Academic literature on the topic 'Lake Katwe'

Minnesota boasts over 12,000 lakes, most of glacial origin, three major continental drainage systems (Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, Lake Superior via the other Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, and the Red River of the North via the Nelson River, to Hudson Bay), and a diversity of landforms comprising seven major ecological regions. Such landscape and aquatic variability hosts a high diversity of diatoms, which have been studied for over 150 years. Diatom communities range from saline and eutrophic in the southwest agricultural lands, to oligotrophic and endemic forms in the cold waters of Lake Superior. Early diatom collections were distributed to reknowned diatomists such as C.G. Ehrenberg and H.L. Smith. Other botanists and phycologists, including Tilden, Eddy, and Drouet, were active in Minnesota but only rarely included diatoms in their studies. Interest in Minnesota diatoms increased in the latter half of the 20th century with taxonomic and floristic surveys (e.g., Czarnecki, Koppen, and Kingston) and the inclusion of diatoms in applied research efforts that set the groundwork for understanding post-glacial ecology, effects of Euroamerican settlement, impacts of climate, and the effects of acid precipitation. Important to these latter developments were the efforts of Dr. Herb Wright Jr., who invited several European diatomists (e.g., Florin, Battarbee, and Haworth) to work on paleoecological projects in and near Minnesota. Although not a diatomist per se, Wright's subsequent efforts to promote diatom research included the appointment of Platt Bradbury as a research associate and later John Kingston, Dick Brugam, and Brian Cumming. Students Sheri Fritz, Kate Laird, and Virginia Card completed diatom research for their doctoral degrees. These workers and others have left a legacy that continues to fuel several active labs in Minnesota that have used diatoms to develop water quality standards, assess and restore impaired waters, and understand the impacts of climate, management, and landuse change across the state.

The paper discusses 9 Old Prussian words suspected of being borrowed from a Finno-Ugric source. The following words are verified as Finno-Ugricisms: OPrus. jūrī ‘sea’ (← FV. *järwä ‘lake, sea’); OPrus. kadegis ‘juniper’ (← BF. *kataŋa ‘id.’ ← Ur. *kača ‘resin’); OPrus. kaywe ‘mare’ (← BF. *keewe ‘female horse or reindeer’ < Ur. *kewe ‘female animal’); OPrus. kērdan ‘time’ (← FV. *kerta ‘succession, order, time’); OPrus. *palwe in toponymy (← FU. *palγɜ ‘village’); OPrus. *salavō ‘island’ (← FU. *sala-wɜ ‘island; dry place in the swamp’ < Ur. *sala); OPrus. sylecke ‘Baltic herring’ (← BF. *silakka ‘id.’ ← Ur. śilä ‘fat’); OPrus. wargien ‘copper’ (← FU. *würγɜnɜ ‘id.’).

ABSTRACTEnteric bacteria deposited into the environment by animal hosts are subject to diverse selective pressures. These pressures may act on phenotypic differences in bacterial populations and select adaptive mutations for survival in stress. As a model to study phenotypic diversity in environmental bacteria, we examined mutations of the stress response sigma factor, RpoS, in environmentalEscherichia coliisolates. A total of 2,040 isolates from urban beaches and nearby fecal pollution sources on Lake Ontario (Canada) were screened for RpoS function by examining growth on succinate and catalase activity, two RpoS-dependent phenotypes. TherpoSsequence was determined for 45 isolates, including all candidate RpoS mutants, and of these, six isolates were confirmed as mutants with the complete loss of RpoS function. Similarly to laboratory strains, the RpoS expression of these environmental isolates was stationary phase dependent. However, the expression of RpoS regulon members KatE and AppA had differing levels of expression in several environmental isolates compared to those in laboratory strains. Furthermore, after platingrpoS+isolates on succinate, RpoS mutants could be readily selected from environmentalE. coli. Naturally isolated and succinate-selected RpoS mutants had lower generation times on poor carbon sources and lower stress resistance than theirrpoS+isogenic parental strains. These results show that RpoS mutants are present in the environment (with a frequency of 0.003 among isolates) and that, similarly to laboratory and pathogenic strains, growth on poor carbon sources selects forrpoSmutations in environmentalE. coli. RpoS selection may be an important determinant of phenotypic diversification and, hence, the survival ofE. coliin the environment.

GOM Lease Sale Generates $121 Million in High Bids; Shell Offshore Takes Top Spot Regionwide US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Lease Sale 256 generated $120,868,274 in high bids for 93 tracts in federal waters. The sale on 18 November featured 14,862 unleased blocks covering 121,875 square miles. With $27,877,809 spanning 21 high bids, Shell Offshore Inc. took the top spot among 23 competing companies. A total of $135,558,336 was offered in 105 bids. Among the majors, Shell, Equinor, BP, and Chevron submitted some of the highest bids. Each company claimed high bids of over $17 million, signaling the GOM remains a priority in their portfolios. Last year was a record year for American offshore oil production at 596.9 million bbl, or 15% of domestic oil production, and $5.7 billion in direct revenues to the government. Offshore oil and gas supported 275,000 total domestic jobs and $60 billion total economic contributions in the US. “The sustained presence of large deposits of hydrocarbons in these waters will continue to draw the interest of industry for decades to come,” Deputy Secretary of the Interior Kate MacGregor said. Still, as Mfon Usoro, senior research analyst at Wood Mackenzie, noted, “Although bidding activity increased by 30% from the March 2020 sale, the high bid amount of $121 million still trends below the average high bid amount seen in previous regionwide lease sales, proving that companies are still being conservative with exploration spend.” Although the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management has proposed another regionwide GOM lease sale in March 2021, Usoro predicted that Lease Sale 256 “could potentially be one of the last lease sales.” “With the Biden administration set to inaugurate next year and possibly ban future lease sales, a massive land grab might have ensued,” he continued. “But companies are constrained by tight budgets due to the prevailing low oil price. Additionally, companies in the region have existing drilling inventory to sustain them in the near term. The best blocks with the highest potential reserves are likely already leased. As a result, we do not expect a potential ban on leasing to materially impact production in the region until the end of the decade.” This was the seventh offshore sale held under the 2017–2022 National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program; two sales a year for 10 total regionwide lease sales are scheduled for the gulf. Nine Areas on Norwegian Continental Shelf Open for Bids The 25th licensing round on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, comprising eight areas in the Barents Sea and one in the Norwegian Sea, has been announced by the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. Known for being a country with some of the greenest credentials and policies in the world, Norway surprised observers in June by announcing plans for a licensing round that signaled further oil exploration in the Norwegian sector of the Arctic Sea. In this round, 136 blocks/parts of blocks will be available: 11 in the Norwegian Sea and 125 in the Barents Sea. The application deadline for companies is 23 February 2021. New production licenses will be awarded in Q2 2021. Johan Sverdrup Capacity Increased to Half Million B/D Following positive results in a November capacity test, the Johan Sverdrup field is set to increase daily production capacity. Capacity will rise from today’s 470,000 to around 500,000 B/D in the second increase since the field came on stream just over a year ago. The move will increase the field’s total production capacity by around 60,000 bbl more than the original basis when the field came on line. Overall, the field is estimated to have resources of 2.7 billion BOE. “The field has low operating costs, providing revenue for the companies and Norwegian society, even in periods with low prices,” said Jez Averty, Equinor’s senior vice president for operations south in development and production, Norway. The Johan Sverdrup field uses water injection to secure high recovery of reserves and maintain production at a high level. An increase in the water-injection capacity should further increase production capacity by mid-2021, according to Rune Nedregaard, vice president for Johan Sverdrup operations. Phase 2 production starting in Q4 2022 will raise the Johan Sverdrup full-field plateau production capacity from 690,000 to around 720,000 B/D. Equinor operates the field with 42.6% stake; other partners include Lundin Norway (20%), Petoro (17.36%), Aker BP (11.57%), and Total (8.44%). ConocoPhillips Makes Significant Gas Discovery Offshore Norway ConocoPhillips announced a new natural-gas condensate discovery in production license 1009, located 22 miles northwest of the Heidrun oil and gas field and 150 miles offshore Norway in the Norwegian Sea. The wildcat well 6507/4-1 (Warka) was drilled in 1,312 ft of water to a total depth of 16,355 ft. Preliminary estimates place the size of the discovery between 50 and 190 million BOE. Further appraisals will determine potential flow rates, the reservoir’s ultimate resource recovery, and plans for development. “The Warka discovery and potential future opportunities represent very low cost-of-supply resource additions that can extend our multi-decade success on the Norwegian Continental Shelf,” said Matt Fox, executive vice president and chief operating officer. The drilling operation, which was permitted to ConocoPhillips in August 2020, was performed by the Transocean-managed Leiv Eiriksson semisubmersible rig. ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS is the main operator of the license with a 65% working interest; PGNiG Upstream Norway AS holds the remaining stake. Lundin Energy Completes Barents Sea Exploration Well, Comes Up Dry Lundin Energy has completed exploration well 7221/4-1, targeting the Polmak prospect in licenses PL609 and PL1027, in the southern Barents Sea. The well was meant to prove hydrocarbons in Triassic-aged sandstones within the Kobbe formation of the Polmak prospect. After finding indications of hydrocarbons in a 9-m interval in poor-quality reservoir in the targeted formation, the well was classified as dry. The well was drilled 30 km east of the Johan Castberg discovery, by the Seadrill-operated West Bollsta semisubmersible rig. Lundin Energy, operator of Polmak, holds a 47.51% working interest. Partners are Wintershall DEA Norge AS (25%), Inpex Norge AS (10%), DNO Norge AS (10%), and Idemitsu Petroleum Norge AS (7.5%). Polmak is the first of Lundin’s three high-impact exploration prospects drilled this quarter in the Barents Sea; the wells target gross unrisked prospective resources of over 800 million bbl of oil. The West Bollsta rig will now proceed to drill the Lundin Energy-operated Bask prospect in PL533B. Well 7219/11-1 will target Paleocene-aged sandstones, estimated to hold gross unrisked prospective resources of 250 million bbl of oil. Tullow Sells Remaining Stake in Ugandan Oil Field Tullow Oil has completed the 10 November sale of its assets in Uganda to French giant Total for $500 million. Tullow will also receive $75 million when a final investment decision is taken on the development project, calculated to hold 1.7 billion bbl of crude oil. Contingent payments are payable after production begins if Brent crude prices rise above $62/bbl. The completion of this transaction marks Tullow’s exit from its licenses in Uganda after 16 years of operations in the Lake Albert basin. The deal is designed to strengthen Tullow’s balance sheet, as tumbling crude prices combined with exploration setbacks have created problems for the company. In September, the company reported that it had lost $1.3 billion in the first 6 months of 2020 as falling oil prices forced it to write down the value of its assets. The deal cut Tullow’s net debt to $2.4 billion; it has $1 billion in cash.

Uganda is well endowed with economic quantities of salt evident in the interstitial brines and evaporite deposits of Lake Katwe, a closed saline lake located in the western branch of the great East African rift valley. Currently, rudimentally methods of salt mining based on solar evaporation of brine continue to be used for salt extraction at the lake. These have proved to be hazardous and unsustainable to the salt miners and the environment. In this work, literature concerning the occurrence of salt and the most common available technologies for salt extraction is documented. Field studies were undertaken to characterize the salt lake deposit and to devise strategies of improving salt mining and extraction from the salt lake raw materials. The mineral salt raw materials (brines and evaporites) were characterized to determine their physical, chemical, mineralogical, and morphological composition through field and laboratory analyses. In addition, laboratory extraction techniques were undertaken to evaluate possibilities of future sustainable salt extraction from the lake deposit. Also, PHREEQC simulations using Pitzer models were carried out to determine the present saturation state of the lake brine and to estimate which salts and the order in which they precipitate from the brine upon concentration by evaporation. Results reveal that the raw materials from the salt lake contain substantial amounts of salt which can be commercialized for optimum production. The brines are highly alkaline and rich in Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, CO32-, and HCO3-. Moreover, they contain trace amounts of Mg2+, Ca2+, Br-, and F-. The lake is hydro-chemically of a carbonate type with the brines showing an intermediate transition between Na-Cl and Na-HCO3 water types. The evaporites are composed of halite mixed with other salts such as hanksite, burkeite, trona etc, with their composition varying considerably within the same grades. The laboratory extraction experiments indicate that various types of economic salts such as thenardite, anhydrite, mirabilite, burkeite, hanksite, gypsum, trona, halite, nahcolite, soda ash, and thermonatrite precipitate from the brine of Lake Katwe. The salts crystallize in the order following the sequence starting with sulfates, followed by chlorides and carbonates, respectively. Moreover, thermodynamic modeling in PHREEQC accurately predicted the solubility and sequence of the salt precipitation from the lake brine. Understanding the sequence of salt precipitation from the brine helps to control its evolution during concentration and hence, will lead to an improved operating design scheme of the current extraction processes. The work providesinformation towards future mineral salt exploitation from the salt lake.<br><p>QC 20131129</p>

Uganda is well endowed with economic quantities of mineral salts present in the interstitial brines and evaporite deposits of Lake Katwe, a closed (endorheic) saline lake located in the western branch of the great East African rift valley. Currently, rudimentally and artisanal methods continue to be used for salt extraction from the lake raw materials. These have proved to be risky and unsustainable to the salt miners and the environment and they have a low productivity and poor product quality. This work involves the investigation of the salt raw materials that naturally occur in the brines and evaporites of Lake Katwe. The purpose is to propose strategies for the extraction of improved salt products for the domestic and commercial industry in Uganda. The literature concerning the occurrence of salt and the most common available technologies for salt extraction was documented. Also, field investigations were undertaken to characterize the salt lake deposits and to assess the salt processing methods and practices. The mineral salt raw materials (brines and evaporites) were characterized to assess their quality in terms of the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and morphological composition through field and laboratory analyses. An evaluation of the potential of future sustainable salt extraction from the lake deposits was done through field, experimental, and modeling methods. Moreover, the mineral solubilities in the lake brine systems and dissolution kinetics aspects were investigated. The results reveal that the salt lake raw materials contain substantial amounts of salt, which can be commercialized to enable an optimum production. The brines are highly alkaline and rich in Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, CO32-, and HCO3-. Moreover, they contain trace amounts of Mg2+, Ca2+, Br-, and F-. The lake is hydro-chemically of a carbonate type with the brines showing an intermediate transition between Na-Cl and Na-HCO3 water types. Also, the evaporation-crystallization is the main mechanism controlling the lake brine chemistry. These evaporites are composed of halite mixed with other salts such as hanksite, burkeite, trona etc, but with a composition that varies considerably within the same grades. The laboratory isothermal extraction experiments indicate that various types of economic salts such as thenardite, anhydrite, mirabilite, burkeite, hanksite, gypsum, trona, halite, nahcolite, soda ash, and thermonatrite exist in the brine of Lake Katwe. In addition, the salts were found to crystallize in the following the sequence: sulfates, chlorides, and carbonates. A combination of results from the Pitzer’s ion-interaction model in PHREEQC and experimental data provided a valuable insight into the thermodynamic conditions of the brine and the sequence of salt precipitation during an isothermal evaporation. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results of the mineral solubilities in the lake brine systems was observed with an average deviation ranging between 8-28%. The understanding of the mineral solubility and sequence of salt precipitation from the brine helps to control its evolution during concentration. Hence, it will lead to an improved operating design scheme of the current extraction processes. The dissolution rate of the salt raw materials was found to increase with an increased temperature, agitation speed and to decrease with an increased particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio. Moreover, the Avrami model provided the best agreement with the obtained experimental data (R2 = 0.9127-0.9731). In addition, the dissolution process was found to be controlled by a diffusion mechanism, with an activation energy of 33.3 kJ/mol. Under natural field conditions, the evaporative-crystallization process at Lake Katwe is influenced by in-situ weather conditions. Especially, the depth of the brine layer in the salt pans and the temperature play a significant role on the brine evaporation rates. With the optimal use of solar energy, it was established that the brine evaporation flux can be speeded up in the salt pans, which could increase the production rates. Moreover, recrystallization can be a viable technique to improve the salt product purity. Overall, it is believed that the current work provides useful information on how to exploit the mineral salts from the salt lake resources in the future.<br><p>QC 20151217</p>

Lake Katwe located in Kasese district, is an explosion crater in western rift valley and is the largest of the eight explosion crater lakes in the Katwe-Kikorongo volcanic field, containing a renewable source of natural mineral salts. Salt is produced for 6 months of the year during the dry seasons. There are over 10,000 mud-lined pans of varying sizes between an estimated 200-300 m2 and 1m depth. Currently, rudimentally methods based on solar evaporation and crystallization to produce raw salt crystals are used for salt extraction at the lake. These rudimentary methods used to exploit the resource make this endeavor unsustainable.  As a result, relatively small quantities of the product are realized and often times of poor quality; therefore, this research sought to devise sustainable practical guidelines, procedures or techniques that could address the aforementioned problems. A methodology was adopted to characterize the site weather conditions, a model to mimic the actual solar evaporation process, and an economic analysis to ascertain the economic viability of the process. A Davis Pro2 weather station was used to monitor the weather conditions. The evaporation rate was also monitored by use of a standard class A evaporation pan. In the evaporimeter, the brine layer was very small and therefore the lumped heat capacity analysis was employed for the model calculations. The Net Present Value (NPV) and the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) methods were used to ascertain the economic availability of the process. Generally, there are four clear cut seasons annually; two wet seasons from May to June and October to January and two dry seasons from February to April and July to September respectively. With the relative humidity ranging from 36 % to 95 %, very intermittent wind regimes with speeds of up to 12 m/s whose direction varies considerably, an annual precipitation of 900 mm, evaporation rates of up to 2160 mm annually, and ambient temperatures varying from 24°C to 38°C coupled with an insolation of up to 965 W/m2. The model predicted evaporation rates increasing with increasing brine temperatures. An economic analysis that examined the process for a period of three years yielded a BCR that is greater than one and an NPV of about 17 million Uganda shillings thus ascertaining the huge potential of this venture if more efficient expertise and technologies are sought.

The technological advance of the long-playing record allowed up to 45 minutes of a Broadway score to be heard by home listeners; this innovation intersected with the increased narrative imperatives of the post-Oklahoma! musical and forever changed what a cast album could accomplish. The commodity of the cast album exploded in homes across America as RCA Victor, Decca, Capitol, and Columbia Records all vied for the trophy of recording a Broadway show, setting up an arena of intense competition. The Columbia recordings of both Kiss Me, Kate and South Pacific on the brand-new LP format in the late 1940s essentially sold the new format to American consumers.

Sharing recipes is a form of intimate conversation that nourishes body and soul, family and community. Backstories: The Kitchen Table Talk Cookbook integrates formal scholarship with informal reflections, analyses of recipe books with heirloom recipes, and text with images to emphasize the ways that economics, politics, and personal meaning come together to shape our changing relationships with food. By embracing elements of history, rural studies, and women’s studies, this volume offers a unique perspective by relating food history with social dynamics. It is sure to inspire eclectic dining and conversations. Cynthia C. Prescott is Professor of History at the University of North Dakota and an occasional baker. Her research focuses on portrayals of rural women in cultural memory. Maureen Sherrard Thompson is a Ph.D. candidate at Florida International University. Her dissertation focuses on business, environmental, and gender perspectives associated with the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century seed industry. With contributions by: Linda Ambrose, Samantha K. Ammons, Jenny Barker Devine, Nikki Berg Burin, Lynne Byall Benson, Eli Bosler, Carla Burgos, Joseph Cates, Diana Chen, Myrtle Dougall, Egge, Margaret Thomas Evans, Dee Garceau, Tracey Hanshew, Kathryn Harvey, Mazie Hough, Sarah Kesterson, Marie Kenny, Hannah Peters Jarvis, Katherine Jellison, M. Jensen, Cherisse Jones-Branch, Katie Mayer, Amy L. McKinney, Diane McKenzie, Krista Lynn Minnotte, Elizabeth H. Morris, Sara E. Morris, Mary Murphy, Stephanie Noell, Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Virginia Scharff, Rebecca Sharpless, Rachel Snell, Joan Speyer, Pamela Snow Sweetser, Rebecca Shimoni Stoil, Erna van Duren, Audrey Williams, Catharine Anne Wilson, Jean Wilson.

The first in-depth look at the Haka flute from a performer’s perspective, this chapter presents author Kate Clark’s argument that the instrument is a late renaissance flute. The flute’s history, a fingering chart, and plausible repertoire for it are also included.

This chapter analyses the singularly arresting yet endlessly repeatable appearance via projection of the iconic British supermodel Kate Moss within the recent V&amp;A Museum exhibition Savage Beauty: Alexander McQueen. Originally created for the late fashion designer’s 2006 Widows of Culloden show in Paris, this appearance by Moss was no less rapturously received at the V&amp;A exhibition than it had been at the hologram’s launch almost a decade previously. Drawing upon scholarship in the fields of film history and media history, the chapter argues that the Kate Moss hologram should be conceptualized not as a ‘new’ technology, but as a remediation of older cultural forms and practices such as the Victorian entertainment known as Pepper’s ghost and the genre of early cinema known as the serpentine dance. Subsequently, the chapter examines how the exhibition’s marketing and critical reception helped to construct cultures of appreciation that reinforce dominant and idealist discourses of technology. The chapter argues that contemporary film and media culture cannot be understood without an appreciation of older forms and practices of visual entertainment and amusement.

This chapter describes a mosquito-borne illness, referred to as Yellow Jack by the sailors because of the yellow flag flown by quarantined ships, that arrived in Nassau during late summer. The chapter states that the blockade runner Kate also brought yellow fever with her to Wilmington, and by mid-August, the city was going through a devastating epidemic. The disease also found its way to Key West, Florida, and Beaufort, and Port Royal in South Carolina. As the fever raged in late July, the amount of shipping arriving and leaving Nassau dwindled to pre-war levels. The chapter then shifts to discuss a hindrance to the post-epidemic resurgence of the blockading bonanza — the appearance of Charles Wilkes, the US naval officer who had pulled Mason and Slidell off their boat. It elaborates the mission of West Indies Squadron, under the command of Wilkes, to destroy Florida and the new Confederate cruiser that had emerged from England with Raphael Semmes in command, the 290 (soon-to-be known as Alabama).

Chapter 4 takes up the perspective of Kate Croy over against that of lover Merton Densher, to recognize how James’ The Wings of the Dove moves the reader beyond the short-sighted Anglo-Puritan ethics of Densher to contemplate the “beauty” of Marian-Catholic beneficence, mercy, and non-zero-sum romantic vision—especially when it comes to the otherwise dark entwinements of love and death. From mid-century English critics Yvor Winters and F.R. Leavis to the latest U.S. aestheticians, Wings has long been understood to be a sordid tale of greed and betrayal redeemed precisely yet only by the rise of conscience in Densher—who, not coincidently, takes over the indirect discourse of the second half of the novel, to the point of declaring his personal Christian ascension. And yet it is not a coincidence that this part of Wings is set in Adriatic-Catholic Venice: a city of waterways and alleyways in which to go straight is to get there by gorgeous indirection—which, this chapter argues, is the objective correlative of how James’ notorious late style (postponements, fractures, multivalences) and huge melodramatic, Veronese-inspired canvas serves the alternative Marian knowingness, not only of Kate Croy, the visionary mistress among the Marian figures, but also of the dying yet still sexual Milly Theale, her surreptitious acolyte; and not only that of the two women in the romantic triangle but also of the three wondrous queer characters in support—besmitten yet selfless Susan Stringham, visionary doctor Sir Luke Strett, and Eugenio the major-domo of Venetian Living.

Beyond the imperative or appearance of realism, some scenic impulse in nineteenth-century fiction determines narrative pace. One looks, then, to Charlotte Brontë, to Nathaniel Hawthorne, and even to the realist Balzac in his theatrical tendencies. This chapter reckons with how the scenic impulse that engenders scene-and-summary fiction also leads to its collapse. Chapters become scenes; chapter entries become rising curtains; summaries become prologues for a scene that waits beyond the threshold. One sees it in Zola, Howells, Kate Chopin …. But the seeming culmination appears when Henry James, in the 1890s, avows that he is bound to “the scenic method.” James’s career is one of the most illuminating representations of the arc of the scene-and-summary novel, and its climax appears at the end of the nineteenth century. From there, with late James, one senses a resurgence of romance in the form of narrative lyricism, and one begins to wonder whether pace will be dissolved in that lyrical expanse.