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1
Alexander, G., D. Stevens, and LR Bradley. "Fostering in sheep: an exploratory comparison of several approaches." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 4 (1989): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890509.
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Six potential methods for fostering lambs were investigated. Three involved transferring soft paraffin, dilute detergent solution or a hessian coat from a ewe's own lamb to a potential foster lamb. The effectiveness of placing own lamb's wool in a mask worn by the foster ewe was also tested, together with washing lambs in detergent solution. In the sixth procedure, untreated foster lambs were merely confined with the foster ewe. The first 3 methods, which attempted to transfer odour between lambs were 80-93% successful, and transfer of soft paraffin and coats resulted in earlier acceptance of alien lambs than complete washing or confinement alone. The effectiveness of a ewe mask containing own lamb's wool was intermediate. The initial application of soft paraffin, prior to transfer, also appeared to increase the attractiveness of alien lambs to ewes. Some flock differences in ease of fostering were encountered.
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Petrovic, Milan, Violeta Caro-Petrovic, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, Nevena Maksimovic, Vukasin Stefanovic, Bogdan Cekic, and Ivan Cosic. "Quantitative genetic analysis of variability and relationship of lambs body weight traits in population of indigenous Pirot sheep." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 3 (2020): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2003271p.
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Quantitative genetic analysis of variability and relationship of lambs body weight traits in indigenous pirot sheep population are done. The examined lambs had high variability which very suitable for selection on a larger weight. There is a high and very significant correlation between the body weight of lambs with 30 and 60 days (.969 **) and the weight with 30 and 90 days (.914 **). There is also a highly significant correlation between the weights of lambs with 60 and 90 days of age (.904 **). From our research, we can see that the first month of the lamb's life is very important for the further development of the body. There is different level of correlation between weight of lambs. This gives us an idea to say that many paragenetic factors are crucial for the growth of lambs from birth to weaning. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) is 0.845 which means that 8.45% of the lamb's body weight variance at 90 days is determined by the variance of the set of predictor variables (PI-60, 30, 1). Each increase in lamb body weight during the observed periods of age is associated with an increase in the score of depending variable PI90. In particular, any increase in lamb body weight at birth by 1 kg is associated with an increase in lamb body weight from 90 days by 0.238 kg.
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Caro-Petrovic, Violeta, Milan Petrovic, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, Nevena Maksimovic, Irina Sycheva, Bogdan Cekic, and Ivan Cosic. "Interrelation between body weights of sire, dam and their lambs at early stage of growth." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 2 (2020): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2002205c.
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Records of female lambs and their parents of the Mis sheep breed have used. All animals are approximately have weaned at 90 days of age. Descriptive statistics, paired sample test, paired differences, measures of association, correlations and regression of body weights between female lambs and their parents have done. A complementary least body weights at 30 days and weaning between dams and lambs but utmost weight at 30 days, the lambs were higher while at weaning, the dams had higher weight. It can observe that the averages on body weights the rams were the highest, followed by lambs and the lowest the dams? body weights. The coefficient of determination of R2 varies from low to high, indicating that the lamb's body weight has more influenced by other factors that we have not considered. There were significant correlations between lamb body weight at birth and sire/dam body weight at birth. The results showed highly significant correlations of lamb's body weight at 30 days with dams but with sires, positive and very low. There had positive but no significant correlation between lamb body weight at weaning and sire body weight at weaning. Lamb body weight at weaning and dam body weight at weaning are highly correlated.
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Dai, Yun-fang. "“I should like to have my name talked of in China”: Charles Lamb, China, and Shakespeare." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 20, no. 35 (December 30, 2019): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.20.07.
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Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare played an essential role in Chinese reception history of Shakespeare. The first two adaptations in China,Xiewai qitan 澥外奇譚and Yinbian yanyu 吟邊燕語, chose Tales as the source text. To figure out why the Lambs’ Tales was received in China even earlier than Shakespeare’s original texts, this paper first focuses on Lamb’s relationship with China. Based on archival materials, it then assumes that the Lambs’ Tales might have had a chance to reach China at the beginning of the nineteenth century through Thomas Manning. Finally, it argues that the decision to first bring Shakespeare to China by Tales was made under the consideration of the Lambs’ writing style, the genre choice, the similarity of the Lambs’ and Chinese audiences, and the marketability of Tales. Tracing back to the first encounter between Tales and China throws considerable light on the reception history of Shakespeare in China. It makes sense that nothing is coincidental in the history of cultural reception and the encounters have always been fundamentally influenced by efforts from both the addresser and the receptor.
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MINAS (Α. ΜΗΝΑΣ), A., I. THANIOTIS (Η. ΘΑΝΙΩΤΗΣ), and P. CHAMILOPATIS (Π. ΧΑΜΗΛΟΠΑΤΗΣ). "The pattern of IgG concentration in neonatal lamb's sera from birth till 7th day (168th hour)." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 49, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15761.
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A quantitation of IgG was made, using R.I.D test, in blood sera of 15 newborn iambs. The quantity of IgG was measured in time intervals immediately after birth and before suckling till 168th hour after birth. Two lambs out of 15 have detectable amount of IgG in their sera before suckling. The maximum concentration of IgG in 11 lambs sera was measured 24 hours, in 3 lambs sera 36 hours, and in 1 lamb's serum 48 hours after birth, respectively. In three lambs out of 15, a percentage of 20%, the serum concentration of IgG was less than 30 mg/ml. One of these lambs died and another got ill 120 hours after birth.
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Rosa-Velazquez, Milca, Juan M. Pinos-Rodriguez, and Alejandro E. Relling. "31 Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid and methionine supplementation during late gestation on offspring growth, glucose tolerance test, and carcass characteristic in sheep." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.190.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), methionine (M) or both to ewes during late gestation on offspring growth, dry matter intake (DMI), carcass composition, and glucose and insulin metabolism (by conducting a glucose tolerance test (GTT)). Seventy-two post-weaned lambs (6 pens/treatment, 3 lambs/pen) born from ewes supplemented from gestation day 100 until lambing were used. Dam supplementation was: 1) no PUFA nor M supplementation (NFA-NM); 2) supplementation with PUFA (PUFA-NM, 1 % StrataG113); 3) supplementation with M (NFA-MET, 0.1 % rumen protected methionine, Smartamine); and 4) supplementation with PUFA and M (PUFA-MET). At weaning (60 days of age) lambs were fed a common finishing diet for 54 days, and DMI was measured daily. Lambs were weighed on weaning day (d0), d28, and d54. Twenty-four lambs (one per pen) were used for a GTT on d55. On d56, other 24 lambs were harvested for carcass characteristics measurements. Offspring data was analyzed as a 2x2x2 factorial (FA, M, and sex). Ewe supplementation affected (P < 0.1) lamb DMI. On d54 lambs born from No FA and methionine showed a greater DMI. There was a tendency for plasma glucose concentration for PUFA*MET*Time (P = 0.07) in the GGT. Lambs born from ewes supplemented with methionine had greater glucose concentration than NFA-NM born lambs, and lambs born from PUFA*MET had greater glucose concentration than the other lambs at 2m of the GGT. Dam MET supplementation decreased lamb’s insulin response (P = 0.06). Hot carcass weight (HCW) (P = 0.08) and Ribeye area (REA) (P = 0.02) were affected by treatment and sex. A tendency and a triple interaction FA*MET*Sex were observed; NFA-MET methionine had a greater HCW and a larger REA. In conclusion, lamb’s insulin response and carcass characteristics are affected by dam’s supplementation.
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Schreurs, N. M., P. R. Kenyon, F. J. Mulvaney, P. C. H. Morel, D. M. West, and S. T. Morris. "Response of additional ewe lamb liveweight during gestation on birth and weaning weight of offspring and liveweight of the ewe lamb at weaning." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09185.
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Increasing the liveweight of ewe lambs during gestation may have positive effects on lamb birthweight and weaning weight and also on ewe lamb liveweight at weaning. Specific times during the gestation period of the ewe lamb may be more responsive to improved nutrition and increases in liveweight. The objective of this work was to use a meta-analytic approach to investigate the effects of ewe lamb liveweight at mating and during pregnancy on lamb birth and weaning weights, and the ewe lamb’s liveweight at weaning. Increasing ewe lamb liveweight in early gestation and in particular before mating gave the greatest increases in the birth and weaning weight of the lambs, and also of the ewe lamb’s liveweight at weaning compared with increasing liveweight in the second and third trimester of gestation. This indicates that management practices for ewe lambs that generate higher liveweight at mating are likely to result in increased lamb survival, higher weaning percentages, greater lamb weaning weights and create rising 2-year-old ewes with better liveweight for mating in the subsequent season. Compared with ewe lambs that gave birth and reared singletons to weaning, those ewe lambs that gave birth to twins and reared twins had greater increases in lamb birthweights, lamb weaning weights and ewe lamb weights at weaning for each extra kilogram of ewe lamb liveweight during gestation. For ewe lambs, especially those that birth and rear twins, management options that increase the pre-mating weights will have the greatest response in lamb birthweight, weaning weight and liveweight of the ewe lamb itself at weaning.
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Cole, Leonard A., Brenda Natal, Adam Fox, Arthur Cooper, Cheryl A. Kennedy, Nancy D. Connell, Gregory Sugalski, Miriam Kulkarni, Michael Feravolo, and Sangeeta Lamba. "A Course on Terror Medicine: Content and Evaluations." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005579.
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AbstractIntroductionThe development of medical school courses on medical responses for disaster victims has been deemed largely inadequate. To address this gap, a 2-week elective course on Terror Medicine (a field related to Disaster and Emergency Medicine) has been designed for fourth year students at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School in Newark, New Jersey (USA). This elective is part of an overall curricular plan to broaden exposure to topics related to Terror Medicine throughout the undergraduate medical education.RationaleA course on Terror Medicine necessarily includes key aspects of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, though the converse is not the case. Courses on Disaster Medicine may not address features distinctively associated with a terror attack. Thus, a terror-related focus not only assures attention to this important subject but to accidental or naturally occurring incidents as well.MethodsThe course, implemented in 2014, uses a variety of teaching modalities including lectures, videos, and tabletop and hands-on simulation exercises. The subject matter includes biological and chemical terrorism, disaster management, mechanisms of injury, and psychiatry. This report outlines the elective’s goals and objectives, describes the course syllabus, and presents outcomes based on student evaluations of the initial iterations of the elective offering.ResultsAll students rated the course as “excellent” or “very good.” Evaluations included enthusiastic comments about the content, methods of instruction, and especially the value of the simulation exercises. Students also reported finding the course novel and engaging.ConclusionAn elective course on Terror Medicine, as described, is shown to be feasible and successful. The student participants found the content relevant to their education and the manner of instruction effective. This course may serve as a model for other medical schools contemplating the expansion or inclusion of Terror Medicine-related topics in their curriculum.ColeLA, NatalB, FoxA, CooperA, KennedyCA, ConnellND, SugalskiG, KulkarniM, FeravoloM, LambaS. A course on Terror Medicine: content and evaluations. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):98–101.
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Yagoubi, Yathreb, Samir Smeti, Samia Ben Saïd, Houssem Srihi, Ilyes Mekki, Mokhtar Mahouachi, and Naziha Atti. "Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Fat-Tailed Lambs Fed Rosemary Residues as a Part of Concentrate." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030655.
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Facing climate change implications on feeds unavailability, unconventional resources are being considered with a growing interest such as aromatic plant distillation residues with a two-fold object, enhancing meat quality by increasing the antioxidant properties and reducing feed prices which are often imported though expensive. Hence, this study aims to assess the effects of rosemary distillation residues (RR) incorporation in concentrate associated to two nitrogen sources as a substitute for standard concentrate on lamb’s growth, carcass traits and meat quality. For this, 24 Barbarine male lambs (3 months old, 17.83 ± 2.6 kg body weight) were divided into three groups. All lambs received individually 600 g of oat hay as roughage and 600 g of standard concentrate for control group, 600 g of concentrate based on RR and soybean meal for RRS group and 600 g of concentrate based on RR and faba bean for RRF group. After 65 days of experiment, all lambs were slaughtered. Phenolic and tocopherol intakes were significantly higher for both RR groups compared to control (p < 0.05). Growth, carcass weights, dressing percentages and non-carcass component weights were unaffected by the diet (p > 0.05). Moreover, regional and tissular compositions and meat physical properties were similar irrespective of the diet (p > 0.05). All color parameters were similar among groups (p > 0.05). However, meat produced by lambs receiving RR-based concentrate was richer on vitamin E and polyphenol contents than control lambs (p < 0.05). Rosemary by-products may substitute the standard concentrate resulting in similar lamb’s growth and carcass traits, while improving meat quality by increasing vitamin E content, which could improve its antioxidant power.
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Mambela, Sambira. "KEPERAGAAN DALAM MENGATASI ANAK LAMBAN MEMAHAMI PELAJARAN." Buana Pendidikan: Jurnal Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan 14, no. 26 (October 26, 2018): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/bp.vol14.no26.a1681.
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Kapasitas anak dalam belajar di sekolah berbeda-beda atau bervariasi, kemampuan untuk memahami pelajaranpun berbeda antara anak yang satu dengan yang lain. Dapat dipastikan bahwa dalam suatu kelas akan ditemukan anak yang cepat, biasa, dan lambat dalam memahami pelajaran. Sering terjadi, guru memilih dan menerapkan pendekatan, metode dan strategi pembelajaran yang sama pada anak yang cepat, biasa, dan lambat memahami pelajaran, bahkan pencapaian tujuan dan kemajuan belajar hanya didasarkan pada kemampuan dan kemajuan belajar anak yang cepat memahami pelajaran. Akhirnya anak yang lambat dalam memahami pelajaran akan sulit mengimbangi kemampuan belajar anak yang cerdas dan cepat dalam belajar. Anak yang cerdas dan cepat memahami pelajaran saja yang selalu menapat nilai yang tinggi, nilai anak yang lambat memahami pelajaran selalu rendah dan bahkan di beri label bodoh. Bagaimana cara Mengatasi Anak yang lambat memahami dan atau lambat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran ? Salah satu yang dapat dilakukan guru adalah membelajarkan mereka (anak lambat belajar) dengan prinsip dan metode keperagaan, artinya dengan prinsip ini guru dalam mengajar terutama tentang hal-hal yang verbal atau abstrak guru selalu berusaha mengkonkritkan dengan peragaan-peragaan. Dengan demikian anak akan terbantu, dengan kata lain alat peraga akan membantu anak lamban belajar untuk mengatasi kesalahpahaman dan kesalahan dalam menangkap penjelasan lisan/verbal.
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Claffey, Noel A., Alan G. Fahey, Vasiliki Gkarane, Aidan P. Moloney, Frank J. Monahan, and Michael G. Diskin. "Effect of forage to concentrate ratio and duration of feeding on growth and feed conversion efficiency of male lambs." Translational Animal Science 2, no. 4 (June 19, 2018): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy071.
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Abstract Rations (DM basis) for spring-born male lambs consisting of concentrates ad libitum (CON), 50:50 (50% concentrate:50% forage), and forage ad libitum (FORG) were evaluated across feeding periods of three durations (36, 54, and 72 d). Lambs on CON diets were offered ad libitum access to concentrate along with 400 g of fresh weight silage (daily), while 50:50 diets were offered 0.9 and 3.0 kg of concentrate and silage, respectively. Lambs on FORG were offered ad libitum access to 25.5% DM silage. These rations were fed to 99 spring-born male Texel cross Scottish Blackface lambs which were assigned to a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Lambs were slaughtered following completion of their respective treatments. Lambs fed CON diets had greater ADG, FCE, and carcass weight (P < 0.001) and carcasses with greater conformation score (P < 0.001) than lambs fed 50:50 or FORG diets. Duration of feeding had no effect on production variables across all three concentrate inclusion levels. It was concluded that the inclusion of concentrates is needed to adequately finish lambs fed indoors. Feeding lamb’s 50:50 diets resulted in modest responses and may be a viable option for finishing lambs or to maintain growth in lambs when the cost of concentrate feed is high relative to the financial return on the lamb meat.
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Rurak, D. W., S. Fay, and N. C. Gruber. "Measurement of rest and activity in newborn lambs using actigraphy: studies in term and preterm lambs." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 3 (2008): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd07149.
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The present study used actigraphy to monitor rest–activity cycles in lambs. We employed an Actiwatch Activity Monitor, which was secured on the lamb’s neck in 13 term lambs and six preterm lambs. Activity measurements began on the day of delivery and lasted for 7.3 ± 0.7 days. All lambs exhibited bouts of activity, lasting from ~2 to 60 min, separated by periods of inactivity of about equal duration. There was a progressive increase in the frequency and intensity of activity bouts with age, and a decrease in duration. In relation to postnatal age, preterm lambs had a significantly lower frequency and intensity of activity bouts compared with term lambs and significantly longer mean active bout duration. However, in relation to post-conceptual age, preterm animals were less active at birth, but thereafter the trajectory for activity development was steeper compared with the term lambs. These differences between term and preterm lambs may be due to several factors including differences in: (1) the lengths of time the two groups spent in utero and as neonates as a proportion of the perinatal period, which could influence the rate of muscle and bone growth; (2) prenatal and postnatal hormonal profiles; and (3) maternal care. We also found differences in postnatal motility in male and female lambs, with the trajectory of activity increasing in males at Days 4–5, which could be due, in part at least, to sex differences in both prenatal and postnatal hormonal profiles.
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Schreurs, N. M., P. R. Kenyon, P. C. H. Morel, and S. T. Morris. "Meta-analysis to establish the response of having heavier mature ewes during gestation on the birthweight of the lamb and the weaning weight of the ewe and lamb." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11292.
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There is much uncertainty about feeding ewes to maximise the performance of progeny and of the ewe itself to weaning. This includes questions about feeding the ewe to influence the lamb’s birthweight for lamb survival, feeding to augment the ewe’s lactation to maximise the lamb’s growth potential before weaning and feeding the ewe to increase the probability of having multiple offspring. The objective of this study was to carry out a meta-analytic study to consider the response of having heavier mature ewes during gestation on lamb and ewe performance measured by birth and weaning weights. The birthweight of singleton lambs was the greatest, twins were intermediate and triplets the lowest (5.8, 4.8 and 4.1 kg, respectively; P < 0.001). A similar trend (P < 0.001) was observed for the weaning weight of the lamb (29.1, 25.2 and 23.7 kg for lambs weaned as a single, twin or triplet, respectively). The liveweight of ewe at weaning was greater (P < 0.001) for those ewes that failed to wean a lamb (69.6 kg) or weaned a single lamb (67.8 kg) compared with ewes that weaned twin and triplet lambs (64.8 and 65.3 kg; respectively). A greater ewe liveweight during gestation gave different responses on the lamb birthweight, lamb weaning weight and the weaning weight of the ewe and this was dependent on birth and weaning rank category of the lamb (P < 0.05). Overall, the response of heavier ewes on lamb birthweights and ewe and lamb weaning weights was small compared with the effect of birth and weaning rank of the lamb.
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Camm, E. J., M. E. Gibbs, M. L. Cock, S. M. Rees, and R. Harding. "Assessment of learning ability and behaviour in low birthweight lambs following intrauterine growth restriction." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 12, no. 4 (2000): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd99092.
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The present study used behavioural tasks to assess learning ability and behaviour in postnatal lambs, and to examine the effects of low birthweight (LBW) and age on subsequent performance. It was hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and LBW lead to learning and behavioural deficits in the early postnatal period. IUGR and LBW were induced by umbilico-placental embolization from 120 days of gestational age (g.a.) to the onset of labour. Behavioural studies were performed on 6 LBW and 6 control lambs between 2 and 6 weeks after birth. LBW lambs were born at 139 1 days g.a. (2.4 0.2 kg) and control lambs were born at 149 1 days g.a. (4.5 0.4 kg). Three tasks were used to assess the learning ability and behaviour of the lambs: a simple maze, an obstacle course, and a T-maze. LBW lambs took longer to complete the simple maze at all ages, and made a greater number of errors at Week 1 of testing compared to control lambs; the total trial duration and number of errors decreased with age for both groups. In the obstacle course, the times taken to complete the first and third trials were used for analysis; a decrease in trial time and the number of errors from Trial 1 to Trial 3 were indications of the lamb’s ability to learn how to negotiate the objects within the course. LBW lambs recorded longer trial durations for the first trial at Week 5 of testing, and for the third trial at Week 4. LBW lambs made more errors for the first trial at Week 5 of testing than control lambs. In the T-maze, there was no significant effect of treatment or age. It was concluded that differences between the groups may have been the result of LBW lambs being prematurely born. The value of these tasks in the assessment of learning ability and behaviour in young lambs is discussed.
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Santos, Alejandra Filippo Gonzalez Neves dos, Pedro Ribeiro de Oliveira Carrera, Marcos Aronovich, and Luciano Neves dos Santos. "Preferência alimentar de juvenis de lambari-cachorro, Oligosarcus hepsetus, em relação a duas espécies de presas de peixe em ambiente controlado." Ciência Rural 44, no. 2 (February 2014): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782014000200018.
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O presente trabalho foi baseado em dados pretéritos sobre a dieta natural do lambari-cachorro Oligosarcus hepsetus em um reservatório do Sudeste brasileiro, e com isso foi testada a preferência alimentar desse carnívoro, a partir de experimentos com microcosmos. Os experimentos foram realizados em aquários, em janeiro de 2011. Os predadores foram coletados em um tributário do Rio Paraíba do Sul, enquanto as presas: Tilápia rendalli e o lambari, Astyanax fasciatus, foram adquiridas em pisciculturas. Foi testada a preferência alimentar do lambari-cachorro quanto ao tamanho das presas e às espécies-presa e os resultados foram relacionados com a energia da presa. O lambari-cachorro predou tilápia de menores comprimentos (CT) e alturas do corpo (AC), ao passo que não foi observado um padrão evidente de consumo de lambaris. Nos experimentos com CT padronizado, lambari-cachorro consumiu preferencialmente tilápias a lambaris, enquanto, nos experimentos com AC padronizada, não foram detectadas preferências no consumo por determinada espécie-presa. Diferenças energéticas entre espécies-presa parecem importar menos que diferenças morfológicas na preferência alimentar do lambari-cachorro.
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Claffey, Noel A., Alan G. Fahey, Vasiliki Gkarane, Aidan P. Moloney, Frank J. Monahan, and Michael G. Diskin. "Effect of breed and castration on production and carcass traits of male lambs following an intensive finishing period." Translational Animal Science 2, no. 4 (June 15, 2018): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy070.
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Abstract The practice of crossbreeding using a terminal sire and the use of intact rather than castrated animals has the potential to increase the productivity of lambs produced from the hill sheep sector. The objective of this study was to compare the production and carcass characteristics of purebred Scottish Blackface (SB) and Texel cross Scottish Blackface (TXSB) ram and wether lambs fed on a concentrate diet and slaughtered at different ages. Two hundred spring born male lambs (average birth age ± SD 9.53 d) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two breeds SB (n = 100) and TXSB (n = 100) and two sexes (wether: n = 100 and ram: n = 100). Lambs were harvested following a 36 d ad libitum concentrate indoor finishing period. The study was carried out over five harvest batches between October and April. The mean ages of the lambs at harvest (n = 40; 20 TXSB and 20 SB lambs) in October, November, January, March, and April were 196, 242, 293, 344, and 385 days, respectively The TXSB lambs were heavier at slaughter than SB lambs (P < 0.001), and ram lambs were heavier at slaughter than wether lambs (P < 0.01). Improved ADG (P < 0.001), lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (which was calculated by dividing total feed intake by total weight gain; P < 0.001), and higher feed intake (P < 0.05) were recorded in TXSB lambs with consistency across the five harvest time points. Rams had greater ADG (P < 0.001) and FCR (P < 0.05) compared with wether lambs, and no differences were observed between sexes for feed intake. The TXSB (P < 0.001) lambs had higher (P < 0.001) dressing percentages compared with SB, while wether lambs had greater dressing percentages compared with rams. The TXSB lambs had heavier carcass weights (P < 0.001) with higher conformation grades (P < 0.001) and less fat cover (P < 0.001) than SB lambs, while ram lambs had heavier (P < 0.001) carcasses than wether lambs. There was greater fat cover on the loin muscles of SB (P < 0.001) and wether (P < 0.001) lambs compared with TXSB and ram lambs, respectively. The results from this study suggest that TXSB lamb’s offer hill sheep farmers a potential strategy for improved lamb production efficiency, while ram lambs offer lamb finishers increased growth rates, higher FCR, and produce a more desirable carcass than do wether lambs.
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O'Connor, C. E., and A. B. Lawrence. "Relationships between lamb vigour and maternal behaviour on sucking success at parturition." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018183.
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High perinatal mortality in sheep flocks worldwide remains a major economic and welfare issue. Maternal behaviour and lamb vigour are both considered major variables affecting lamb survival, but there is little data to describe their relative importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between lamb vigour and maternal behaviour at parturition. With the increase in hill ewes being crossed to longwool breeds there is an interest in the relative survivability of these lambs. This study compared the behaviour of Mule [Bluefaced Leicester x Blackface] lambs with purebred Scottish Blackface lambs.Data on 32 third parity single and twin-bearing Blackface ewes lambing indoors were collected by focal animal observations on the ewe's grooming behaviour. These observations included details of the time spent grooming specific areas of the lamb's body and also general activity and udder-seeking behaviour of the lambs. Observations lasted 10 minutes and were made at parturition and then at 30 and 90 minute intervals. The data was transformed by arcsin. for proportions, or log, for frequencies, and analysed by Analysis of Variance,
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Torres Fajardo, Rafael Arturo, Mónica Andrea Cardozo-Herrán, Ramón Cámara-Sarmiento, Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro, Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta, and Pedro Geraldo González-Pech. "Can the energetic supplementation of ewes influence the behavioral performance of their newborn lambs?" Ciencia y Agricultura 17, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v17.n2.2020.10790.
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The present work evaluated the effect of an energetic supplement (an extra 15% of the requirement) intake during the last month of gestation on the suckling behavior of neonatal lambs born from these ewes. The study was performed in a semi-intensive and commercial flock under hot sub humid tropical conditions. 12 Pelibuey ewes and their 20 newborn lambs were included. Five lamb behaviors were evaluated: number of vocalizations (NV), attempts to stand up (ASU), latency to keep stands (LKS), started looking for the udder (SLU) and achieved an effective suckling (AES). Twelve lambs conformed the control group [CG] and came from seven ewes which received an energetic supplementation of 7.37 megajoules of metabolizable energy per day (MJ EM/d). Likewise, eight lambs conformed the treatment group [TG] and came from five ewes which received a high energetic supplementation of 10.85 MJ EM/d. Both groups of ewes gave birth simultaneously. Response variables were initially categorized in low-or-high intensity using their quartile distribution and considering the median value as the reference point and analyzed post-hoc with the Fisher test. Behaviors of high and low intensity in lambs were similar in four of the five variables observed for both treatments. A significant difference was observed in the frequency of ASU, in lambs born from treated ewes when compared with lambs born from control ewes (P = 0.0281). The present results suggest that under semi-extensive breeding systems, the extra supplementation of ewes at 15 % of their energetic requirements during the last pregnancy month is reflected just in a slight improvement of the lamb’s behaviors.
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Hayes, R. V., C. S. Lamb, and Patricia M. Colgrove. "Determination of herbage intake of suckling lambs using long-chain n-alkanes as markers." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015919.
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The n-alkanes of grass outioular wax (odd-chain, C25- C25) can be used simultaneously with dosed n-alkanes (C28or C32) as markers for estimating the herbage intake of grazing sheep if the faecal recoveries of both herbage and dosed markers are the same. In adult sheep the accuracy of herbage intake estimation is not affected by the inclusion of concentrate in the diet as long as the intake and alkane concentrations of the concentrate are known. If, similarly, the ingestion of milk does not interfere with the relative absorption of dosed and herbage alkanes the herbage intake of suckling lambs at pasture could be estimated. To evaluate the potential of the technique in suckling lambs the faecal recoveries of odd-chain herbage n-alkanes and of dosed dotriacontane (C32) were determined in lambs offered eves’ milk and freshly cut herbage.From 2 weeks of age seven individually-housed male lambs received 1 kg/day homogenised ewes’ milk (166 g/day dry matter (DM)) in 4 feeds from an automatic feeder. The milk Has obtained by daily hand-milking of East Friesland ewes and was stored at -20° until used. Freshly cut perennial ryegrass was offered to the lambs ad libitum from the age of 4 weeks. A 6-day total collection of faeces was carried out when the lamba were 10 weeks of age.
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Slee, J., S. P. Simpson, A. W. Stott, J. C. Williams, and D. E. Samson. "An improved water-bath test to study effects of age and previous sucking on metabolic rate and resistance to cold in newborn lambs." Animal Science 50, no. 2 (April 1990): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100004773.
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ABSTRACTDifferent procedures for measuring cold resistance and metabolic rate of newborn lambs were evaluated by varying the extent of induced hypothermia, the rate of cooling and the method of rewarming. Relatively fast cooling followed by a simple self-rewarming procedure proved harmless and satisfactory.The effect of age, from birth up to 2 weeks, on thermoregulation was studied. There was no difference in cold resistance between 0·5 h and 30 h after birth, and between 1 day and 2 weeks after birth, despite a large increase in insulation, body weight and coat depth over this period. Weight-specific resting metabolic rate and cold-induced peak metabolic rate similarly did not change significantly in the first 30 h, although resting metabolic rate tended to be lower at birth than at 30 h of age. Peak metabolic rate decreased significantly between 1 day and 2 weeks of age.The effect of fasting, for 3 to 4 h after birth, on thermoregulation was also studied. Cold resistance and peak metabolic rate were not significantly affected by fasting. Recovery from hypothermia was slightly slower in fasted lambs.These results may reflect the newborn lamb's initial reliance on heat production derived from brown fat and non-shivering thermogenesis. Older lambs, which benefit from better insulation, rely more upon shivering. Fasted lambs showed a tendency to rely more on insulation and slightly less on heat production than suckled lambs.
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Cooper, J. J., G. A. Emmans, and N. C. Friggens. "Effect of Diet on Behaviour of Individually Penned Sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026064.
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A number of abnormal activities had been observed in a group of 30 lambs (R lambs; 10 Shetland (SH),10 Scottish Blackface (SB) and 10 Welsh Mountain (WM), half females and half entire males), on a restricted allowance (about mature maintenance intake and 0.5 of ad libitum intake), of a high quality pelleted diet (Diet A; 200g/kg crude protein, HMJ/kg ME). The lambs had been individually housed since 8 weeks of age, in pens (2m x lm), made up of metal barred gates with wooden slatted floors. Abnormal oral activities included some that caused obvious husbandry problems, such as wool-biting and slat chewing, and others which caused no overt damage, but may nevertheless be associated with impaired welfare (Cooper and Nicol 1993), such as bar-biting and repetitive licking. In a preliminary observation at 22 weeks of age, lambs only ate in the hour following food presentation (Fig 1), after which all of the allowance had been eaten, and abnormal oral activities were recorded in 30% of scans. Similar repetitive activities, described as “stereotypies” have been associated with food restriction in dry sows (Appleby and Lawrence 1987). In a series of observations, we investigated the effect of increasing weight and nutrient value of the lamb's diet on the incidence of oral stereotypies, whilst minimising any influence on the ongoing feed trial.
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Radzik-Rant, Aurelia, Witold Rant, Gabriela Sosnowiec, Marcin Świątek, Roman Niżnikowski, and Żaneta Szymańska. "The effect of genotype and muscle type on the physico-chemical characteristics and taurine, carnosine and L-carnitine concentration in lamb meat." Archives Animal Breeding 63, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-63-423-2020.
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Abstract. An experiment was conducted to determine the chosen bioactive components and physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat of different animal genotypes and the muscle types. The 22 ram lambs of Polish Merino (PM) and 22 crossbreeds of Polish Merino × Berrichone du Cher (PMB) were fattened to achieve their slaughter weight of 40 kg. After slaughter, the carcasses were kept at 4 ∘C for 24 h. Then, the samples of longissimus lumborum (LL) and gluteus medius (GM) muscle were collected to analyse the physico-chemical traits; fatty acid profile; and concentrations of taurine, carnosine, L-carnitine. The GM muscle compared to LL had the higher value (P < 0.05) of L* and a lower value (P < 0.05) of b* and H* both in PM and PMB lambs. The value of expressed juice was lower (P < 0.05) in both LL and GM muscles of PM lambs. A higher amount (P < 0.05) of collagen was found in LL muscle compared to GM both in PM and PMB lambs. The GM muscle of PM lambs showed higher (P < 0.05) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, as well as higher total polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs), PUFA n-6, and PUFA n-3 (P < 0.05). The GM muscle was characterized by a higher (P < 0.05) content of taurine, while in the LL muscle there was a higher amount (P < 0.05) of carnosine. A larger amount (P < 0.05) of L-carnitine was found in GM muscle but only within PMB lambs. The obtained results showed a greater impact of the lamb's genotype on the physical characteristics of meat than on its chemical composition and the content of bioactive components. The muscle type had an effect on meat colour; collagen content; fatty acid profile; and amount of taurine, carnosine, and L-carnitine present.
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Aktaş, A. H., Ş. Dursun, Ş. Doğan, Z. Kiyma, U. Demirci, and İ. Halıcı. "Effects of ewe live weight and age on reproductive performance, lamb growth, and survival in Central Anatolian Merino sheep." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-451-2015.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of premating ewe weight and age on ewe reproductive performance, lamb growth and survival in Central Anatolian Merino (CAM) sheep. <br><br> The trial included 4935 ewes and 5548 lambs from 23 breeder flocks in Eskişehir Province. The live weights (LWs) and ages of the ewes were recorded 1 week before the mating season. The number of lambs born, fertility rate, multiple birth rate (MBR), and lamb survival rate (SR) at days 75 and 120 were determined. The effects of the LW and age of the ewe were found to be important for the reproductive performance of ewes and for the lamb's growth rate (<i>P</i> < 0.05–0.001). Ewe MBRs and the birth weight (BW) and LW of the lambs at days 75 and 120 increased proportionally with the increase in LW in ewes prior to mating. The fertility rate and MBR were lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05–0.001) in 1.5-year-old ewes than in older ewes. However, lambs' SR at days 75 and 120 were not affected by the premating LW and age of the ewe. In summary, a better reproductive performance and lamb growth rate in CAM flocks may be achieved by the selection of breeding ewes from ewes weighing more than 60 kg.</p>
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Hergenhan, R. L., G. N. Hinch, and D. M. Ferguson. "Sire effects on neonatal lamb vigour and following-behaviour." Animal Production Science 54, no. 6 (2014): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13223.
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The ability of the lamb to maintain contact with the ewe as she moves away from the birth site is critical to the lamb’s subsequent survival. If this contact is compromised then lamb loss is likely to occur due to starvation/mismothering. This study uses sires from the Sheep CRC Information Nucleus Flock to compare the effect of selection of sires within the Merino breed for high or low losses due to starvation/mismothering on neonatal lamb vigour. Lamb vigour was measured using conventional measures of time to perform early neonatal behaviours, early physiological measures (rectal temperatures and blood glucose), and performance in a modified barrier test while under physiological stress from cold exposure. Lambs were exposed to cold at a time (4–6 h after birth) when the ewe is likely to be moving away from the birth site and therefore when losses due to starvation/mismothering are likely to begin. Progeny from the high-loss sires were significantly (P < 0.05) slower to attempt to stand, and to stand, than progeny from the no-loss sires and tended to be slower to reach the udder and suckle (P = 0.07). Lambs from the no-loss group also had a significantly (P < 0.01) higher vigour score than the high-loss group. There was no effect of sire group on the performance of lambs in the modified barrier test; however, cold-treated lambs performed poorly in the test compared with control lambs. It was concluded that sire can have an effect on lamb vigour, but it does not necessarily translate into effects on later following-behaviour while under stressful conditions.
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Viviers, Marlize Z., Jan P. I. Bekker, Barend V. Burger, Niel J. le Roux, John Morris, and Maritha le Roux. "Characterization of amniotic fluid of Dohne Merino ewes (Ovis aries) and its possible role in neonatal recognition." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 70, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2015): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2014-4120.
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Abstract Amniotic fluid (AF) was investigated as a possible source of the neonatal recognition cue that plays a crucial role in ewe–lamb bonding in sheep. A total of 70 of the 133 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), previously identified in the cranial wool of neonatal Dohne Merino lambs, was also identified in AF collected individually from neonatal twins. As in the case of the wool of neonatal lambs, the VOC profiles (GC-MS) of the AF of twins were remarkably similar. However, the VOC profiles of the AF differed from that of the wool VOCs of the same lambs. The VOCs that best represent the total variance in the AF and wool of neonatal lambs were not identified as ligands of the AF proteins. These observations suggest that it is unlikely that the neonatal recognition cue of sheep could be a maternal label derived from the AF in which a lamb is born, and that the neonatal recognition cue is probably produced by the lamb. Taking cognizance of the temporal changes that take place in the quantitative composition of the cranial wool VOCs, we hypothesize that components of the neonatal recognition cue are already produced by the lamb well before its birth and that the quantitative composition in which these volatiles are released into the AF does not correspond to the composition of the recognition cue of the lamb at its birth. When grooming the newborn lamb, its mother removes AF containing incorrect chemical information from her lamb’s body and this affords her enough time to learn its personal recognition cue.
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Vlková, E., M. Grmanová, V. Rada, I. Homutová, and S. Dubná. "Selection of probiotic bifidobacteria for lambs." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 12 (December 25, 2009): 552–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/151/2009-cjas.
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Twenty-six bifidobacteria were isolated from faecal samples of lambs. The isolates were identified, functional properties (survival ability at low pH and bile conditions) and antimicrobial activities against potential pathogens were determined. From the isolates with suitable properties (13 strains) rifampicin-resistant mutants were prepared by gradient plate techniques. This property enabled us to differentiate the administered organism from wild strains because resistance to rifampicin is rare among bifidobacteria. Rifampicin-resistant bifidobacteria (RRBifs) were administered to 3-days-old lambs in two trials. In the first trial the strain <i>B. ruminantium</i> L29 was applied to 3 lambs and was detected in faecal samples at high counts (6 log CFU/g on average) for one week. In the second trial 3 lambs received a “cocktail” of 12 strains and RRBifs survived in the intestinal tract at counts of about 6 log CFU/g for 25 days. The control group without probiotic treatment consisted of 6 animals. In both treated groups RRBifs dominated among bifidobacteria after their administration. Total bifidobacterial counts (5.64–7.32 log CFU/g) were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in treated groups compared to 2.31–2.85 log CFU/g detected in the control group during the first month of lamb life. Lactobacilli counts were also significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in treated groups compared to the control. The administered bifidobacteria did not affect any other monitored bacterial groups. On the basis of in vitro test results, suitable probiotic bifidobacterial strains for lambs were chosen. Some of them survived for 30 days in the gastrointestinal tract of treated lambs, but no tested strain was able to colonise the lamb’s tract permanently. The administration of bifidobacterial “cocktail” and consequent identification of the best survived strain seems to be an effective method for selection of potential probiotics.
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Yao, Dadui. "Shakespeare in Chinese as Christian Literature: Isaac Mason and Ha Zhidao’s Translation of Tales from Shakespeare." Religions 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10080452.
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The introduction of Shakespeare to China was through the Chinese translation of Mary and Charles Lamb’s adaptation of Shakespeare’s plays, Tales from Shakespeare. The Western missionaries’ Chinese translations of the Lambs’ adaptation have rarely been studied. Isaac Mason and his assistant Ha Zhidao’s 1918 translation of the Lambs’ book, entitled Haiguo Quyu (Interesting Tales from Overseas Countries), is one of the earliest Chinese versions translated by Christian missionaries. Although Mason was a Christian missionary and his translation was published by The Christian Literature Society for China, Mason adopted an indirect way to propagate Christian thoughts and rewrote some parts that are related to Christian belief. The rewriting is manifested in several aspects, including the use of four-character titles with Confucian ethical tendencies, rewriting paragraphs with hidden Christian ideas and highlighting themes closely related to Christian ethics, such as mercy, forgiveness and justice. While unique in its time, such a strategy of using the Chinese translation of Shakespeare for indirect missionary work had an impact on subsequent missionary translations.
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Gootwine, E. "Variability in the rate of decline in birth weight as litter size increases in sheep." Animal Science 81, no. 3 (December 2005): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc41160393.
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AbstractCarrying multiple foetuses leads to a decline in lamb birth weight. The rate of litter size-dependent birth weight decline (LSDBD) in a population can be obtained by calculating the linear relationship between the reciprocal of lamb's birth weight and the respective litter size. Based on published data on lamb birth weight and by using the reciprocal approach, LSDBD rate was calculated for 70 purebred and crossbred sheep populations in which birth weight of lambs born as singles ranged from 1·3 to 6·3 kg. High variability in LSDBD was found. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the variability of this trait.
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Ahmed, S., MRH Rakib, M. Yesmin, and M. Ershaduzamman. "Effect of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and lambs under semi intensive rearing system." Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research 26, no. 1-2 (October 25, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlr.v26i1-2.49936.
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The study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and their lambs until 1 year of age and the profitable slaughter age of lambs under semi intensive system. Twenty eight (28) native Bengal ewes at 7 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to four groups (T0, T1, T2, T3) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% of their body weight respectively. Ewes were allowed to graze 8 hours daily. Creep mixture (20 g/lamb/day) was provided to lambs from 2 weeks age with an increment of 10 g/lamb/week. After weaning, 20 growing male lambs were selected and reared 01 year of age with concentrate mixture at 1.5% of their body weight and 8 hours grazing irrespective of treatment groups. Parameters like, ewe’s litter size, daily milk yield, post-partum heat and lamb’s birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at 06, 09 and 12 months were recorded. The data were analyzed in an ANOVA with CRD by using SPSS v. 20. The mean differences were tested by DMRT at a probability level of P<0.05. After weaning, the lamb growths were analyzed considering age as fixed factor. Regression correlations among different parameters with different ages were also performed. Significantly higher daily milk yield (P<0.01), weaning weight (P<0.05) and daily weight gain of lamb until weaning (P<0.05) were observed in T2 group. Besides, lambs weight at 06, 09, and 12 months differ significantly (P<0.01) along with corresponding daily weight gain (P<0.05). Lambs daily weight gain did not differ significantly from weaning to 09 months of age but significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 09 to 12months age. Finally, it may be concluded that a concentrate diet containing 20% CP during late pregnancy to lactation should be supplied to obtain maximum performances of ewes and their lambs. Besides, native Bengal lamb would be slaughtered between 06 to 09 months of age to get maximum return.
Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 43-50
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Gómez, María Bettina, and Melina Castillo. "Wool quality and daily weight gain in native lambs from the Central Region of Argentina." Enero-Junio 2021 29, no. 1-2 (March 8, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53588/alpa.291203.
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The ovine population of the central Argentine territory is the result of constant introductions of different animal biotypes, which determined the existence of ovine populations with great variability. The main objective of the breeders is to produce a lamb for self-consumption and sale of surpluses, without considering the wool product. The production of a lamb for the market is compatible with the production of wool for the textile industry, having to evaluate the feasibility for the commercialization of lamb wool that they produce. This work aimed to provide information and tools to evaluate the quality of lamb’s wool and the evolution of the weight of lambs belonging to the native flocks of the area. Characterization of the productive systems was carried out, seeking to highlight the attributes of meat and wool of native lambs. The characteristics of wool and meat lamb product were evaluated under two treatments, either in free rage conditions or lambs supplemented under confinement. The analysis of the behaviour of the productive systems did not show significant differences between lamb biotypes, which allows affirming that the variation within an animal biotype is even more important than the expected one between biotypes. This indicates that both treatments can be used according to the particular situation of each productive unit. Therefore, it is possible to produce wool and meat of outstanding quality looking for the goodness of the wool produced and optimizing through proper handling practices the meat product.
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Mello, Raquel Rodrigues Costa, Elizângela Mirian Moreira, Daniel Montanher Polizel, Marcos Vinícius Castro Ferraz Júnior, Janaina Socolovski Biava, Evandro Maia Ferreira, and Alexandre Vaz Pires. "Wet citrus pulp in finishing diets for feedlot lambs:." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 57, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): e161434. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.161434.
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Pectin industry generates a citrus pulp residue compounded by peduncle, endocarp, juice vesicles, columella, seeds and tiny fractions of epicarp and mesocarp of citrus fruits, denominated Wet Citrus Pulp (WCP), which has not yet been tested as food for lamb’s nutrition. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of partial replacement of ground corn by WCP in high-concentrate diets on the performance and hepatic enzyme concentration of feedlot lambs. Forty-two male lambs (15 Santa Inês and 27 ½ Dorper × Santa Inês), with 24.7 ± 1.5 kg of BW and 60 ± 5 d of age was assigned to a randomized complete block design. Within blocks (n = 14), lambs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 0WCP (control) – diet containing 75.5% ground corn without WCP; 20WCP – diet containing 20% WCP in replacement of ground corn, and 40WCP – diet containing 40% WCP in replacement of ground corn. The experiment lasted 70 days, which was split in 3 experimental periods (14 days of diets’ adaptation and 2 sub-periods of 28 days each). Statistical analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure of the SAS. Orthogonal polynomials for diet response were determined by linear and quadratic effects. There was a quadratic effect for DM, CP, ash, ether extract and NFC intake The highest DM and CP intake was observed for lambs fed 20WCP, however, the control diet increased the ash, ether extract and NFC intake. The increased levels of WCP decreased the ADG and feed efficiency (FE) during the adaptation period, however, did not affect the ADG and FE on periods 1 and 2. Consequently, the increased levels of WCP inclusion decreased linearly the BW. There was no effect of WCP inclusion in diets on Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) concentration. However, there was a linear increase for Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) concentration during the adaptation period, but without difference in other periods. In conclusion, adding up to 40% of WCP in finishing diets for feedlot lambs decrease performance during adaptation period, compromising the final body weight, but without damages effects on liver enzymes.
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Chalupský, Petr. "When William Met Mary: The Rewriting of Mary Lamb’S and William-Henry Ireland’S Stories in Peter Ackroyd’S The Lambs Of London." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10121-012-0018-4.
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Abstract Peter Ackroyd’s London novels represent a distinctive component in his project of composing a literary-historical biography of the city. Understanding London as a multilayered palimpsest of texts, Ackroyd adds to this ongoing process by rewriting the city’s history from new, imaginative perspectives. For this he employs approaches and strategies such as parody, pastiche, genre mixture, metafiction, intertextuality and an incessant mixing of the factual with the fictititious. The aim of this article is to explore the various ways in which he toys with historical reality and blurs the borderline between fiction and biography in The Lambs of London (2004), offering thus an alternative rendering of two unrelated offences connected with late eighteenth and early nineteenth century London literary circles: Mary Lamb’s matricide and William-Henry Ireland’s forgeries of the Shakespeare Papers.
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Pena-Bermudez, Yuli A., Richard R. Lobo, Danny A. Rojas-Moreno, Mirele D. Poleti, Tamyres R. de Amorim, Alessandra F. Rosa, Angélica S. C. Pereira, Rafael S. B. Pinheiro, and Ives C. S. Bueno. "Effects of Feeding Increasing Levels of Yerba Mate on Lamb Meat Quality and Antioxidant Activity." Animals 10, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091458.
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The present study investigated the inclusion of yerba mate extract (YME) in the lamb’s diet on meat quality traits, antioxidant activity, and shelf-life. Thirty–six lambs were distributed according to a block design with the following groups: control group without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 1, 2, and 4% YME inclusion in the dry matter. The animals were fed these diets for 53 days. Samples were collected from the Longissimusthoracis (LT) muscle to analyze antioxidant activity and meat quality. Samples were placed on a counter display simulating a retail environment for 0, 3, and 6 days at 4 ± 2 °C. All data were analyzed using a MIXED model with orthogonal contrasts. Inclusion of 1 and 4% YME in the diet changed the yellow (b*) and the chroma (C*) of the meat (p ≤ 0.05). The pH, colour, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and carbonyl values were influenced by the retail display time for all the evaluated treatments (p ≤ 0.03). However, neither diet nor the retail display time influenced the oxidation of proteins or the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione activity (GSH) in meat. Therefore, the inclusion of 4% YME showed positive results in the yellow and colour stability parameters of the meat without increasing the lipid peroxidation values or altering the normal meat quality parameters in lambs.
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Rieu, Françoise, Gérard Fonty, and Philippe Gouet. "Colony counts and characterization of bacteria adherent to the rumen wall and desquamated epithelial cells in conventional young lambs." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-114.
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Characterization and enumeration of the adherent epimural community of the rumen wall of young, conventionally reared lambs were carried out from 2 to 21 days after birth. Three hundred strains were isolated by anaerobic procedures from three sites: dorsal, ventral, and caudal sacs, and from the sloughed epithelial cells. The population of epimural bacteria was very dense from the first days of the lamb's life. This population increased slightly with age. During the first week the counts were similar in the dorsal and ventral sacs, but they were 10 to 100 times lower in the caudal sac. Total counts for anaerobic bacteria were higher than the counts for aerobic bacteria. The isolated strains were distributed into 19 groups: 11 groups included aerotolerant strains, and 8 others, strictly anaerobic strains. During the first week the facultative microflora was mainly composed of Escherichia coli and Streptococci. Later, the epimural community was more complex and included Staphyloccus, Micrococcus, and Gaffkya. The strictly anaerobic microflora was mainly composed of Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Propionibacterium, and Acidaminococcus. Some of these strains appeared to be similar to those previously isolated from the rumen fluid of young lambs; however, the genera Micrococcus, Veillonella, Gaffkya, and Acidaminococcus, and E. coli seemed to be specific of the rumen wall tissues.Key words: rumen, lamb, microflora, rumen wall.
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Sardinha, Lairana A., Daniel M. Polizel, Alexandre A. Miszura, Arnaldo C. Limede, José P. R. Barroso, André S. Martins, Gabriela B. Oliveira, Evandro M. Ferreira, Janaina S. Biava, and Alexandre Vaz Pires. "PSX-25 Narasin inclusion and levels of forage on performance of feedlot lambs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.903.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to determinate the effects of forage levels and narasin inclusion on the performance of feedlot lambs. Forty-four lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design, defined by initial body weight (BW), in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was forage (coastcross hay) inclusion (10 or 20%, DM basis) and the second factor was narasin (0 or 13 ppm). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (17.4%, DM basis). The experiment lasted 112 days, divided into two periods of 56 d each. The lambs were weighed after a fasting period of 14 hours on days 0, 56, and 112. Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined in each period. Data were analyzed as repeated measures over time using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to obtain the means. The effects were considered significant when P < 0.05. There was no interaction between forage levels and narasin inclusion. Narasin did not affect the DMI, ADG, and FE. There was hay levels and period interaction for DMI and ADG. Increase levels of hay did not affect the DMI during the first period; however, 20% of hay inclusion increased DMI in the second period (1.16 vs 1.30 kg/d; P = 0.01). The inclusion of 10% of hay increased the ADG in the first period (0.28 vs 0.24 kg/d; P < 0.01), however, there was no effect in the second period. Consequently, 10% of forage inclusion increased the FE (0.23 vs 0.21; P = 0.01). In summary, diets containing 10% of forage improves the FE, and narasin inclusion did not affect the lamb’s performance.
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Labolo, Abdul Yunus. "SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENILAIAN KINERJA DOSEN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ADDITIVE RATIO ASSESSMENT (ARAS)." Simtek : jurnal sistem informasi dan teknik komputer 5, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51876/simtek.v5i1.69.
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Penilaian Kinerja Dosen merupakan suatu yang sangat penting khususnya bagi Dosen di lingkup Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mendorong motivasi serta profesionalisme Dosen dalam peningkatan proses kinerja baik pengajaran, Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. Walaupun selama ini dalam pelaksanaannya berjalan dengan lancar tetapi tentunya perlu adanya pengembangan penilaian kinerja dalam bentuk teknologi. Sehingga Penilaian Kinerja Dosen tidak menjadi lamban dan mengalami kesulitan, Kriteria penilaian terkadang membuat pengolahan data untuk menentukan Kinerja Dosen menjadi lambat. Dalam proses perancangan aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan penentuan Kinerja Dosen Terbaik ini menggunakan pendekatan ARAS. Metode ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) merupakan salah satu metode pengambilan keputusan multikriteria berdasarkan pada konsep perangkingan menggunakan utility degree yaitu dengan membandingkan nilai indeks keseluruhan setiap alternative terhadap nilai indeks keseluruhan alternative optimal. Sistem pendukung keputusan ini dapat memberikan keputusan alternatif terpilih yang nantinya dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan untuk menentukan Kinerja Dosen terbaik. Sistem ini dirancang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MySQL sebagai database.
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Yagoubi, Yathreb, and Naziha Atti. "Effects of the fat-tailed ewes' body condition scores at lambing on their metabolic profile and offspring growth." Archives Animal Breeding 63, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-63-183-2020.
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Abstract. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) of fat-tailed Barbarine ewes at lambing on their metabolic profile around parturition and lamb's growth. The experiment was carried out on 69 Barbarine ewes, divided into three groups according to BCS, which were inferior to 2, between 2 and 2.5 and superior to 2.5 for the thin, middle and fat group, respectively. Along the trial, all groups received the same dietary treatment based on hay, pasture and concentrate. Birth weight (Bi-W), weights at 30 and 70 d (W30 and W70) and average daily gains (ADGs) of lambs were recorded. Metabolites were determined at late pregnancy and at the beginning of lactation. Ewes' BCS at lambing had no effect on lambs' Bi-W (P>0.05), which was 3.8, 3.8 and 3.9 kg, respectively, for thin, middle and fat groups. However, W30, W70 and ADG increased with a mother's BCS. A positive correlation between lamb growth parameters and ewe body weight and BCS at weaning was recorded. Energetic metabolites (glucose and triglycerides) and proteic metabolites (creatinine, total protein and urea) were similar among groups according to BCS but significantly different between pregnancy and lactation stages except triglycerides and urea. In conclusion, BCS may be used as dietary management tool during ewe lactation. With the transition from pregnancy to lactation, the content of some metabolites has changed irrespective of BCS; this aspect needs more investigations.
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Gougoulis, D. A., I. Kyriazakis, V. S. Mavrogianni, I. A. Fragkou, J. Skoufos, A. Tzora, I. A. Taitzoglou, A. N. Kokoli, and G. C. Fthenakis. "Patterns of maternal-offspring behaviour of dairy sheep and potential association with mammary health." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07013.
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Behaviour during lactation and its relationship with mammary health was investigated in 12 dairy ewes (six with single lambs and six with twins) for 42 d after lambing. Behavioural recordings were made. Samples of teat duct material and of mammary secretion were collected for bacteriological and cytological examination. Ewes performed similar patterns of behaviour as those described in the literature for meat breeds, but with some differences. No negative maternal behaviours were observed; ewes showed reduced “Grooming” and “Sniffing” immediately post-partum. Of 480 duct or secretion samples, 39 and 3, respectively (P < 0.001), yielded bacteria. There was no difference in the frequency of bacterial isolation from ewes suckling singles or twins: 46 and 54% of isolates, respectively (P = 0.637). There was greater frequency of bacterial isolation during the first stage of lactation (day 0–day 3), 0.125, compared with the second (day 4– day 11), 0.083, the third (day 12–day 30), 0.063, and the fourth (day 31–day 42), 0.069 (P < 0.001). There was also greater frequency of positive California Mastitis Test scores during the first stage of lactation, 0.917, compared with that in stages 2 (0.550), 3 (0.140) and 4 (0.181) (P < 0.001). There was decreasing duration of “Sucking attempt” and “Successful suck” throughout lactation (P < 0.05). There was increasing frequency of “Hindering sucking” and of “Head up posture” from first to subsequent stages of lactation (P = 0.038 and P = 0.002), whilst “Hindering sucking” coincided with end of “Sucking bouts” of lambs. It is concluded that termination of lamb’s sucking activity by the ewe when her mammary glands have been emptied may prevent damage to the teat and likely development of mastitis. Furthermore, frequent and longer sucking events by lambs during early lactation, may contribute to increased bacterial recoveries from mammary glands of ewes. Key words: Sheep, maternal behaviour, mastitis, sucking, post-partum period, lactation, mammary infection
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Lewis-Smith, Ronald I. "I.M. Lamb's unpublished contribution to Antarctic lichenology." Nova Hedwigia 70, no. 3-4 (May 1, 2000): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/70/2000/491.
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Navarro, Fernanda Keley Silva Pereira, Rodrigo Diana Navarro, Luis David Solis Murgas, Marina Apocalypse Nogueira Pereira, and Guilherme Crispim Hundley. "Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and gonadal maturation of lambari females under different photoperiods." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, no. 8 (August 2013): 1064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2013000800036.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of photoperiod on luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma levels and gonadal maturation of lambari females. One hundred and twenty adult lambaris, distributed into 12 aquaria of 20 L each, were randomly subjected to three different treatments, in a completely randomized design, and four replicates. Treatments were photoperiods in hours of light (L) and darkness (D): T1, 0 L:24 D; T2, 12 L:12 D; T3, 24 L:0 D. After 40 days, fish were subjected to fasting for 24 hours and, then, anesthetized. Immediately after slaughter, fish were weighed, and their gonads and livers were removed and weighed. Ovaries were weighed and immersed in Bouin's fixative solution for 24 hours and, then, kept in 70% alcohol until processing the material. Subsequently, the oocyte developmental stage was determined. No significant differences were observed between treatments for final weight, ovary weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and LH levels. In all treatments, lambari females showed maturing ovaries with prevalence of vitellogenic oocytes. Photoperiod does not affect the LH levels and ovarian maturation in lambari females.
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Brian, Anthea. "Lammas Meadows." Landscape History 15, no. 1 (January 1993): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01433768.1993.10594458.
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Rizkya, Sahila. "STUDI KELIMPAHAN GASTROPODA (Lambis spp.) PADA DAERAH MAKROALGA DI PULAU PRAMUKA, KEPULAUAN SERIBU." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 1, no. 1 (October 4, 2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v1i1.231.
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Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2012 di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling artinya sesuai dengan namanya, sampel diambil dengan maksud atau tujuan tertentu. Kuadran transek berukuran 1 x 1 m diletakkan jarak 10 meter dari satu plot ke plot berikutnya dengan arah tegak lurus garis pantai sampai ke tubir atau daerah yang pertumbuhan makroalganya sangat jarang, kemudian dengan menggunakan line transek sepanjang 100 meter ditarik tegak lurus dari garis pantai ke arah tubir. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah kelimpahan Lambis yang didapatkan pada Pulau Pramuka selama penelitian seluruhnya ada 21 individu, dengan jumlah total pada Stasiun 1 yaitu 11 individu, pada Stasiun 2 dengan jumlah 2 individu dan Stasiun yang ke 3 dengan jumlah 8 individu. Spesies Lambis spp. yang ditemukan saat penelitian yaitu Lambis crocata, Lambis lambis, Lambis scorpius, dan Lambis chiragra dengan komposisi Lambis crocata 52 %, Lambis lambis 29 %, Lambis scorpius 14 % dan yang paling rendah yaitu Lambis chiragra dengan 5 %. Jenis-jenis makroalga yang ditemukan adalah spesies Sargassum sp, Halimeda sp, Padina sp, Caulerpa sp dan Euchema sp.Kata kunci : Gastropoda (Lambis spp.), Makroalga, Pulau PramukaAbstractThe study was conducted on April 2012 at Pramuka Island, Seribu Island, Jakarta. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method means that as the name suggests, the samples were taken with the intent or purpose. Transect quadrant 1 x 1 m placed a distance of 10 meters from one plot to the next plot in the direction perpendicular to the shoreline or the edge of a growth area macroalgae very rarely, and then using the line transect along the 100 meter perpendicular drawn from the shoreline to the edge. The results obtained are found in abundance Lambis the Pramuka Island during the study a total of 21 individuals, with the total at Station 1 is 11 individuals, at Station 2 with 2 individuals and the number of stations 3 were 8 individuals. Species of Lambis spp. found during the study are Lambis crocata, Lambis lambis, Lambis scorpius, and Lambis chiragra with the composition Lambis crocata 52%, Lambis lambis 29%, Lambis scorpius 14% and the lowest is Lambis chiragra by 5%. The species of macroalgae found are Sargassum sp, Halimeda sp, Padina sp, Caulerpa sp and Euchema sp.Keywords : Gastropods (Lambis spp.), Macroalgae, Pramuka Island
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Rahimi, S. M., S. A. Rafat, and S. Jafari. "Effects of environmental factors on growth traits in Makuie sheep." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 30, no. 2 (2014): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1402185r.
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The Makuie sheep is a fat-tailed sheep breed which can be found in the Azerbaijan province of Iran. non-genetic parameters obtained from data collected from 1993 to 2012 Makuie sheep research station of West Azerbaijan province in Iran were evaluated in the present study. The non-genetic parameters for birth weight, weaning weight (3 months), 6-month, 9-month and yearling weight traits were estimated based on 19 years of data using SAS software. Least squares means were 4.11? 0.88, 21.50?3.50, 27.18?3.53, 28.57?4.44 and 34.21?3.88 kg for weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month, respectively. The birth year had a significant effect on all traits while the effect of birth type significantly affected all traits (p<0.05). The lamb's sex had a significant effect on all traits (p<0.05). The effect of dam?s age had a significant effect on all traits except 9- month (p<0.05). Results showed that non- genetic factors have an important role in expressing of genetic potential in the lambs.
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Lyulina, Anastasiya G. "Ганден Пходранг: правительство Далай-ламы в XVIII в." Oriental Studies 13, no. 3 (December 24, 2020): 478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-49-3-478-492.
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Introduction. The article examines the structure and features of Ganden Phodrang (Tib. dGa’-ldan pho-brang) — Tibetan traditional Government founded by the 5th Dalai Lama Lobsang Gyatso (1617–1682) in 1642 — in the context of interaction with institutions of the Qing administration in the 18th century. Diarchy based on the principles of unity of monastic and secular government (Tib. Сhos-srid) became the basis of the political and legal system of the Tibetan state and was reflected in some specifics of relations with Buddhist countries and peoples. The influence of the Qing Empire in the region by the end of the 18th century increased, and that was traced in formal characteristics but did not affect the functioning laws of Ganden Phodrang. Goals. The paper reviews and analyzes the origins, structure and features of the Dalai Lama’s traditional government Ganden Phodrang (1642–1959); identifies the main changes in the political structure of Tibet during the period of the greatest influence of the Qing government institutions in the 18th century; clarifies the position and role of the Dalai Lama as head of state, as well as the importance of regents and Qing ambans in governing the country. Materials and Methods. In addition to Qing sources, the article uses works by German and French Tibetan scholars (in English), as well as studies by Indian and Chinese Tibetologists. In Russian historiography, special attention is paid to the Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas, their relations with the Qing emperors, as well as to such administrative institutions of the Qing as ambans, legislative acts, and the Golden urn lot. Methodologically, the study employs historical and comparative approaches, and the problem-chronological principle. Conclusions. The article concludes that the Dalai Lama’s Government was uniquely independent in the 18th century, and tulku regents possessed special ‘dual’ status and significance. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of studying the topic in the context of international polemics around classification of the socioeconomic structure of Tibet in the Middle Ages, and its status in relation to China.
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Ouhenia, S., D. Chateigner, M. A. Belkhir, and E. Guilmeau. "Microstructure and crystallographic texture of Charonia lampas lampas shell." Journal of Structural Biology 163, no. 2 (August 2008): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2008.05.005.
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Boufala, Khaled, Salim Ouhenia, Ghislain Louis, Damien Betrancourt, Didier Chicot, and Imad Belabbas. "Structure and microstructure study of Charonia lampas lampas shell." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a2 (August 18, 2019): e200-e200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319093562.
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Snášel, Václav. "$\lambda$-lattices." Mathematica Bohemica 122, no. 3 (1997): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.1997.126144.
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Fusaro, Isa, Melania Giammarco, Matteo Chincarini, Michael Odintsov Vaintrub, Alberto Palmonari, Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi, Andrea Formigoni, Lorella Di Giuseppe, and Giorgio Vignola. "Effect of Ewe Diet on Milk and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition of Suckling Lambs of the Protected Geographical Origin Abbacchio Romano." Animals 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010025.
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Consumers increasingly pay more attention to the lipid profile of meat products and consume less meat to reduce cholesterol and heart disease. In Italy, sheep producers are increasingly feeding sheep fresh forage. We investigated whether the supplementation of dam diet with extruded linseed would be an alternative strategy to pasture for improving the intramuscular and subcutaneous FA compositions of their suckling lambs. The ewe diets were enriched with either extruded linseed (L), un-supplemented farm diet (F), or pasture (P). Milk saturated fatty acids (SFA) decreased in P and L compared with F, while the opposite pattern was observed for polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids after seven days. The FA composition of lamb meat was similar to that of their dam’s milk, showing higher PUFA in P and L compared to F, while SFA was higher in F. Regarding the lamb meat obtained from barn-held ewes, L had lower n-6/n-3 content compared to F, while an intermediate content was found in P. These results indicate a better n-3 FA profile in milk and lamb’s meat from pasture and linseed-enriched diets. No changes in lamb performance were observed.
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FACOG, Ricardo. "Prenatal Intraamniotic Surfactant Administration Improves Lung Function at Birth and the Effects of Conventional Postdelivery Treatment in Animal Model. A Randomized Controled Trial." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/027.
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Introduction: Surfactant diluted in the pulmonary fluid at birth promove airway formation and prevents lung injury, for this reason some investigators have proposed that actual surfactant prophylaxis in high risk preterm deliveries, should be done before the first breath, perhaps in-uteri. Objetive: to evaluate if intraamniotic surfactant plus conventional neonatal instillation improves respiratory outcome outcome compared with only conventional neonatal instillation. Materials and Methods: randomized, controlled and double blinded protocol in a model of very immature born lambs. 125 days pregnant ewes received, with ultrasound guide, an intraamniotic injection of 240 mg of natural bovine surfactant or normal saline solution. After one hour of fetal breathing movement's stimulation with aminophylline the premature lamb’s fetuses were delivered by C-section, and a 3-mm endotracheal tube was placed by tracheotomy. Heart rate, aortic blood pressure, central temperature, respiratory rate and hemoglobin saturation, as well as mechanical ventilator settings, were continuously monitored. Variables under study were: Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), Mean Airway Pressure (MAP), Oxygenation Index (OI) and Arterio-Alveolar Ratio (a/A). Conclusion: Prenatal intraamniotic surfactant instillation improves short-term respiratory outcome compared with conventional postpartum treatment in this animal model.
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Hegarty, R. S., S. H. Bird, B. A. Vanselow, and R. Woodgate. "Effects of the absence of protozoa from birth or from weaning on the growth and methane production of lambs." British Journal of Nutrition 100, no. 6 (December 2008): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508981435.
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Merino ewes (n108) joined to a single sire were allocated into three flocks, with ewes in one flock being chemically defaunated in the second month of gestation. Single lambs born to defaunated ewes (BF lambs) were heavier at birth and at weaning than lambs born to faunated ewes (F lambs). After weaning, all BF and F lambs were individually housed then half of the F lambs were chemically defaunated (DF lambs). In trial 1, BF, DF and F lambs were offered a concentrate-based diet containing either 14 or 19 % protein for a 10-week period. Wool growth rate of BF lambs was 10 % higher than that of DF or F lambs and was increased 9 % by the high-protein diet. While there was no main effect of protozoa treatment on enteric methane production, there was an interaction between protozoa treatment and diet for methane production. BF and DF lambs produced more methane than F lambs when fed the low-protein diet but when fed the high-protein diet, emissions were less than (BF lambs) or not different from (DF lambs) emissions from F lambs. In trial 2, lambs were offered 800 g roughage per d and, again, methane production was not affected by the presence of protozoa in the rumen. The data indicate that while lambs without rumen protozoa have greater protein availability than do faunated ruminants, there is no main effect of rumen protozoa on enteric methane production by lambs fed either a concentrate or roughage diet.