Academic literature on the topic 'Lamba language (Zambia and Congo)'

Bemba (also called Cibemba or Icibemba; ISO 639-3 codebem) is a Niger-Congo language belonging to the Central Narrow Bantu branch (Zone M in Guthrie's 1948, 1967–71 classification). Bemba is spoken in Zambia (mainly in the Northern, Luapula and Copperbelt provinces) and the Southern Democratic Republic of Congo by approximately 3.3 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2013). Our data are based on Bemba spoken in Zambia.

The paper is part of the dissertation and discusses the implication of international trade theories to intra-COMESA trade using Kenya as a case study. Kenya trades with more than 16countries in the COMESA region (Burundi, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Libya, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe), thus the analysis. The paper employs the desk review method of research. The study used trade facilitation to measure trade costs. Therefore, the theoretical discussion referred to variables measuring trade costs: trade facilitation (authorized economic operator, single window), distance, common language, and adjacency. International trade theories are used to explain why countries trade beyond national borders. The analysis shows that one theory is insufficient to explain the volume of trade between countries; thus, different theories are explored to explain why countries engage in trade. The paper shows that while comparative advantage is the major theory in international trade, factor intensities and trade costs which determine the volume of international trade are explained by H-O model and Ice-berg partial equilibrium model thus no one theory can exclusively explain trade flows. Similarly, intra-COMESA trade can bet explained by classical and neo-classical theories of international trade.

The article analyzes the features of the spread of financial crises in African countries in the context of the concept of financial contagion. The application of existing criteria for detecting local crises has made it possible to record numerous episodes of banking, currency and debt crises in the African region. The greatest severity of crises was experienced by such countries as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, and Zambia. At the same time, in modern conditions, the severity of financial crises has decreased compared to 1990-2000. Banking crises in Africa have not been observed since 2017, but in general, for many years the region has demonstrated an increased crisis burden, especially in terms of debt crises. It is advisable to study the interconnectedness of crises on the basis of the methodology of financial contagion, i.e. the process of spreading negative shocks and crises from one country (region, sector of the economy) to another country (region, sector). Many empirical studies confirm the susceptibility of African economies to such contagion. Moreover, with the growing involvement of Africa in the global world economic system, the frequency and intensity of financial contagion also increases. Today, the main channel of transmission of contagion from the leading economies of the world is trade. Through this channel, contagion was detected in South Africa, Tunisia, Morocco and other countries. The article presents the results of the author's empirical study conducted in relation to a number of African countries in order to identify contagion during the periods of the global financial (2007-2009) and pandemic (2020) crises. The use of an extensive statistical base on the dynamics of stock indices and special tests made it possible to conclude that South Africa was the only recipient of financial contagion in both crises. The susceptibility of this country to contagion is explained by its close trade and financial ties with the world's leading economies. Most African countries react poorly to external shocks (test statistics did not confirm contagion), and the reaction to COVID-19 was even weaker than to the global financial crisis.

Subtitling is one of the modalities or modes of language transfer like dubbing, voice-over and audio-description which are used in the area of screen translation or audiovisual translation (AVT). It has a fairly long history and is an ever-growing specialisation across the globe. It is firmly established in such European countries as Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, the Netherlands, Finland, Norway and Sweden, in Israel, in Australia, and in a few countries of Asia such as Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan and of South America such as Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. In Africa, subtitling is an emerging university discipline in the field of Translation Studies (TS). It is gaining ground in such countries as Cameroun, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Egypt, Zambia, and South Africa.While research in subtitling is far advanced in Europe and other parts of the world, Africa is lagging so far behind that it is always under-represented at international AVT conferences. It is against this background that the present paper deals with the status of subtitling as a new research genre in Africa. The purpose of this paper is thus to sensitise the students and other researchers in translation to the potentialities that subtitling offers in the African context. The hypothesis underlying the paper is that subtitling is both a burgeoning and captivating area of study and that it opens new avenues in AVT research.

Abstract Study purpose This study explores the usage of generative AI tools by journalists in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on issues of misinformation, plagiarism, stereotypes, and the unrepresentative nature of online databases. The research places this inquiry within broader debates of whether the Global South can effectively and fairly use AI tools. Design/methodology/approach This study involved conducting interviews with journalists from five sub-Saharan African countries, namely Congo, DRC, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The objective of the study was to ascertain how journalists in sub-Saharan Africa are utilizing ChatGPT. It is worth noting that this study is a component of an ongoing project on AI that commenced on September 19, 2022, shortly after receiving IRB approval. The ChatGPT project was initiated in January 2023 after discovering that our participants were already employing the Chatbot. Findings The study highlights that generative AI like ChatGPT operates on a limited and non-representative African corpus, making it selective on what is considered civil and uncivil language, thus limiting its effectiveness in the region. However, the study also suggests that in the absence of representative corpora, generative AI tools like ChatGPT present an opportunity for effective journalism practice in that journalists cannot completely rely on the tools. Practical implications The study emphasizes the need for human agencies to provide relevant information to the tool, thus contributing to a global database, and to consider diverse data sources when designing AI tools to minimize biases and stereotypes. Social implications The social implications of the study suggest that AI tools have both positive and negative effects on journalism in developing countries, and there is a need to promote the responsible and ethical use of AI tools in journalism and beyond. Originality/value The original value of the study lies in shedding light on the challenges and opportunities associated with AI in journalism, promoting postcolonial thinking, and emphasizing the importance of diverse data sources and human agency in the development and use of AI tools.

AbstractThis study examines the integration of older African immigrants in the United States through work, which provides them autonomy in later life. The study utilizes qualitative data from 27 older African immigrants from Sub‐Saharan Africa living in Georgia. The older adults are 55 or older and immigrated to the United States after 1990. The participants are from five countries (Cameroon, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Togo, and Zambia). Their ages range from 55 to 85 years old. There are 18 men and nine women. Six participants had doctoral degrees, nine had master's degrees, six had associate or college degrees, six had vocational training, and some had college, secondary, or primary education or no formal education. Eighteen participants were employed full‐time. I apply thematic analysis to highlight emerging themes. The findings demonstrate the importance of the push and pull factors in determining immigrants' decisions to migrate in later life. Other findings highlight the challenges older adults, especially African immigrants, encounter to remain active and gainfully employed. The challenges include problems of language and accent and the classification of foreign credentials in the job market. The participants expressed the necessity to work because of family and societal obligations or perceived obligations back in their countries of origin, most notably the desire to achieve autonomy in later life. This paper contributes to the literature on the diverse aging population by expounding on the contributions made by older immigrants in the workforce, their families, and society. With the information acquired from older African immigrants, we can continue advancing policies that address the concerns of our diverse aging population. Policies should aim at training that targets older adults from diverse linguistic, educational, and cultural backgrounds. Policies should also lay out clearer pathways to financial independence, including education on the role of social security and other safety net programs for older Americans. Policies must reflect the importance of healthcare in later life, so healthcare policies should address issues on cultural competencies in training healthcare providers and educating older adult immigrants on navigating the healthcare system.

Abstract This chapter aims to give the reader an idea of the linguistic situation in Zambia, and how language relates to national identity in the Zambian context. Zambia lies in the heart of central Africa and shares borders with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to the north, with Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique in the east, with Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia in the south, and with Angola in the west. Zambia has no direct access to the sea, but the Zambezi, one of Africa’s largest rivers, runs through Zambia for about 1,000 kilometres. Zambia also lies in the centre of the Bantu-speaking area. Historically, Bantu languages became widely spoken in sub-Saharan Africa from around 300 BC, and present-day Zambia’s Bantu languages are the result of several linguistic developments which introduced the languages spoken today through gradual processes of migration, language contact, and language shift over the last two millennia. From the late nineteenth century onwards, different European languages were introduced into what is now Zambia through missionary activities, in particular in education, and through colonial governance as a British colony. As a legacy of this period, English plays an important role in the current language situation, a role which was affirmed after independence in 1964, when English became the official language. After the change from a one-party system to multiparty democracy in 1991, emphasis has shifted towards the promotion of Zambia’s seven national languages, Bemba, Nyanja, Tonga, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, and Kaonde, and contemporary Zambia is an explicit example of a multilingual country.