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1
Zhang, Rong Hu, Zhen Hua Zhou, and Jian Cheng Feng. "Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Pesticide Degrading Bacterium ZC-5." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.628.
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A highly efficient lambda-cyhalothrin-degrading bacterium, designated as strain ZC-5, was isolated from the activated sludge of a sewage aeration tank in a pesticide factory by enrichment acclimation and the streak plate method. Strain ZC-5 can grow on minimal medium with lambda-cyhalothrin as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. After cultivation for 6 h to 24 h, the biomass of the bacterial strain significantly increased at the logarithmic phase. By contrast, the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin rapidly decreased. The residual lambda-cyhalothrin presented a concentration of 250 mg/L and a degradation rate of 50%. Gas chromatography revealed that this strain can degrade 87.1% lambda-cyhalothrin (500 mg/L) in the culture within 2 days. Morphological analysis showed the Gram-negative strain as short rods. Physiological and biochemical characterizations, as well as phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence identified the bacterium to be an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain. Results showed that this strain can provide a novel strategy to biodegrade the pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin.
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Zheng, Ling Ling, Hai Jin Mou, and Jing Li. "Determination and Microbial Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.430.
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This work presents laboratory studies on the degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin. At first, a rapid quantitative determination method of lambda-cyhalothrin in food was developed by high performance liquid chromatography. Lambda-cyhalothrin-degrading bacterium F37 was isolated from the sewage of a pesticide factory outlet and was identified as Citrobacter braakii. The effects of environmental factors including carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH, medium volume, incubating temperature and substrate concentration on the degradation rate were investigated. The addition of sucrose and yeast extract at the concentrations of 4.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively, was the best for the degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin. F37 showed higher degradation activity at the range of moderate pH value (pH 6.5-8.0). After 72-h stirring culture, the degradation rates of lambda-cyhalothrin reached 81.1% at pH 7.0. The degradation dynamics analysis showed that the degradation half-life times of lambda-cyhalothrin in the culture liquid of F37 were only 5.7, 1.9 and 4.9 days at pH 9.0, 7.0 and 5.0, respectively. In addition, cypermethrin and triazophos could also be degraded by F37, showing that F37 was a broad-spectrum pesticide- degrading bacterium. Application of F37 on eliminating pesticide in vegetable showed that 68% of lambda-cyhalothrin was removed after treatment for 48 h. The results indicated that Citrobacter braakii F37 is effective in the elimination of pesticide and may provide a potent application in detergent industry and environmental restoration.
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Tunca, Hatice. "Determination of changes in Arthrospira platensis antioxidant activity and growth parameters due to oxidative stress arising from Lambda cyhalothrin." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 56 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2020024.
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Toxic stress caused by pesticides changes the function and structure of the aquatic ecosystem via impressing to species composition. Therefore it is necessary to determine the reaction of cyanobacteria to pesticides for comprehend the effects of these substances on the aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to determine the toxicity and oxidative stress that Lambda cyhalothrin may cause in cyanobacteria, one of the primary producers in lake ecosystems. For these reasons, the changes in chlorophyll-a content, OD560 absorbance, the antioxidant enzyme acitvities such as superoxidedismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reducatse (GR) were assessed to carry out the effect of Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations (between 6.25 and 100 μg ml−1) on Arthrospira platensis. EC50 value is calculated as 11.94 μg m l−1 Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations. SOD and APX activities was statistically different from the control at 100 μg m l−1 Lambda cyhalothrin application compared to control in A. platensis-M2 cells. On the other hand, GR activity did not effect significantly. According to our results, we may conclude that Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations used in this study inhibited the growth of A. platensis cells in a time and dose-dependent manner, as indicated by lowered chlorophyll-a content and OD560 values and Lambda cyhalothrin caused oxidative stress in A. platensis cells. As a result, the restriction of Lambda cyhalothrin using at the certain concentrations may be a step to prevent pesticide pollution in the environment.
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Feng, Boyuan, Heng Zhi, Hongyan Chen, Bo Cui, Xiang Zhao, Changjiao Sun, Yan Wang, Haixin Cui, and Zhanghua Zeng. "Development of Chlorantraniliprole and Lambda Cyhalothrin Double-Loaded Nano-Microcapsules for Synergistical Pest Control." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102730.
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Nanotechnology could greatly improve global agricultural food production. Chlorantraniliprole and lambda cyhalothrin double-loaded nano-microcapsules were fabricated to enhance the control of pests by pesticides and improve the pesticide utilization efficiency. The nano-microcapsules were synthesized using a method involving the solid in oil in water encapsulation technique and solvent evaporation. The nano-microcapsules slowly and simultaneously released lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole. The cumulative lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole release rates at 40 h were 80% and 70%, respectively. Indoor Spodoptera frugiperda control tests indicated that the double-loaded nano-microcapsules were more toxic than lambda cyhalothrin water-dispersible granules, chlorantraniliprole water-dispersible granules, and a mixture of lambda cyhalothrin water-dispersible granules and chlorantraniliprole water-dispersible granules, indicating that the pesticides in the nano-microcapsules synergistically controlled Spodoptera frugiperda. The results indicated that pesticide nano-microcapsules with synergistic effects can be developed that can improve the effective pesticide utilization efficiency and pesticide bioavailability. This is a new idea for achieving environmentally intelligent pesticide delivery.
5
Ikram, Naheed, and Nafisa Shoaib. "Effects of pesticides on photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47401.
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Toxicity of pesticides, namely chlorpyrifos, malathion, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and buctril were tested on the photosynthetic behavior of marine phytoplankton. The phytoplankton population was exposed to 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 ppm of test pesticides. The toxicity of pesticides stands in the order of lambda-cyhalothrin > chlorpyrifos > buctril > malathion > cypermethrin. The most toxic pesticide was lambda-cyhalothrin having IC50 value of 0.014 ppm. Toxicity of cypermethrin was less on phytoplankton compared to others.
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Ghosh, Rini, Tuhina Das, Anurag Paramanik, and Sujata Maiti Choudhury*. "Taurine improves lambda cyhalothrin induced biochemical alterations in Wistar rat liver." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.11.0013.
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Taurine is a major intracellular free β-amino acid, which can protect the body against toxicity. Lambda-cyhalothrin, a third-generation type II pyrethroid. is used predominantly in agriculture production and animal husbandry. The aim of the present study was to investigate lambda cyhalothrin-induced biochemical changes in rat liver and to search out the possible role of taurine for the attenuation of hepatotoxic biomarkers. Male rats were randomly divided into six groups and lambda cyhalothrin was orally administered at two dose levels (10.83mg/body wt., 15.17mg/body wt.) alone and in combination with taurine pretreatment (50mg/kg body wt) for 14 consecutive days. A significant change in blood glucose level with a marked decline in glycogen content were indicated the hepatic dysfunction in lambda cyhalothrin treated rats. This was also confirmed by the altered activities of serum hepatic biomarker enzymes and lipid profiles in LCT intoxicated rats. Pre-treatment of taurine mitigated the abnormalities. These findings pointed out the toxic effect of lambda cyhalothrin in rat liver and also revealed the protective action of taurine against this pyrethroid.
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Tibola, Cristiane Maria, Leandro Silva, Fernanda Sgubin, and Celso Omoto. "Monitoring Resistance of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides by Using Encapsulated Artificial Diet Bioassay." Insects 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070599.
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The novel ingestion bioassay method was developed for detecting and monitoring resistance of Euschistus heros by encapsulating an artificial liquid diet using Parafilm®. This methodology was compared with the tarsal contact (vial test) and topical application methods for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The best bioassay method for the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid was ingestion. For pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, the best result was obtained by topical application. Using the best bioassay method for each insecticide, the susceptibility to these insecticides was monitored in 30 populations of E. heros collected from soybean crops in Brazil from 2018 to 2020. High variations in susceptibility to thiamethoxam (resistance ratios, 1.6–22 times), imidacloprid (resistance ratios, 1.6–22 times), and lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios, 5–40 times) were detected among the evaluated E. heros populations. In order to monitor the susceptibility of E. heros to insecticides, diagnostic concentrations were defined based on the LC99 of the susceptible reference population: 5.65 µL of a.i./mL for thiamethoxam, 12.45 µL of a.i./mL for imidacloprid, and 0.20 µg of a.i./insect for lambda-cyhalothrin. Subsequently, we select an E. heros strain resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides and another to lambda-cyhalothrin. The resistance ratios obtained after seven selection cycles were 66, 41 and 44 times for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.
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Lukwa, N., A. Makuwaza, S. L. Mutambu, and P. Munosiyei. "The residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in Zhombe, Kwekwe district, Zimbabwe." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 44, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2012.e10.
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Indoor residual house spraying using lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was conducted in Zhombe Resettlement area, Zimbabwe. A total of 204/219 (93.1%), 224/260 (86.2%) and 257/325 (79.1%) rooms were sprayed with lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and DDT wettable powders respectively. Bioassays were conducted on sprayed walls and roofs using 3-5 day old laboratory reared susceptible <em>Anopheles gambiae sensu lato </em>mosquitoes placed in World Health Organization cones. <br />Bioassays conducted on sprayed walls (1 month), showed that efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin was the same with DDT but different with deltamethrin and this trend continued in the 2<sup>nd</sup> month. During the 3rd month, lambda-cyhalothrin killed more mosquitoes than deltamethrin (P=1.931x10<sup>-14</sup>), DDT killed more mosquitoes than deltamethrin (P=0.0001) and lambda-cyhalothrin killed more mosquitoes than DDT (walls). Efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT was the same 4 months post spray (P=0.487), notable differences were seen in lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin (P=2.57x10<sup>-6</sup>), DDT and deltamethrin (P=2.17-10<sup>-8</sup>). Efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT was the same 5 months post spray (P=0.244), major differences were found in lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin (P=0.000), DDT and deltamethrin (P=5.18x10<sup>-5</sup>) and this trend continued in the 6<sup>th</sup> month. One month after spraying roofs, mortality of mosquitoes due to lambdacyhalothrin/ deltamethrin (P=2.56x10<sup>-5</sup>), lambda-cyhalothrin/DDT (P=1.2x10<sup>-7</sup>) and deltamethrin/DDT (P=0.013) were significantly different and this continued in the 2<sup>nd</sup> month. However, 3 months after spraying, mortality due to lambda-cyhalothrin/deltamethrin (P=1.46x10<sup>-6</sup>), lambda-cyhalothrin/DDT (P=0.048), and deltamethrin/DDT (P=0.004) were significantly different and this continued in the 4<sup>th</sup> month. Five months after spraying roofs, mortality due to lambda-cyhalothrin/ deltamethrin (P=0.000) and deltamethrin/DDT (P=6.6x10<sup>-7</sup>) were significantly different. Six months after spraying, lambdacyhalothrin/ deltamethrin (P=0.34), lambda-cyhalothrin/DDT (P=0.982), and deltamethrin/DDT (P=0.64) were not significantly different. When using exit window traps, no mosquitoes were collected from rooms sprayed with each of the insecticides over a 6-month period. However, 17, 6, 14, 7, 2 and 3 fed <em>An. gambiae sl </em>mosquitoes were collected in the 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> month respectively from unsprayed rooms and none of them died after 24 h.
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Singh, AK. "Bioefficacy of different insecticides against blister beetle Mylabris phalerata (Pallas) on pigeonpea." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 15, no. 1 (July 29, 2017): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v15i1.33151.
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The experiment was accomplished to evaluate the bioefficacy of different insecticides against Mylabris phalerata (Pallas) on pigeonpea. The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz., bifenthrin 62 g a.i. ha-1, lambda-cyhalothrin 24 g a.i. ha-1 (encapsulated with polymers; Matadore), chlorpyriphos 310 g a.i. ha-1+ cypermethrin 31 g a.i. ha-1, cypermethrin 62 g a.i. ha-1, neem oil 1500 ppm, permethrin 154 g a.i. ha-1, chloropyriphos 173 g a.i. ha-1 compared with untreated (control). The sixth day after each spray, minimum population abundance of M. phalerata and maximum percent efficacy in reducing their population was obtained from bifenthrin which was at par with lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos+ cypermethrin and permethrin and all these were significantly effective over chloropyriphos, neem oil and control plots. On the tenth day after each spray, minimum population abundance and highest per cent efficacy were obtained from bifenthrin which was at par with lambda-cyhalothrin and both these treatments were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The maximum productivity was observed with bifenthrin, while highest net return per rupee investment was obtained from lambda-cyhalothrin treatment. The results explicitly show that out of all treatments, Lambda-cyhalothrin was effective and imposing lucrative against M. phalerata and thereby minimized the yield loss. Three sprays of lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin with an interchange at ten days interval will be effectual and lucrative against M. phalerata in short duration pigeonpea crop.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 55-65 (2017)
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DJAHRA, Ali Boutlelis, Mounia BENKADDOUR, Salah BENKHERARA, and Bordjiba OUAHIBA. "Antioxidant and hepatoprotective Potential of Coriandrum sativum L. against hepatic injury by Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3-s (June 22, 2020): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4186.
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of aerial part and seeds of Coriandrum sativum plant against Lambda cyhalothrin insecticide. Male Wistar Albinos rats were randomly divided into control, LCT, CsA, CsS, CsS+LCT, CsA+LCT groups, after 90 days of treatments Biochemical, some oxidative stress parameters, and histopathology of liver tissue were evaluated. Total polyphenol content in aerial part and the seed extract estimated at 9.29 and 14.64 mg EAG / mg of extract and IC50 for an antioxidant activity equal to 19.38 and 22.62 mg/ml respectively. The obtained results revealed that rats received Lambda cyhalothrin insecticide showed a significant change in enzymes activity (AST, ALT, ALP and c-GT) and Glutathione (GSH) in liver. Meanwhile content of hepatic Malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathology examination of liver revealed that Coriandrum sativum attenuate the incidence of liver lesions triggered by Lambda cyhalothrin intoxication. Therefore, the results of this study show that Coriandrum sativum can be proposed to protect the liver against Lambda cyhalothrin induced oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effect might be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect.
Keywords: hepatoprotective, antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum L., Lambda cyhalothrin, Oxidative stress.
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Guillem-Amat, Ana, Elena López-Errasquín, Lucas Sánchez, Miguel González-Guzmán, and Félix Ortego. "Inheritance, Fitness Cost, and Management of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Resistance in a Laboratory-Selected Strain of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)." Insects 11, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090551.
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The management of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, in Spanish citrus crops relies mainly on the use of insecticides and the release of sterile males. However, the development of resistance to different insecticides in field populations, including lambda-cyhalothrin, implies a threat for the sustainable control of this pest. The inheritance, fitness cost, and management of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance were examined in the laboratory-selected W-1Kλ strain. We have demonstrated that lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in W-1Kλ is autosomic, completely dominant, and polygenic. In addition, individuals from W-1Kλ showed a lower embryo to pupal viability, a slower developmental time from egg to pupae, and an increase in adults’ weight and longevity. We did not find significant trade-offs in the activity of digestive hydrolytic enzymes, with the exception of higher α-amylase activity in W-1Kλ females. A comparative study with different insecticide treatment strategies showed that lambda-cyhalothrin resistance increased when several consecutive treatments with this insecticide were applied. However, the alternation of this insecticide with spinosad was enough to delay the development of resistance. Our results indicate that the rotation of lambda-cyhalothrin with spinosad—a practice already used in some fields—may contribute to prevent the development of resistance.
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McMillan, Benjamin E., Jake E. Bova, Carlyle C. Brewster, Nicola T. Gallagher, and Sally L. Paulson. "Effects of Plant Species, Insecticide, and Exposure Time On the Efficacy Of Barrier Treatments Against Aedes albopictus." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/18-6759.1.
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ABSTRACT The effect of 5 plant species (arborvitae [Thuja occidentalis], boxwood [Buxus sp., Japanese honeysuckle [Lonicera japonica], rhododendron [Rhododendron sp.], and zebra grass [Miscanthus sinensis]) and 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin (3.13 ml and 6.25 ml active ingredient [AI]/liter) on knockdown (1 h) and mortality (24 h) of adult female Aedes albopictus was evaluated over an 8-wk period. A significant difference in knockdown was observed between the 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin on the 5 plant species, with the highest proportion of knockdown observed on zebra grass and rhododendron treated at the higher rate. Although mortality was ≥60% and 85% on the 5 plant species at the low and high rates of lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, a significant difference between the 2 rates was only observed on boxwood and Japanese honeysuckle (P < 0.0001). We also tested the residual toxicity of 3 barrier sprays (lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin) and evaluated the efficacy of a short (5-min) exposure to the insecticides on knockdown and mortality of adults over time. Significantly higher knockdown was observed with lambda-cyhalothrin compared with bifenthrin and deltamethrin (P < 0.0001). Mean knockdown was ∼98%, 92%, and 20% for lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin, respectively, at week 2, and ∼98%, 0%, and 44%, respectively, 8 wk after treatments were applied. Adult mortality from the 3 chemical treatments, however, remained above 90% throughout the study. Lastly, the trends in mean proportion of knockdown were similar for mosquitoes exposed for either 5 min or 24 h to the 3 chemicals. An overall decline in mean mortality over time, however, was observed for mosquitoes exposed for 5 min to the chemicals compared with mortality from the 24-h exposure. The results suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be an effective barrier spray treatment against Ae. albopictus adults because its efficacy is limited little by plant species, it has long residual toxicity, and it is effective following only 5 min of exposure.
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Stout, Michael J., William C. Rice, Rita M. Riggio, and Dennis R. Ring. "The Effects of Four Insecticides on the Population Dynamics of the Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel2." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.1.48.
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The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, has been managed for the past 30 yrs using the soil insecticide carbofuran. The recent cancellation of the registration for carbofuran in rice has necessitated a shift to management strategies involving other insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin, fipronil, and diflubenzuron. Efficacies and effects on population dynamics of three alternatives to carbofuran (lambda-cyhalothrin and diflubenzuron as foliar sprays and fipronil as a seed treatment) were compared in two water-seeded and one drill-seeded field trials. Applications of lambda-cyhalothrin, but not of diflubenzuron or fipronil, resulted in decreases in the densities of rice water weevil adults and eggs. All three insecticides suppressed larval densities to levels comparable to, or lower than, densities in plots treated with carbofuran. All three alternatives to carbofuran differed from carbofuran with respect to their effects on the population dynamics of weevil larvae. Lambda-cyhalothrin, diflubenzuron, and fipronil were more effective than carbofuran at preventing early larval infestation of rice roots, but were less effective at preventing later infestation of roots. Yields from plots treated with fipronil, diflubenzuron, and lambda-cyhalothrin were generally higher than yields from plots treated with carbofuran, probably because prevention of early injury to roots has a more beneficial impact than prevention of later injury. This study also provided evidence for the utility of early planting and delayed flooding for management of the rice water weevil.
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Pankey, Joseph H., James L. Griffin, B. Rogers Leonard, Donnie K. Miller, Robert G. Downer, and Richard W. Costello. "Glyphosate–Insecticide Combination Effects on Weed and Insect Control in Cotton." Weed Technology 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-153.
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Field studies were conducted to evaluate weed control with combinations of glyphosate at 750 g ae/ha and the insecticides acephate (370 g ai/ha), dicrotophos (370 g ai/ha), dimethoate (220 g ai/ha), fipronil (56 g ai/ha), imidacloprid (53 g ai/ha), lambda-cyhalothrin (37 g ai/ha), oxamyl (280 g ai/ha), or endosulfan (420 g ai/ha) and insect control with coapplication of the herbicide with insecticides acephate, dicrotophos, dimethoate, and imidacloprid. Applying lambda-cyhalothrin or fipronil with glyphosate reduced control of hemp sesbania by 19 and 9 percentage points, respectively, compared with glyphosate alone. Acephate, dicrotophos, dimethoate, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, oxamyl, and endosulfan did not affect hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, and redweed control by glyphosate. Lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil did not affect glyphosate control of weeds other than hemp sesbania. Addition of glyphosate to dicrotophos improved cotton aphid control 4 d after treatment compared with dicrotophos alone. Thrips control was improved with addition of glyphosate to imidacloprid. Insect control was not reduced by glyphosate regardless of insecticide.
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Sharma, Preeti, Geetanjly Geetanjly, and Vijay Laxmi Rai. "Toxicity of some insecticides against seven day old larvae of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Walker." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.714.
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The stomach toxicity of some insecticides viz., Cypermethrin, Lambda cyhalothrin and Chlorpyriphos were determined against 7d old larvae of Spilarctia obliqua by leaf dip method. Cypermethrin was found to be the most toxic insecticide during observation at 18, 24, 48 and 72 HAF. On the basis of LC50 values at different time intervals the order of toxicity was, Cypermethrin > Lambda cyhalothrin > Chlorpyriphos and the LC50 (%) values being 0.003, 0.054, 0.107 at 24 HAF, 0.002, 0.045 and 0.101 at 48 HAF, 0.016, 0.039 and 0.085 at 72 HAF respectively. A comparative dose mortality (50%) response expressed in terms of relative toxicity indicated that RT values for Cypermethrin, Lambda cyhalothrin, and Chlorpyriphos were 35.66, 1.98 and 1.00 at 24HAF, 50.5, 2.24 and 1.00 at 48 HAF, 5.31, 2.17 and 1.00 at 72 HAF. Chlorpyriphos in particular, showed very low RT value indicating far less stomach toxicity to S. obliqua as compared to Cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin. These findings can be helpful for the selection of suitable insecticides for effective pest management under field condition.
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Tillman, Glynn. "Laboratory Effects of Two Organically-Certified Insecticides on Trichopoda pennipes (Diptera: Tachinidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.4.408.
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The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of two organically-certified insecticides, azadirachtin and spinosad, on the stink bug parasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in residual, topical, and oral toxicity tests. The insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was used as a conventional crop production standard for control of lepidopterous pests. Azadirachtin was the only insecticide in which T. pennipes adults survived after exposure to dried residues, topical applications, and insecticide-treated food. Spinosad was as highly toxic to this parasitoid as lambda-cyhalothrin in all 3 tests even though spinosad was slower acting than lambda-cyhalothrin. These results suggest that azadirachtin would probably be safer to T. pennipes adults than spinosad in organically-grown crops.
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Jiang, Yongxing, Cason E. Bartz, and Justin K. Baker. "Efficacy of Residual Pesticide–Treated Plant Saucers Against Aedes albopictus Larvae Under Semi–Field and Field Conditions." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/20-6932.1.
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ABSTRACT Plant saucers are ubiquitous, outdoor water-holding receptacles and are one of the most productive domestic mosquito habitats in the urban environment. Two kinds of commonly used plant saucers, clay and plastic, were manually treated with 3 residual insecticides, bifenthrin (Talstar® Professional), lambda-cyhalothrin (Lambda 9.7 CS), and tau-fluvalinate (Mavrik® Perimeter), at their maximum rates to assess their residual efficacy against Aedes albopictus larvae under semi–field and field conditions. Both clay and plastic saucers treated with bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin provided weeks of control of 3rd instars of Ae. albopictus, whereas tau-fluvalinate provided only 1 day of control. Results from this study show that bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin can provide good control of Ae. albopictus larvae for a considerable period of time and have great potential with regard to container mosquito management in the future.
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Cullen, Eileen M., and Frank G. Zalom. "On-Farm Trial Assessing Efficacy of Three Insecticide Classes for Management of Stink Bug and Fruit Damage on Processing Tomatoes." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-0323-01-rs.
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Five foliar insecticides representing a neonicotinoid (thiamethoxam), a pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin), a neonicotinoid plus pyrethroid (thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin), and two organophosphates (dimethoate and methamidophos, respectively) were evaluated for relative efficacy in managing consperse stink bug (Euschistus conspersus Uhler) on California processing tomatoes. E. conspersus density and percentage fruit damage were measured at harvest in an on-farm experiment at two locations in 2002, and small plot experiments in 2002 and 2003. Results showed that thiamethoxam plus lambda-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and methamidophos can provide equivalent control of E. conspersus on processing tomatoes. Relative efficacy of the same treatments was inconsistent when applied before completion of small nymph development as estimated by the E. conspersus phenology model. Results can be utilized by growers with canning contracts that limit total organophosphate active ingredient per season, or in cases where stink bug treatment thresholds are reached within the processor preharvest interval for organophosphates. Insecticide efficacy evaluation is discussed within the context of continued research to provide IPM-compatible insecticide options to growers facing low processor tolerance for stink bug damaged fruit, and organophosphate insecticide restrictions in tomato canning contracts. Accepted for publication 22 November 2006. Published 23 March 2007.
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Shen, Yanjun, Xiaohong Wu, Bin Wu, Yang Tan, and Jinmao Liu. "Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030275.
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Excess pesticide residues on cabbage are harmful to humans. In this study, we propose an innovative strategy for a quick and nondestructive qualitative test of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage. Spectral profiles of Chinese cabbage leaf samples with different concentrations of surface residues of lambda-cyhalothrin were collected with an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer. Standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correlation (MSC), and principle component analysis (PCA) were utilized to preprocess the spectra. Then, fuzzy Foley-Sammon transformation (FFST), fuzzy linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), and fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transformation (FUDT) were employed to extract features from the spectra data. Finally, k-nearest neighbor (kNN) was applied to classify samples according to the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin residue. The highest identification accuracy rates of FFST, FLDA, and FUDT were 100%, 97.22%, and 100%, respectively. FUDT performed the best considering the combination of accuracy rate and required computing time. We believe that mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant analysis is an effective method to accurately and quickly conduct qualitative analyses of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbages. This method may have applications in other crops and other pesticide residues.
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Shepelskaya, N. R., Ya V. Kolianchyk, and M. G. Prodanchuk. "Study of the effect of four generic lambda-cyhalothrin pesticides on the reproductive function of male wistar han rats." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 82-83, no. 2-3 (September 27, 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2018-82-83-2-3-24-33.
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Introduction. Objective is to identify hazard and asses reproductive toxicity risk of four generic lambda-cyhalothrin pesticides of different purity on male Wistar Han rats. Methods. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC1 — 97 %, LC2 — 96 %, LC3 — 97,1 %, LC4 — 96,7 % purity) was administered intragastrically on a daily basis, exceptfor Saturday and Sunday, at doses of 0,0; 0,3 and 3,0 mg/kg body weight for three groups of animals, 20 males in each, for 11 weeks. Control animals received an equivalent amount of solvent. In parallel with control and experimental animals, there were intact females, intended for mating. At the end of inoculation, functional parameters of the state of gonads and the ability of animals to reproduce offspring were studied. The state of reproductive function in intact females was taken into account at day 20 of pregnancy. Results and discussion. The obtained data indicate that the exposure to four generic lambda-cyhalothrin substances at a dose of 3,0 mg/kg body weight for 11 weeks showed a general toxic effect (weight loss) in males under the effect of LC1. All four test substances have a reproductive toxicity at the maximum dose and have a pronounced antiandrogenic effect, which is manifested in changes in the morphological and functional parameters of the state of the gonads in the experimental groups of males. In addition, there was a negative effect on the fertility of males (LC2), which was concluded by the fertility index in intact females. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all studied lambda-cyhalothrin samples have reproductive toxicity at a dose of 3,0 mg/kg body weight. No observed effect level (NOEL) for all studies substances is the dose of 0,3 mg/kg body weight. In the range of studied doses, there is a dose-effect dependence. Key words: pesticides, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gonadotoxicity, reproductive toxicity.
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Wenjie, Wang, Lu Houqing, Liu Xuchun, and Sun Gengyun. "Acute pancreatitis during lambda cyhalothrin poisoning." Toxin Reviews 33, no. 3 (June 9, 2014): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569543.2014.922582.
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Anadón, A., M. Martínez, M. A. Martínez, M. J. Díaz, and M. R. Martínez-Larrañaga. "Toxicokinetics of lambda-cyhalothrin in rats." Toxicology Letters 165, no. 1 (August 2006): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.01.014.
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Seenivasan, Subbiah, and Narayanan Nair Muraleedharan. "Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in tea." Food and Chemical Toxicology 47, no. 2 (February 2009): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.010.
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Pavlovic, Ivan, Suren Husinec, Vitomir Djokic, and Marina Vuksa. "Efficacy of different lambda-cyhalothrin formulations against ticks." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 23, no. 2 (2008): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif0802127p.
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Ticks (Acari:Ixodida) are arthropods of special biomedical importance, well known as transmitters of several zoonotic diseases. Various acaricides have been used to control them but their number has decreased over the years. Having this in mind, we examined in 2003-2005 the possibility of using a 5% microemulsion and an EC formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin to control ticks on dogs and sheep, and in houses. The 5% microemulsion of lambda-cyhalothrine caused tick mortality after 2-3 minutes. The efficacy of the 5% EC formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was unsatisfactory.
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Arévalo-Cortés, Andrea, Ana M. Mejia-Jaramillo, Yurany Granada, Heather Coatsworth, Carl Lowenberger, and Omar Triana-Chavez. "The Midgut Microbiota of Colombian Aedes aegypti Populations with Different Levels of Resistance to the Insecticide Lambda-cyhalothrin." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090584.
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Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations is a problem that hinders vector control and dengue prevention programs. In this study, we determined the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti populations from six Colombian regions to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and evaluated the presence of the V1016I mutation in the sodium channel gene, which has been broadly involved in the resistance to this insecticide. The diversity of the gut microbiota of these mosquito populations was also analyzed. Only mosquitoes from Bello were susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin and presented a lower allelic frequency of the V1016I mutation. Remarkably, there was not an important change in allelic frequencies among populations with different resistance ratios, indicating that other factors or mechanisms contributed to the resistant phenotype. Treatment of mosquitoes with antibiotics led us to hypothesize that the intestinal microbiota could contribute to the resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin. Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in the species of bacteria present between susceptible and resistant populations. We identified 14 OTUs of bacteria that were unique in resistant mosquitoes. We propose that kdr mutations are important in the development of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin at low insecticide concentrations but insect symbionts could play an essential role in the metabolization of pyrethroid insecticides at higher concentrations, contributing to the resistant phenotype in Ae. aegypti.
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Shaw, Bethan, Sebastian Hemer, Madeleine F. L. Cannon, Francesco Rogai, and Michelle T. Fountain. "Insecticide Control of Drosophila suzukii in Commercial Sweet Cherry Crops under Cladding." Insects 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10070196.
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Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is a damaging invasive pest of sweet cherry. Using a series of laboratory leaf contact assays, semi-field, and orchard spray programs we aimed to determine the impact of insecticide programs on D. suzukii adult mortality and oviposition in cladding-protected sweet cherry crops. Tests included assessing adult D. suzukii mortality after contact with leaves sprayed either one or two weeks previously and emergence of adults from fruits. Spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid, lime, pyrethrin, deltamethrin, and cyantraniliprole all reduced fruit damage up to day 7 after application. Of these active ingredients, only spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cyantraniliprole gave satisfactory control up to 14 days. There was no significant difference in D. suzukii mortality when exposed to leaves treated either one or two weeks previously with an application of either spinosad, cyantraniliprole, or lambda-cyhalothrin; however, mortality was significantly higher than D. suzukii in contact with untreated leaves. In eight commercial orchards, fortnightly spray applications including spinosad, cyantraniliprole, and lambda-cyhalothrin gave effective control of D. suzukii until harvest with very few damaged fruits. These experiments demonstrate that currently approved plant protection products, applied to sweet cherry under protection, give at least two weeks protection from D. suzukii.
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Pogoda, M. K., D. J. Pree, and D. B. Marshall. "Effects of encapsulation on the toxicity of insecticides to the Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Canadian Entomologist 133, no. 6 (December 2001): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent133819-6.
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AbstractWe assessed the effects of microencapsulation on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin to larvae of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in the laboratory and the field. We also compared the toxicity of microencapsulated and traditional formulations to pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant populations of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten in the laboratory. In laboratory bioassays with neonate larvae of G. molesta, the microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were less toxic than the wettable-powder and emulsifiable-concentrate formulations. The emulsifiable-concentrate and microencapsulated formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin were equally toxic. In the field, all trees in insecticide-treated plots contained less damage by first generation G. molesta larvae than unsprayed controls. In the second generation, the microencapsulated formulations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were generally less effective than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation of cypermethrin. The microencapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was as effective as the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation. The microencapsulated formulation of cypermethrin was less toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to both pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant populations of T. pyri. Both populations were highly resistant to chlorpyrifos and unaffected by either formulation. The microencapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin affected the two populations of T. pyri differently; the microencapsulated formulation was approximately fivefold more toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the pyrethroid-susceptible population, but sixfold less toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the pyrethroid-resistant population. Much of the selectivity reported for the microencapsulated formulations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos appeared related to a general reduction in toxicity to both target insects and beneficial mites. The microencapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin was as toxic as the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the target insect but was less toxic than the emulsifiable concentrate to pyrethroid-resistant predator mites. This limited increased selectivity may be useful where resistant populations of predators occur.
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Kang, Lu, Hejiang Liu, Duoyong Zhao, Canping Pan, and Cheng Wang. "Pesticide Residue Behavior and Risk Assessment in Celery after Se Nanoparticles Application." Foods 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10091987.
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This study investigates pesticide levels in celery, and compares their degradation, dissipation, distribution, and dietary risk after spraying with selenium (Se) nanoparticles. Abamectin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and lambda-cyhalothrin were sprayed at 1.6, 6.8, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.7 g a.i. ha−1 followed by a 2 g·ha−1 Se nanoparticle application during the growing period. Thiamethoxam, abamectin, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and acetamiprid in celery degraded following a first order kinetic model after 2 g·ha−1 Se nanoparticles application. With the exception of acetamiprid, the half-lives of thiamethoxam, abamectin, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin were reduced from 2.4, 0.5, 1.2, 4.2 days without Se nanoparticles application to 1.4, 0.2, 0.9, 3.7 days with the addition of Se nanoparticles (2 g·ha−1), respectively. The chronic dietary exposure risk probability (RQc) and the acute dietary exposure risk probability (RQa) of celery after Se nanoparticles application were within acceptable limits for consumption except for abamectin.
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Liu, Tong-Xian, Alton N. Sparks, and Bisong Yue. "Toxicity and Efficacy of Triazamate Against Turnip Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Cabbage." Journal of Entomological Science 36, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-36.3.244.
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Toxicity of triazamate (Aphistar®, Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, PA) to a laboratory and a field population of the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), was studied on cabbage in the laboratory, and the efficacy of triazamate against the aphid was tested in the field in comparison to lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior®, Zeneca, Wilmington, DE) and imidacloprid (Provado®, Bayer, Kansas City, MO) in 1999 and 2000. Results from the laboratory bioassays indicated that field populations of L. erysimi apterous adults and nymphs were significantly less susceptible to triazamate than the laboratory population. The LC50 values for adults, early and late instars of the field population were 6.7-, 2.7-, and 1.4-fold greater than the corresponding stages of the laboratory population, respectively. Similarly, the LC90 values for adults, early and late instars of the field population were 6.4-, 2.6-, and 1.7-fold greater than the corresponding stages of the laboratory population, respectively. Results from field trials in 1999 and 2000 showed that triazamate and lambda-cyhalothrin reduced the aphid population faster than imidacloprid after the first application. Triazamate was as effective as lambda-cyhalothrin with low aphid population levels on the plants throughout the season except the last 2 wks in the 1999 trial. In the 2000 trial, an extremely high aphid population was found on untreated plants, whereas two applications of triazamate, as well as lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid, kept aphid population levels suppressed for the entire season.
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Emeasor, Kingsley Chidi, Nneka Fidel Nwahiri, and David Nwazuo Enyiukwu. "Field assessment of the potentials of some plant-derived insecticide against damage caused by Leucinodes orbonalis on eggplant (Solanum gilo) at Umudike, Nigeria." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 22, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12223-32.
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The efficacy of plant-derived insecticides was compared with a synthetic insecticide, Lambda-cyhalothrin over two cropping seasons (2015 and 2016) against Leucinodes orbonalis, the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB) infesting eggplant, Solanum gilo. The plant materials included oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) bunch ash, soursop (Annona muricata) seeds, and goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) leaves. These plant materials were formulated into aqueous extracts of 150 g/L (w/v), while Lambda-cyhalothrin was applied at the rate of 5 mL/L (v/v). The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were 5 treatments with 3 replications applied on 2 cultivars of eggplants (Afufa Ukwu and Ngwa Large). Percentage fruit damage varied significantly (P< 0.05) with various treatments. The lowest mean percentage fruit damage was observed in the plot treated with Lambda-cyhalothrin (20.38%), followed by goat weed (29.03%), soursop (40.69%), palm bunch ash (43.30%) and the control (67.08%) for 2015 and 2016. Other parameters measured followed the same trend. Mean yield was significantly affected by the treatments. The highest mean yield was obtained from the plots treated with Lambda-cyhalothrin (12,346.6 g), followed by plots treated with goat weed (11,295.0 g), soursop (9877.2 g), palm bunch ash (8729.4 g) and control was the least (6583.0 g). Among the plant extracts, A. conyzoides that recorded low mean percentage damage had very high yield. Therefore, it can be used as insecticides in the control of EFSB.
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Amarasekare, Kaushalya G., Preston H. Brown, and Peter W. Shearer. "Field-Aged Insecticide Residues on Chrysoperla johnsoni (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 2109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz149.
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Abstract We studied the direct (lethal) and indirect (sublethal) effects of field-aged insecticide residues of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin on adults and larvae of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla johnsoni Henry, Wells and Pupedis an important generalist predator in western United States pear orchards. We applied formulated pesticides using their high label rates mixed with 935 liters/ha of water on pear trees utilizing an airblast sprayer. We collected leaves from the experiment trees at 1, 7, 14, 21 days after treatment (DAT) and exposed C. johnsoni adults and second instars to insecticide residues or untreated control for 72 h. We monitored larvae that survived the treatments until adult emergence (for larvae) or adults until death (for paired adults). We assessed the adults for acute and chronic mortality, longevity, fecundity, and fertility, and larvae for acute mortality, sex ratio, developmental time, and survival of adults emerged from treated second instars, to determine lethal and sublethal effects. The field-exposed insecticide residues of chlorantraniliprole exhibited higher lethal and sublethal toxicities on C. johnsoni during the 21-d leaf collection period when compared with the field-exposed residue toxicities of lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram. The field-exposed residue of lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram exhibited moderate toxicities on C. johnsoni during the 21-d leaf collection period. Results from this study show similar trends with previous studies using multiple routes of exposure laboratory assays and field experiments on Chrysoperla sp. The direct and indirect effects of field-aged residues of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and lambda-cyhalothrin on C. johnsoni are discussed.
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Somavilla, Junior C., Alexandre C. Reis, Patricia da S. Gubiani, Daniela N. Godoy, Glauber R. Stürmer, and Oderlei Bernardi. "Susceptibility of Euschistus heros and Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Selected Insecticides in Brazil." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz340.
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Abstract Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) and Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius, 1775) are key pests of agricultural crops in Brazil. Chemical insecticides are the main control tactic used against these species. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of E. heros and D. furcatus from distinct regions to the mains insecticides used to stink bugs control in Brazil. Field populations of these species were collected throughout the 2017–2019 crop seasons and insects were exposed to insecticides in dip-test bioassays using fresh green bean pods. Populations of E. heros exhibited low variation in the susceptibility to acephate (LC50 = 172.2 to 1,008 µg a.i. per ml), and thiamethoxam (LC50 = 28.8 to 433.9 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios were less than 5.9- and 15.1-fold, respectively. In contrast, these populations had higher variation in the susceptibility to bifenthrin (LC50 = 26.7 to 636.1 µg a.i. per ml) and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC50 = 10.0 to 636.1 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios reaching 23.8- and 63.6-fold, respectively. Susceptibility monitoring data indicated a higher susceptibility of E. heros to the manufacturers field-recommended rates of acephate, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, and bifenthrin + acetamiprid than lambda-cyhalothrin. Populations of D. furcatus exhibited low variation in the susceptibility to acephate (LC50 = 219.2 to 614.1 µg a.i. per ml), bifenthrin (LC50 = 62.8 to 197.4 µg a.i. per ml), and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC50 = 189.5 to 2,538 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios were less than 13.4-fold. In summary, populations of E. heros are less susceptible to pyrethroids, while populations of D. furcatus have similar susceptibility to the insecticides evaluated.
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Lin, Lu, Shanshan Song, Xiaoling Wu, Liqiang Liu, Hua Kuang, and Chuanlai Xu. "Ultrasensitive immunochromatographic strip for the detection of cyhalothrin in foods." Analytical Methods 13, no. 27 (2021): 3040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ay00609f.
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Djouaka, Rousseau, Murielle Soglo, Michael Kusimo, Razack Adéoti, Armand Talom, Francis Zeukeng, Armand Paraïso, et al. "The Rapid Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Makes Treated Vegetables Relatively Safe for Consumption." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071536.
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Lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-cyhalothrin) is the most commonly used pyrethroid insecticide for vegetable farming in Benin. This insecticide is misused and overused by farmers, and hence may pose health hazards to consumers. We monitored λ-cyhalothrin residues in lettuce and cabbage from farms at the market gates in Cotonou and Parakou using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis techniques. These residues were also monitored on samples directly from farms (on-farm sampling) for 14 days post-treatment. Potential factors such as photolysis and hydrolysis involved in λ-cyhalothrin degradation were also screened. Results revealed that the level of λ-cyhalothrin residue concentrations in lettuce from Houeyiho decreased from 4.2 mg/kg on Day 1 to about 0.2 mg/kg on Day 7. On Day 9, analyzed lettuces were all λ-cyhalothrin free. In contrast, even 14 days after treatment of cabbage from Bawera (Parakou), we still recorded the presence of λ-cyhalothrin residues in analyzed samples. For samples from market gates, λ-cyhalothrin residues were found in lettuce from two markets out of the nine surveyed in Cotonou. Interestingly, none of these contaminated samples had residues above the maximum residue limit for lettuce (MRL = 0.5 mg/kg). Similarly, in Parakou, samples from all five surveyed vegetable markets were contaminated with λ-cyhalothrin residues at concentrations below the MRL for cabbage (MRL = 0.2 mg/kg). We conclude that λ-cyhalothrin residues in lettuce and cabbage from farms and markets in Parakou and Cotonou are within the MRL, and hence are relatively safe for consumption.
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Qin, He, Hong Zhang, Lingxiao Li, Xiaoteng Zhou, Junpei Li, and Chengyou Kan. "Preparation and properties of lambda-cyhalothrin/polyurethane drug-loaded nanoemulsions." RSC Advances 7, no. 83 (2017): 52684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10640h.
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Santamaria, Erika, and Catalina Marceló-Díaz. "Toxic Activity of Pyrethroids in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Magdalena River Basin, Colombia." Acta Biológica Colombiana 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v24n2.74570.
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The study aimed to determine the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and deltamethrin in L. longipalpis, through concentration-mortality bioassays. The test here was performed following WHO guidelines, but instead of using exposure WHO recipients and impregnated papers, 250 ml Wheaton glass bottles treated with 1 ml of insecticide solution were used. Batches of ten females of L. longipalpis were exposed to five concentrations of each pyrethroid that caused between 5 and 100 % mortality in this species. After 1 h of exposure, the females were transferred to observation recipients, and mortality was recorded 24 h later. The lethal concentrations (μg/ml) that killed 50 and 95 % (LC50 and LC95) of the exposed L. longipalpis females were 0.05 and 0.86 for lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.24 and 3.62 for alpha-cypermethrin and 0.53 and 4.72 for deltamethrin. Based on the LC50 obtained, lambda-cyhalothrin is the most toxic pyrethroid for L. longipalpis, followed by alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin. It is expected that these data may be useful in studies on the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of the three pyrethroids on the behavior of L. longipalpis and studies on the vector susceptibility to these pyrethroids.
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Piechowicz, Bartosz, Kinga Stawarczyk, and Michał Stawarczyk. "Insecticide and Food Consumption of Spanish Slug (Arion Lusitanicus Mabille 1868) / Insektycydy A Konsumpcja Pokarmu Przez Ślinika Luzytańskiego (Arion Lusitanicus Mabille 1868)." Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 17, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2012): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cdem-2013-0010.
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Abstract In the years 2007 and 2011, research was carried out on the impact of: pyrethroid group agents (beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin) benzoylphenyl ureas (teflubenzuron), derivatives of pyridine (pyriproxyfen), organophosphorus (diazinon) and neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid) on the food consumption by Spanish slug (Arion lusitanicus Mab). The quantity of food consumed by animals treated by plant protection agents, the quantity of food treated by insecticides consumed and food preferences of A. lusitanicus individuals were analysed. The slugs were made available a selection between food with an addition of insecticide and without it. The results obtained indicate that the preparations which contained lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin with which the animals were treated increase the quantity of food consumed by the Spanish slug. It was also shown that the food treated with lambdacyhalothrin and alpha cypermethrin is consumed in a larger amount than the food not treated by this preparation. Deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin and pyriproxyfen probably constitute food attractants for A. lusitanicus individuals and also alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate are additive, which reduces the attractiveness of food for slug.
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Jurisic, Aleksandar D., Aleksandra P. Petrovic, Dragana V. Rajkovic, and Slobodan Dj Nicin. "The application of lambda-cyhalothrin in tick control." Experimental and Applied Acarology 52, no. 1 (March 23, 2010): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9346-z.
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Soleño, J., L. B. Parra-Morales, L. Cichón, S. Garrido, N. Guiñazú, and C. M. Montagna. "Occurrence of pyrethroid resistance mutation in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) throughout Argentina." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000439.
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AbstractPyrethroid insecticides were intensively used against Cydia pomonella in the Río Negro and Neuquén valley, main production area of pome fruits in Argentina. Therefore, the first objective was to evaluate lambda-cyhalothrin resistance levels in C. pomonella larvae from orchards in this area that are currently under pyrethroids treatments. The second objective was to evaluate the frequency of kdr mutation in C. pomonella across Argentina. High levels of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios > 30) were determined in all the populations evaluated. The L1014F (kdr) mutation was evaluated in 355 diapausing larvae collected in 12 orchards from San Juan to Santa Cruz provinces (1690 km away from each other). The highest frequency of kdr mutation was determined in larvae from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley (0.61), followed by those from Mendoza (0.36). The kdr allele was absent or present at very low frequencies in orchards subjected to low pyrethroid pressure. The frequency of detection of kdr mutation in C. pomonella from Argentina is related to the use of pyrethroids against this pest in different areas. Target-site insensitivity is, at least, one of the mechanisms involved in resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in codling moth from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley.
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Al-Koleeby, Zalalham, Ahmed El Aboudi, Mithaq Assada, Mohamed Al-Hadi, Mohammed Abdalr Ahman, Abdullah Awash, Abdul Samad Ahmed, Hani Mohamedi, Jamil Al Jarbany, and Chafika Faraj. "The Current Insecticide Resistance in Main Malaria Vector Anopheles arabiensis in Yemen." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5625019.
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Control of malaria vectors in Yemen relies on both indoor residual spraying using carbamate (bendiocarb) and long-lasting pyrethroids-treated nets. This paper reports the results of studies conducted to monitor the insecticide resistance of the main malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis, to the insecticides currently used in the vector control in four different locations. Susceptibility tests were performed following the WHO test procedures. Two pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05% and deltamethrin 0.05%) and one carbamate (bendiocarb 0.1%) were tested at diagnostic doses (DD). The five-fold DD of lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin (0.25%) were also used to yield information on the intensity of resistance. Besides, tests with synergists were performed to assess the involvement of detoxifying enzyme in the phenotypic resistance of the populations of An. arabiensis to pyrethroids. The results of the performed susceptibility bioassay showed that the vector is susceptible to bendiocarb and resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin in the four studied areas. The pyrethroids resistance is solely metabolic. This information could help policy-makers to plan insecticide resistance management. Bendiocarb is still an effective insecticide in the form of IRS. Concerning LLINS, it would be interesting to assess their effectiveness, combining a pyrethroid with PBO for the control of the pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector.
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Wijerathna, Asha, Maya Evenden, Patty Reid, Breanne Tidemann, and Héctor Cárcamo. "Management of Pea Leaf Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Development of a Nominal Threshold in Faba Beans." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 4 (May 22, 2021): 1597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab086.
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Abstract Pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), can reduce the yield of field pea [Pisum sativum (L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae)] and faba bean [Vicia faba (L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae)]. Adults feed on the foliage and larvae feed on root nodules and nodule-associated Rhizobium Frank (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiacea) bacteria. In this study, we developed a data-based nominal threshold for pea leaf weevil in faba bean. We further tested the efficacy of insecticidal seed treatment and foliar insecticide (thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively), and nitrogen amendment for pea leaf weevil control using a multi-year field plot study at two sites in Alberta, Canada. Pea leaf weevil feeding damage significantly reduced faba bean yields. Thiamethoxam reduced adult and larval damage, and protected faba bean yield, while neither lambda-cyhalothrin nor a nitrogen amendment was effective in protecting yield. The percentage of seedlings with feeding on the terminal leaf had a negative relationship with yield and was used to estimate a nominal threshold near 15% of seedlings with terminal leaf damage. Since lambda-cyhalothrin is not effective in managing pea leaf weevil on faba bean, there is a need to research additional integrated pest management strategies to reduce prophylactic insecticidal seed treatments.
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Granada, Yurany, Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo, Sara Zuluaga, and Omar Triana-Chávez. "Molecular surveillance of resistance to pyrethroids insecticides in Colombian Aedes aegypti populations." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): e0010001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010001.
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Introduction In Colombia, organochloride, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used to control Aedes aegypti populations. However, Colombian mosquito populations have shown variability in their susceptibility profiles to these insecticides, with some expressing high resistance levels. Materials and methods In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility status of ten Colombian field populations of Ae. aegypti to two pyrethroids; permethrin (type-I pyrethroid) and lambda-cyhalothrin (type-II pyrethroid). In addition, we evaluated if mosquitoes pressured with increasing lambda-cyhalothrin concentrations during some filial generations exhibited altered allelic frequency of these kdr mutations and the activity levels of some metabolic enzymes. Results Mosquitoes from all field populations showed resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin. We found that resistance profiles could only be partially explained by kdr mutations and altered enzymatic activities such as esterases and mixed-function oxidases, indicating that other yet unknown mechanisms could be involved. The molecular and biochemical analyses of the most pyrethroid-resistant mosquito population (Acacías) indicated that kdr mutations and altered metabolic enzyme activity are involved in the resistance phenotype expression. Conclusions In this context, we propose genetic surveillance of the mosquito populations to monitor the emergence of resistance as an excellent initiative to improve mosquito-borne disease control measures.
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Tkachuk, T. V. "Studying the history of synthesis and chemical structure of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, and mutagenicity of pyrethroids in the in vivo test for micronucleus induction (literature review and data of own studies)." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 84, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2018-84-4-42-58.
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Introduction. Pyrethroids are analogues of natural pyrethrins, primarily isolated from plants of the genus Pymthrum, a family of Asteraceae known for their insecticidal properties. Objective. To study literature data on the history of synthesis, peculiarities of the chemical structure of pyrethrins, pyrethroids and their most common isomers, a combination of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) with other chemical substances and insecticidal activity of SPs. Also, to perform an experimental assessment of SP mutagenicity. Materials and Мethods. For the literature review, data of international organizations, electronic databases and articles of the authors from different countries were used. To study SP mutagenicity, in vivo test for micronucleus (MN) induction in polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCE) in mice bone marrow was used. Five active substances of SPs were studied: Cypermethrin 94.0 % at the doses of 46.0, 9.2,1.84 mg/kg body weight, 2 samples of Alpha-cypermethrin — 94.0 and 94.7 % at the doses of 20.0,2.0, 0.2 mg/kg, and 2 samples of Lambda-cyhalothrin — 95.2 and 97.1 % at the doses of 5.0,1.0, 0.2 mg/kg. Results and Discussion. The history of SP synthesis dates back about 70 years. Currently, a significant number of SPs were synthesised that differ in chemical structure, have different strength of insecticidal action, as well as may be used in combination with other compounds. Results of experimental studies suggest that Cypermethrin at the doses from 46.0 to 1.84 mg/kg body weight, 2 samples of Alpha-cypermethrin at the doses from 20.0 to 0.2 mg/kg body weight, as well as 2 samples of Lambda-cyhalothrin at the doses 1.0 and 0.2 mg/kg did not show significant increase in MNPCE level in PCs. However, both samples of Lambda-cyhalothrin at the doses: 5.0 mg/kg body weight induced statistically significant exceeding of the spontaneous rate of MNPCE (р < 0.05). Conclusion. Cypermethrin at the doses from 46.0 to 1.84 mg/kg body weight did not show a significant increase in MNPCE level. Samples of Alpha-cypermethrin at the doses from 20.0 to 0.2 mg/kg body weight did not show a significant increase in MN level. Samples of Lambda-cyhalothrin at the doses from 1.0 to 0.2 mg/kg did not show a significant increase in MN level. Samples of Lambda-cyhalothrin at the doses: 5.0 mg/kg body weight induced statistically significant exceeding of the spontaneous rate of MNPCE in comparison with the data of negative and historical controls.
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Kopcha, N. "Formation of natural groups of epiphytic bacteria in fruit garden with recommended pesticide loading." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 63 (November 20, 2017): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2017.63.86-97.
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Determined the total number of groups of epiphytic microbiota phyloplans of apple and pear in different phenological phases of growth which is in the range of 104—106 (cl/h) kidneys, flowers, leaves; taxonomic and species composition of the epiphytic microbiota. Established the peculiarities of formation of natural groups of epiphytic bacteria in fruit garden with recommended pesticide loading. The effect of difenoconazole and lambda-cyhalothrin pesticides and their mixtures on the epiphytic microbiote of the fruit is analyzed. Epiphytic bacteria are more susceptible to fungicide; the total number of groups of epiphytic microbiota was restored 10 to 20 days after using the pesticide. Epithelium bacteria of apple and pear are resistant to the action of lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide in the recommended standards.
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Morais, Jacqueline Lavinscky Costa, Maria Aparecida Castellani, Carlos Gilberto Raetano, Juliana Alves de Macêdo, Moisés Silva Nery, and Gabriela Luz Pereira Moreira. "Lambda-cyhalothrin efficiency on fruit borer control and quali-quantitative spraying aspects in a pinecone crop." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, no. 3 (June 2016): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016403044415.
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ABSTRACT In Brazil, the state of Bahia is one of the largest pinecone (Annona squamosa L.) growers; nevertheless, fruit borer (Cerconota anonella L.) presence limits production. This research aimed to test the efficiency of lambda-cyhalothrin in controlling fruit borer using different spray volumes; additionally, this research tested qualitative and quantitative operational aspects. Trials were carried out in pinecone orchards in Caraíbas-BA, Brazil. Pesticide efficiency was tested by a randomized block experiment with six treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of lambda-cyhalothrin application (1.5 g a.i. 100 L-1 water) with a surfactant (0.03% v v-1) at spray volumes of 100, 200, 268, 382 and 488 L ha-1 and one control (without spray). Pest infestation was assessed by counting symptomatic fruits for further percentage calculation. Five treatments with five replications were developed to evaluate spraying performance. These treatments consisted of an aqueous solution with a Brilliant Blue tracer at 0.15% (p v-1) and a surfactant at 0.03% (v v-1), using the same spray volumes as the first experiment. Qualitative assessments were performed on water-sensitive paper cards and were quantified through tracer deposit levels on leaves. Spray volumes between 100 and 382 L ha-1 with lambda-cyhalothrin were efficient to control Cerconota anonella in the pinecone crop, providing good quality application.
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Bloese, Joanna B., Kevin M. Goding, and Larry D. Godfrey. "Alternative Chemical Control Options and Monitoring Techniques for Triops longicaudatus (Notostraca: Triopsidae) in California Rice." Journal of Economic Entomology 115, no. 1 (November 11, 2021): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab207.
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Abstract The tadpole shrimp (Triops longicaudatus (Leconte); Notostraca; Triopsidae) is a vernal pool crustacean that has emerged as a significant pest for many rice farmers in California. Currently, lambda-cyhalothrin is the commercial standard and sole management practice for TPS, but resistance appears to be emerging. Field and laboratory trials were conducted from 2015 to 2018 at the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, California, and in greenhouses at the University of California (UC) Davis to evaluate the efficacy of several alternative chemical controls and to explore early indicators of TPS activity and damage as monitoring tools. TPS mortality in plots treated with azadirachtin was not significantly different from those in the untreated control across all trials. Copper sulfate, lambda-cyhalothrin, and clothianidin were consistently effective across both lab and field trials. Chlorantraniliprole generated effective control in four of the five trials, whereas two diflubenzuron rates generated adequate control in the field, but not in laboratory bioassays. Thus, there appear to be several effective alternative control options available for farmers, should resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin continue to spread. Water turbidity (measured using a scale of 1–4) and the number of dislodged seedlings were both significantly correlated with TPS counts in field studies. Turbidity exhibited the highest correlations with TPS counts, suggesting that with further refinement it could play a valuable role in monitoring TPS populations.
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Silva, Gabriela Vieira, Adeney De Freitas Bueno, Bruna Magda Favetti, and Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro Neves. "Selectivity of chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin to the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p549.
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Soybean plants host a diverse complex of pest insects, which can occur simultaneously during crop development. Thus, the use of egg parasitoids for the management of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) depends on the selectivity of the pesticides to the stink bug. Thus, the selectivity of the active ingredients chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin to the parasitoid Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) was evaluated. The bioassays were carried out under controlled conditions (27 ± 2 ºC and 50 ± 10% relative humidity) for the pupal and adult phases of the parasitoid. The design was completely randomized, with 10 treatments and five replicates composed of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin in different doses, as well as a negative control using water and a positive control using chlorpyrifos. We used a Potter Tower for the applications, and evaluations were carried out 24, 72, and 120 hours after the applications. Experimental methods and analyses to determine the harmfulness of the products to the insects were in accordance with International Organization for Biological Control standards. Chlorantraniliprole, at all doses tested, was less harmful to the parasitoid, especially in the adult phase; the doses were classified as class 1. The chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin mixture at its highest dose was classified as class 4, at 72 and 120 hours after application. For the pupal phase of the parasitoid, there were no significant differences, and the products were classified as class 1, except for the highest dose of chlorantraniliprole, which classified as class 2, at 24 hours after application. Thus, chlorantraniliprole can be considered a tool in the management of soybean pests. Its selectivity to T. podisi under the conditions tested presents low or no negative interference when sprayed on pupae and adults. However, the chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin mixture should be used with caution, respecting the time of application and the recommended doses, as it interferes negatively in the development of the parasitoid and should be replaced when possible.
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Pereira, Roberto M. "BARRIER TREATMENTS USING COMBINED LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN AND PYRIPROXYFEN REDUCE PERIDOMESTIC AEDES MOSQUITOES IN A SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT." Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association 68, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v68i1.129106.
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Barrier treatment of vegetation using lambda-cyhalothrin has been shown to be effective at reducing adult mosquito populations in the US. However, recent investigations have indicated that standard residual adulticide barrier treatments may be enhanced when combined with an insect growth regulator targeting immature stages that could be transferred to immature habitat by adults contacting treated surfaces. We conducted field trials at residential sites in a subtropical urban environment in north central Florida treating blocks of vegetation with residual sprays of lambda-cyhalothrin (Demand® CS) and pyriproxyfen (Archer®) alone and in combination treatments to determine their efficacy against peridomestic mosquitoes. The combined treatment resulted in consistent approximately 100% reduction in Aedes mosquito eggs for 16 wk post-treatment compared to not significantly lower but more variable reductions at alone treatment sites.
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Giddings, Jeffrey M., Ian Barber, and William Warren-Hicks. "Comparative aquatic toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin and its resolved isomer gamma-cyhalothrin." Ecotoxicology 18, no. 2 (November 13, 2008): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0277-y.
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KADAM, D. R., B. V. DEORE, and S. M. UMATE. "Residues and dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin in pomegranate fruits." ASIAN JOURNAL OF BIO SCIENCE 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajbs/10.1/27-32.
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