Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lamas in art'

A detailed account of how failure can lead to success. Through my attempts to design a chair, I developed a method of bending plywood using Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) routing. Ultimately, I considered my chair a failure. The method I had developed to wood was not suitable for my chair because it left the material too flexible. Determined to find another application for my wood bending method, I applied it to a new series of lamps. Bending thin plywood with a similar cut pattern on the CNC Laser cutter gave the perfect balance of flexibility and strength for lamp shades. Simple as the new lamps may be, they leave numerous possibilities for development in scale and shape.

Bakalauro darbo tema šviečiantys interjero objektai kurie gali būti naudojami kaip šviestuvai interjeruose. Šviečiančių objektų grupė „Misterija“, susideda iš trijų, tarpusavyje harmoningai derančių, šviesą skleidžiančių objektų, kurie interjere yra pastatomi ant grindų, juos patogu pernešti, savitai perkomponuoti, taip naudotojui yra suteikiama laisvė keisti ir kurti savo interjerą. Šviestuvai pagaminti iš natūralios odos, todėl yra ne tik estetiški, bet ir ekologiški. Kūrybinių paieškų prototipas ir atspirties taškas - gėlės kalijos žiedas. Augalinis motyvas pasirinktas todėl, kad bioninių formų plastika suteikia gyvybės šiuolaikiniam statiškam išgrynintų, lakoniškų formų, minimalistiniam interjerui. . Analizuojant ir renkant su tema susietą medžiagą, didelis dėmesys buvo skirtas šiuolaikiniam dirbtiniam erdvių apšvietimui, šviesos šaltinių ir apšvietimo sistemų šiuolaikinėms nuostatoms ir naujausioms technologijoms. Analizuojama kaip šviesos šaltiniai kito ir tobulėjo istorijos eigoje, apžvelgiami pagrindiniai gyvenamųjų patalpų apšvietimo reikalavimai, apšvietimo svarba žmogui. Susisteminus visą temos medžiagą galima padaryti išvadą, jog gyvename dirbtinio apšvietimo, naujausių technologijų eroje. Kintant apšvietimo sampratai ir strategijai, keičiasi ir pati šviesos šaltinio sąvoka, todėl juo gali būti laikytinas ir toks daiktas, turintis keletą funkcijų ir galintis tarnauti kaip šviesą skleidžianti dekoratyvus objektas. Naujos šviesos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Bachelor work thesis - lighting interior objects, that can be used as lamps in interior. Lighting objects in a group of "Mystery", consists of three, consistent with each other in harmony, a light- emitting objects that are placed in the interior on the floor, it is convenient to carry, composed individually, so the user is given the freedom to modify and create your own interior. Lamps made from leather, so it is not only aesthetically, but also organic. Creative search for a prototype and starting point – calla lilies flower ring. Vegetative motif was chosen because the bionic forms plastic gives some life to static purified, modern, laconic forms minimalistic interior. The analysis and collection of material associated with the topic, much attention was devoted to modern artificial lighting, light sources and lighting systems of modern attitudes and state of the art. Analyzed as other light sources and improved the course of history, an overview of the basic requirements for residential lighting, lighting is important for humans. Structured material can be any theme to the conclusion that we live in artificial light, the most recent technological era. Changing the lighting concept and strategy of changing the concept of the light source itself, so it can be considered such a thing and has several functions and can serve as a decorative object emit. New light extraction technology provides the designer much freedom of choice of materials, light... [to full text]

Cette étude porte sur l’enseignement tantrique du ‘lama chinois’ Nenghai et se situe dans le contexte de la recherche de la diffusion du Bouddhisme tibétain en Chine pendant le 20e siècle. Elle comprend trois sections, à savoir, le cadre historique de l’époque, une présentation générale du corpus tantrique le plus emblématique de la tradition orientale de ce Maître, et la traduction à partir du chinois d’un sadhana tiré du cycle même. Mon but est d’analyser les aspects historiques, doctrinaux et philologiques de l’enseignement de Nenghai et, en particulier, ses traductions des textes appartenant au corpus de Yamantaka-Vajrabhairava. Dans la Conclusion, j’aborde l’influence de la tradition bouddhique chinoise sur l’enseignement tantrique de Neghai pour ce qui concerne le lexique, le style et les contenus de ses œuvres. Partisan convaincu de l’identité fondamentale des doctrines de toute forme de Bouddhisme en Asie, et défenseur de la nécessité d’associer l’étude de ces doctrines à la méthode des tantras, nenghai n’hésita pas à introduire dans ses enseignements des éléments tirés de la tradition bouddhique chinoise. Dans ses textes exotériques (et dans une moindre mesure, dans ses textes concernant les tantras inférieurs), on note des influences chinoises évidentes. En revanche, l’analyse du « Sadhana de la divinité solitaire Vajrabhairava » montre que, quand il était question de l’Anuttarayogatantra, il a voulu conserver la plus grande fidélité possible face aux enseignements tibétains
This work deals with tantric teachings of the so-called ‘Chinese lama’ Nenghai and is connected with the new research field concerned with the spreading of Tibetan Buddhism in modern and contemporary China. It locates this Master’s life and work in the proper historical background, analyses the scriptural cycle which mostly characterises his doctrinal tradition and presents the Italian translation of the Chinese version of a sadhana belonging to the same cycle. The main purpose of this study is to try and clarify the historical, doctrinal and philological aspects of Nenghai’s teachings, particularly focusing on his translations of the Yamantaka-Vajrabhairava tantric corpus. In the Conclusion, I attempt to understand whether the tantric teaching of this Master was influenced by the Chinese Buddhist tradition, both in style and lexicon, and in contents. He was deeply convinced of the fundamental identity of all Buddhist traditions of Asia, but also maintained that it was necessary to integrate them with the methods of tantra. Both in his exoteric works and, in a minor way, in his texts concerning the lower tantras, one finds elements of clear Chinese origin. On the contrary, my analysis of the “Sadhana of the Solitary Deity Yamantaka” suggests that he was very faithful to the Tibetan tradition as far as Anuttarayoga was concerned

The corpus of artifacts from the Lagas state constitutes what is arguably the single largest cohesive body of elite representational display forms thus far discovered to have come from Early Dynastic (ED) Sumer. Unlike the equally extraordinary finds from ED levels of Ur, which consist primarily of grave goods and small finds (Woolley 1934; Woolley 1956), what is unique about the finds from Lagas is that the majority of them are programmatic artifacts that were intended to be displayed to specific audiences. Specifically, many of them are relief carvings or, to a lesser degree, statues that were carefully composed and executed in order to encode and transmit carefully constructed messages on the part of individual rulers, or the religious establishment. As such, the ED Lagas corpus is a particularly important record of how one particular group of Sumerian rulers viewed themselves and how the wished to be viewed by others.

Scholarship on Archaic and Classical Greek lamps has traditionally been in the form of typological studies and catalogues. This dissertation represents an alternative to such works, offering a fuller picture of the function of lamps in Greek life. Incorporating archaeological, iconographic, and literary evidence, the study takes a gendered approach to lamp use, examines the objects’ social and symbolic functions, and explores their conceptual place in Greek society. The core of the dissertation consists of three main chapters. Chapter two looks at women and lamps. It begins with an examination of the opening lines of Aristophanes’ Ekklesiazousai, and then assesses women’s lamp use in the home, where the objects helped women perform tasks ranging from early-morning baking to genital depilation. Their use by women at Athens during funeral processions is also considered. Indeed, women and lamps were closely linked during these periods. The objects came to symbolize domesticity and, by association, femininity. They also helped to create and perpetuate female stereotypes, and could be instrumental in controlling women’s behaviors. Women’s conceptions of their lamps grew from use: they saw them as quiet companions and perhaps emblems of burden. Chapter three investigates male lamp use. Lamps and their stands played a role in civic and private dining. They functioned on many levels within red-figure representations of the symposium, and these images offer clues about lamp use at actual symposia. When carried by individuals for street lighting, lamps facilitated travel in the dark while marking the social status of their users. Many literary references suggest that men connected the objects with the concept of exposure, of matters private as well as political, an idea connected to the objects’ use and symbolism in the female arena. Chapter four explores the significance of lamps in the contexts of burial and religion. To a certain extent, the association between women and lamps observed in the home obtained in these spheres, especially in graves on Sicily and in cults of female deities. The study and its findings expand our understanding of uses and perceptions of an often overlooked class of objects, and of gender and social dynamics in Archaic and Classical Greece.
The Classics

Baiting with sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) to protect lambs (Ovis aries) from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) has become more frequent in NSW and other parts of Australia during the last 10 years despite the lack of reported evidence evaluating the effects of fox baiting on lamb survival. NSW Agriculture has developed fox control recommendations aimed at minimising impact, but these guidelines have not been tested experimentally. Defining the extent of a pest problem and the effectiveness of pest control are key components of a strategic approach to vertebrate pest management as it is the damage of pests that justifies their control. This thesis describes an experimental evaluation of the recommended practice of fox control in NSW. The effects of three levels of fox control were tested in the experiment; no treatment, baiting once a year before lambing (the recommended practice) and baiting three times a year (thought to be the maximum farmers would instigate). Each treatment had two replicates. No previous manipulative experiment using synchronous controls and matched replicates has been undertaken to test the effects. The study quantifies the level of fox predation on healthy lambs and the level of predation on lambs that had other causes including illness and mismothering contributing to this fox predation. It also examines the response of the fox population, lamb predation and lambing outcomes to different levels of fox control. The cost effectiveness of fox control is examined in relation to lamb predation and an investigation of the optimum level of fox control is begun. The experiment also provides the first chance to consider the examination of multiple response variables and the scale of field ecology experiments required to recognise a significant response and avoid a Type II error due to between replicate variability even with tightly controlled site selection criteria to standardise experimental sites, and with the synchrony of experimental control and treatment surveys. The study occurred on five sheep properties near Boorowa (34°28'S, 148°32'E) and Murringo (34°18'S, 148°3 1'E) in south-eastern Australia. The terrain was undulating to hilly with a maximum elevation of 660 m above sea level. The main agricultural enterprises in the district are Merino wool, fat lamb and beef cattle production and winter cereal cropping. The native vegetation of Eucalyptus woodland has been mostly cleared, though remnant patches occur. Most of the area is now sown with pasture of Phalaris tuberosa, Lolium spp. and clover Trifolium spp.. The experimental properties grazed self-replacing Merino flocks, primarily for wool production, so lamb survival was vital to the economic operation of the farm. Over 50 selection criteria including lamb survival rates, ewe fertility and bloodline, sheep management practices, climate and habitat features that affect lamb survival, past fox control practices and prey species were used to select sites Sites were representative of most sheep farming properties in the region, but were also extremely similar in factors that affected fox abundance and ewe and lamb survival, thus minimising variation between replicate sites. The manufactured meat baits used to poison foxes contained 3 mg of sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080). A replacement baiting program was carried out in 1995 and 1996. Fox control programs were carried out over the experimental units and adjacent buffer zones covering approximately two fox territories, approximately 6km2, around the lambing paddock under study. The recommended fox control practices described by NSW Agriculture also included neighbouring farmers taking part in an extended group baiting program. In all the area baited at varying intensities totalled 3400 km2. Synchronised lambing with neighbours was a further recommended practice to reduce fox predation and was carried out on these sites. Lambing occurred during a six to eight week period in late winter on all sites, a practice known as 'spring lambing', and on many surrounding properties so a surplus of lambs was available to foxes over a relatively short time. The benefits of fox control were measured directly as enhanced lamb survival derived from differences in lamb marking rates between ultrasounded flocks of approximately 1000 ewes and the predation of lambs was measured from over 2000 lamb carcases post-mortemed in 1994, 1995 and 1996. A mean of 138 lambs were expected at ultrasounding from 100 ewes and 113 lambs per 100 ewes were alive at lamb marking. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of fox control on lambing performance (the number of lambs per 100 ewes that lambed) Fox predation was inferred as the cause of lamb death in a minimum of 0.8% and a maximum of 5.3% of lamb carcases during 1995 and 1996. There was a significant (P<0 05) effect of fox control on the minimum possible percentage of lamb carcases classified as healthy lambs killed by foxes, with the percentage declining from 1.50% (no fox control), to 0.90% (fox control once per year) to 0.25% (fox control three times per year). There was also a significant (P<0.005) effect of fox control on the maximum possible percentage of lamb carcases classified as healthy lambs killed by foxes with the percentage declining from 10.25% (no fox control), to 6.50% (fox control once per year) to 3.75% (fox control three times per year). The observed results were used to estimate the number of treatment replicates needed to be confident of detecting an effect of predator control on lamb marking performance. The estimated numbers were very high if small effects were to be detected. No significant correlation between the fox density and the minimum and maximum possible number of lambs carcases classified as killed by foxes was found. Bait uptake was monitored as were the costs of fox control.

This thesis is a case study which looks at the creation of two theatre productions. Using the literature of Actor-Network Theory as a methodological provocation, it analyses the processes by which networks of actors created these theatre pieces with particular attention to where agency was observed. Through data gathered through observing material interactions, the thesis develops the concept of the (play)text: an object that is an expression of the ideas of the text, but is not the text itself – rather, a bricolage of ‘translations' of a piece of written and rehearsed work bound together by time and combined action. Conceiving of the eventual product – the (play)text in performance – as an example of the ANT concept of an agencement, a network of different people and objects working together to maintain a stable construction, but one which perpetually refines and redefines each of its component parts – this thesis proposes that the (play)text is an example of a dynamic and fractional artistic object, stabilised only briefly in the moments of its performance. Examining the theatre production process in this way contributes to ANT literature by providing specific examples of an artistic object created materially and agentively; it also highlights the limitations of the ways in which theatre has been used as a metaphor within Organisation Studies. Finally, it contributes to work on process change in showing an object which is, though it appears constantly improvisational and changing in its form, stabilised by material interactions.

This thesis discusses three bronze oil lamps found in the ancient city of Meroë, in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Scholars have considered the lamps to be imported from Hellenistic Egypt, but careful examination has revealed that the lamps were not imported. The lamps were locally made in Meroë; the materials and technology needed to create bronze lamps were available to Meroitic craftsmen.

Ewes at two sites were fed to be either condition score 2 or 3 by Day 90 of pregnancy and then grazed on various levels of feed-on-offer (FOO) from Day 90 of pregnancy until weaning, to investigate whether nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation affected the muscle, fat and immunity to worms of their progeny. Eye muscle and fat depth at the C-site, and faecal worm egg counts (FWECs) of the progeny were measured between 7 - 27 months of age. Ewe condition score at day 90 of pregnancy did not impact largely on the eye muscle depth, fat depth or FWEC of the progeny. Increasing FOO available to ewes during the last 60 days of pregnancy and throughout lactation increased the eye muscle depth of progeny at one site and decreased the fat depth of progeny at the other site (P<0.05), but did not affect the majority of FWECs of the progeny at either site. The FWECs of the progeny were low, indicating a relatively low larval challenge, which limits the likelihood of differences in immunity to worms between the progeny being expressed. This Masters demonstrated that levels of nutrition available to Merino ewes typical of commercial grazing conditions had only small effects on the eye muscle and fat depth at the C-site, and on the faecal worm egg counts of their progeny

Primitive, mantle-derived magmas provide important clues about the formation and equilibration conditions of magmas at depth. In subduction zones, it is uncommon for primitive magmas to ascend through the shallow mantle and crust without undergoing chemical modification. Instead, magmas commonly differentiate through fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation, or magma mixing. Those rare primitive lavas that do erupt along a volcanic arc are useful for elucidating subduction-related processes within the mantle wedge (~30–80 km depth) and are the focus of this research. I used piston-cylinder apparatuses to investigate the high-pressure, high-temperature, H2O-undersaturated phase equilibria for several primitive compositions that have erupted at volcanic arcs. I aimed to reveal the permissible residual mantle mineralogy, as well as the P-T- H2O conditions over which the putative mantle melts last equilibrated before erupting. My work focuses on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), where primitive compositions span a range of SiO2, total alkalies (K2O+Na2O), magmatic H2O, and incompatible trace element enrichments. Variations among these components are presumed to result from melting heterogeneous mantle that has been affected, to varying degrees, by a subduction component. Chapter III focuses on the phase equilibria of a Mexican basaltic andesite and an Aleutian basalt. Results show that hydrous basaltic andesite equilibrated with harzburgite in the shallow mantle, whereas the basalt equilibrated with lherzolite. The former appears more common in continental arcs and the latter in intraoceanic arcs. Chapter IV focuses on two alkaline lavas of varying K2O content from the TMVB that are transitional between potassic, hydrous minette and H2O-poor intraplate alkali basalt. Experimental phase relations and trace element modeling reveals that melting and/or mixing of peridotite and clinopyroxene-rich veins are likely involved in producing these transitional lava types. These experimental data are integrated with other petrologic and geophysical data to provide an along-arc perspective of mantle-melt equilibration in the TMVB. Primitive melts appear to commonly equilibrate with chemically heterogeneous mantle at depths above the "hot nose" of the mantle wedge. It is apparent that the shallow mantle wedge is a key component for understanding the geochemical complexities of subduction zone magmas. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.

The dawn of the eighteenth century in the Apalachicola delta region of the Florida panhandle was a time of major social upheaval that has been underexplored by current research. There are no historic records that describe the events and peoples in the region during establishment of the Spanish missions in the Tallahassee area to the east. Archaeological evidence shows the disappearance of the late prehistoric Mississippian Fort Walton people and the brief emergence of the protohistoric Lamar archaeological culture during the time of the destruction of the Spanish mission system around 1704. The Lighthouse Bayou site, 8Gu114, in Gulf County, has both a Fort Walton and a Lamar component, and therefore offers an opportunity to understand this tumultuous time period better. Comparison of the ceramics shows a transition from incised rectilinear scrolling motifs during Fort Walton to a series of incised and stamped designs, along with the emergence of check-stamping as common surface decorations during Lamar. Temper choices are further indicative: pottery of both components has extensive sand and grit tempering, with only limited shell- or grog-tempered vessels, suggesting that indigenous peoples here did not identify with the missionized Apalachee Indians. The lithic data, while limited, show that both the Fort Walton and Lamar inhabitants were more likely retouching existing tools rather than creating new ones; however, the proportion of flake types suggest that the Lamar inhabitants may have exploited chert to a greater extent than did their Fort Walton counterparts. The faunal data show considerable difference in food source exploitation strategies. The Fort Walton inhabitants used the Lighthouse Bayou site specifically to procure shellfish and fish, while the Lamar inhabitants made use of a wider variety of protein sources throughout the area. These differences suggest a contrast between the two time periods: Fort Walton existed under the relatively stable aegis of the late prehistoric Mississippian era. The Lamar people, while not Apalachee Indians, must have been another group fleeing the conflict amid the destruction of the Spanish missions and the general social collapse in Florida’s early eighteenth century.

Magíster en Ciencias, Mención Geología
Geólogo
La mayor parte de los centros eruptivos menores de los Andes del sur están ubicados sobre la Zona de Falla Liquiñe-Ofqui (ZFLO), una estructura mayor (>1000 km de extensión) de rumbo NS, y cercanos a volcanes mayores: los estratovolcanes. Sin embargo, las relaciones genéticas entre estos dos tipos de volcanismo es, todavía, pobremente conocido. Esta contribución compara parámetros composicionales y condiciones de presión y temperatura pre- y syn-eruptivas entre las lavas basálticas de los Centros Eruptivos Menores Caburgua-Huelemolle (CEMCH) y la lava andesita-basáltica de la erupción de 1971 del Volcán Villarrica, ubicado a 10 km de los CEMCH. Olivinos y clinopiroxenos se encuentran como fenocristales y formando parte de cúmulos cristalinos de las lavas estudiadas. No muestran marcadas diferencias composicionales, excepto por la composición más dispersa de los clinopiroxenos. Los fenocristales de olivino comúnmente tienen inclusiones de Cr-espinelas. Los fenocristales de plagioclasas se encuentran como fenocristales de 0.7 a 2.0 mm de largo o como microlitos en una matriz sin vidrio. Dos grupos de fenocristales de plagioclasa se identificaron en la lava de 1971 basados en el tamaño de los cristales, texturas de desequilibrio y patrones de zonación. Los microlitos de plagioclasa ocupan ~ 85 % del volumen de la masa fundamental. Las temperaturas pre-eruptivas del reservorio tipo CEMCH está entre 1162 y 1165 ± 6 °C y a presiones entre 7.7 y 14.4 kbar, lo que implica la existencia de un reservorio profundo, fueron obtenidas por geotermobarometría en olivino-clinopiroxeno. Probablemente el reservorio se ubica en el límite corteza manto (10 kbar). Además se obtuvieron escalas de tiempo a partir de los patrones de zonación de los cristales de olivino a partir de condiciones inferidas de un reservorio usando MELTS. Las mínimas escalas de tiempo van entre 11.3 y 78 días y solamente pueden ser explicadas por la presencia de al menos un reservorio en la corteza superior, de otro modo el magma en ascenso se solidificaría antes de llegar a la superficie. Los máximos intervalos de tiempo de la formación de la zonación de los cristales de olivino es de 121 días, lo que representaría el máximo tiempo de residencia en el reservorio de la corteza inferior. Por otro lado, los fenocristales de la lava de 1971 del Volcán Villarrica tienen registros de dos etapas o pausas en el ascenso de magma hasta la superficie: 1,208 ±6 °C y 4.6 - 9.8 kbar (reservorio profundo) y 1,168 - 1,175 ±6 °C y ≤ 0.54 kbar (reservorio de poca profundidad). En este último, un calentamiento previo a la erupción de 1971 del Villarrica es grabado en los bordes más anortítitcos de los fenocristales de plagioclasa. Los tiempos de residencia de los CEMCH, de máximo 121 días, son mucho más cortos que aquellos calculados para el Volcán Villarrica, que sería del orden de décadas. La presencia de la ZFLO bajo los centros eruptivos menores facilitaría el ascenso de magmas y disminuiría el tiempo de residencia de los magmas en la corteza.

Serial killers are among the most popular and enduring character types in contemporary culture. In this exegesis I investigate one of the reasons for this popularity by examining the representational relationships between serial killers and serial consumers. I initially establish that all monsters, whether they are vampires, werewolves or serial killers, emerge from cultural anxieties and signify the anxiety which gave them birth. I go on to identify that the cultural anxiety at play with serial killers is consumerism and in doing so, I identify two key parallels between the serial killer and the consumer, namely a sense of lack and a desire for transformation. I then examine the ways in which the serial killer is representative of the consumer in three exemplar texts, The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris, American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis and Darkly Dreaming Dexter by Jeff Lindsay. I go on to self-reflexively examine the creation of my novel Carnivore, the accompanying draft of which has been influenced by both the exemplar texts and the findings of the exegesis.

A l’extrême nord du Chili, dans la région d’Arica-Parinacota, ce travail de recherche, axé sur l’étude de trois abris ornés (Vilacaurani, Incani et Anocariri), vise à mettre en évidence les étapes de la transformation culturelle et socio-économiques des populations andines en lien avec le processus de la domestication animale. Entre 2800 et 3800 m dans le piémont andin, l’implantation humaine semble correspondre à l’écosystème de certaines espèces, telles que le guanaco et le taruca, abondamment chassées pendant les périodes les plus anciennes. Les plus importants témoignages, actuellement connus, de cette occupation se retrouvent au cœur d’abris sous roche ou sur de larges panneaux à travers d’imposantes fresques polychromes. Les artistes ont mis l’accent sur la figure animale, principalement les camélidés de genre lama (guanaco et lama) et sur la représentation de scènes variées telles la chasse, le piégeage ou encore la pâture. Ces représentations sont significatives, car elles évoquent des possibles phases de la domestication des camélidés qui a débuté autour de 6000 BP dans les Andes centrales (Wings, 1986 ; Wheeler et al., 1977 ; Lavallée et Julien, 1980 ; Lavallée et al., 1995) débouchant sur le développement des sociétés pastorales et d’une économie de production dans les hautes terres andines. Pourtant, les mécanismes de cette transformation restent encore mal connus. Cette recherche offre une nouvelle lecture des manifestations artistiques comme source première d’information pour comprendre la transition socio-économique et culturelle des populations des hautes terres. A travers l’étude des scènes picturales et l’imposant système de superposition des figures, nous sommes en mesure de décrire le glissement progressif, autant sur le plan technique que symbolique, et les étapes transitoires qui caractérisent le passage d’une économie principalement fondée sur la chasse à une économie pastorale
In the far north of Chile, in the region of Arica-Parinacota, this research, centered on the study of three decorated shelters (Vilacaurani, Incani and Anocariri), aim at highlighting the socioeconomic and cultural stages of the transformation of the Andean populations in connection with the process of the animal domestication. Between 2800 and 3800 m in Andean Piedmont, the human settling seems to correspond to the ecosystem of certain species such as the guanaco and the taruca abundantly hunted during the most ancient periods. The most important testimonies of this activity, so far known, are found at the heart of shelters or on wide panels through impressive polychromatic frescoes. The artists put the accent on the animal figure, mainly Camelidae of the genus Lama (guanaco and llama) and on the representation of varied scenes such hunting, capture or grazing. These representations are significant because they evoke possible phases of the Camelid’s domestication which began around 6000 BP in the central Andes (Wings, 1986 ; Wheeler et al., 1977 ; Lavallée et Julien, 1980 ; Lavallée et al., 1995) which result in the development of the pastoral societies and the economy of production in the Andean highlands. Nevertheless, mechanisms working in this transformation remain badly known. This research offers a new reading of the artistic manifestations as first source of information to understand the socioeconomic and cultural transition of the populations in the highlands. Through the study of the pictorial scenes and the impressive system of overlapping of figures, we are capable of describing the progressive sliding, both on the technical plan and the symbolism, and the transitory stages which characterize the passage of an economy mainly based on hunting to a pastoral economy

A growing trend in Mississippian research in the archaeology of the southeastern United States stresses the need to shift away from categorizing generalizations (e.g., the concept of chiefdoms) that have been used to characterize Mississippi-period (A.D. 1000-1600) societies and advocates elucidating the unique occupational histories of Mississippian communities. This dissertation follows this trend with the goal of identifying and interpreting the particular historical and developmental trajectory of the Yon mound and village site (8Li2), a Fort Walton Mississippian site situated in the middle Apalachicola River valley, northwest Florida. Since its initial recording by Clarence Bloomfield Moore at the turn of the 20th century, Yon has been intermittently investigated by various researchers, but the data from these multiple investigations until now have been severely underreported or not reported at all. In this dissertation, these archaeological data from Yon are synthesized and used to identify the site's particular developmental history. The study proceeds through a careful examination of Yon's radiocarbon dates, artifact assemblage, platform mound construction, structural remains, and to a lesser extent, subsistence data, in an effort to tease apart its occupational components and contextualize them within the wider Fort Walton and Mississippian milieu. To this end, particular attention is given to the wider Fort Walton manifestation of the Apalachicola-lower Chattahoochee River valley and the Rood and later Lamar Mississippian regional variants that were located upriver from Yon in the upper reaches of the lower Chattahoochee River valley. This study demonstrates that Yon emerged rather precipitously as a Middle Fort Walton period center circa A.D.1200, a time marked by initial mound construction and the first intense village occupation at the site, which was preceded only by a very small, pre-Fort Walton, Swift Creek occupation there around A.D. 320. Probable antecedent events at a nearby Fort Walton mound center, Cayson (8Ca3), as well as contact with Rood Mississippian groups to the north are hypothesized as influencing Yon's Middle Fort Walton development and florescence. Evidence indicates that this initial Middle Fort Walton occupation was followed by an occupation of Lamar groups. Regional data and radiocarbon evidence from Yon suggest that this Lamar component likely began during protohistoric times (circa A.D. 1600) and continued into the late seventeenth to early eighteenth centuries. It is hypothesized that this Lamar occupation was the result of Lamar groups migrating down the lower Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River in the wake of European contact. As a whole, this study represents the most complete documentation of the occupational history of any Fort Walton mound center to date. As such, it can provide an important foundation for future studies of Fort Walton mound centers and sites in the Apalachicola-lower Chattahoochee River region.

This thesis examines the letters, proclamations, and addresses of the four presidents of the Republic of Texas, David G. Burnet, Sam Houston, Mirabeau B. Lamar, and Anson Jones, to determine how these men faced the major crises of Texas and shaped policy regarding land, relations with Native Americans, finances, internal improvements, annexation by the United States, and foreign relations. Research materials include manuscript and published speeches and letters, diaries, and secondary materials.

碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
電機工程研究所
98
In this thesis, a dimmable electronic ballast for a 500W short-arc Xenon lamp is proposed with its lighting capability ranging from 32% to 100%. To start a short-arc Xenon lamp, a pulse voltage near 20 kV is required and, successively, a stable voltage must be maintained to keep the lamp lighting steadily. Therefore, the electronic ballast of a short-arc Xenon lamp primarily comprised a high-voltage igniting circuit and a DC power supply for energizing the lamp. The high-voltage igniting circuit is composed of a two-stage voltage booster to furnish high enough voltage for ignition. The DC power supply is designed by making use of a resonant converter to generate a high frequency power source, which is rectified and filtered to produce a smooth and stable DC voltage to furnish the lamp with steady current. By comparing the proposed short-arc Xenon lamp electronic ballast with the conventional one, the advantages of the proposed new design include: 1. Use of a two-stage voltage booster design of high-voltage igniting circuit effectively reduces the size of transformer; 2. Zero-voltage-switching on converter design leads to decreasing of device size and lowering of switching losses; 3. Application of frequency-modulation technique results in easy adjustment of lighting without needing any extra dimmer circuit cost. Finally, a prototypical dimmable electronic ballast for a 500W short-arc Xenon lamp is designed and realized. The validity is confirmed by comparing the practical measurement results and the IsSpice simulation ones.

碩士
崑山科技大學
視覺傳達設計研究所
101
This works use interactive art and context-awareness. We connect interactive art and traditional lighting and make it more practical. Repositioning this product make it back in to original value of people and environment. We wish it can upgrade the value of product by context-awareness and successful interactive.We design optical control switch lamps and temperature lamps .Use it in to “The research of the combination of context-awareness and creation of light and shadow art lamps” and make it come to practical application in the future. These are the result of research through experimental and creative process: 1. The lamps need to use eagle-eye LED. This LED no matter in focusing of the light, light angle or projection clarity is the best. 2. The shadow image needs to research by experimental and test many times to make it perfect. Because it works by reverse direction method, so the light source and distance are the problems which need to removed. 3. In the material experiments, we know the image will have different effect in different paper. This result can be reference material of design in future. 4. The interactive art is use context-aware to give us the message and bring it into the tasks. With this task, we can change people’s mood and impact people from physiology to psychology. In the past, people need to touch the product. But now, people could have same result without touching.

The stable isotope compositions (chlorine, oxygen, and hydrogen), major anion concentrations, and major/minor cation concentrations of 37 thermal (any spring water with temperature at least 6.5° C above mean ambient air temperature) and mineral springs from the Cascade volcanic arc system were measured in order to better determine chlorine sources within the Cascades hydrothermal systems, and thus place better constraints on halogen flux through the subduction zone. Typically, most subduction zone flux calculations have been limited to the study of the erupted magmas and gases from fumarole vents, yet magmatic discharge through thermal springs may be considerable, particularly those in the often ignored forearc. Additionally, 9 geochemically well characterized lavas from across the Mt. St. Helens/Mt. Adams region of the Cascade arc (Leeman et al. 2001, 2005) were analyzed for their halogen concentrations, as well as their Cl stable isotope composition. Cl concentrations in the thermal springs range from 6 to 13,850 ppm and have δ37Cl values that range from -0.1‰ to + 1.9‰ (average = +0.8 ± 0.4‰; error = ± 0.2‰), with no systematic variation along or across the arc. The slightly positive values (~0.0 to +0.9‰) may be explained by fluid-rock interaction with underlying lithologic units, such as 37Cl-enriched volcanic sequences, and/or serpentinites or oceanic crust of accreted oceanic terranes. Another process possibly contributing to these positive δ37Cl values, particularly those with δ37Cl > 1‰, is magmatic HCl fractionation during degassing generating an enriched 37Cl vapor which mixes with thermal waters. We cannot completely rule out slab-derived altered oceanic crustal chlorine that has degassed into the springs, although most slab Cl is believed to have already been devolatilized from the slab before reaching sub-arc depths corresponding to longitudes where these springs are located at the surface. Lavas from the Columbia transect across the arc exhibit highest Cl concentrations at the volcanic front compared to the forearc and backarc. Br, like Cl, exhibits highest concentrations along the volcanic front. F and I show a progressive decrease in concentration from forearc to backarc which may demonstrate the putative early surge of fluids/fluid mobile element loss early in subduction at relatively shallow depth. δ37Cl values range from -0.1 to +0.8‰ (error = ± 0.2‰) and may reflect a component of assimilation of crustal material, or is derived from an enriched mantle, although we cannot completely rule out some isotopic fractionation and/or slab-derived chlorine.
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碩士
國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
100
This research attempts to ignite metal halide lamps once with a single-pulse to avoid the problems of uncomfortable light strobes and irregularly high voltage and current stresses on circuit components caused by multiple strikes in conventional electronic ballasts. Metal halide lamps with single-pulse ignition, however, have difficulty in sustaining the lamp arc when operated with a low-frequency square-wave current. Experimental results indicate that the lamp exhibits an extremely small equivalent resistance as the electrode gap has being broken down. In this stage, the ballast has to keep the lamp current not declining to zero in the first half cycle. On the other hand, the lamp acts like open-circuited during commutation when driven by an alternating current. A sufficient energy from the ballast is needed to continue the arc in the next half-cycle. The transition waveform of the lamp arc current after being broken down is analyzed and the required energy for sustaining the lamp arc is calculated accordingly. Based on the investigation results, a starting scenario with appropriately designed circuit parameters for single-pulse ignition can be figured out. The starting scenario has been experimentally implemented on a 70 W metal halide lamp to demonstrate that the metal halide lamp can be successfully started up with single-pulse ignition.

Através de um conjunto de tabuleiros lacados, peças com características híbridas produzidas para o mercado português, é possível percepcionar a circulação de gostos, materiais e objectos na Ásia dos séculos XVI e XVII. Estes tabuleiros, que apresentam dificuldades acrescidas a nível da classificação, ostentam talha de influência indiana e revestimentos lacados com características materiais, técnicas e formais tradicionais da produção de laca da China e das ilhas Ryūkyū, assim como recordam a decoração dos objectos nanban. Para o seu estudo e entendimento são, cada vez mais, essenciais os contributos de disciplinas como a Conservação e Restauro que têm fomentado novas linhas de investigação, nomeadamente, a possibilidade de inclusão das ilhas Ryūkyū na área de fabrico dos revestimentos lacados destes objectos.
Through a collection of lacquered trays, charactherized by hybrid features and produced for the Portuguese market, it is possible to perceive the circulation of tastes, materials and objects in Asia of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These trays, which present some classification difficulties, feature wooden carved decoration of indian inspiration and lacquer coatings with traditional chinese and ryūkyūan characteristics, such as techniques and materials. Likewise, these artifacts bear decoration similar with nanban objects. On behalf of their study and understanding it is becoming more and more essential the contribution from other fields such as conservation-restoration, which opened new lines of research, namely, the inclusion of Ryūkyū islands as part of the manufacture area for the coatings of these objects.