Journal articles: 'Lakota women'

1

Gambrell, Kem M. "Lakota women leaders: Getting things done quietly." Leadership 12, no. 3 (2015): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715015608234.

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Rendon, Aspen Lakota, and Ahmed Al-Asfour. "Lakota Female Scholarship: A Collective Case Study on Transcending Indigenous Educational Pathways and Persistence at the Graduate Level." Journal of Educational Issues 5, no. 2 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v5i2.14966.

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This study explored the perspectives of seven Lakota females who graduated from Oglala Lakota College (OLC) master’s degree in Lakota Leadership and Management or Lakota Leadership and Management with an emphasis in Education Administration programs. Education histories, cultural identification, and college experiences were evaluated to investigate what incentives, not only influenced but propelled the women through the world of academia. The research was qualitative in nature, thus giving a thorough examination of each student perspective. The qualitative research was conducted through a collective case study. Four themes identified through in the findings were: financial support, high female influence, cultural identification, and formal versus informal supports.

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Risch, Barbara. "Wife, Mother, Provider, Defender, God: Women in Lakota Winter Counts." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 27, no. 3 (2003): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.27.3.e56301u2882203l6.

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Fear, Whitney. "Tekicihila Unpo (Love One Another): Confronting Human Trafficking With the Guidance of Traditional Lakota Wisdom in Nursing Practice." Creative Nursing 25, no. 1 (2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.25.1.59.

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Human trafficking emerged as a serious social issue in North Dakota during the Bakken oil field boom in the western part of the state. The oil industry has seen a dramatic decrease in production in recent years. However, the presence of human trafficking continues to dominate the scene in the state. As the RN Case Manager and Community Outreach Nurse for a Healthcare for the Homeless grantee clinic in Fargo, the author is the only nurse outside of a traditional environment who works with victims of trafficking in the largest metropolitan area of North Dakota. The majority of the current targets for this heinous industry are young Native American women. The author, a Lakota woman, employs an approach with trafficking victims that seeks to reestablish the view of self as a being with significant value and ability to contribute to the world in a way that no other being can. In advocacy, she teaches professionals about the Lakota view of the Earth as a living being whose destruction may be correlated with the increased violence against women.

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Gambrell, Kem M., and Susan M. Fritz. "Healers and Helpers, Unifying the People." Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 19, no. 3 (2012): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548051812442749.

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Previously, scholars have implied that leadership theory is “universal” enough and can be applied systematically regardless of cultural influences in subcultures. Leadership research has limited its scope of discernment to dominant society, implying that nonmainstream individuals will acquiesce and that cultural differences are inconsequential. Therefore, the intention of this study was to address the disparity between current leadership theories and a subgroup perspective. Specifically, this study explored leadership from a Lakota Sioux perspective. In this qualitative grounded theory study, six major and five minor themes surfaced: Traditional Values and Behaviors, Putting Others First, Lakota Leadership Qualities (Men, Women, and Fallen Leaders), The Red Road, Nation Building (“Real” Natives and Bicultural), and Barriers. These findings reveal that Lakota leadership is not elucidated by current theory. Thus, to effectively illustrate leadership, researchers should broaden contextual aspects to include subcultures.

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Hoilman, Dennis, and Julian Rice. "Deer Women and Elk Men: The Lakota Narratives of Ella Deloria." MELUS 19, no. 4 (1994): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/468207.

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Weist, Katherine M., and Julian Rice. "Deer Women and Elk Men: The Lakota Narratives of Ella Deloria." American Indian Quarterly 18, no. 3 (1994): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1184762.

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Holler, Clyde, and Julian Rice. "Deer Women and Elk Men: The Lakota Narratives of Ella Deloria." American Indian Quarterly 19, no. 4 (1995): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185569.

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9

Ross, Luana, Carolyn Reyer, Beatrice Medicine, Debra Lynn White Plume, and Madonna Swan. "Cante ohitika Win (Brave-Hearted Women): Images of Lakota Women from the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota." American Indian Quarterly 19, no. 4 (1995): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185568.

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10

Poland, Tim. "Deer Women and Elk Men: The Lakota Narratives of Ella Deloria by Julian Rice." Western American Literature 28, no. 2 (1993): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.1993.0035.

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11

Bergen-Aurand, Brian. "Screening Indigenous Bodies." Screen Bodies 4, no. 1 (2019): v—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2019.040101.

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This issue acknowledges the work of Rosalie Fish (Cowlitz), Jordan Marie Daniels (Lakota), and the many others who refuse to ignore the situation that has allowed thousands of Indigenous women and girls to be murdered or go missing across North America without the full intervention of law enforcement and other local authorities. As Rosalie Fish said in an interview regarding her activism on missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls (MMIWG),"I felt a little heavy at first just wearing the paint. And I think that was . . . like my ancestors letting me know . . . you need to take this seriously: “What you’re doing, you need to do well.” And I think that’s why I felt really heavy when I first put on my paint and when I tried to run with my paint at first. . . . I would say my personal strength comes from my grandmas, my mom, my great grandma, and I really hope that’s true, that I made them proud." (Inland Northwest Native News interview)

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12

Lewandowski, Tadeusz. "Gertrude Bonnin on Sexual Morality." English Studies at NBU 7, no. 1 (2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.21.1.1.

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This paper examines attitudes to sexual morality held by the Yankton Dakota author and activist Gertrude Bonnin (1876–1938), better known by her penname Zitkála-Šá (Red Bird in Lakota). Bonnin’s concerns encompass several themes: the victimization of Indian women, disintegration of Native courtship rituals, sexual threats posed by peyote use, and the predatory nature of Euro-American men. This critique as a whole — in which a ‘white invasion,’ in her words, leads to a corruption of Native sexuality — sometimes produces inconsistencies, particularly regarding Bonnin’s statements on the alleged sexual perils of peyote. Her investigations into the Oklahoma guardianship scandals of the 1920s, however, strongly buttress recent research by Sarah Deer (2015), whose study, The Beginning and End of Rape: Confronting Sexual Violence in Native America, highlights the tragic aspects of Native-white sexual relations under United States settler-colonialism.

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13

Creef, Elena Tajima, and Carl J. Petersen. "Remembering the Battle of Pezi Sla (Greasy Grass—aka Little Bighorn) with the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Victory Riders: An Autoethnographic Photo Essay." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 21, no. 3 (2021): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708621991128.

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If one travels to Little Bighorn Battlefield National Park in late June, one can witness at least three events that simultaneously take place each year commemorating what has been called “one of the great mythic and mysterious military battles of American history” (Frosch, 2010). The National Park Service rangers give “battle talks” on the hour to visiting tourists. Two miles away, the privately run U.S. Cavalry School also performs a scripted reenactment called “Custer’s Last Ride”—with riders who have been practicing all week to play the role of soldiers from the doomed regiment of Custer’s 7th Cavalry. On this same day, a traveling band of men, women, and youth from the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Nations who have journeyed by horseback and convoy from the Dakotas and Wyoming will reach Last Stand Hill to remember this “Victory Day” from 1876—one that historians have called the “last stand of the Indians” during the period of conflict known as the “Great Sioux War.” This photo essay offers an autoethnographic account of what some have dubbed the annual “Victory Ride” to Montana based upon my participation as a non-Native supporter of this Ride in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

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14

Markowitz, Harvey. "The Real Rosebud: The Triumph of a Lakota Woman (review)." Studies in American Indian Literatures 17, no. 1 (2005): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ail.2005.0031.

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15

Muhu, Ria Ulfa Handayani, Lelly Suhartini, and Sitti Agustina. "AN ANALYSIS OF WOMAN SPEECH FEATURES USED BY BELLA SWAN IN TWILIGHT BREAKING DAWN II MOVIE." Journal of Teaching English 5, no. 2 (2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jte.v5i2.13604.

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Many factors influence men and women use of language. One of them is gender refering to the role and responsibilities of men and women created in society. People use different language style while having conversations with different people from different social status in society. This study focuses on woman language features used by Bella Swan in Twilight Breaking Dawn II Movie based on Lakoff study (1975). Design of research conducted was qualitative research. More specifically, the researcher applied discourse analysis to analyse the data. Researcher used Lakoff theory (1975) and Holmes theory (1986) to answer the research questions. Based on data analysis, eight out of ten women speech features from Bella utterances were found in the movie, they were lexical hedges/fillers, tag questions, rising intonation, ‘empty’ adjectives, intensifiers, emphatic stress, ‘hypercorrect' grammar, and ‘superpolite' forms. Meanwhile, avoidance of strong swear words, andprecise color termswere not found in the movie. The researcher identified three functions of woman speech features used by Bella Swan. They were to express uncertainty, to soften an utterance, and to express feelings or opinion.

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Harkin, Michael, Susan Bordeaux Bettelyoun, and Josephine Waggoner. "With My Own Eyes: A Lakota Woman Tells Her People's Story." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 5, no. 3 (1999): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2661317.

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17

Hoikkala, Paivi H., Susan Bordeaux Bettelyoun, Josephine Waggoner, and Emily Levine. "With My Own Eyes: A Lakota Woman Tells Her People's History." Western Historical Quarterly 30, no. 2 (1999): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970500.

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Perdue, Theda, Susan Bordeaux Bettelyoun, and Josephine Waggoner. "With My Own Eyes: A Lakota Woman Tells Her People's History." American Indian Quarterly 23, no. 2 (1999): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185977.

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19

Susan Gardner. "The Real Rosebud: The Triumph of a Lakota Woman (review)." American Indian Quarterly 32, no. 3 (2008): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aiq.0.0000.

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20

Koktova, Eva. "George Lakoff: Women, fire, and dangerous things." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 23, no. 1 (1991): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.1991.10412265.

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21

Mambrol, Nasrullah. "Lakoff and the Question of Language and Gender." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10121.

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Gender has a significant effect on how we speak. In many languages, the sheer choice of what word endings we use depends on whether we are men or women. Studies have also shown that women tend to speak more “properly” than men, using the prestigious or “standard” alternatives of variables, worldwide— likely out of a drive to express legitimacy through speech, which men feel less need for because of their historical status as breadwinners. Men also dominate women in taking the floor conversationally.

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22

Rahadiyanti, Iga. "Women Language Features in Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire." Vivid: Journal of Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.9.2.86-92.2020.

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The purpose of this study is to observe the types of women language features and the most frequent women language feature used by the main women characters in the dialogue of Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire play. Ten women language features proposed by Robin Lakoff is used to analyze the data. This study only observes eight out of ten women language features proposed by Robin Lakoff, namely tag question, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, hedges or fillers, empty adjectives, precise color terms, super polite form, and avoidance of strong swear words. This study excludes emphatic stress and rising intonation on declaratives feature. Due to the absence of any numeric data, this study uses descriptive qualitative approach. The data is taken from written script of the play which consists of eleven scenes. Seven women language features found namely lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, intensifier, empty adjectives, superpolite form, avoidance of strong swear words, and precise color terms. The most frequent feature is lexical hedges or fillers (59.49%) while no hypercorrect grammar is found. This study supports Lakoff theory since most of the features are found in the conversation of main women characters

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Rahadiyanti, Iga. "Women Language Features in Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire." Vivid: Journal of Language and Literature 9, no. 2 (2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.9.2.86-92.2020.

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The purpose of this study is to observe the types of women language features and the most frequent women language feature used by the main women characters in the dialogue of Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire play. Ten women language features proposed by Robin Lakoff is used to analyze the data. This study only observes eight out of ten women language features proposed by Robin Lakoff, namely tag question, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, hedges or fillers, empty adjectives, precise color terms, super polite form, and avoidance of strong swear words. This study excludes emphatic stress and rising intonation on declaratives feature. Due to the absence of any numeric data, this study uses descriptive qualitative approach. The data is taken from written script of the play which consists of eleven scenes. Seven women language features found namely lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, intensifier, empty adjectives, superpolite form, avoidance of strong swear words, and precise color terms. The most frequent feature is lexical hedges or fillers (59.49%) while no hypercorrect grammar is found. This study supports Lakoff theory since most of the features are found in the conversation of main women characters

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24

Svendsen, Amalie Due. "Lakoff and Women’s Language." Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 4 (March 10, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i4.112651.

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In Language and Woman’s Place (1973), Robin T. Lakoff argues that women’s subordinate position in society is manifested in and maintained by their tentative speech style. Since the publication of the study, this claim has achieved great attention in the field of language and gender, and various scholars have examined the features of Lakoff’s ‘women’s language’ empirically. This article creates a critical overview of four studies investigating specific features of tentative language, primarily tag questions, and discusses to what extent their findings support Lakoff’s thesis. While all the studies find that women employ more tentative features than men, they also observe that tentative language serves facilitative functions in interaction. Thus, tentative language cannot be understood exclusively as a deficient contrast to assertive language. A nuanced understanding of tentative language requires a functional perspective that recognizes the efficient social functions of the speech style.

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Munir, Haniya. "Language Shapes Socially Constructed Gender Roles: Ibsen’s ‘A Doll’s House’ in Focus." Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends 2, no. 1 (2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jcct/2020/21/1129.

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Language plays an important role in human life that can be seen from various perspectives such as the cultural perspective, linguistic perspective, social perspective, psychological perspective, perspective of gender and moral and ethical perspectives. This is undoubtedly a proven fact that we use language and at the same time, language uses us to define, designate, tag and shape our places in the society (Cameron, 2005). This role of language is generally suitable for all human race either male or female but the basic purpose of this study is to explain how language shapes a woman’s place and identity in society. Often we find that women face linguistic discrimination in two different ways: one is the way; they are taught to speak and use language and the other way is about how language treats them (Lakoff, 2004). These linguistic disparities tend to specify a woman’s role and function in the society as a sex object, a servant, a wife, a daughter, a mother and specifically a woman (Kerber, 1988). The researcher collected the data for this study from Ibsen’s (1999) ‘A Doll’s House’ in which different lexical items, phrases and sentences were uttered intentionally to explain the role of the main character Nora as a wife, as a daughter and as a woman. The researcher examined the speeches of different characters only to show the language –made and man- made places of women in the society. For this purpose, the researcher used a theoretical framework based on the qualitative approach while consulting the related ideas of Lakoff (2004) who, in her ‘Dominance Theory,’ explains how language shapes a woman’s place in the society by analyzing her own speeches and the speeches of different people in the society. The findings of the study go a long way in telling people and the upcoming researchers that language not only specifies gender roles individually, but also internally and externally as well. Basically different social characters surrounding a woman use language in such a way that it starts shaping a woman’s character in different sub- characters as explained in the work of Ibsen (1999). Furthermore, language use tells us that a man remains a man in every situation either as a father, as a husband, as a son, and above all as a man but a woman’s place in society is changeable according to language use and those tagged names that men have used for women ever. For example, if a little girl talks roughly like a boy, she is scolded by her parents and friends (Lakoff, 2004). This process of socialization is harmful in the sense that it is making women weak, incapable and less –confident but if we analyze the last lines spoken by Nora in the selected text of Ibsen (1999), we come to know that constant battering and hammering of socialization and generalization are now making women aware of their individual place and identity in the society and they are now looking at life from a different perspective that is still unacceptable in the man-made society (Kramer, 1974). This study will open new avenues for sociolinguists to study language and gender keenly and critically.

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Munir, Haniya. "Language Shapes Socially Constructed Gender Roles: Ibsen’s ‘A Doll’s House’ in Focus." Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends 2, no. 1 (2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jcct.21.02.

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Language plays an important role in human life that can be seen from various perspectives such as the cultural perspective, linguistic perspective, social perspective, psychological perspective, perspective of gender and moral and ethical perspectives. This is undoubtedly a proven fact that we use language and at the same time, language uses us to define, designate, tag and shape our places in the society (Cameron, 2005). This role of language is generally suitable for all human race either male or female but the basic purpose of this study is to explain how language shapes a woman’s place and identity in society. Often we find that women face linguistic discrimination in two different ways: one is the way; they are taught to speak and use language and the other way is about how language treats them (Lakoff, 2004). These linguistic disparities tend to specify a woman’s role and function in the society as a sex object, a servant, a wife, a daughter, a mother and specifically a woman (Kerber, 1988). The researcher collected the data for this study from Ibsen’s (1999) ‘A Doll’s House’ in which different lexical items, phrases and sentences were uttered intentionally to explain the role of the main character Nora as a wife, as a daughter and as a woman. The researcher examined the speeches of different characters only to show the language –made and man- made places of women in the society. For this purpose, the researcher used a theoretical framework based on the qualitative approach while consulting the related ideas of Lakoff (2004) who, in her ‘Dominance Theory,’ explains how language shapes a woman’s place in the society by analyzing her own speeches and the speeches of different people in the society. The findings of the study go a long way in telling people and the upcoming researchers that language not only specifies gender roles individually, but also internally and externally as well. Basically different social characters surrounding a woman use language in such a way that it starts shaping a woman’s character in different sub- characters as explained in the work of Ibsen (1999). Furthermore, language use tells us that a man remains a man in every situation either as a father, as a husband, as a son, and above all as a man but a woman’s place in society is changeable according to language use and those tagged names that men have used for women ever. For example, if a little girl talks roughly like a boy, she is scolded by her parents and friends (Lakoff, 2004). This process of socialization is harmful in the sense that it is making women weak, incapable and less –confident but if we analyze the last lines spoken by Nora in the selected text of Ibsen (1999), we come to know that constant battering and hammering of socialization and generalization are now making women aware of their individual place and identity in the society and they are now looking at life from a different perspective that is still unacceptable in the man-made society (Kramer, 1974). This study will open new avenues for sociolinguists to study language and gender keenly and critically.

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27

Slesarevskaya, Margarita N., Salman Kh Al-Shukri, Arkadiy V. Sokolov, and Igor V. Kuzmin. "Clinical course and surgical treatment of paraurethral cysts in women." Urologicheskie vedomosti 9, no. 4 (2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved945-10.

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The results of surgical treatment of 59 women (average age 31.9 1.3 years) who underwent laser ablation of paraurethral cysts using the Lakhta-Milon laser apparatus (Russia) (diode laser with a wavelength of 0.97 m) are presented. The postoperative period in all patients proceeded without serious complications. The average hospital stay was 1.7 1.5 days. 4 weeks after surgery, all 59 patients noted improvement such as lack of dysuria, only 10 (16.9%) had minor discharge from the genital tract. 6 weeks after surgery all 59 operated patients had wound epithelization. Conclusion: The treatment of paraurethral cysts should be surgical and as radical as possible. The operation of choice is laser ablation of paraurethral formations.

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DEBY RAHMAWATI, Elvi Citra Resmana, and Lia Maulia Indrayani. "WOMEN LANGUAGE FEATURES IN RECODE WORLD’S TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDIES." ELT-Lectura 6, no. 2 (2019): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elt-lectura.v6i2.3122.

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This research analyzes the women language features in giving public speeches in RECODE World’s Technology Conferences. The writer used Lakoff’s on Holmes (2013) theory to analyze the data. The writer applies descriptive qualitative method by Creswell (2014). Data for this reseach is women utterance during conference. Basen on theory by Lakoff, the author discover six women language features.The result of this research shown that there are six women language feature that appear, there are lexical hedges, intensifier, superpolite form, avoidance strong swear, empty adjective, and emphatic stress.  Keyword: sociolinguistics, gender language, women language features.

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Kasmiran, Marselus Suarta, and Ouda Teda Ena. "Gender Representation in Men’s and Women’s Fashion Magazine." Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v4i1.179.

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This research aims to study the use of basic and specific color terms used in men’s and women’s magazines. The use of specific color terms was proposed by Lakoff (1973). The specific and basic color terms may distinguish the gender of the writers in the magazines. The study analyzed women’s writings in Cosmopolitan Magazine published electronically by https://www.cosmopolitan.com/ and men’s writings in GQ Magazine published electronically by https://www.gq.com/. The data was analyzed using Lakoff’s (1975) and Steinvall’s (2002) theoretical frameworks. Lakoff (1973) argued that women used language features differently. One of the language features stated by Lakoff (1973) was the use of specific color terms. The findings of the research show that there has been a change of specific color term usages, both genders are now using basic and specific color terms. However, men use less specific color terms. The use of language features may be affected by values – ideology, culture and personality from the language users.

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CASSON, RONALD W. "Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. GEORGE LAKOFF." American Ethnologist 15, no. 4 (1988): 811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1988.15.4.02a00410.

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31

Espinosa Zaragoza, Isabel. "Colour and gender: language nuances." Feminismo/s, no. 38 (July 13, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.38.05.

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It is a deeply rooted belief that women possess a richer colour vocabulary than men (Rich, 1977). According to Lakoff, certain adjectives denoting colour (e.g. mauve) would never be naturally chosen by men unless they were «imitating a woman sarcastically, or a homosexual, or an interior decorator» (1973, p. 49). Are these affirmations adjusted to our present reality? Nowadays, colour is present in almost every economic sector. Consequently, a proficient use of colour vocabulary is expected from professionals, regardless of their gender. Hence, if the differences in colour vocabulary are learnt and highly dependent on the user’s necessities and expectations, then said differences after globalisation and exposure to the Internet should not be so striking. With this objective in mind, this study analyses colour elicitation performed by university students. Both their descriptive capacity and colour lexicon availability are measured depending on students’ colour terms usage. Furthermore, potential reasons for variation are provided.

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32

Barlow, Peter. "The Lakota Legend of the White Buffalo Cow Woman in the Face of the American Dream: Cultural Conflicts and Dramatherapeutic Possibilities." Dramatherapy 20, no. 2 (1998): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02630672.1998.9689478.

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33

Kurnia, Ermi Dyah. "Conceptualization of Women's Physical Beauty in Javanese Metaphors." Sutasoma : Jurnal Sastra Jawa 9, no. 1 (2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sutasoma.v9i1.47918.

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Like other societies, women are important figures in Javanese society so that women's figures in Javanese society's thoughts are also described in such a way. There is a desire in the collective imagination of the Javanese community towards women, so that the Javanese people's thoughts about women are very diverse. One of them is the Javanese thought about the physical beauty of women which is idealized through the use of metaphors. This metaphor in Javanese society is an expression of Javanese society to express ideas and dreams through language. This paper aims to find out the metaphorical conceptualization of the physical beauty of women in Javanese. This study uses qualitative methods and conceptual metaphor theory according to Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The results of data analysis show that there is a relationship between the Javanese people and their natural environment in the form of physical and cultural. Physical environment in the form of animals, plants, and other objects around it

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Ross Enochs. "Lakotas, Black Robes, and Holy Women: German Reports from the Indian Missions in South Dakota, 1886–1900 (review)." Catholic Historical Review 94, no. 3 (2008): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0100.

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Amurwani, Pipiet Palestin. "KONSTRUKSI BAHASA GURU PEREMPUAN DAN LAKI-LAKI PADA KEGIATAN AWAL PEMBELAJARAN [Language Construction of Female and Male Teachers in the Beginning of Learning Activities]." TOTOBUANG 9, no. 1 (2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v9i1.240.

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Women and men have their own unique language. This study aims to describe the language used by female and male teachers in the beginning of learning activities especially in checking students’ attendance and reviewing previous lesson. This research is a qualitative research using the observation method. The data collected was in the form of utterances from 10 female teachers and 10 male teachers when they carried out the beginning of learning activities. The data is then analyzed using Lakoff's theory of the existence of women's language and supported by other relevant theories. Lakoff believes that syntactic constructs that are more freely used by women are the use of the question label form. The results showed that female teachers express their intentions indirectly by using question sentences, using standard language and showing friendly attitude by smiling when they talk while male teachers express their goals directly using statement sentences or affirmative sentences, unstandard words, and with flat attitude showing their wisdom Perempuan dan laki-laki memiliki keunikan masing-masing dalam berbahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bahasa yang digunakan oleh guru perempuan dan laki-laki pada kegiatan awal pembelajaran khususnya dalam mengecek kehadiran peserta didik dan mengulas kembali materi pelajaran sebelumnya. Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan berupa ujaran-ujaran dari 10 guru perempuan dan 10 guru laki-laki pada saat mereka melaksanakan kegiatan awal pembelajaran. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori Lakoff tentang keberadaan bahasa perempuan dan didukung teori-teori lain yang relevan. Lakoff percaya konstruksi sintaksis yang lebih bebas digunakan perempuan adalah penggunaan bentuk label pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru perempuan mengungkapkan maksudnya secara tidak langsung yaitu dengan menggunakan kalimat tanya, cenderung menggunakan bahasa baku dan dengan menunjukkan sikap ramah yang ditandai dengan tersenyum ketika berujar sedangkan guru laki-laki mengungkapkan tujuannya secara langsung dengan menggunakan kalimat pernyataan atau kalimat berita, cenderung menggunakan kata tidak baku yang menunjukkan apa adanya dirinya, serta dengan sikap datar yang menunjukkan kewibawaan .

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Carson, James Taylor. "With My Own Eyes: A Lakota Woman Tells Her People's History, by Susan Bordeaux Bettelyoun and Josephine WaggonerWith My Own Eyes: A Lakota Woman Tells Her People's History, by Susan Bordeaux Bettelyoun and Josephine Waggoner, edited and introduced by Emily Levine. Lincoln, Nebraska, University of Nebraska Press, 1998. xi, 187 pp. $35.00." Canadian Journal of History 34, no. 1 (1999): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.34.1.135.

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Franzoi, Stephen L., and Virginia Koehler. "Age and Gender Differences in Body Attitudes: A Comparison of Young and Elderly Adults." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 47, no. 1 (1998): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fvg1-ge5a-8g5y-dxct.

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One hundred and thirty-two young adults (Mean = 19 years) and 142 elderly adults (Mean = 74 years) evaluated thirty-five different aspects of their own bodies. As hypothesized, elderly adults expressed less positive attitudes than young adults toward body items associated with body functioning (physical coordination, agility, sex drive, health). These differences are consistent with research indicating a progressive decline in bodily function efficiency with advancing age (Christofalo, 1988; Lakatta, 1990). Also as expected, the elderly held less positive attitudes toward body aspects associated with facial attractiveness (lips, appearance of eyes, cheek/cheekbones). These differences are in line with the structural changes that occur in the face as people age, moving them further from cultural beauty standards. One area where these age differences were reversed was in women's attitudes toward weight-related body items: elderly women expressed greater satisfaction than young women toward their appetite, thighs, and weight. The cause of this age difference in women may be due to thinness being a more defining standard of attractiveness for young women, or it could be due to the fact that people typically lose weight after the age of fifty, thus making weight gain less of a concern for older women. Results further indicated that, although men have more positive body attitudes than women, this gender difference is not nearly as pronounced among the elderly.

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Casad, Eugene H. "RAY JACKENDOFF. Semantics and cognition; GEORGE LAKOFF. Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind." WORD 43, no. 2 (1992): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1992.12098306.

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Killam, Rosemary N. "Writing Music Culture for Calamity Jane, Water, and Other Dangerous Women (With Minimal Apologies to Clifford and Lakoff)." Perspectives of New Music 32, no. 2 (1994): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/833607.

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De Klerk, Vivian. "How taboo are taboo words for girls?" Language in Society 21, no. 2 (1992): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500015293.

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ABSTRACTIn the past five years, there has been much interest in the question of whether women are really as concerned about politeness and status as they have been made out to be by such writers as Baroni and D'Urso (1984), Crosby and Nyquist (1977), Lakoff (1973), Spender (1980), and Trudgill (1972). Despite the commonly held perception that it is only males who bandy about derogatory and taboo words (Bailey 1985; Flexner 1975), Risch (1987) provided counterevidence based on data obtained in the United States. The results of the present study, based on data obtained in South Africa, strongly support her findings and challenge the assumption that women stick to standard speech, citing evidence that young females are familiar with, and use, a wide range of highly taboo/slang items themselves. In particular, attention is devoted to the question of pejorative words applicable to males and females, respectively, and the view that there are only a few pejorative terms commonly used to describe males (particularly by females) is challenged. (Women's language, politeness, linguistic taboo, stereotypes, slang, expletives, prestige forms).

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Jamangantar Siregar, Ashari, and I. Made Suastra. "Women and Men Linguistic Features in the First Presidential Debate Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in 2016." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 4, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2020.v04.i01.p01.

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   This undergraduate thesis entitled Women and Men Linguistic Features in The First Presidential Debate Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in 2016 was aimed at analyzing the women linguistic features represented by Clinton utterances based on Lakoff (1975) theory and men linguistic features represented by Trump based on Coates (2003) theory and at investigating the implication of the dominant women and men linguistic features. The data were taken from the debate video of NBC YouTube channel and its transcript is taken from the Washington Post website. The method used in collecting data was the documentary method applying the note-taking technique. The qualitative and quantitative method was applied in analyzing the data. In presenting the analysis, formal and informal methods were used. The analysis results showed that there seven features of ten women linguistic features discovered in this study; they were lexical hedges, rising intonation on declarative, empty adjectives, intensive adverbs, hypercorrect grammar, super polite forms, and emphatic stress whereas features such as tag questions, avoidance of strong swear words and precise color terms were not found in this study. In this study, there are only three of four men linguistic features such as stereotypically masculine topics, great attention to details, elaborate use of taboo words whereas men only features were not used in Trump utterances. And the dominant features found in Clinton utterances were emphatic stress while in Trump, the dominant feature was great attention to details.  

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Tomko, Anastasiia, and Julia Andriichenko. "Emotional-Expressive Vocabulary Through the Prism of Gender Research (on the Material of Spanish Fiction Texts)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 39 (2021): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.12.

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The article is devoted to the description of gender specifics of the use of emotionallyexpressive vocabulary in a literary text on the basis of communicative behavior of a female character and a male character. The article provides an overview of the history of gender research in linguistics and gender differences in language behavior. The definition of the concept of "emotionally expressive vocabulary" is also considered. The purpose of the study is to try to describe the use of emotionally expressive vocabulary depending on the gender of the speaker. Definitions such as "gender", "emotional vocabulary" and "expressive vocabulary" are given. Gender stereotypes of femininity and masculinity, the social roles of women and men, their pattern of behavior, as well as the asymmetry of social relations between men and women are reflected in their communicative behavior. Thus, stereotypes of female and male behavior affect the features of emotional communicative behavior. The main content of the theory of linguist R. Lakoff, the theory of dominance of B. Thorne and D. Cameron, D. Tannen are outlined. The study allowed us to state that communicative behavior in men and women has characteristic differences, in particular the means of its expression. The main differences in gender communication are identified, namely: conversation, status positions, sphere of communication, etc. Thus, emotionally expressive vocabulary is characteristic of both male and female speech. However, the means of its actualization differ. Emotionality in women is diverse (epithets, metaphors, exclamations, suffixes), and this can be explained by the fact that women's speech is more emotionally represented, while men's speech is less emotionally rich.

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Ahuja, Atula, Suparak Techacharoenrungrueang, and Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin. "Metaphors of womanhood in the literary works of contemporary Indian writers." Metaphor Variation in Englishes around the World 4, no. 1 (2017): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.4.1.07ahu.

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Abstract This study examines the notion of womanhood in the literary works of contemporary Indian authors by analyzing conceptual metaphors of womanhood. More specifically, the data collected in this study are metaphorical expressions (MEs) from nine fictional works set in India’s three main ethnically and linguistically diverse regions occupied by three linguistic groups, namely, the Indo-Aryan, the Dravidian, and the Tibeto-Burmese. The identification of MEs follows the Metaphor Identification Procedure VU University Amsterdam (MIPVU; Steen et al. 2010a). The analysis focuses on cross-cultural variation in conceptual metaphor, applying Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT; Lakoff & Johnson 1980) and the cognitive dimension of socio-cultural diversity proposed by Kövecses (2008). Through the analysis of conceptual metaphor, the paper provides insights into the current social context regarding the status and roles of women in India.

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CARVALHO, Sérgio Ricardo Pereira de, Andréa Bezerra dos Santos SILVA, and Luiz Henrique Santos ANDRADE. "UM INIMIGO CHAMADO CORONAVÍRUS/COVID-19: ANÁLISE DE NOTÍCIAS NA PERSPECTIVA DOS MCIs METAFÓRICOS." Trama 17, no. 40 (2021): 07–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/rt.v17i40.26181.

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Este artigo se propôs a analisar, através de expressões linguísticas metafóricas, como são categorizados os termos coronavírus/Covid-19, em manchetes de notícias, na perspectiva dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (MCIs) metafóricos. Como referencial teórico, utilizamos a Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual aventada por Lakoff e Johnson (2002 [1980]), os Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados de Lakoff (1987) e as contribuições de Feltes (2007). O corpus analisado é constituído de manchetes de notícias extraídas dos sites de dois jornais: Folha de São Paulo e O Globo. É importante destacar que não recorremos ao corpo da notícia, mas às expressões linguísticas atualizadoras que foram extraídas exclusivamente do título que compõe a notícia. Justificamos a relevância deste artigo acadêmico na área da Semântica Cognitiva, uma vez que trazemos novos dados sobre o fenômeno da metáfora conceptual em um tema atual, demonstrando que pensamos e interpretamos os assuntos do dia a dia de maneira metafórica, ao contrário do que pregavam os estudos clássicos. A análise dos dados revelou que a metáfora CORONAVÍRUS/COVID-19 É INIMIGO foi amplamente atualizada por expressões linguísticas para descrever, metaforicamente, várias ações no domínio experiencial GUERRA. Nesse sentido, verificamos que os termos coronavírus/covid-19 foram categorizados metaforicamente como um inimigo em potencial que motiva, discursivamente, o leitor a adotar “estratégias de guerra” como se proteger, combater, conter, enfrentar, etc. Dessa maneira, constatamos, metaforicamente, a criação de um espaço de combate ou luta nas manchetes de notícias analisadas, que sugerem a criação de estratégias para vencer e/ou combater o coronavírus/Covid-19.Referências:BARRETO, D. R. S. Conceitualização de educação à luz da teoria dos modelos cognitivos idealizados: percorrendo veredas entre mente e linguagem dos alunos da educação básica. 2011, 141 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística). Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011.CARVALHO, S. R. P. de. As metáforas conceptuais nas homilias do Papa Francisco. 2017, 80p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística). Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 2017.FELTES, Heloísa Pedroso de Moraes. Semântica Cognitiva: ilhas, pontes e teias. Porto Alegre: Edipucrs, 2007.FERRARI, Lilian. Introdução à Linguística Cognitiva. São Paulo: Contexto, 2011.FOLHA DE SÃO PAULO. Disponível em: https://www.folha.uol.com.br/ Acesso em: jul.- ago. 2020. GUIA DO ESTUDANTE. Disponível em: https://guiadoestudante.abril.com.br/estudo/qual-e-a-diferenca-entre-coronavirus-covid-19-e-sars-cov-2-entenda/ Acesso em: 2 jul. 2020.LAKOFF, G. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987.LAKOFF, G.; JOHNSON, M. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.LAKOFF, G.; JOHNSON, M. Metáforas da vida cotidiana. (Coordenação da tradução Mara Sophia Zanotto) Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras; São Paulo: EDU, 2002 [1980].MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/campanhas-da-saude/2020 Acesso em: 2 jul. 2020.O GLOBO. Disponível em: https://oglobo.globo.com/ Acesso em: jul.- ago. 2020. SARDINHA, T. B. Metáfora. São Paulo: Parábola, 2007.Recebido em 30-10-2020Revisões requeridas em 24-11-2020Aceito em 13-12-2020

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Abaya, Ruth. "Influence of Gender Status on Discourse Behaviour of Women." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 5, no. 3 (2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v5.n3.p13.

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The focus of this paper is on the role of language as a powerful tool in representing and structuring the world. We will explore how language can help construct stereotype identities and human relationships. Gender being a socially constructed definition of women and men, it is determined by the conception of tasks, functions and roles attributed to women and men in society, in public and private life; whereas power is reflected in every aspect of communication from what the actual topic of the communication is to the ways in which it is communicated. Most researches have focused on the spoken aspect of language giving little attention to the written discourse; this paper will consider how gender is reflected in the written media. Therefore the purpose of this paper will be to examine the influence of gender status on the discourse behavior of women. The objectives of this study will be to examine the linguistic forms used by women and to determine whether they reinforce or transform gender status. The Socio-Constructionist Theory will be adopted for this study together with the Critical Discourse Analysis. It is hoped that the findings of this study will shed light to prove whether Lakoff 1975’s view that ‘women’s register’ serves to maintain their inferior role in the society and that they tend to use linguistic forms that reflect and reinforce a subordinate role is justified. This study also seeks to give response to the question whether language differences are related specifically to gender or to status and power of an individual. Secondary data which will be collected from eight randomly sampled Daily Nation newspapers more specifically the Saturday Magazine inside the Daily Nation of the few selected months and various linguistic behaviors will be picked to support the findings and conclusions arrived at by this study.

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Hartford, Beverly S. "WOMEN, FIRE, AND DANGEROUS THINGS: WHAT CATEGORIES REVEAL ABOUT THE MIND. George Lakoff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Pp. 614." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 11, no. 4 (1989): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100008469.

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Hall, Kira, Rodrigo Borba, and Mie Hiramoto. "Thirty-year retrospective on language, gender and sexuality research." Gender and Language 15, no. 1 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/genl.19524.

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This thirty-year retrospective on language, gender and sexuality research, launched in anticipation of the thirtieth anniversary of the 1992 Berkeley Women and Language Conference, showcases essays by luminaries who presented papers at the conference as well as allied scholars who have taken the field in new directions. Revitalising a tradition set out by the First Berkeley Women and Language Conference in 1985, the four biennial Berkeley conferences held in the 1990s led to the establishment of the International Gender and Language Association and subsequently of the journal Gender and Language, contributing to the field’s institutionalisation and its current pan-global character. Retrospective essays addressing the themes of Politics, Practice, Intersectionality and Place will be published across four issues of the journal in 2021. In this inaugural issue on politics, Robin Lakoff, Susan Gal and Alice Freed analyse the current political scenario from their feminist linguistic lenses, while Sally McConnell-Ginet and Norma Mendoza-Denton share more personal views of the politics involved in doing research on language, gender and sexuality. The theme series also pays tribute to significant scholars present at the 1992 Berkeley conference who are no longer with us; in this issue, Amy Kyratzis pays homage to the groundbreaking work of Susan Ervin-Tripp.

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Waxman, Sandra. "Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. George Lakoff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Pp. xvii + 614." Applied Psycholinguistics 10, no. 4 (1989): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009061.

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Ascalonicawati, Adinda Prasty. "Fitur-Fitur Tuturan Emma Watson dalam Wawancara (The Features of Speech of Emma Watson in Interview[s])." JALABAHASA 16, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v16i1.401.

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Perempuan memiliki karakteristik tersendiri saat berbicara. Fitur-fitur tuturan perempuan memungkinkan mereka menggunakan bahasa dengan fungsi yang berbeda, yaitu melemahkan maupun menguatkan tuturan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi fitur-fitur tuturan perempuan yang digunakan dalam wawancara oleh Emma Watson dengan menerapkan teori Lakoff (1975). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif untuk menjabarkan fitur-fitur tuturan perempuan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Sementara itu, metode kuantitatif untuk mengidentifikasi frekuensi penggunaan fitur tuturan yang paling sering digunakan oleh Emma Watson dalam wawancara. Ditemukan ada sembilan fitur tuturan perempuan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, super polite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, dan emphatic stress. Fitur tuturan yang paling sering digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lexical hedges. Women have their own characteristics when they were speaking compared with men. Women’s speech feature made them possible to use language with different functions, such as hedging and boosting utterances. This research aimed to identify women’s speech feature used in the interview by Emma Watson by applying the theory from Lakoff (1975). Method used in this research is qualitative-quantitative. Qualitative method is used to explain women’s speech feature found in this research. While, quantitative method is used to identify the frequency of speech feature used the most by Emma Watson in the interview. There are 9 women’s speech features in this research, such as lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, super polite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. Women’s speech feature used the most in this research is lexical hedges.

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Uddin, Md Nesar, and Mahmuda Sharmin. "The Role of Gender in TV Talk Show Discourse in Bangladesh: A Conversational Analysis of Hosts’ Interaction Management." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p22.

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Over the years of research on gender and language, a growing interest has developed in the study of gender differences and differences in verbal interactions. However, TV talk-shows are a relatively less studied area of pragma-linguistics. TV talk shows are like everyday face-to-face talks except that they take place in an institutional setting. They include all the major features of conversations wherein turn-taking is a salient component of conversational interactions. Based on Holmes&rsquo; six universals about language and gender that stood against Lakoff&rsquo;s Deficit Model, this study examined four episodes from four TV talk-shows in Bangladesh, two being hosted by men and two by women, to determine how differentially the hosts take turns to manage their verbal interactions in their talk shows. This study employs the conversation analysis approach developed by Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson to examine how the hosts&rsquo; turn-taking overlaps with guests&rsquo; speeches, and how the hosts&rsquo; practices of interruptions, based on gender, are shaped with distinct functions to manage their interactions in talk shows. Data analysis shows that the female hosts, aligned with Holmes&rsquo; universals, managed interactions by soft transitions, minimal turns with supportive overlaps, the strategy of co-construction, and nonlinguistic back channels whereas the male hosts&rsquo; interaction management patterns were fully opposite from each other&rsquo;s: one took excessive turns mostly characterized by interruptive overlaps while the other, like the female hosts, made soft transitions and avoided interruptive turns. This study adds to gender and language studies contributing to emerging social perceptions that woman verbal interactions are characterized by solidarity and co-operation despite their social high standing.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lakota women'

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