Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lamellar compound

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Lamellar compound'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lamellar compound"

1

Yunrong, Ren, Xu Ya, Sun Zuqing, and Chen Guoliang. "Site Occupation of Ternary Element in an Alti Compound by Alchemi." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135691.

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Site occupation of alloying additions in AlTi compounds is important for high temperature alloys development. In this paper, we intend to locate the ternary element Nb in an AITi compound using the ALCHEMI technique. With the L10_type structure, the planes of either (110) or (001) are composed of Al and Ti atoms alterately. Therefore, the ternary element dissolved in the AITi compound can be easily located by ALCHEMI technique[1,2].A Specimen of 51.1 at%Al-41.5at%Ti-7.4at%Nb alloy was used. The structure of this specimen is composed of AlTi, Ti3Al, and other intermetallic compounds which were examined by x_ray diffraction and electron diffraction. The electron micrograph of Fig. 1 shows the compounds structure with lamellar features. Lamellae of AlTi phase of about 1 μm in width were chosen for analysis. The composition of this AlTi phase is about 45at%Al, 44at%Ti, and 11 at%Nb by x_ray analysis in non_channelling condition.
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Dorset, Douglas L. "How Different are the Crystal Structures of Chiral and Racemic Diacylphosphatidylethanolamines?" Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1988): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-5-601.

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Both chiral and racemic phosphatidylethanolamines are known to crystallize in a similar polymorphic form with nearly the same lamellar spacing; yet published lamellar X-ray diffraction intensity data for those materials do not agree with one another, even though the peak positions in Patterson maps are nearly the same. Translational structural searches based on the crystal structure of the racemic compound also lead to similar packing models with both data sets, although the agreement between model and observed data is poor for the chiral compound. A separate analysis of ʟ-DMPE based on lamellar electron diffraction data again leads to a similar lamellar structure with a better agreement between calculated and observed structure factors. The major difference seen for enantiomeric vs. racemic compounds is that, for the racemic lipid, the lateral unit cell spacings are about 3% larger than the chiral form, perhaps indicating a more stable hydrogen bonding network, in agreement with the higher melting point of the racemic compound. Attempts to explain this difference with other head group conformations, however, have not yet produced an improved structural model.
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Saito, Yukie. "The Lamellar Compound from β Chitin." Kobunshi 55, no. 7 (2006): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.55.500.

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Jakubec, Martin, Christian Totland, Frode Rise, Elahe Jafari Chamgordani, Britt Paulsen, Louis Maes, An Matheeussen, Lise-Lotte Gundersen, and Øyvind Halskau. "Bioactive Metabolites of Marine Origin Have Unusual Effects on Model Membrane Systems." Marine Drugs 18, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18020125.

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Marine sponges and soft corals have yielded novel compounds with antineoplastic and antimicrobial activities. Their mechanisms of action are poorly understood, and in most cases, little relevant experimental evidence is available on this topic. In the present study, we investigated whether agelasine D (compound 1) and three agelasine analogs (compound 2–4) as well as malonganenone J (compound 5), affect the physical properties of a simple lipid model system, consisting of dioleoylphospahtidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. The data indicated that all the tested compounds increased stored curvature elastic stress, and therefore, tend to deform the bilayer which occurs without a reduction in the packing stress of the hexagonal phase. Furthermore, lower concentrations (1%) appear to have a more pronounced effect than higher ones (5–10%). For compounds 4 and 5, this effect is also reflected in phospholipid headgroup mobility assessed using 31P chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) values of the lamellar phases. Among the compounds tested, compound 4 stands out with respect to its effects on the membrane model systems, which matches its efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Future work that aims to increase the pharmacological usefulness of these compounds could benefit from taking into account the compound effects on the fluid lamellar phase at low concentrations.
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Lybeer, Bieke, and Gerald Koch. "A Topocuemical and Semiquantitative Study of The Lignification During Ageing of Bamboo Culms (Phyllostachys Viridiglaucescens)." IAWA Journal 26, no. 1 (2005): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001605.

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The lignification of Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens (Carr.) Riv. & Riv. during ageing was studied topochemically by means of UV microspectrophotometry. The study revealed that p-coumaric and ferulic acids are widely distributed in P. viridiglaucescens and that their content is dependent on the anatomicallocation and the differentiation phase. The lignin in the epidermal cell wall is deposited early in the development and does not increase with age. This is in contrast with the fibres and the ground parenchyma cells where an increasing trend in lignification during the first year is shown. The early maturing fibres of the vascular bundles reveal a maximum absorbance value at 280 nm (guaiacyl peak) whereas the late maturing fibres displaya shoulder at 310-320 nm in young culms and a guaiacyl peak in older culms. The S2 fibre wall has a lamellar structure with an increasing lignin content from the centre towards the compound middle lamella. The compound middle lamellae show higher absorbance values and are richer in p-coumaric and ferulic acid esters in comparison to the S2 wall layers. The vessel walls have a low lignin content.
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Ouili, Z., A. Leblanc, and P. Colombet. "Crystal structure of a new lamellar compound:." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 66, no. 1 (January 1987): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(87)90223-4.

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Hasegawa, Makoto, Tomohiro Inui, and Ivo Dlouhý. "Effect of Heat Treatment at (β+γ) Two Phase Region on Fracture Toughness in TiAl Intermetallic Compound." Key Engineering Materials 810 (July 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.810.21.

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Effects of holding temperature and time at (β+γ) two phase region on the microstructure of fully lamellar Ti-46Al-7Nb-0.7Cr-0.2Ni-0.1Si (mol%) intermetallic compounds are studies. Fully lamellar microstructure is observed after homogenization heat treatment for 3.6 ks at 1643 K (α single phase state). Fine β phased grains precipitate at fully lamellar structure after heat treatment of homogenized material at 1373 K. Holding the homogenized material for 72 ks at 1373 K decompose partially the lamellar structure. Heat treatment of homogenized material at 1273 K also precipitates the fine β phased grains in fully lamellar structure. In this temperature range, decomposition of lamellar structure is not observed up to 72 ks heat treatment. The toughness of homogenized material is ~ 15 MPa√m. Heat treatment of homogenized material at 1373 K and 1273 K for 3.6 ks indicates maximum fracture toughness in each temperature range. This may due to the precipitation of fine β phased grains. The fracture toughness decreases with the increase in heat treatment time up to 18 ks and/or 36 ks. Then, the value of fracture toughness became constant. Specimens heat treated at 1373 K for 36 ks and 72 ks indicate lower toughness than homogenized material. However, when the specimens are heat treated at 1273 K for 36 ks and 72 ks, the toughness is higher than that of homogenized material. This change is due to the decomposition of the lamellar structure.
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Sakurai, Koji, Makoto Hasegawa, and Ivo Dlouhý. "Fracture Toughness of Massively Transformed and Subsequently Heat Treated TiAl Intermetallic Compound." Key Engineering Materials 741 (June 2017): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.741.25.

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The effects of massive transformation and subsequent heat treatments on the microstructure of Ti-46Al-7Nb-0.7Cr-0.2Ni-0.1Si (mol%) intermetallic compounds are studied. Massive transformation occurs at the center region of the specimen by cooling from α single phase state. At the surface side of the specimen, α phase has remained. Fine convoluted microstructure with α2, γ phases and lamellar structure has formed by heating at (α+γ) two phase state after massive transformation. Colony size or grain size is about 25 μm. Fine fully lamellar structure is obtained after heat treatment of convoluted microstructure at α phase for 60 s. Fracture toughness seems to be increasing with the increase in lamellar colony size. However, some massively transformed specimens show lower toughness due to the formation of microdamage present in samples before the test.
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Lybeer, Bieke, and Gerald Koch. "Lignin Distribution in the Tropical Bamboo Species Gigantochloa Levis." IAWA Journal 26, no. 4 (2005): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000126.

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The lignin distribution within the cell walls of Gigantochloa levis was studied topochemically by means of TEM and cellular UV microspectrophotometry. The distribution of lignin structural units in different anatomical regions is described and lignification of the tropical bamboo species Gigantochloa levis is compared with that of the temperate bamboo species Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens. Considerable differences were found in cell wall structure between fibres adjacent to the vascular tissue, fibres of free fibre strands and parenchyma cells. The S2 fibre wall in general has a lamellar structure with an increasing lignin content from the centre towards the compound middle lamella. P-coumaric and ferulic acids are more widely distributed in G. levis and their content depends on the anatomical location. The early maturing fibres adjacent to the vascular tissue and at the outer culm wall reveal a maximum absorbance at 280 nm (guaiacyl peak) whereas the late maturing fibres display a shoulder at 310–320 nm. This is in contrast to P. viridiglaucescens where the late maturing fibres also show a maximum peak at 280 nm. The compound middle lamellae show higher absorbance values and are richer in p-coumaric and ferulic acid esters in comparison to the S2 wall layers. The vessel walls have a lower lignin content. A difference in lignin content between the various ages and between flowering and non-flowering culms could not be observed.
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Wang, Feng, Bai Qing Xiong, Yon Gan Zhang, Hong Wei Liu, Zhi Hui Li, and Xi Wu Li. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spray-Deposited Zn-30Al-1Cu Alloy." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.264.

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In this study, Zn-30Al-1Cu alloy was synthesized by the spray atomization and deposition technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and tensile tests. It can be seen that the microstructure of spray-deposited Zn-30Al-1Cu alloy is composed of the Zn/Al eutectoids and few compounds. The Zn/Al eutectoids were shown lamellar, particle and Chinese script morphologies. The compound phases in the microstructure of the spray-deposited alloy were examined. The property test results indicate that the spray-deposited Zn-30Al-1Cu alloy displays superior tensile strength.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lamellar compound"

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GRANDIN, LEROY ANNICK. "Oxydes ternaires de niobium et de titane a structure lamellaire et a charpente tridimensionnelle." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2004.

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Sytnhese de natinbo5 qui par intercalation donne une serie de composes h2-2xax(tinbo5)::(2). Nh::(2)o et des composes (h::(3)nc::(n)h::(2n)nh::(3))::(0,5)tanbo::(5). On synthetise l'oxyde h::(3)ti::(5)nbo::(14). H::(2)o. Structure et proprietes magnetiques
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Reis, Márcio José dos. "Síntese e caracterização de hidróxidos duplos lamelares preparados na presença de polímeros orgânicos ou com macromoléculas intercaladas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-16062009-134859/.

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Compostos lamelares do tipo da hidrotalcita ou hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDL), são materiais que possuem notáveis propriedades estruturais, químicas, eletrônicas, iônicas, ópticas e magnéticas. Em função dessas propriedades, os HDL apresentam uma diversidade de aplicações tais como adsorventes e catalisadores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar polímeros e macromoléculas na preparação e caracterização de HDL, visando melhorar as propriedades texturais dos HDL de MgAl-CO3 preparados em meio contendo polímeros orgânicos ou a intercalação direta de dendrímeros tipo PAMAM de gerações -0,5 e +0,5 em HDL do sistema Zn/Al. Os HDL de MgAl-CO3 foram preparados pela adaptação do método de coprecipitação a pH decrescente, com a presença de polímeros solubilizados no meio, como molde. Os materiais foram caracterizados por difração de Raios X, análise termogravimétrica, espectroscopia no infravermelho e medidas de área superficial por BET. Baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que propriedades texturais dos HDL preparados são modificadas, quando na presença de alguns polímeros. Na maioria dos casos, os valores calculados de área superficial específica foram mais elevados, em comparação com aquele obtido para o HDL preparado em meio reacional sem polímero. Isto pode ser explicado pela diminuição do tamanho de partículas e aumento no diâmetro médio de poros dos materiais preparados, provocada pela presença de polímeros no meio reacional. Os HDL intercalados com dendrímeros PAMAM G-0,5 e PAMAM G+0,5 foram preparados por duas rotas diferentes: coprecipitação a pH constante e troca iônica em fase dupla. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por meio de difração de Raios X, análise de termogravimétrica associada à espectrometria de massas e espectroscopia no infravermelho. Utilizando os dois procedimentos de preparação, a intercalação de PAMAM G-0,5 deu origem a HDL com os mesmos espaçamentos basais, concordando com a intercalação dos ânions do dendrímero em um arranjo perpendicular à lamela do HDL, enquanto que para a intercalação do PAMAM G+0,5, espaçamentos basais muito menores do que o tamanho da molécula foram obtidos. A diferença entre a distância interlamelar observada e a esperada pode ser explicada por um arranjo peculiar das moléculas desse dendrímero em uma forma elipsoidal, devido às interações intramoleculares. Espectros no infravermelho confirmam a presença dos dendrímeros nos materiais Zn2Al-PAMAM G-0,5 e Zn2Al-PAMAM G+0,5. Finalmente, a presença destes dendrímeros foi confirmada por análise térmica associada com espectrometria de massas. Os estudos de Raios X com variação de temperatura in situ e as análises termogravimétricas revelaram que o material obtido pela intercalação do PAMAM G+0,5 é termicamente menos estável do que aquele intercalado com PAMAM G-0,5, concordando com a diferença de estabilidade entre os dendrímeros livres.
Hydrotalcite-like lamellar compounds or layered double hydroxides (LDH) are materials that present notable structural, chemical, electronic, ionic, optical and magnetic properties. Depending on these properties, the LDH present a great variety of applications such as adsorbents and catalysts. The aim of this work is to prepare and to characterize MgAl-CO3-LDH prepared in aqueous media containing organic polymer to improve textural properties, and to prepare HDL by intercalation of dendrimer (PAMAM) of generations -0.5 and +0.5 in ZnAl-HDL. MgAl-CO3-HDL samples were prepared by an adaptation of the coprecipitation method at decreasing pH, with the presence of polymers in the aqueous media as template. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, termogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and BET isotherms. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the textural properties of the prepared LDH were modified. The calculated values of specific surface area were higher in most of the cases compared with those obtained by the LDH prepared without polymer due to a decrease of the particle size and an increase in the average pore diameter of the prepared materials due to the presence of polymers. HDL with intercalated (PAMAM) dendrimers G-0.5 and G+0.5 were prepared by two different methods: coprecipitation at constant pH, and ionic exchange in double phase. The obtained materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis associated with mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. X-ray powder diffraction patterns exhibit the characteristic profiles of the lamellar materials with basal spacing depending on the nature of the dendrimer. For both preparation methods, the intercalation of PAMAM G-0.5 gives rise to LDH with basal spacing in agreement with the dendrimer molecules perpendicular to the layer of the host structure, while for PAMAM G+0.5 a basal spacing smaller than the molecule size was obtained. The difference between the obtained and the expected value is explained by an accommodation of the dendrimer molecule in an ellipsoidal shape, due to the intra-molecular interactions. Infrared spectra confirm the presence of dendrimers in the Zn2Al-PAMAM G-0.5 and Zn2Al-PAMAM G+0.5 materials. Finally, thermal analyses associated with mass spectrometry confirm the presence of these dendrimers. Powder X-ray diffraction with in situ temperature variation reveals that the material obtained by the PAMAM G+0.5 intercalation is thermally less stable than that prepared by PAMAM G-0.5 intercalation, in agreement with the difference in the thermal stability of the free dendrimers.
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Diaz, Mesa Ivonne Marcela. "Studies of some lamellar inorganic host compounds and their organic intercalates." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28760/.

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For many years organic conducting polymers have been used for electronic and photonic applications. Although there are many advantages of using these sorts of polymers, their poor environmental stability is still an issue that needs further investigation. Intercalation of organic polymer into the interlayer space of inorganic host materials is an effective way of producing well organised nanocomposites with properties that can be used for various industrial applications, including the production of electronic devices which are environmentally more stable. The preparation of a number of luminescent semiconducting nanocomposites of manganese phosphorus trisulphide (MnPS3), cadmium phosphorus trisulphide (CdPS3) and vanadyl phosphate (VOP04) containing the organic polymer poly(phenylene vinylene ) (PPV) by intercalation is herein described along with the characterisation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared (IR) and raman spectroscopy, and X ray diffraction (XRD). In addition to this we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to monitor the physical changes in crystallinity of the host materials. An average increase of 5.05 A in the interlayer distance was observed through XRD, a strong indicator of intercalation of the polymer. It was also found that the environmental stability of the composites was enhanced in comparison with PPV alone by doing fluorescence analysis. Moreover, electrical conductivity studies showed that the composites presented higher conductivity relative to the constituent inorganic hosts.
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Pérignon, Alain. "Contribution à l'étude de composés d'insertion du graphite : Composés binaires graphite-chlorure métallique, composés ternaires à couches alternées de type accepteur-accepteur et accepteur-donneur." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10008.

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L'insertion de chlorures métalliques (CO, CD, CU, IN) dans le graphite conduit à des composés plus anisotropes et à des couches insérées lacunaires. L'action de réactifs plus volatils (trichlorures de AR et AL, K) sur des phases de stade supérieur à 1, aboutit à des composés ternaires à couches insérées alternées. La première partie présente la synthèse des composés binaires et une étude structurale par diffraction des RX et des électrons. La deuxième partie est consacrée au même type d'étude sur les composés ternaires à couches alternées. Cette analyse a permis de déterminer les structures de mailles planes, les distances entre les plans atomiques, les dimensions de domaines monocristallins, le mode d'empilement des couches selon C**(->) et a révélé une organisation différente de ARCL::(3) dans certains ternaires. La troisième partie de crit diverses études physiques de ces matériaux
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Li, Zhigang. "Formation et simulation de l'image en microscopie electronique a haute resolution : application a la structure de composes de type "lamellaire"." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30282.

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Cette these etudie trois problemes specifiques de la microscopie electronique a haute resolution : le transfert du contraste des images, leur interpretation au moyen de simulations et l'application de cette technique a la determination des structures locales dans les materiaux cristallins, au niveau atomique. Obtention de resultats originaux en ce qui concerne la microstructure de materiaux de type lamelllaire : dans les composes de type re::(6) se::(8) cl::(2), avant et apres insertion d'hydrazine, dans les composes de type mps::(3) et dans taps::(6)se
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Theys, Bertrand. "Photoelectrochimie du seleniure d'indium." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077165.

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Rannou, Isabelle. "Etudes sous pression de la transition de phase interpolytypique du sulfure de gallium." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066063.

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Etude entre 0 et dollar GPA, permettant de mettre en évidence une transition de basse pression à 1,6 GPA; mesures de l'absorption optique et de l'indice de réfraction, de la diffusion Raman et de la diffusion Brillouin; analyse des variations a la transition. Description satisfaisante des variations des modes de vibration au moyen d'un modèle de dynamique réticulaire a forces centrales.
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Talbaoui, Ahmed. "Etude en microscopie électronique par cryofracture des systèmes chlorures et bromure de dodécylamine-eau." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES006.

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Après une importante bibliographie concernant les phases lyotropes et les techniques cryogéniques en microscopie électronique, l'auteur expose les résultats de ses observations en cryofracture sur les systèmes du titre. Description de la transition lamellaire-nématique et comparaison aux modèles présentés par d'autres auteurs. Discussion de la validité de la technique de cryofracture pour ce type de systèmes
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Charenton, Jean-Claude. "Synthèse et caractérisation structurale et physico-chimique de quelques variétés non-stoechiométriques de bioxyde de manganèse." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10089.

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Compose etudiees : axmnoy, zh::(2)o a = na, k, rb, cs, mn (phyllomanganates) et mno::(1,93-1,98), zh::(2)o (type mno::(2) nongamma epsilon ). Pour les phyllomanganates, l'etude des variations des parametres cristallins et de la teneur en eau z en fonction de la temperature t et de l'hygrometrie rh confirme la structure lamellaire. Mesures de conductivite en fonction de t et rh. La structure des composes de type mno::(2) nongamma epsilon est basee sur une intercroissance de reseaux de type rutile et ramsdellite
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Oyetola, Samuel. "Synthese et etude des composes a**(i)m**(v)p::(2)o::(8) (a = k, rb, cs; m = sb, nb, mo, ta) et des acides echangeurs ioniques hm**(v)(po::(4))::(2),xh::(2)o (m = sb, ta), nouveaux types de luminophores potentiels : les phases (m'**(iii)::(1/2)m**(v)::(1/2))p::(2)o::(7) (m'=sb, bi, ln; m=sb, nb, ta)." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2008.

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Premilere partie: la plupart des phases du titre ont une structure en couches voisine de celle de zrp-alpha. Le traitement en milieu acide des phases en couches km**(i)(po::(4))::(2), m=sb, ta permet d'obtenir les acides correspondant hm**(v)(po::(4))::(2)xh::(2)o. Un autre acide, hta(po::(4))::(2) 3d, peut etre obtenu directement par voie seche, description de sa structure tridimensionnelle. Determination de la teneur en eau, de la structure et du comportement thermique de ces differents acides dont la thermolyse conduit a des phases originales qui sont etudiees. Seconde partie: dans la premiere famille, les phases (m'**(iii)::(1/2)m**(v)::(3/2)) (po::(4))::(3) sont de type nasicon ou sc::(2)(no::(4))::(3) ou d'un nouveau type structural, dans la seconde, les phases m'**(iii)::(1/2)m**(v)::(1/2))p::(2)o::(7) presentent des structures voisines de celle de zrp::(2)o::(7)
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Book chapters on the topic "Lamellar compound"

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Bonnin, D., and P. Kaiser. "X-Ray absorption in intercalated lamellar compounds." In Chemical Physics of Intercalation, 319–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9649-0_17.

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Yamaguchi, M., and H. Inui. "Deformation Behavior of TiAl Compounds with the TiAl/Ti3Al Lamellar Microstructure." In Ordered Intermetallics — Physical Metallurgy and Mechanical Behaviour, 217–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2534-5_16.

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John Park, D. J., and Andrew Harrison. "Reconstruction of the Lower Eyelid." In Surgery of the Eyelid, Lacrimal System, and Orbit. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195340211.003.0008.

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The lower eyelid, tethered medially and laterally by the canthal tendons, is normally suspended at the level of the inferior limbus with the aid of orbicularis tone counterbalanced by the force of the lower eyelid retractors and gravity. The lower eyelid is apposed to the globe because of the posterior position of the canthal tendon insertions relative to the projection of the globe. Disruption of the normal anatomic relationships from trauma or inflammatory disease or as a result of surgical resection of tumors can result in a poorly functioning lower eyelid with poor cosmesis. The lower eyelid has been conceptualized as consisting of three layers or lamellae. The anterior lamella is composed of skin and orbicularis muscle; the middle lamella is composed of the lower eyelid retractor (capsulopalpebral fascia) and fat; and the posterior lamella is composed of tarsus and conjunctiva. One or more of the lamellae may be disrupted following trauma or tumor resection, and each layer must be addressed in order to reconstruct a normal-appearing and -functioning lower eyelid. Imbalance of tension at the anterior and posterior lamellae, especially in the setting of lower eyelid laxity, can result in malrotation of the eyelid margin, causing entropion or ectropion. For example, inflammation and scarring of the conjunctiva from Stevens-Johnson syndrome or ocular cicatricial pemphigoid will produce entropion, whereas contraction of vertical cutaneous scar or ichthyosis will cause ectropion. A balance of tension of the lamellae must be maintained during reconstruction of the lower eyelid in order to prevent secondary malrotation. Disruption of normal anatomy as often seen following trauma can be addressed by reapproximation of the disrupted segments to their normal anatomic positions. Only rarely will trauma to the lower eyelid result in loss of tissue. Reconstruction with local flaps or free grafts is occasionally needed in traumatic cases that present in a delayed fashion. Local flaps and free grafts are needed to fill and reconstruct a defect in the lower eyelid, a situation that most often presents following resection of tumor.
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Blanco, C., R. Ruiz, C. Pesquera, and F. González. "Catalytic behaviour of Rh-supported catalysts on lamellar and zeolitic structures by anchoring of organometallic compound." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 499–507. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80691-6.

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Tadeu Cestarolli, Dane, and Elidia Maria Guerra. "Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5): Their Obtaining Methods and Wide Applications." In Transition Metal Compounds - Synthesis, Properties, and Application. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96860.

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The first synthesis of pentoxide vanadium (V2O5) as gel completed 135 years in 2020. Since its first synthesis, the V2O5 has attracted attention over the years in different areas in science and technology. There are several possibilities to obtain V2O5 resulting in different structures. Among these methods, it is possible to mention the sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), template-based methods, reverse micelle techniques, Pechini method and electrochemical deposition that can be considered as the great asset for its varied structures and properties. Progress towards obtaining of different structures of V2O5, and phases have been resulted in lamellar structure with wide interlayer spacing, good chemical and thermal stability and thermoelectric and electrochromic properties. Throughout this advancement, its performance for industrial applications have made a strong candidate in electrochromic devices, photovoltaic cell, reversible cathode materials for Li batteries, supercapacitor, among others. This chapter will be to assist an updated review since the first synthesis up to current development.
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Schober, Wilhelm, and Giovanni Canalini. "Performance of Lamellar High-Purity Submicrometer and Compacted Talc Products in Polypropylene Compounds." In Plastics Engineering. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203911808.ch16.

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"Performance of Lamellar High-Purity Submicrometer and Compacted Talc Products in Polypropylene Compounds." In Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, Revised and Expanded, 572–91. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203911808-21.

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Morari do Nascimento, Gustavo. "Two Spectroscopies as Main Source for Investigation of Polymer-Clay Materials." In Clay Science and Technology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95825.

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In the recent years the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials has been one of the most efficacious way to produce new materials with improved or completely new properties. The polymer-clay nanocomposites are one of the most interesting nanomaterials with the possibility to create a myriad of new materials with many applications. Lamellar materials are classified as two-dimensional (2D), because there are formed by platelets piled up in one crystallographic direction, as the graphite and clays. The synthesis of controlled dimensional nanostructures as well as the characterization of the intrinsic and potentially peculiar properties of these nanostructures are central themes in nanoscience. The study of different nanostructures has great potential to test and understand fundamental concepts about the role of particle dimensionality on their physicochemical properties. Among the various materials studied in the literature, undoubtedly, polymer-clay materials, especially conducting polymers with smectite clays, such as montmorillonites (MMT) are of particular note. Our group have paid many efforts in the characterization of nanomaterials by using powerful spectroscopic techniques to study both the guest and host in case of inclusion compounds, nanofibers, carbon allotropes or many phases present in polymer-clay nanocomposites. There are two central questions that it was possible to address in this study: (i) the molecular structure of the polymer is drastically changed inside the interlayer cavity of clay and (ii) by using the appropriate synthetic or heating route is possible to change the molecular structure of the confined polymer. In the follow lines, it is briefly told the main aspects of resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies in the study of polymer-clay nanocomposites.
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"* ** Fig. 39 Cyclone-type homogenizer mixing chamber. (From Ref. 41.) chamber. The symmetry axes of these entry ports are perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the interaction chamber. This design is presented in Fig. 40, with only four entry ports. This machine is called Novamix® (a registered name for Micro Vesicular Sys-tems). It was originally designed to process and produce nonphospholipid lamellar mi-crostructures or lipid vesicles. The lipid vesicles are composed of two immiscible aqueous and lipid phases. The lipid phase consists, generally, of solid polyoxyethylene-derived amphiphiles that form micelles in aqueous media. Under the proper mixing conditions, i.e., a combination of shear, heat, and turbulence, followed by appropriate cooling, the micelles of these types of lipids fuse to form lipid vesicles. The two phases are metered carefully and heated in separate reservoirs and finally pumped to the interaction chamber for pro-cessing. The interaction chamber and pump heads are confined in an insulated com-partment that is maintained at the required temperature for the production of the lipid vesicles. The outlet is attached to a chilling device that cools the product at the required rate [43]. The flow pattern is similar to that of a cyclone, i.e., the flow of liquid is in a vertically positioned rotating cylinder along its vertical axis. The streamlines are con-centric circles with their radii decreasing toward the center of the cylinder. The de-crease is a function of cylinder radius, flow rate of fluid (speed of rotation), and other parameters like viscosity, density, and surface tension of the formulation. In curved type of flow with changing radii, there exists a pressure gradient, i.e. dPIdr = V /r (8) where P = pressure; r = vessel (interaction chamber) radius; V = tangential linear velocity; and p= the liquid density. Since the change in pressure is positive for a positive radius change, the pressure at successive points increases from the concave to the convex side of the streamline [39]. The exact change in pressure depends on the variation in tangential linear velocity, which is proportional to the speed of the rotation and the ra-dius. The flow pattern in the interaction chamber is neither a free vortex, due to the presence of an initial momentum from the pumps, nor a forced vortex, for the stream-." In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 368–69. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420000955-55.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lamellar compound"

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Antoniou, Nicholas, Adam Graham, Cheryl Hartfield, and Gonzalo Amador. "Failure Analysis of Electronic Material Using Cryogenic FIB-SEM." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0399.

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Abstract Two-beam systems (focused ion beam (FIB) integrated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM)) have enabled site-specific analysis at the nano-scale through in situ “mill and view” capability at high resolution. In addition, a FIB-SEM can be used to cut away a lamella from a bulk sample and thin it for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. We studied the temperature dependence of FIB milling on compound semiconductors and thin films such as copper that are used in integrated circuits. These materials (GaAs, GaN, InN, etc) react chemically and physically with the gallium in the FIB and change chemical composition and may also change morphology. Copper metallization of IC’s has been difficult to mill without undesirable side effects. FIB milling for analysis of these materials becomes difficult if not impossible. Since temperature can be a big factor in chemical and physical reactions we investigated this and report here the effect of cooling the sample to cryogenic temperatures while milling. In addition, we report on the development of a process to prepare TEM lamellae with FIB entirely in a cryogenic environment.
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Yamakita, Jiro, Keiji Matsumoto, and Katsu Rokushima. "Analysis of Lamellar gratings composed of general anisotropic materials." In 15th Int'l Optics in Complex Sys. Garmisch, FRG, edited by F. Lanzl, H. J. Preuss, and G. Weigelt. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.34720.

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Carnelli, Davide, Haimin Yao, Ming Dao, Pasquale Vena, Roberto Contro, and Christine Ortiz. "Mechanical Anisotropy of Individual Osteons in Bone Tissue at High Spatial Resolutions." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206586.

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Secondary osteons, the fundamental units of cortical bone, consist of cylindrical lamellar composites composed of mineralized collagen fibrils. Due to its lamellar structure, a multiscale knowledge of the mechanical properties of cortical bone is required to understand the biomechanical function of the tissue. In this light, nanoindentation tests were performed along the axial and transverse directions following a radial path from the Haversian canal to the osteonal edges. Different length scales are explored by means of indentations at different maximum penetration depths. Indentation moduli and hardness data were then interpreted in the context of the known microstructure. Results suggest that secondary osteons hierarchical structure is responsible for an observed length scale effect, homogenization phenomena and anisotropy of mechanical properties.
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Bahador, S. K. "Transition metal chalcogenides and Lamellar compounds: their science & technology 36 - electrocatalysis by mocl compounds in energy conversion & storage systems." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.835907.

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Šikula, Marek, Tomáš Hrnčíř, and Pascal Gounet. "Increasing FA Throughput in Challenging Samples Utilizing TRUE X-Sectioning and the Rocking Stage." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0270.

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Abstract An advanced sample preparation protocol using Xe+ Plasma FIB for increasing FA throughput is proposed. We prepared cross-sections of 400 μm and wider in challenging samples such as a BGA (CSP), bond wires in mold compound or a TSV array. These often suffer from FIB milling artifacts. The unsatisfactory quality of the cross-section face is mainly due to extremely different milling rates of the various materials (polyimide, tin, copper, mold compound, platinum), ion beam induced ripples [1] or due to significant surface topography. We explored the usability of the protocol for standard cross-sections and also tested the preparation of TEM lamellae. The process parameters of the proposed approach were compared with the standard methods of Xe+ Plasma FIB FA with respect to preparation time and cross-section quality. Aiming for ultimate results, we incorporated the Rocking stage technique which also greatly improves cross-section quality.
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Coudrillier, Baptiste, Craig Boote, and Thao D. Nguyen. "Effects of the Scleral Collagen Structure on the Biomechanical Response of the Optic Nerve Head." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80540.

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The sclera is a fiber-reinforced material composed of dense superimposed lamellae of type I collagen fibrils embedded in a matrix of elastin and proteoglycan. Recent Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) experiments (Meek, 2009) showed that the collagen lamellae are strongly aligned circumferentially in the region closest to the optic nerve head (ONH). The collagen structure was more disperse and heterogeneous away from the peripapillary region. The collagen structure of the sclera directly influences its material stiffness properties and therefore the level of strain transmitted to the tissues of the ONH, which is the primary site of damage in glaucoma. The effects of the fiber structure on the ONH biomechanics have been studied on the monkey eye (Girard, 2009), but not on the human eye. Recent work evaluating the influence of the human sclera on ONH biomechanics approximated the scleral behavior as linear elastic (Sigal, 2009) or hyperelastic orthotropic (Eilaghi, 2009).
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Matsumoto, Takeo, Akihisa Fukunaga, Kengo Narita, and Kazuaki Nagayama. "Microscopic Mechanical Analysis of Aortic Wall: Estimation of Stress in the Intramural Elastic Laminas and Smooth Muscle Cells in a Physiological State." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192450.

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It is well known that the artery walls change their dimensions and mechanical properties adaptively in response to the mechanical environment they are exposed to [1]. Because mechanical adaptation of the artery wall is driven by the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in its media, it is crucial to know the mechanical environment of SMCs in the wall to reveal the details of the adaptation mechanism. Mechanical stress applied to the SMCs in the media should be different from that applied to the wall, because at a microscopic level, the media has a highly heterogeneous structure composed of various materials with different elastic modulus. For example, aortic media has a layered structure of a lamellar unit, a pair of elastic lamina (EL) mainly composed of elastin and a smooth muscle-rich layer mainly composed of SMCs and collagen [2], and Young’s modulus of elastin, SMCs, and collagen is about 0.6MPa, 10kPa, and 1GPa, respectively [3]. Such heterogeneity should cause complex distribution of stress and strain depending on the histological structure both in the unloaded state and in the physiological state [4].
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Tamura, Atsutaka, and Yuya Kato. "Reproduction of Kinematic Behavior of Elastic Lamellae in the Thoracic Aortic Media." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87242.

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The thickening of the aortic wall is a mechanical adaptation to the prolonged increase in intravascular pressure resulting from hypertension, which is regulated by the smooth muscle cell layer (SML) and the elastic lamina (EL). Herein, we built a simplified computational model of the aortic media composed of SML and EL and simulated the phenomenon of EL undulation or EL buckling at no-load condition (in vitro) by releasing compressive prestress assigned to the EL. Using the design of experiments approach, we found that the prestress assigned to the EL, the thickness of the EL, and a coupled or interspace connecting length between the SML and the EL are significantly influential factors in representing EL buckling at the unloaded state. We also found that the degree of EL waviness and the change in residual stresses within the SML and the EL are inversely correlated. Furthermore, by increasing the stiffness of the SML, we successfully reconstructed the disappearance of EL undulation at 25% stretch, replicating the dilation of a normal aorta under physiological loading conditions. It can be expected that these findings will help unveil the roles of the SML and the EL in maintaining the mechanical homeostasis of the arterial wall.
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Paietta, Rachel C., Sara E. Olesiak, and Virginia L. Ferguson. "Deformation Mechanisms in Nanoindentation of Bone." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19665.

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Cortical bone is a hierarchical, composite material composed of mineralized collagen fibrils organized into lamellae and osteons as classically described by Lakes [1]. The inherent heterogeneity and hierarchy of bone tissue makes it an interesting material to study at various size scales using a range of spherical tip sizes in nanoindentation. Further, the prevalence of pointed, Berkovich nanoindenter tips enable researchers to readily generate nanoindentation data. However, other tip geometries and sizes may provide an advantage over the Berkovich tip by enabling a more elastic contact and testing over a range of contact areas and structures.
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Haslach, Henry W., Jonathan Chung, and Aviva Molotsky. "Fracture Mechanisms in Bovine Aorta." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19366.

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Rupture of vascular tissue in the circulatory system under non-impact loading is involved in potentially life threatening events such as Marfan’s syndrome or rupture of small renal veins during shock wave lithotripsy. The rupture mechanisms are not well-understood. The complexity of the artery wall precludes the use of rupture theories invented for metals or for fibered composites with a homogeneous matrix. Artery tissue is composed of ground material, smooth muscle cells, elastin and collagen. The collagen fibers, which are generally circumferentially oriented, are the load carrying material after large deformations. Clark and Glagov [1] propose that the media of an elastic artery is built of musculo-elastic fascicles made up of a layer of circumferentially oriented SMC that lie parallel and between two elastin lamellae. Between the elastin sheets of adjacent elements are interspersed collagen fiber bundles.
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