
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Water quality models in the Colorado River Basin have been developed for the basin, river, and individual reservoirs. They are used to support water quality programs within the basin. The models are periodically reviewed and updated to improve the accuracy of simulations. Improving the usefulness of the Lake Powell model, one of the key reservoirs in the basin, is the subject of this study. Lake Powell is simulated using a hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2. Previously the model has been used at Lake Powell to simulate hydrodynamics, temperature, and total dissolved solids with a reasonable degree of accuracy. An additional parameter, dissolved oxygen, will be added to the simulations and then calibrated with observed data to verify accuracy. Dissolved oxygen distributions in Lake Powell vary seasonally and change under different hydrologic cycles. They are a function of physical, biological, and chemical processes. Few measurements of these processes in Lake Powell exist. To compensate for the lack of data an empirical method of loading oxygen demand to the model is developed and tested. Observed limnological processes in the reservoir guide the development of the empirical methods. The methods are then tested in 16 year model simulations and compared with dissolved oxygen measurements from the 16 year period. By accurately reproducing the dissolved oxygen distributions the Lake Powell model will have improved accuracy and also broaden its usefulness.
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Roskosch, Andrea [Verfasser], Gunnar [Akademischer Betreuer] Nützmann, Dagmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Haase, and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Hass. "The influence of macrozoobenthos in lake sediments on hydrodynamic transport processes and biogeochemical impacts / Andrea Roskosch. Gutachter: Gunnar Nützmann ; Dagmar Haase ; Volker Hass." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018232508/34.
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Gale, Emma Jane. "The hydrodynamics of intermittently closing and opening lakes and lagoons." University of Western Australia. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0025.
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[Truncated abstract] Coastal lagoons play an important role in the transport of materials between the coastal zone and the ocean. Understanding the dynamics associated with the movement of waters between and within these systems is therefore significant in defining the ecological health of the system. An important sub category of lagoons is Intermittently Closing and Opening Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs). These systems lack any significant river inflow; have a restricted sill type inlet and experience intermittent exchange with the ocean, making them susceptible to the retention of nutrients and pollutants from the catchment. The duration and frequency of an opening event may vary from weeks to months between each ICOLL, and inter and intra annually, respectively, and during an opening event, there are appreciable fluctuations in water level (1-3m range) accompanied by large changes in salinity (7 30ppt) within a short timeframe (hours). . . Regardless of the processes complete oceanic flushing was still predicted for each system, by the end of their respective opening events. The modelling work successfully reproduced the spring tidal setup in water level and exchange, using real bathymetry and meteorological forcing and defined the spring tidal set-up as the key predictable process in the exchange of water and salt between the larger ICOLL and the ocean. It was also shown that strong winds had the capacity to influence the magnitude of the exchange. The overall outcomes of this research therefore include the identification of key physical processes associated with the variability of the hydrodynamics within and between ICOLLs, which will aid in the future management of these highly dynamic systems.
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PAUL, MALEMBEKA FREDERICK. "FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THERMAL CONVECTION UNDER THE CONDITION OF COOLING PERIOD IN THE NORTHERN PART OF LAKE BIWA." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151956.
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Schimmelpfennig, Sebastian. "Lake Tegel: hydrodynamics, pharmaceutical micro-pollutants and management strategies." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17392.
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Ziele dieser Dissertation sind die Aufklärung der Strömungsverhältnisse und Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von Arzneimittelrückständen im Tegeler See, die Entwicklung eines Simulationsmodells für Szenarioberechnungen sowie die Ableitung neuer Bewirtschaftungskonzepte unter Zuhilfenahme der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und Modellergebnisse. Das zweidimensionale Strömungsmodell 2D-POM kann die Mischungsverhältnisse der beiden Zuflüsse zum Tegeler See, insbesondere den Einstrom der Oberhavel, ausreichend genau abbilden. Der Oberhaveleinstrom ist sowohl windinduziert als auch vom Abfluss der Oberhavel abhängig. Der Wind wirkt je nach Windrichtung verstärkend oder abschwächend auf den Oberhaveleinstrom. Der Tegeler See weist im Vergleich zu anderen Oberflächengewässern, die als Trinkwasserressource dienen, die höchsten bisher berichteten Gehalte an Arzneimittelrückständen auf. Die räumliche Verteilung von Carbamazepin (CBZ) und Sulfamethoxazol (SMX) wird hauptsächlich durch die Verdünnung mit Oberhavelwasser bestimmt. Nur ein geringer Teil des CBZ (40%) wird im Tegeler See eliminiert. Für SMX konnte keine Elimination festgestellt werden. Im Gegensatz dazu wird Diclofenac (DCF) im Oberflächenwasser photolytisch abgebaut (50% in den Wintermonaten, mehr als 95% im Sommer). Die Konzentrationen von DCF im Tegeler See zeigen deshalb eine hohe saisonale Variabilität. Durch Simulation von sieben Bewirtschaftungsszenarien wurde untersucht, ob mithilfe der existierenden Seeleitung und Phosphateliminierungsanlage die Konzentrationen der Arzneimittelrückstände im Tegeler See verringert werden können, ohne die erfolgreiche Seerestaurierung zu gefährden. In keinem Szenario konnten die Gehalte an Arzneimittelrückständen und Phosphor gleichzeitig auf einem akzeptablen Niveau gehalten werden. Aus diesem Grund sind ergänzende Maßnahmen notwendig, z.B. eine zusätzliche Spurenstoffentfernung im Zulauf des Sees oder eine weitere Phosphorreduzierung in der Oberhavel.This cumulative thesis aims at (i) understanding the hydrodynamic characteristics of Lake Tegel, (ii) examining the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical micro-pollutants in the lake, (iii) developing a modeling tool for scenario prediction, and (iv) utilizing the above findings and applying the above modeling tool to create new management strategies for Lake Tegel. The free-surface two-dimensional circulation model 2D-POM serves as an adequate tool for representing the intrusion of River Havel and the mixing intensity of both inflows, as validated by measured data. The calculations indicated that the intrusion of River Havel into Lake Tegel fluctuates with river discharge and wind, both of which can amplify or neutralize the other. Compared to other surface waters also used as drinking water resources, Lake Tegel seams to feature the highest ever reported pharmaceutical concentrations worldwide. The spatial distribution of carbamazepine (CBZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in the lake was shown to be primarily affected by dilution with water from River Havel rather than by degradation within the lake. By contrast, concentrations of diclofenac (DCL) are affected by both dilution and photodegradation. DCF showed the strongest elimination of all three pharmaceuticals and revealed significant seasonality with 50% elimination in winter and more than 95% in summer. Elimination of CBZ was 40%, while SMX did not degrade at determinable rates. Seven different management scenarios were tested to answer the question of whether the existing lake pipeline could be used to reduce the amount of pharmaceuticals in Lake Tegel without deteriorating the current phosphorus level. No scenario provided a strategy optimal for both pharmaceuticals and phosphorus. Consequently, additional efforts need to be made, such as supplementary pharmaceutical treatment of the inflow originating from the wastewater treatment plant, or phosphorus reduction in the River Havel catchment.
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Simoncelli, Stefano. "Hydrodynamics of migrating zooplankton in lakes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761048.
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Zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM) plays a pivotal role in controlling trophic interactions and nutrient transport in lakes and oceans. Understanding behaviours and responses of diel migrators is therefore essential to knowledge of physical processes and ecosystem functioning. This thesis investigated zooplankton hydrodynamics during the DVM in freshwater bodies through two different research topics. The first research explored the potential of swimming zooplankton hydrodynamics in affecting lake turbulent and biological processes. Past research suggests that zooplankton may be able to inject turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the water column when organisms swim. This process, referred to as biomixing, may increase vertical mixing in lakes. Since no field studies exist about biomixing by small zooplankton, turbulence and mixing were sampled in a lake during the dusk DVM of Daphnia. Results indicate that swimming Daphnia did not intensify dissipation rates of TKE and vertical fluxes. This suggests that small zooplankton cannot affect lake mixing even when organisms collectively swim. The second research examined how changes in ecosystem conditions affect zooplankton displacement velocity (DV) during the DVM of Daphnia. Currently, it is not known which environmental factors are key in driving this velocity. DV was measured in the field during the sunset migration (upwards DV) and sunrise migration (downwards DV) along with temperature, relative change in light intensity, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton concentration, as possible velocity drivers. Results show that upwards velocities were strongly correlated with the water temperature in the migrating layer, suggesting that temperature can control swimming activity, metabolic rates and escape reactions from predators. Downwards velocities were instead constant. Modelling this velocity as a sinking rate indicates that buoyancy and gravity are the governing parameters. The model also suggests that zooplankton favour passive sinking over active swimming to preserve energy and generate hydrodynamic disturbances not detectable by predators.
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Shimizu, Kenji. "Application of modal analysis to strongly stratified lakes." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0079.
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Modal analysis for strongly stratified lakes was extended to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of the basin-scale motions. By viewing the basin-scale motions as a superposition of modes, that have distinct periods and three-dimensional structures, the method provides a conceptual understanding for the excitation, evolution, and damping of the basin-scale motions. Once the motion has been decomposed into modes, their evolution and energetics may be extracted from hydrodynamic simulation results and field data. The method was applied to Lake Biwa, Japan, and Lake Kinneret, Israel, and used for a theoretical study. The real lake applications showed that winds excited basin-scale motions that had a surface layer velocity structure similar to the wind stress pattern. Three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of Lake Biwa indicated that most of the energy input from winds was partitioned into the internal waves that decayed within a few days. The gyres, on the other hand, received much less energy but dominated the dynamics during calm periods due to their slow damping. Analyses of field data from Lake Kinneret suggested that the internal waves, excited by the strong winds every afternoon, were damped over a few days primarily due to bottom friction. Theoretical investigations of damping mechanisms of internal waves revealed that bottom friction induced a velocity anomaly at the top of the boundary layer that drained energy from the nearly inviscid interior by a combination of internal wave cancelling and spin-down. These results indicate that gyres induce long-term horizontal transport near the surface and internal waves transfer energy from winds to near-bottom mixing. Modal structure of dominant basin-scale internal waves can induce large heterogeneity of nearbottom mass transfer processes. The method presented here provides a tool to determine how basin-scale motions impact on biogeochemical processes in stratified lakes.
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Huber, Anita. "Internal mixing in a mine lake." University of Western Australia. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0103.
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[Truncated abstract] Mine lakes are a water body created after an open-cut mine ceases operating. The lakes develop in the former mine-pit due to the combination of groundwater inflow, surface run-off and, in some cases, due to rapid filling from river diversion. While potentially valuable water resources, these lakes often have poor water quality and managing the water body is an important part of the overall process of mine site rehabilitation. As mine lakes form in man-made pits, they have a bathymetry that is typically quite distinct from natural lakes and this can, in turn, strongly influence the hydrodynamics and hence the water quality of the water body. Despite the potential importance of these water bodies, there have been very few studies on the hydrodynamics of mine lakes. This study describes a field investigation of the hydrodynamics of a former coal mine lake, Lake Kepwari, in south-western Western Australia. In particular, this study examines the hydrodynamic processes in both the surface mixing layers and the internal mixing in the density stratified lake. Wind sheltering in the surface mixing layer occurs due to the presence of the steep walls and lake embankments. A week long field experiment was conducted in December 2003 using a combination of moored thermistor chains with meteorological stations and the deployment of rapid vertical profiling turbulent microstructure instruments and CTD drops from two boats operating on the lake. ... Simulations indicated that inclusion of a site specific sheltering effect, based on the results of the field campaign, significantly improved the models‘ performance in capturing the surface mixed layer deepening associated with episodic strong wind events that occur on the lake. Considerable internal mixing was indicated by the high dissipation rates observed, particularly near the boundaries. Large basin-wide diffusivities were also calculated from the heat budget method over long periods, showed a consistency with time, and were slightly higher in summer than during the Autumn Winter period. Although light, there are persistent winds over the lake and yet little basin-scale internal wave activity or seiching. It is hypothesized that any seiching motion was rapidly damped by strong mixing over the hydraulically rough bathymetry bathymetry created by the remnant benches from the open cut mining operation itself. This boundary mixing, in turn, drives secondary relaxation currents that transport mixed fluid from the boundaries to the interior, resulting in high effective basin-wide diffusivities. A simple boundary mixing model is proposed to describe this process.
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Cooley, Paul M. "Mapping the nearshore substrates and hydrodynamics in lakes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23264.pdf.
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Matos, Maria de F?tima Alves de. "Caracteriza??o de processos morfodin?micos e hidrodin?micos do cintur?o lacustre meridional da Reserva Biol?gica do Lago Pirituba, Amap?" Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18789.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-02Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The Amap? State has an important natural lake system, known as The Amap? Lakes Region . Most of these lakes are on the southern part of Amap? s coastal plain, which has 300 km of extension and it s composed by holocenic sediments deposited at the northern part of Amazon River to the Orange Cape located on the northern part of Amap? state. This region is under influence of the Amazon River discharge which is the largest liquid discharge of about 209.000 m?/s and biggest sediment budget discharged on the ocean in the order 6.108 ton per day. The climate is influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone and El Ni?o Southern Oscillation which act mainly under precipitation, nebulosity, local rivers and tidal hidrology. In this region lake belts are Ocidental, Oriental and Meridional Lake Belts. The last one is formed by the by the lakes Comprido de Cima, Botos, Bacia, Lod?o, Ventos, Mutuco and Comprido de Baixo. These lakes are the closest to the Araguari River and are characterized by pelitic sedimentation associated with fluvial and estuarine flood plains under influence of tides. The lakes are interconnected, suffer influence of flood pulses from the Tartarugal, Tartarugalzinho and Araguari rivers and the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic know edge is poor. Volume and area reduction, natural eutrophication, anthophic influence, hidrodynamic alterations, morphological changes and are factors which can contribute to the closing of such lakes on the Meridional Lake Belt. This belt is inside the boundaries of the Biological Reserve of Piratuba Lake, created in 1980 for integral protection. Due to the fragility of the environment together with the poor knowledge of the system and with the study area relevancy it is necessary to know the hydrodynamic and geoenvironmental processes. This work aims the characterization of morphodynamic and hydrodynamic processes in order to understand the geoambiental context of the Meridional Lake Belt, from the Comprido de Baixo Lake to the dos Ventos Lake, including the Tabaco Igarape. Methodology was based on the hydrodynamic data acquisition: liquid discharge (acoustic method), tides, bathymetry and the interpretation of multitemporal remote sensing images, integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS). By this method charts of the medium liquid discharges of Lake Mutuco and Tabacco Igarape the maximum velocity of flow were estimated in: 1.1 m/s, 1.6 m/s and 1.6 m/s (rainy season) and 0.6 m/s, 0.6 m/s and 0.7 m/s (dry period), the maximum flow in: 289 m?/s, 297 m?/s and 379 m?/s (rainy season) and 41 m?/s , 79 m?/s and 105 m?/s (dry period), respectively. From the interpretation of multitemporal satellite images, maps were developed together with the analysis of the lakes and Tobaco Igarape evolution from 1972 to 2008, and were classified according to the degree of balance in the area: stable areas, eutrophic areas, areas of gain, and eroded areas. Troughout analysis of the balance of areas, it was possible to quantify the volume of lake areas occupied by aquatic macrophytes. The study sought to understand the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes occurring in the region, contributing to the elucidation of the processes which cause and/or favor geoenvironmental changes in the region; all such information is fundamental to making the management of the area and further definition of parameters for environmental monitoring and contributing to the development of the management plan of the Biological Reserve of Lake Piratuba. The work activities is a part of the Project "Integration of Geological, geophysical and geochemical data to Paleogeographic rebuilding of Amazon Coast, from the Neogene to the Recent
O Estado do Amap? abrange um importante sistema lacustre natural, conhecido como A Regi?o dos Lagos do Amap? . A maioria desses lagos est? concentrada na parte sul da plan?cie costeira do Amap?. ? uma regi?o altamente influenciada pelas descargas do rio Amazonas, este considerado o maior em descarga l?quida, com cerca de 209.000 m?/s e 6.108 ton.dia-1 de aporte de sedimentos ao Oceano. Esta regi?o tamb?m ? fortemente influenciada da Zona de Converg?ncia Intertropical (ZCIT) e Oscila??o Sul-El Nino (OSEN ou ENSO) que atuam principalmente sobre precipita??o, nebulosidade, hidrologia dos rios locais e mar?. Nesta regi?o, est? localizado os principais cintur?es lacustre do Amap?: Cintur?o Lacustre Ocidental, Cintur?o Lacustre Oriental e Cintur?o Lacustre Meridional. Este ?ltimo cintur?o ? formados pelos Lagos dos Botos, Lago Comprido de Cima, Lago da Bacia, Lago Lod?o, Lago dos Ventos , Lago Mutuco e o Lago Comprido de Baixo. S?o poucos conhecidos do ponto de vista da hidrodin?mica e morfodin?mica, e correm o risco de ter seu funcionamento natural alterado, antes mesmo de serem estudados. Fatores como a redu??o do volume de ?rea, eutrofiza??o por vegeta??o aqu?tica, antropiza??o, altera??es na hidrodin?mica (vaz?o), s?o fatores j? evidenciados e podem contribuir significativamente para seu desaparecimento do Cintur?o Lacustre Meridional. Este Cintur?o est? dentro dos limites da Reserva Biol?gica do Lago Piratuba, criada em 1980, cuja finalidade ? de conserva??o e de prote??o integral. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a caracteriza??o dos processos morfodin?micos e hidrodin?micos, visando entender o funcionamento geoambiental do Cintur?o Lacustre Meridional, desde o Lago Comprido de Baixo at? o Lago dos Ventos, incluindo o Igarap? do Tabaco. Teve como base metodol?gica a aquisi??o de dados de descarga l?quida, mar?s, batimetria e a interpreta??o multitemporal de imagens de sensores remotos, integrados em ambiente de Sistema de Informa??o Geogr?fica (SIG). Foram estimados valores m?ximos das velocidades do fluxo e vaz?es do Lago Mutuco e Igarap? Tabaco: 1,173 m/s, 1,685 e 1,684 m/s (per?odo chuvoso) e 0,692 m/s, 0,626 m/s e 0,722 m/s (per?odo seco); as m?ximas vaz?es em: 289 m?/s, 297 m?/s e 379 m?/s (per?odo chuvoso) e 41 m?/s, 79 m?/s e 105 m?/s (per?odo seco), respectivamente. A partir da interpreta??o das imagens de sat?lites, foram elaborados mapas de an?lise multitemporal da evolu??o dos Lagos e Igarap? Tabaco de 1972 a 2008, e foram classificados de acordo com o grau de balan?o de ?rea (km? e m?) em: ?reas est?veis, ?reas eutrofizadas, ?reas de ganho, ?reas erodidas. Os resultados mostram que os tr?s lagos estudados e o Igarap? Tabaco, possuem din?micas diferentes. De 1972 at? 1999, os Lagos sofreram poucas varia??es de ?reas eutrofizadas, ?reas de ganho e ?reas est?veis. Nos per?odos de 1999 at? 2008, a din?mica mudou completamente e os Lagos tendem a reduzir consideravelmente sua ?rea ?til, e os Lagos dos Ventos e Comprido de Baixo, s?o os Lagos mais afetados pela presen?a e ocupa??o das margens pelas macr?fitas aqu?ticas: entre 1972 a 1999, o Lago dos Ventos teve uma redu??o de ?rea de 530401,1m?, de 1999 para 2008, teve redu??o de mais 2038595,3m?, equivalente a mais de 50% de ?rea reduzida em 36 anos. O Lago Comprido de Baixo, teve uma din?mica diferente de balan?o de ?rea de 1972 a 1999, sua ?rea teve aumento significativo nesse per?odo, de 2634011,8m? em 1972, para 1999 obteve um ganho de 365512,9m? aumentando para 2999524,7m?. De 1999 para 2008, sua ?rea total foi reduzida em 1225492,0m?, o equivalente a aproximadamente 60% de ?rea ocupada pelas macr?fitas aqu?ticas. Esses estudos buscaram entender os processos morfodin?micos e hidrodin?micos ocorrentes na regi?o dos Lagos e Igarap? Tabaco, com vista a contribuir na elucida??o dos processos que ocasionam e/ou favorecem as modifica??es geoambientais na regi?o. Todas essas informa??es s?o fundamentais para as tomadas de decis?es de gest?o da ?rea, defini??o posterior de par?metros para monitoramento ambiental e contribui??o para a elabora??o do plano de manejo da Reserva Biol?gica do Lago Piratuba. O desenvolvimento das atividades est? inserido no ?mbito do Projeto AMASIS, e teve apoio dos projetos PETRORISCO-FASE-2 e HIDROSEMA (REDE 05 PETROMAR/2007/CTPETRO/FINEP/PETROBRAS/CNPq)de caracter?sticas multidisciplinares e interinstitucional, em temas envolvendo o monitoramento ambiental
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Huber, Anita. "Internal mixing in a mine lake /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0103.
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Schutten, Johan. "Biomechanical limitations on macrophytes in shallow lakes." [Amsterdam] : Amsterdam : Instituut voor Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteemdynamica (IBED) ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/78031.
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López, Moreira Mazacotte Gregorio Alejandro. "Ecological Modelling of Lake Ecosystems: Integrating hydro-thermodynamics and biogeochemistry in a reduced complexity framework." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/252545.
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Freshwater lakes are among the most important ecosystems for both human and other biological communities. They account for about 87% of surface freshwater in the planet, thus constituting a major source of drinking water. They also provide a wide range of ecosystem services that go from the sustenance of a rich biodiversity to the regulation of hydrological extremes; from the provision of a means for recreation to the support of local economies, e.g., through tourism and fisheries, just to cite a few. Lakes are now also widely recognised as natural early warning systems, their responses potentially being effective indicators of local, regional and global scale phenomena such as acidification and climate change, respectively. This is because of their high sensitivity to environmental factors of the most diverse nature that can rapidly alter the course of their evolution. Examples of this are the observed abrupt shifts between alternative stable states in shallow lakes, which led them to become the archetype, go-to example in alternative stable state theory. Therefore, attaining a good scientific understanding of the many processes that take place within these ecosystems is fundamental for their adequate management. Among the tools that serve this purpose, ecological models are particularly powerful ones.
Since their introduction in the 1960s, the development of mechanistic ecological models has been driven by their wide spectrum of potential applications. Nevertheless, these models often fall into one of the two following categories: overly simplistic representations of isolated processes, with limited potential to explain real-world observations as they fail to see the bigger picture; or overly complex and over-parameterised models that can hardly improve scientific understanding, their results being too difficult to analyse in terms of fundamental processes and controls. Moreover, it is now well known that an increased complexity in the mechanistic description of ecological processes, does not necessarily improve model accuracy, predictive capability or overall simulation results. To the contrary, a simpler representation allows for the inclusion of more links between model components, feedbacks which are usually overlooked in highly-complex models that partially couple a hydro-thermodynamic module to a biogeochemical one.
However, ecological processes are now known to have the potential to significantly alter the physical response of aquatic ecosystems to environmental forcing. For example, steadily increasing concentrations of coloured dissolved organic carbon, a process known as brownification (also browning), as well as the intense phytoplankton blooms that characterise lakes undergoing severe nutrient enrichment, a process known as eutrophication, have been shown to have the potential to alter the duration of the stratified period, thermal structure and mixing regime of some lakes.
In this thesis, with the aim of addressing the limitation of partially-coupled models to account for such feedbacks, we further develop a process-based model previously reported in scientific literature. Subsequent studies have already built upon this model in the last few years. In Chapter 2, we do so too by integrating hydro-thermodynamics and biogeochemistry in a reduced complexity framework, i.e., customising the model so that each version only includes the fundamental processes that, brought together, sufficiently describe the studied phenomena.
Two case studies served the purpose of testing the adaptability and applicability of the developed model under different configurations and requirements. Limnological data for these two studies were measured at high spatial and temporal resolutions by means of an automated profiling system and recorded as part of two large-scale mesocosm experiments conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the IGB LakeLab in Lake Stechlin, Brandenburg, Germany. Meteorological datasets were also made available to us for both periods by the German Federal Environment Agency.
The scope of the first experiment, which we describe in Chapter 3, was that of detecting any changes attributable to eutrophication and browning, in the competition for nutrients and light between four different groups of lake primary producers. These four groups are phytoplankton, periphyton, epiphyton and macrophytes. The model version for this study, therefore, includes equations for all four groups. By tailoring the model to these very specific needs with relative ease, we demonstrate its versatility and hint at its potential.
The second experiment, described in Chapter 4, sought to shed light on the largely unknown effects of an increase in the diffuse luminance of the night sky that is due to artificial light at night (artificial skyglow) on lake metabolic rates, i.e., gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem productivity (the difference between the first two). For this purpose, an empirical equation for dissolved oxygen concentration was included, the parameters of which were estimated by means of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method within a Bayesian statistical framework, showing the compatibility, with these statistical methods, of our otherwise fully deterministic model.
In Chapter 5, we present a theoretical study on the ecological controls of light and thermal patterns in lake ecosystems. A series of simulations were performed to determine in which cases ecological processes such as eutrophication and brownification may have an observable effect on the physical response of lakes to environmental forcing, which we assessed along a latitudinal gradient. Results show that, in general, across all examined latitudes, and consistent with previous studies, accounting for phytoplankton biomass results in higher surface temperatures during the warm-up phase, slightly lower water temperatures during the cool-down phase, and a shallower thermocline throughout the entire stratified period. This effect is relatively more important in eutrophic lakes where intense blooms are likely. This importance, however, decreases as lakes get browner.
Finally, in line with the overall scope of the SMART EMJD, in Chapter 6 we illustrate the case of Ypacaraí Lake, the most important lake in landlocked Paraguay, hoping to provide an example of how interdisciplinary research and international intersectoral collaboration can help bridge the gap between science and management of freshwater ecosystems. This lake presents very special hydro-ecological conditions, such as very high turbidity that can impair phytoplankton growth despite its nutrient-based trophic state indices having consistently fallen within the hyper-eutrophic range in recent years. A strong interest in its complex functioning, through modelling, was taken early on. This led to a collaborative research line being established among several public and private institutions in Italy, Germany and Paraguay. Results so far include:
• three concluded UniTN Master theses in Environmental Engineering, partly developed in Paraguay, the first two in collaboration with the “Nuestra Señora de la Asunción” Catholic University (UCNSA) and the third one with the National University of Asunción (UNA);
• a collaborative UCNSA-UniTN research proposal submitted for consideration to receive funding through the PROCIENCIA Programme of the National Council of Science and Technology of Paraguay (CONACYT); and
• the first multidisciplinary review that has ever been published about the case of Ypacaraí Lake, which highlights the importance of such a collaborative and integrative approach to further advance scientific knowledge and effectively manage this ecosystem.
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Amini, Sina. "Hydrodynamics and Salinity of Pontchartrain Estuary During Hurricanes." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1845.
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A hurricane is a combination of sustained winds, low atmospheric pressures and precipitation. Over the past decades, Louisiana has experienced several devastating hurricanes.
The east bank of the City of New Orleans is bounded by Lake Pontchartrain to the North and the Mississippi River to the South. Lake Pontchartrain is a brackish system connected to the Gulf of Mexico through Lake Borgne to the East. As a Hurricane enters the Estuary from the Gulf of Mexico, it imposes a sustained surge of a few meters which may lead to flooding in areas which are not protected by levees. These flood water may be saline.
Saltwater flooding is an environmental issue in flooded marshlands since saltwater can be fatal to some plants. The response of salinity and storm surge to hurricane duration which represents the forward speed of the storm is numerically modeled.
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GUO, YONG. "Modeling Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport at a River-Coastal Confluence." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039036259.
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Hueston, Anne E. "Hydrodynamics of an isothermal lake, L. Neagh : with particular reference to the effect of waves." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242045.
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Soliman, Mohamed Reda Mohamed Mahmoud. "Numerical Study on Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport of Shallow Coastal Lagoons." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180478.
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Schimmelpfennig, Sebastian [Verfasser], Gunnar [Akademischer Betreuer] Nützmann, Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Krüger, and Bertram [Akademischer Betreuer] Boehrer. "Lake Tegel: hydrodynamics, pharmaceutical micro-pollutants and management strategies / Sebastian Schimmelpfennig. Gutachter: Gunnar Nützmann ; Tobias Krüger ; Bertram Boehrer." Berlin : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081211210/34.
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Morales, Marin L. A. "Numerical modelling of hydrodynamics and sedimentation in upland lakes and implications for sediment focusing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1392018/.
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Despite the increasing resolution and precision of palaeolimnological studies these are often founded on assumptions regarding the distribution and completeness of lake deposits that are not always justified. In particular, the assumption that focusing of suspended sediments leads to preferential deposition in the deepest part of a lake is not always supported by observations, especially in upland lakes subject to energetic wind forcing. Surprisingly, very few studies have investigated the hydrodynamic controls on sediment accumulation. This thesis approaches this problem through physically-based numerical modelling of a small oligotrophic upland lake (Llyn Conwy, north Wales, UK). First, a new one-dimensional model is developed to characterise seasonal variation of lake thermal structure and its interaction with meteorological factors. Second, a three-dimensional model, FVCOM, is used to investigate the wind-driven circulation. The existing FVCOM model code is enhanced through provision of a new graphical user interface and a semi-empirical wind wave model. Simulations are performed for varied meteorological conditions and evaluated with respect to observations. Modelled variations in the bottom stress due to currents and wind waves are compared with the observed distribution of bottom sediments. Contrary to the ``sediment focusing'' hypothesis, some of the deepest waters are devoid of recent sediment accumulation and this can be directly attributed to intermittent wind-driven currents that are competent to resuspend material. The processes determining sediment accumulation are investigated further through simulations of suspended sediment dynamics for a set of idealised lake bed configurations and realistic meteorological forcing. Whilst the magnitude and frequency of such resuspension events is a function of the imposed wind climate, their spatial distribution and that of sedimentation within the lake, appears to be strongly influenced by the shape of the basin. Further work is required to extend this analysis to a wider range of upland lake contexts and geometries.
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Jung, Kyung Tae. "On three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical modelling of wind induced flows in stably stratified waters : a Galerkin-finite difference approach." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj95.pdf.
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John, V. Chandy. "Development and application of linked hydrodynamic-water quality models for small lakes, reservoirs, and tidal inlets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ31528.pdf.
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Scheifhacken, Nicole. "Life at turbulent sites benthic communities in lake littorals interacting with abiotic and biotic constraints ; field and mesocosm investigations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-57347.
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Bierlein, Kevin Andrew. "Predicting induced sediment oxygen flux in oxygenated lakes and reservoirs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73502.
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Bubble plume oxygenation systems are commonly used to mitigate anoxia and its deleterious effects on water quality in thermally stratified lakes and reservoirs. Following installation, increases in sediment oxygen flux (JO2) are typically observed during oxygenation and are positively correlated with the bubble plume gas flow rate. Studies show that JO2 is controlled by the thickness of the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) at the sediment-water interface (SWI), which is in turn controlled by turbulence. As a result, JO2 can be quite spatially and temporally variable.
Accurately predicting oxygenation-induced JO2 is vitally important for ensuring successful oxygenation system design and operation. Yet despite the current understanding of physical and chemical controls on JO2, methods for predicting oxygenation-induced JO2 are still based on empirical correlations and factors of safety. As hypolimnetic oxygenation becomes more widely used as a lake management tool for improving and maintaining water quality, there is a need to move from the current empirically based approach to a mechanistic approach and improve the ability to predict induced JO2. This work details field campaigns to investigate and identify appropriate models of oxygen supply to the SWI and oxygen demand exerted from the sediment, with the intent to use these models to predict oxygenation-induced JO2.
Oxygen microprofiles across the SWI and near-sediment velocity measurements were collected in situ during three field campaigns on two oxygenated lakes, providing simultaneous measurements of JO2 and turbulence. Field observations show that oxygenation can increase JO2 by increasing bulk hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations, which increases the concentration gradient across the SWI. Oxygenation can also enhance turbulence, which decreases the DBL thickness and increases JO2. Existing models of interfacial flux were compared to field measurements to determine which model best predicted the observed JO2. Models based on the Batchelor scale, friction velocity, and film-renewal theory all agree reasonably well with field observations in both lakes. Additionally, the oxygen microprofiles were used to fit a transient model of oxygen kinetics in lake sediment and determine the appropriate kinetic model. Oxygen microprofiles in both lakes can be described using zero-order kinetics, rather than first-order kinetics.
The interfacial flux and sediment kinetic models are incorporated into a coupled bubble plume and 3-D hydrodynamic lake model, allowing for spatial and temporal variation in simulated JO2. This comprehensive model was calibrated and validated to field data from two separate field campaigns on Carvin's Cove Reservoir, Virginia. Simulated temperature profiles agreed quite well with field observations, while simulated oxygen profiles differed from observed profiles, particularly in the bottom 1 m of the water column. The model overestimates oxygen concentrations near the sediment, which results in higher simulated JO2 than was observed during the field campaigns. These discrepancies are attributed to oxygen-consuming chemical processes, such as oxidation of soluble metals, which are not accounted for in the hydrodynamic model. Despite this, the model is still able to capture the impact of bubble plume operation on JO2, as simulated JO2 is higher when the diffusers are operating. With some additional improvements to the water quality modeling aspects of the model, as well as further calibration and validation, the model should be able to reproduce observed JO2 provided oxygen concentrations near the SWI are accurately reproduced as well. The current work is an attempt to push toward a comprehensive lake oxygenation model. A comprehensive model such as this should improve the ability to predict oxygenation-induced JO2 and lead to improvements in the design and operation of hypolimnetic oxygenation systems.Ph. D.
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Yeates, Peter Stafford. "Deep mixing in stratified lakes and reservoirs." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0046.
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The onset of summer stratification in temperate lakes and reservoirs forces a decoupling of the hypolimnion from the epilimnion that is sustained by strong density gradients in the metalimnion. These strong gradients act as a barrier to the vertical transport of mass and scalars leading to bottom anoxia and subsequent nutrient release from the sediments. The stratification is intermittently overcome by turbulent mixing events that redistribute mass, heat, dissolved parameters and particulates in the vertical. The redistribution of ecological parameters then exerts some control over the ecological response of the lake. This dissertation is focused on the physics of deep vertical mixing that occurs beneath the well-mixed surface layer in stratified lakes and reservoirs. The overall aim is to improve the ability of numerical models to reproduce deep vertical mixing, thus providing better tools for water quality prediction and management. In the first part of this research the framework of a one-dimensional mixed-layer hydrodynamic model was used to construct a pseudo two-dimensional model that computes vertical fluxes generated by deep mixing processes. The parameterisations developed for the model were based on the relationship found between lake-wide vertical buoyancy flux and the first-order internal wave response of the lake to surface wind forcing. The ability of the model to reproduce the observed thermal structure in a range of lakes and reservoirs was greatly improved by incorporating an explicit turbulent benthic boundary layer routine. Although laterally-integrated models reproduce the net effect of turbulent mixing in a vertical sense, they fail to resolve the transient distribution of turbulent mixing events triggered by local flow properties defined at far smaller scales. Importantly, the distribution of events may promote tertiary motions and ecological niches. In the second part of the study a large body of microstructure data collected in Lake Kinneret, Israel, was used to show that the nature of turbulent mixing events varied considerably between the epilimnion, metalimnion, hypolimnion and benthic boundary layer, yet the turbulent scales of the events and the buoyancy flux they produced collapsed into functions of the local gradient Richardson number. It was found that the most intense events in the metalimnion were triggered by high-frequency waves generated near the surface that grew and imparted a strain on the metalimnion density field, which led to secondary instabilities with low gradient Richardson numbers. The microstructure observations suggest that the local gradient Richardson number could be used to parameterise vertical mixing in coarse-grid numerical models of lakes and reservoirs. However, any effort to incorporate such parameterisations becomes meaningless without measures to reduce numerical diffusion, which often dominates over parameterised physical mixing. As a third part of the research, an explicit filtering tool was developed to negate numerical diffusion in a threedimensional hydrodynamic model. The adaptive filter ensured that temperature gradients in the metalimnion remained within bounds of the measured values and so the computation preserved the spectrum of internal wave motions that trigger diapycnal mixing events in the deeper reaches of a lake. The results showed that the ratio of physical to numerical diffusion is dictated by the character of the dominant internal wave motions.
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Gómez, Giraldo Evelio Andrés. "Observations of energy transfer mechanisms associated with internal waves /." Connect to this title, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0045.
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Glenn, Kriton Campbell. "Sedimentary processes during the Late Quaternary across the Kimberley Shelf, Northwest Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg5584.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Geology and Geophysics, 2004."February 2004" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-227).
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Castro, Marcelo Mendes de. "Modelação matemática de lagos e reservatórios: caso do Reservatório Billings." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-18082010-165433/.
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Modelos numéricos são importantes ferramentas para avaliação do comportamento de corpos hídricos, notadamente com relação ao decaimento e mistura de constituintes ao longo do tempo. Neste trabalho apresenta-se o método empregado para adaptação e aplicação de um modelo matemático hidrodinâmico 2DH para simulação de variáveis de qualidade das águas a reservatórios rasos ou polimíticos. A descrição do desenvolvimento do modelo empregado (IPH-ECO), do processo de análise das condições do reservatório, seleção de dado intervenientes, discretização espacial e temporal, definição das condições de contorno hidrológicas e de aporto de cargas poluentes, bem como a definição espacial dos pontos de controle para aferição e validação são discutidos. São apresentados os resultados da resposta do modelo aplicado ao Reservatório Billings, em São Paulo.Numerical models are strong tools to evaluate the fate of pollutants in lakes and reservoirs under transient conditions. This article brings the steps employed for preparation and implementation of a hydrodynamic 2DH model to simulate water quality variables in shallow or polymitc lakes. Description of the adaptation and implementation of IPH-ECO model process, compiling and setting of the hydrological and constituent loadings, spatial and temporal discretization and selection of control points are demonstrated and discussed. Some results of model calibration for Billings Reservoir, Sao Paulo, Brazil, are also presented.
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Boegman, Leon. "The degeneration of internal waves in lakes with sloping topography." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0043.
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[Truncated abstract] Observations are presented from Lake Biwa (Japan) and Lake Kinneret (Israel) showing the ubiquitous and often periodic nature of high-frequency internal waves in large stratified lakes. In both lakes, high-frequency wave events were observed within two distinct categories: (1) Vertical mode one solitary waves with wavelength ˜100-500 m and frequency near 103 Hz and (2) sinusoidal vertical mode one waves with wavelength ˜5-30 m and frequency just below the local maximum buoyancy frequency near 102 Hz. The sinusoidal waves were associated with shear instability and were shown to dissipate their energy sporadically within the lake interior. Conversely, the solitary waves were found to be capable of propagating to the lake perimeter where they may break upon sloping topography, each releasing ˜1% of the total basin-scale internal wave energy to the benthic boundary layer.
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Janssen, Bärbel [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Rannacher. "Adaptive Coupling of Finite Element Methods for Simulation of Hydrodynamics and Pollutant Transport in Lakes / Bärbel Janssen ; Betreuer: Rolf Rannacher." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/117978362X/34.
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Donald, Ian R. "A preliminary assessment of the hydrodynamics of the Touw River and Wilderness Lakes system with emphasis on the management of the estuary mouth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85775.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Touw River estuary and Wilderness coastal lakes is a sensitive system from a flooding and ecological viewpoint and, therefore, careful consideration is placed on the hydrodynamics and salinity levels within the system. The estuary consists of a “temporary open/closed” estuary, where during closed mouth conditions, the sand bar at the estuary mouth is artificially managed in an attempt to reduce flood water levels in the system. The reason behind this management strategy is the construction of residential property along the flood plains of the estuary and coastal lakes, which in the past, had been exposed to regular cycles of inundation during flood events. In an attempt to reduce flood water levels in all water bodies and hence reduce the risk of inundation, a management policy was formulated. The past and present management plan is to maintain the sand bar at Touw estuary mouth, during closed mouth conditions, at an elevation of between +2.1m to +2.4m MSL, based on proposals made by the CSIR in 1981. Recent flood events, after the implementation of the management policy, still occasionally result in significant inundation of residential property, which has raised concern for some interested parties over the effectiveness of the management strategy. Furthermore, a growing concern was also evident over the long term wellbeing of the system from an ecological viewpoint. Historical data shows significant changes in salinity levels since the implementation of the management strategy which could impose negative long term effects on the system. In this study, numerical models were consequently constructed and applied in order to analyse the effectiveness of the current management policy and recalculate flood water levels under a number of proposed scenarios. Long term salinity changes were also analysed in an attempt to better understand salinity propagation throughout the system, using extreme hypothetical cases. Through the analysis of the simulation results, it was concluded that flood water levels in the Touw estuary were almost completely dependent on the size of the Touw River flood and the initial height of the sand bar at the estuary mouth. Whereas, water levels in the coastal lakes are almost entirely dependent on the quantity of runoff into the lakes and their initial water levels. The current management plan, involving only artificial manipulation of the sand bar at the estuary mouth, therefore has a fairly insignificant effect on flood water levels achieved in the coastal lakes. Furthermore, it was concluded that the construction of the preparatory channel is a vitally important aspect of the current management plan and that skimming of the sand bar alone is ineffective to completely mitigate the risk of residential inundation along the banks of the Touw River. The salinity modelling study provided a first indication of the salinity characteristics within the system. It was found that the penetration of seawater into the system was less prominent as the water bodies became further removed from the ocean and that a direct relationship was evident between the volume of direct freshwater inflow to a water body and the degree of salinity variation in that specific water body. In water bodies with high volumes of direct freshwater inflow such as the Touw estuary, a large degree of salinity variation is evident. However, in water bodies with no freshwater inflow, such as Rondevlei, salinity levels remain more stable and are less likely to fluctuate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Uit ‘n vloed- en ekologiese oogpunt is die Touwsriviermonding en Wilderniskusmere ‘n uiters sensitiewe stelsel en daar is dus deeglike oorweging gegee aan die hidrodinamika en soutvlakke in die stelsel. Die monding bestaan uit 'n "tydelike oop / geslote" monding, en tydens geslote mondtoestande word die sandbank by die riviermond kunsmatig beheer in 'n poging om vloedwatervlakke binne die stelsel te verminder. Die rede vir hierdie strategie is omdat baie residensiële eiendomme langs die vloedvlaktes van die monding en kusmere gebou is, wat in die verlede aan 'n gereelde siklus van oorstromings blootgestel is tydens vloede. In 'n poging om vloedwatervlakke in al die watermassas te verminder, en sodoende die risiko van oorstroming te verminder, is 'n bestuursbeleid geformuleer. In beide die vorige en die huidige bestuursplanne is die sandbank in die Touwsriviermond tydens geslote mondtoestande in stand gehou op 'n hoogte van tussen 2,1 m en 2,4 m MSL, gebaseer op die voorstelle wat deur die WNNR in 1981 gemaak is. Onlangse vloede wat plaasgevind het na die implementering van die beleid, het steeds van tyd tot tyd gelei tot noemenswaardige oorstromings van residensiële eiendomme, en kommer is uitgespreek deur 'n paar belanghebbende partye oor die doeltreffendheid van die strategie vir die bestuur. Daar is verder kommer uitgespreek oor die langtermyn welstand van die stelsel uit 'n ekologiese oogpunt. Historiese data toon 'n beduidende verandering in soutvlakke sedert die implementering van die bestuurstrategie met ‘n negatiewe langtermyn uitwerking op die stelsel. In hierdie studie is daar derhalwe numeriese modelle opgestel en toegepas ten einde die doeltreffendheid van die huidige bestuur van die beleid te bepaal, asook om die vloedvlakke te herbereken en te analiseer na aanleiding van 'n aantal voorgestelde scenario's. Langtermyn soutgehalte veranderinge is ook ontleed in 'n poging om die soutgehalte verspreiding deur die hele stelsel beter te verstaan, deur gebruik te maak van uiterste hipotetiese gevalle. Deur die ontleding van die simulasie resultate, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat vloedwatervlakke in die Touwsrivier-monding byna heeltemal afhanklik was van die grootte van die Touwsrivier vloed en die aanvanklike hoogte van die sandbank by die riviermond. Watervlakke in die kusmere is egter byna heeltemal afhanklik van die hoeveelheid afloop na die mere en die aanvanklike watervlakke. Die huidige bestuursplan, wat slegs ‘n kunsmatige manipulasie van die sandbank by die riviermond behels, het dus 'n redelik onbeduidend invloed op die vloedwatervlakke wat in die kusmere bereik is. Daar is verder tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die konstruksie van die voorbereidende kanaal 'n uiters belangrike aspek van die huidige bestuursplan is, en dat die afskraping van die sandbank alleen oneffektief sou wees om die risiko van residensiële oorstroming langs die oewer van die Touwsrivier uit te skakel. Die soutgehalte modelleringstudie verskaf 'n eerste aanduiding van die soutgehalte eienskappe binne die stelsel. Daar is gevind dat die penetrasie van seewater in die stelsel minder prominent was as in die watermassas verder van die see af, en dat daar 'n duidelike direkte verband is tussen die volume van die varswater wat direk invloei na 'n watermassa en die mate van soutgehalte variasie in daardie spesifieke watermassa. In watermassas waar hoë volumes varswater direk invloei soos die Touwsrivier-monding, is 'n groot mate van soutgehalte variasie sigbaar. In die watermassas waar geen varswater invloei nie, soos die Rondevlei, bly soutvlakke meer stabiel en is minder geneig om te wissel.
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Gomez, Giraldo Evelio Andres. "Observations of energy transfer mechanisms associated with internal waves." University of Western Australia. Centre for Water Research, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0045.
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[Truncated abstract] Internal waves redistribute energy and momentum in stratified lakes and constitute the path through which the energy that is introduced at the lake scale is cascaded down to the turbulent scales where mixing and dissipation take place. This research, based on intensive field data complemented with numerical simulations, covers several aspects of the energy flux path ranging from basin-scale waves with periods of several hours to high frequency waves with periods of few minutes. It was found that, at the basin-scale level, the horizontal shape of the lake at the level of the metalimnion controls the period and modal structure of the basin-scale natural modes, conforming to the dispersion relationship of internal waves in circular basins. The sloping bottom, in turn, produces local intensification of the wave motion due to focusing of internal wave rays over near-critical slopes, providing hot spots for the degeneration of the basin-scale waves due to shear instabilities, nonlinear processes and dissipation. Different types of high-frequency phenomena were observed in a stratified lake under different forcing conditions. The identification of the generation mechanisms revealed how these waves extract energy from the mean flow and the basin-scale waves. The changes to the stratification show that such waves contribute to mixing in different ways . . . Detailed field observations were used to develop a comprehensive description of an undocumented energy flux mechanism in which shear-instabilities with significant amplitudes away from the generation level are produced in the surface layer due to the shear generated by the wind. The vertical structure of these instabilities is such that the growing wave-related fluctuations strain the density field in the metalimnion triggering secondary instabilities. These instabilities also transport energy vertically to the thermocline where they transfer energy back to the mean flow through interaction with the background shear.
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Collet, Remo. "On the Chemical Composition of Metal-Poor Stars : Impact of Stellar Granulation and Departures from Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium on the Formation of Spectral Lines." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7121.
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The information about the chemical compositions of stars is encoded in their spectra. Accurate determinations of these compositions are crucial for our understanding of stellar nucleosynthesis and Galactic chemical evolution. The determination of elemental abundances in stars requires models for the stellar atmospheres and the processes of line formation. Nearly all spectroscopic analyses of late-type stars carried out today are based on one-dimensional (1D), hydrostatic model atmospheres and on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). This approach can lead to large systematic errors in the predicted stellar atmospheric structures and line-strengths, and, hence, in the derived stellar abundances. In this thesis, examples of departures from LTE and from hydrostatic equilibrium are explored. The effects of background line opacities (line-blocking) due to atomic lines on the statistical equilibrium of Fe are investigated in late-type stars. Accounting for this line opacity is important at solar metallicity, where line-blocking significantly reduces the rates of radiatively induced ionizations of Fe. On the contrary, the effects of line-blocking in metal-poor stars are insignificant. In metal-poor stars, the dominant uncertainty in the statistical equilibrium of Fe is the treatment of inelastic H+Fe collisions. Substantial departures of Fe abundances from LTE are found at low metallicities: about 0.3 dex with efficient H+Fe collisions and about 0.5 dex without. The impact of three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical model atmospheres on line formation in red giant stars is also investigated. Inhomogeneities and correlated velocity fields in 3D models and differences between the mean 3D stratifications and corresponding 1D model atmospheres can significantly affect the predicted line strengths and derived abundances, in particular at very low metallicities. In LTE, the differences between 3D and 1D abundances of C, N, and O derived from CH, NH, and OH weak low-excitation lines are in the range -0.5 dex to -1.0 dex at [Fe/H]=-3. Large negative corrections (about -0.8 dex) are also found in LTE for weak low-excitation neutral Fe lines. We also investigate the impact of 3D hydrodynamical model stellar atmospheres on the determination of elemental abundances in the carbon-rich, hyper iron-poor stars HE 0107-5240 and HE 1327-2326. The lower temperatures of the line-forming regions of the 3D models compared with 1D models cause changes in the predicted spectral line strengths. In particular we find the 3D abundances of C, N, and O to be lower by about -0.8 dex (or more) than estimated from a 1D analysis. The 3D abundance of Fe is decreased but only by -0.2 dex. Departures from LTE for Fe might actually be very large for these stars and dominate over the effects due to granulation.