Journal articles: 'Laminated materials Mechanical properties'

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Ramful, Raviduth. "EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBUSA BAMBOO LAMINATES THROUGH DESTRUCTIVE TESTING." Journal of Green Building 13, no. 4 (September 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.4.1.

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In this research study, Bambusa ssp, the utilized species of bamboo, was rendered into a more versatile construction material in the form of laminates. The laminated specimens were manufactured using simplified processing methods according to the ASTM D3039 and ASTM D143 standards. Polyvinyl acetate was the adhesive used between the 2-ply laminate. The mechanical properties of the specimens were evaluated through tensile, compressive and bending strength tests according to set standards on the Testometric M500-50AT Universal Testing Machine. The tensile strength of laminated bamboo was comparable to that of redwood, spruce, cedar and pine. The ratio of compressive strength of parallel to perpendicular fibers in compressive tests was in a close range to that of poplar, fir and pine. The correlation in compressive strength values between bamboo and wood confirmed the inherent anisotropic nature of both plant materials.

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You, Feng Xiang, Fei Zhang, and Buo Lei Zuo. "Spline-Based Finite Element Analysis in Composite Laminates Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.673.

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The geometric parameters of the composite laminate in the engineering structure tend to have random properties. It is of great significance on how to study sensitivity of random parameters of laminated plates and carry on the optimized analysis to the parameteranalys when accurately estimating the reliability of structural design. According to the first order shear deformation theory, by using the spline finite element method, we can infer and the establish a laminated plate vibration equation, the stiffness matrix, mass matrix, proportional damping matrix, before making solution of the antisymmetric laminated plates response sensitivity formula, and analyzing the normal displacement, the sensitivity, the natural frequency of compound materials laminated plate. The Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of this algorithm.

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ALLEN, D. ALBERT, G. RAMANAN, R. R. NEELA RAJAN, and A. K. DARWINS. "Experimental Study on Change in Mechanical Characteristics of E-Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite by Adding Carbon Nanotube Layers." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 6 (April 29, 2019): 1251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21874.

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Polymer composite reinforced with fiber materials have always proven its superior significant enactment over numerous traditional materials, considering their incomparable strength to weight ratio and stiffness. Carbon nanotubes usage in glass-fiber reinforced polymer has high potential in changing the characteristics of composite laminates. Carbon nanotubes have engrossed composite fraternity in exploring the opportunity of utilizing them as a supplementary reinforcement in fiber reinforced polymer composites. This study examines the mechanical characters of glass-fiber reinforced polymer with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Composite laminated layers are fabricated using epoxy resin without carbon nanotube and with 0.5 and 1.5 % MWCNT. The materials were tested to determine tensile, flexural and compression properties. It is observed that the carbon nanotubes can enhance the mechanical properties in the composite laminates. Composite laminate with 1.5 wt % MWCNT exhibited good mechanical properties compared to that with 0.5 wt % MWCNT and without MWCNT.

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bin Yaakob, Mohd Yuhazri, T. T. T. Jennise, H. Sihombing, N. Mohamad, S. H. Yahaya, and M. Y. A. Zalkis. "Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling of Laminated Composite after Cured at Different Angle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.86.

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Moisture absorption is a very important factor in polymers and composite materials used for hull manufacture and stability in marine environment. High water absorption of the material will affects the mechanical properties and stability in composite. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of the gravity effects on curing position of the laminated composite structures to enhance the curing space needed. Vertical cured laminate having almost similar properties with common horizontal cured laminate able to save much space in composite industry. Horizontal cured laminates filled up spaces in which SMI lack of. Polyesters and E-glass fibers were used as the raw material in this research. Vacuum bagging technique was used to suck out the excess resin during lay-up to avoid any voids and air inside laminate and cured at different angle position in room temperature for 24 hours. Seven samples of laminated composite were fabricated and cut into specific dimension in accordance to ASTM standard. This paper will discuss about the investigation on the water absorption and thickness swelling of the thermosetting laminated composite by curing the laminate at different angle using vacuum bagging technique. From the testing, SN6 and SN7 shows to have good water resistant in physical properties.

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Colvin, G. E., and S. R. Swanson. "Mechanical Characterization of IM7/8551-7 Carbon/Epoxy Under Biaxial Stress." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903188.

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This paper presents the results of a detailed characterization of the relatively new IM7/8551-7 carbon/epoxy material system under conditions of multiaxial stresses applied to both laminae and laminates. IM7 is a high elongation, high strength carbon fiber, and the 8551-7 matrix is a high toughness epoxy resin. The lamina tests provided a failure envelope for combinations of transverse tension or compression and in-plane shear, and illustrated that the matrix dominated strength properties exhibit a strong dependence on the state of stress. The transverse strains at failure were found to be higher than for previous epoxy systems examined, and the shear stress-strain curves showed significant nonlinear behavior. These features apparently contribute to the “toughness” of the resin. Laminated specimens in a quasi-isotropic configuration were tested in tension-tension and tension-compression stress states. In previous work on other fiber/resin systems it has been shown that laminate ultimate failure could be correlated by means of fiber direction strain in a critical ply, independent of matrix cracking and the details of the laminate configuration and state of stress. However, different fiber strain values must be used for tension and compression. The behavior of quasi-isotropic IM7/8551-7 laminates appears to follow the observations noted above, with the important exception that laminate tension failure strain is lower than unidirectional coupon strain. The compression values are significantly higher than seen previously with AS4/3501-4 laminates, but as usual lower than the tension values. The results raise presently unresolved issues about the effect of the resin and possibly the processing variables on the delivered laminate strength.

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Carreño, Fernando, M. Pozuelo, José A. Jiménez, and Oscar A. Ruano. "Bend and Shear Tests: Suitable Methods for Mechanical Characterization of Laminated Composite Materials." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.901.

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Bend and shear tests were used to characterize the improvement in impact behavior of various ultrahigh carbon steel laminated composites. These tests turned out to deliver much more useful information about the mechanical properties of the laminates than the Charpy impact tests and were especially interesting for characterization of laminates of very high toughness values. The toughness of the various laminates was controlled by the rolling conditions that determined the quality of the bond and the appearance of delamination by the interfaces. The bend test allows determination of yield and maximum stresses, absorbed energy and permits graphical visualization of layer fracture and delaminations as testing proceeds. The shear test allows mechanical characterization of the bond quality between layers, permitting prediction of possible delaminations, and therefore, the mechanical properties of the layered material.

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Fukunaga, Hisao, and Hideki Sekine. "A Laminate Design for Elastic Properties of Symmetric Laminates with Extension-Shear or Bending-Twisting Coupling." Journal of Composite Materials 28, no. 8 (May 1994): 708–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839402800802.

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A laminate design method for elastic properties of symmetric laminates with extension-shear or bending-twisting coupling is presented using lamination parameters which give a complete expression of laminate configurations. The elastic properties of Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios and shear modulus are represented on the lamination parameter plane. A general method is also developed for determining laminate configurations corresponding to lamination parameters. The graphical representation clarifies the relation between laminate configurations and elastic properties. Effects of extension-shear coupling on in-plane elastic properties are discussed. The elastic properties of Young's moduli and shear modulus have the maximum values when the coupling terms vanish. Two design examples are also presented which utilize bending-twisting couplings. One is concerned with the control of a cross-coupling parameter in an aeroelastic tailoring of a composite wing, and the other is concerned with the shear buckling optimization of a symmetric laminated plate.

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Marzuki, Haslan Fadli Ahmad, Engku Ahmadhilmi Engku Ubaidillah, Sivakumar A/l Sivarasa, Mohd Syamsul, and Mariatti Jaafar. "Study on Effect of Fiber Orientation on Flexural Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Laminates for Structural Applications." Solid State Phenomena 301 (March 2020): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.301.227.

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Composite laminate design is an important procedure in defining the mechanical properties of laminated composite structure to be used in multi-directional service loading application. Composite technologies or manufacturers who is lack of knowledge regarding the importance of laminate design, tend to develop a composite structure that will collapse or fail below the service requirement. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fiber orientation on flexural properties of the designed glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminated composite. Six sets of laminates with different fiber orientation and sequence were simulated using CompositeStar© software to determine its flexural properties. Samples were fabricated to verify the simulated data and were tested in accordance to ASTM D2344. Moreover, crack pattern within the samples after the flexural test is studied. From the simulated results, it shows that laminates which have fiber in tri-direction and quasi-direction display a higher flexural modulus and strength compared to laminates with fiber in uni-directional and bi-directional. In addition, data from tested fabricated laminates samples displayed the same modulus patterns against the simulated data, with variants from 8% to 35%. Additionally, it is found that samples with fiber in ±45 direction shows a transverse and shear cracking which prolonged the cracking propagation before the samples show a complete failure.

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Wang, Chuang, Qing Sun, Lang Zhao, Jing Jia, Lixiao Yao, and Zongren Peng. "Mechanical and Dielectric Strength of Laminated Epoxy Dielectric Graded Materials." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030622.

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Laminated epoxy dielectric graded material is a commonly used insulating material with broad application prospects in power equipment. The interlaminar interfaces of laminated epoxy dielectric material between different layers form during its lamination process, and these interfaces are the crucial characteristic structures determining the mechanical and dielectric properties of laminated materials. Therefore, in order to gain a thorough understanding of physic properties behind a certain structural motif, it is necessary to study how these interfacial structures influence the mechanical and dielectric performances of graded materials. In this study, double-layered epoxy resin samples with an interlaminar interface are prepared to study their mechanical and dielectric strength. More importantly, the formation mechanism of the interface, as well as its influence on the mechanical and dielectric strength of this laminated material, is discussed. We found that a cross-linking reaction may take place between epoxy resins at the interlaminar interface, and the degree of cross-linking at the interface should be less than that in the bulk. The mechanical strength of the interlaminar interface is weaker than that of the bulk, and it is reduced by less than 40%. Moreover, the interlaminar interface is inclined to trap carriers, which improves the breakdown strength and arc ablation resistance of the laminated material. Our study of interlaminar interface properties could help in designing epoxy dielectric graded materials with better mechanical and dielectric properties.

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Jamaludin, Mohd Ariff, Shahril Anuar Bahari, Mohd Nazarudin Zakaria, and Ummu Amirah Azizan. "Improvement of Binderless Banana Pseudo-Stem Particleboard Properties via Natural Laminating Materials." Solid State Phenomena 305 (June 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.305.23.

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In this study, the first objective was to investigate the basic mechanical and physical properties of the binderless banana pseudo-stem particleboard (BBP) at a targeted density of 650 kg/m3. The second objective was to examine the effect of laminates on the properties of BBP. Three types of BBP were produced, that were oil palm veneer laminated BBP, layered banana leaf laminated BBP, and BBP without lamination. No adhesive was used in the production of the BBP, but for lamination process, cold setting polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was used. Three tests were conducted which were internal bonding (IB), static bending, and water absorption resistance tests. According to the results, BBP without lamination had the lowest IB. The lowest modulus of rupture (MOR) and lowest modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending was also recorded by BBP without lamination. The highest IB, MOR and MOE, were of BBP laminated with oil palm veneer. These values were followed by IB, MOR and MOE of BBP with banana leaf lamination. Highest percentage water absorption (WA) was exhibited by BBP without lamination, followed by BBP laminated with oil palm veneer, and then by BBP laminated with layered banana leaves. The types of BBP significantly influence the MOR and MOE, but did not significantly affect the IB and WA. In general, laminating the BBP using natural layered materials has significantly improved the MOR and MOE.

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Freddi, Francesco, and Lorenzo Mingazzi. "Phase Field Simulation of Laminated Glass Beam." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 3218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143218.

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The complex failure mechanisms of glass laminates under in-plane loading conditions is modelled within the framework of phase-field strategy. Laminated glass is widely used for structural purposes due to its safe post-glass-breakage response. In fact, the combination of several glass plies bonded together with polymeric interlayers allows overcoming the brittleness of the glass and to reach a pseudo-ductile response. Moreover, the post-breakage behaviour of the laminate is strictly correlated by the mechanical properties of the constituents. Ruptures may appear as cracks within the layers or delamination of the bonding interface. The global response of a glass laminate, validated against experimental results taken from the literature, is carried out by investigating a simplified layup of two glass plies connected by cohesive interfaces through an interlayer. Delamination of the adhesive interface is described, and crack patterns within the materials are fully described. Finally, the proposed approach put the basis for future comparisons with results of experimental campaign and real-life applications.

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Lu, WT, S. Singh, and WS Chan. "A novel stress analysis method for composite Z-stiffeners under mechanical and thermal loads." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 26-27 (May 8, 2019): 3807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319846947.

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A closed-form analytical solution is developed for analyzing laminated composite beam with asymmetric Z cross-section. The explicit expressions for evaluating sectional properties such as centroid, shear center, equivalent bending/torsional stiffness and warping stiffness are formulated based upon modified lamination theory and taken into consideration of the structural deformation characteristics of beam with narrow section. The ply stresses of flanges and web laminates are computed for composite Z-stiffener under axial, bending, and torsional loads. The present results give excellent agreement with the results from ANSYS™. A parametric study of their centroid and shear center with various layup sequences was performed by using the developed solution. It is found that the sectional properties are not only dependent of structural configuration but also the laminate property. Moreover, these properties are only dependent of structural configuration if the entire Z-stiffener is made of the same family laminates regardless their ply orientation and stacking sequence. It is concluded that the present approach is a viable and efficient method for designing composite Z-stiffener.

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Naveen, Jesuarockiam, Mohammad Jawaid, Edi Syams Zainudin, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, and Ridwan Yahaya. "Improved Mechanical and Moisture-Resistant Properties of Woven Hybrid Epoxy Composites by Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP)." Materials 12, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081249.

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This research investigated the effect of adding different wt.% (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of GNP (graphene nanoplatelets) to improve the mechanical and moisture resistant properties of Kevlar (K)/cocos nucifera sheath (CS)/epoxy hybrid composites. The laminates were fabricated with different K/CS weight ratios such as 100/0 (S1), 75/25 (S2), 50/50 (S3), 25/75 (S4), and 0/100 (S5). The results revealed that the addition of GNP improved the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of laminated composites. However, the optimal wt.% of GNP varies with different laminates. A moisture diffusion analysis showed that the laminates with a 0.25 wt.% of GNP content efficiently hindered water uptake by closing all the unoccupied pores inside the laminate. Morphological investigations (SEM and FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)) proved that the addition of GNP improved the interfacial adhesion and dispersion. Structural (XRD and FTIR) analyses reveals that at 0.25 wt.% of GNP, all the hybrid composites showed a better crystallinity index and the functional groups presents in the GNP can form strong interactions with the fibers and matrix. A statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA, and it corroborates that the mechanical properties of different laminates showed a statistically significant difference. Hence, these GNP-modified epoxy hybrid composites can be efficiently utilized in load-bearing structures.

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Wang, Huaqiao, Jihong Chen, Zhichao Fan, Jun Xiao, and Xianfeng Wang. "Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Fiber Path Curvature on the Mechanical Properties of Composites." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102602.

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Automated fiber placement (AFP) has been widely used as an advanced manufacturing technology for large and complex composite parts and the trajectory planning of the laying path is the primary task of AFP technology. Proposed in this paper is an experimental study on the effect of several different path planning placements on the mechanical behavior of laminated materials. The prepreg selected for the experiment was high-strength toughened epoxy resin T300 carbon fiber prepreg UH3033-150. The composite laminates with variable angles were prepared by an eight-tow seven-axis linkage laying machine. After the curing process, the composite laminates were conducted by tensile and bending test separately. The test results show that there exists an optimal planning path among these for which the tensile strength of the laminated specimens decreases slightly by only 3.889%, while the bending strength increases greatly by 16.68%. It can be found that for the specific planning path placement, the bending strength of the composite laminates is significantly improved regardless of the little difference in tensile strength, which shows the importance of path planning and this may be used as a guideline for future AFP process.

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Kunčická, Lenka, Radim Kocich, Petr Kačor, Michal Jambor, and Martin Marek. "Characterising Correlations between Electric Conductivity and Structural Features in Rotary Swaged Al/Cu Laminated Conductors." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031003.

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This study aims to characterize the correlations between electric characteristics and selected structural features of newly designed Al/Cu laminated conductors manufactured via room temperature rotary swaging. After swaging, the laminates with diameters of 15 mm were subjected to two different post-process annealing treatments. Structure analyses performed to evaluate the effects of thermomechanical processing were performed via scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Electric conductivity and resistivity of the laminates were experimentally measured and numerically simulated using models designed according to the real conditions. The results showed that the electric resistivity was affected by the grain size, bimodal grains’ distribution (where observed), the presence of twins, and, last but not least, dislocation density. Among the influencing factors were the area fractions of Al and Cu at the cross-sections of the of the laminated conductors, too. The results revealed that fabrication of the laminate via the technology of rotary swaging introduced more advantageous combinations of electric and mechanical properties than fabrication by conventional manufacturing techniques. The lowest specific electric resistivity of 20.6 Ωm × 10−9 was measured for the laminated conductor subjected to the post-process annealing treatment at 350 °C, which imparted significant structure restoration (confirmed by the presence of fine, equiaxed, randomly oriented grains).

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Márquez Costa, Juan Pablo, Vincent Legrand, and Sylvain Fréour. "Durability of Composite Materials under Severe Temperature Conditions: Influence of Moisture Content and Prediction of Thermo-Mechanical Properties During a Fire." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3020055.

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The main objective of the present study was to develop a fire thermal model able to predict the evolution of the temperature and decomposition gradient across a laminated composite structure when exposed to fire. The thermal response of composite laminate made of organic polymer matrix was investigated under severe temperature conditions as samples were exposed to high temperatures up to 750 °C. The highlight is that a behavior law for water is included in our thermo-mechanical model to estimate effects due to a moisture content field on the thermal response of composite laminates. In particular, porosity and gas pressure are strongly influenced by the presence of water in the material and modify the thermal behavior accordingly. This enabled us to propose a new approach that can be used for the prediction of hygro-thermo-chemico-mechanical post-combustion properties in a very large number of material and fire scenarios.

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Fakhruddin, Muhammad, Maskuri Maskuri, Elka Faizal, Bayu Pranoto, Hangga Wicaksono, and Hilmi Iman Firmansyah. "Pengaruh Perlakuan Permukaan Pengikatan Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Serat Kaca Dengan Laminasi Almunium." Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 4, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v4i02.79.

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Fiber metal laminates or commonly known as fiber metal laminates (FML) are composite structures made by combining 2 layers of material as the outer layer with the core material. The outer layer of this composite is called the laminate. Generally, laminated composites are produced by joining techniques under solid-state conditions, such as diffusion bonding, extrusion, friction-stir welding, and roller welding. In this study, glass fiber composites with aluminum lamination were made using the vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) method, using epoxy resin. The surface treatment of the aluminum laminate was carried out with the direction of roughing at certain angles and variations of the surface roughening of the laminate to test the mechanical bonding between the composite and the laminate. Mechanical bonding testing using three-point bending test method (three-point bending) and buckling test. The expected result is that by surface treatment on aluminum laminate, the best mechanical bonding to composites with glass fiber is obtained. The TKT to be achieved from this research is TKT level 3, which is an analytical study that supports the prediction of the performance of the effect of the bonding surface treatment on the mechanical properties of glass fiber composites with aluminum lamination.

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Srivastava, Ashish, and Dinesh Kumar. "Mechanical characterization and postbuckling behavior of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminate." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 1 (October 7, 2016): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216672893.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement in conventional carbon fiber reinforced composite on the buckling and postbuckling behavior of the laminated nanocomposite plate made of carbon nanotube and carbon fiber reinforcements in a matrix material. The method of representative volume element is utilized to perform the multiscale modeling of the problem. Initially, Boolean-based random sequential adsorption algorithm is utilized to model a nanoscale representative volume element of nanocomposite material to mimic the effect of randomly distributed (i.e. having random orientation and position) carbon nanotubes in a matrix material. After estimating the elastic properties of the nanocomposite material using representative volume element, another microscale representative volume element of carbon fiber reinforced in the nanocomposite (i.e. carbon nanotube reinforced matrix material) is modeled to evaluate the stiffness properties of the lamina formed of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite. The laminae are further stacked in the sequence of (45°/−45°/−45°/45°) to model a laminate. Thereafter, the evaluated stiffness properties of the lamina are employed to predict the effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement on buckling and postbuckling behavior of the laminated plates through nonlinear finite element method formulation based on the first-order shear deformation theory and von Karman’s assumptions. It is established that carbon nanotube reinforcement in carbon fiber reinforced composite lamina results in the enhancement of stiffness properties of the resulting carbon nanotube–fiber nanocomposite lamina, with more prevalent effect on the matrix-dominated properties—transverse and shear moduli—than the axial modulus. The increased stiffness properties result in the substantial improvement in the buckling load and postbuckling strength of the laminated plate made of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber nanocomposite material, for all volume fractions of carbon nanotube, loading and boundary conditions, geometric parameters (i.e. aspect ratio and width-to-thickness ratio), and matrix materials.

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Valido, Aníbal J. J., and João Barradas Cardoso. "Design variation of thin-walled composite beam cross-section properties." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 12, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 558–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-12-2015-0081.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a design sensitivity analysis continuum formulation for the cross-section properties of thin-walled laminated composite beams. These properties are expressed as integrals based on the cross-section geometry, on the warping functions for torsion, on shear bending and shear warping, and on the individual stiffness of the laminates constituting the cross-section. Design/methodology/approach In order to determine its properties, the cross-section geometry is modeled by quadratic isoparametric finite elements. For design sensitivity calculations, the cross-section is modeled throughout design elements to which the element sensitivity equations correspond. Geometrically, the design elements may coincide with the laminates that constitute the cross-section. Findings The developed formulation is based on the concept of adjoint system, which suffers a specific adjoint warping for each of the properties depending on warping. The lamina orientation and the laminate thickness are selected as design variables. Originality/value The developed formulation can be applied in a unified way to open, closed or hybrid cross-sections.

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Wang, Junli, and Jinyang Li. "Failure Analysis and Optimization Design of Wing Skin Unbalanced Lay-Up." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (November 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7131899.

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To clarify the influence of the unbalanced coefficient and the change in lay-up angle on the failure characteristics of the laminate in the static aeroelastic problem of the aircraft, numerical simulations were performed based on the classical laminate theory and the Tsai-Wu failure criterion, as well as the fluid-structure coupling calculation method. The structure’s stress-strain and failure curves are found to decrease as the unbalanced coefficient increases. The stress curve’s slope is relatively stable, whereas the strain and failure curves’ slopes change three times, indicating that strain may be the primary cause of structural failure. Unbalanced coefficient laminates are classified into three types based on their mechanical properties low unbalanced coefficient laminates (Unbalanced coefficient 0.2 to 0.3), quasi-balanced coefficient laminates (Unbalanced coefficient 0.4 to 0.6, Balanced laminate when the Unbalanced coefficient is 0.5), and high unbalanced coefficient laminates (Unbalanced coefficient 0.7 to 0.8). Within their respective spanning intervals, the mechanical properties of the three types of laminates remain relatively stable. An increase in the ply angle reduces both the elastic deformation of the structure and the failure factor. The variation patterns of structural strain and failure at 45° and 60° ply angles decrease as unbalanced coefficients increase, whereas the opposite is true for 30° ply angles. Finally, a two-level optimization method based on “equalized plies” and “equal-angle plies” was developed, resulting in a 23.93% reduction in elastic deformation and a 37.04% reduction in the laminated structure's failure coefficient when compared to the preoptimization results.

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Huang, Tao, Zhuo Song, Fuxiao Chen, Junqing Guo, Yanbo Pei, Binghui Xing, Nan Xiang, and Kexing Song. "Influence of the Anisotropy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti/Al Laminated Composites." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163556.

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Anisotropy is the difference in the microstructure or mechanical properties of materials in different directions. Anisotropic behavior occurs in rolled sheets, and this anisotropy is very obvious in laminated composites. In this work, the influence of anisotropy on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al laminated composites fabricated by rolling was investigated. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti/Al laminated composites were obviously anisotropic. The grains in the Al layer of the composites were elongated along the rolling direction and were compressed perpendicular to the rolling direction. The grains in the Ti layer of the composites had no obvious preferential orientation and comprised mainly twins. With the rolling direction as 0°, the mechanical properties of the Ti/Al laminated composites varied greatly as the angle of the composites increased. The tensile strength, elongation and bond strength of the Ti/Al laminated composites decreased with increasing angle of the composites. In addition, the microhardness of the Ti/Al laminated composites increased with increasing angle of the composites.

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Zuo, Kai Hui, Dong Liang Jiang, Qing Ling Lin, Yu Ping Zeng, and Zhong Ming Chen. "Mechanical Properties of (Al₂O₃+Ni) and (Al₂O₃+Ni)/Ni Laminated Materials." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1447.

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(Al2O3+Ni) and (Al2O3+Ni)/Ni laminated materials were prepared by tape casting and hot pressing sintering. The mechanical properties of (Al2O3+20wt%Ni) laminated composites were higher than those of (Al2O3+50wt%Ni) composites and Al2O3 sample. The strengthening in the (Al2O3+Ni) composites mainly results from microstructure refinement of the alumina grain size, cracks bridging and crack deflection by the Ni particles. Results showed that the strength and fracture toughness of (Al2O3+Ni)/Ni laminated materials were higher than those of Al2O3/Ni laminated materials with the same layer numbers and thickness ratio. The good mechanical properties of (Al2O3+Ni) and (Al2O3+Ni)/Ni laminated materials result from the second phase of Ni particles in Al2O3 layers.

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Szafrańska, Halina, and Ryszard Korycki. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Laminated Seams." Journal of Natural Fibers 17, no. 3 (August 2, 2018): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1498424.

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Zhao, Weina, Hongwei Song, Chenguang Huang, and Yihui Huang. "Modeling the Failure Behavior of CFRP Laminates Subjected to Combined Thermal and Mechanical Loadings." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 03 (April 2017): 1750033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500338.

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This paper proposes a theoretical approach to predict the failure behavior of laminated carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) under combined thermal and mechanical loadings. Two types of CFRP Laminates, i.e., CCF300/BA9916 and T700/BA9916, are investigated, and TGA tests in both nitrogen and oxidation environments at different heating rates are carried out to obtain the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of polymer matrix and carbon fiber. Based on the thermal decomposition behavior and a multi-level structure model, the thermal physical properties, mechanical properties and thermal deformations of the laminated composites at high temperatures are obtained. Then substituting thermally degraded properties into constitutive equations of composite materials as macroscopic defects, the damage mode and failure strength of the laminated composite under thermo-mechanical loadings is obtained. Predicted elastic properties and failure strength are compared with experimental results as well as previous models. Effects of heating rates and heating environments through rigorous physical model are considered in the present work. It is found that the heating rate significantly affects the thermal and mechanical properties, the higher the heating rate, the less degraded are the thermo-mechanical properties and failure strength at a given temperature. Young’s modulus and failure strength of T700/BA9916 are higher than those of CCF300/BA9916 at high temperatures, due to the higher volume fraction of carbon fibers, which are less weakened in thermal environment.

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Akonda, MH, M. Stefanova, P. Potluri, and DU Shah. "Mechanical properties of recycled carbon fibre/polyester thermoplastic tape composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 18 (October 6, 2016): 2655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316672091.

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The increasing use of high-value carbon fibre in composites is linked with increasing waste generation: from dry fibre and prepreg offcuts during manufacturing to end-of-life parts. In this work, a novel thermoplastic tape was produced from 60 wt.% manufacturing waste carbon fibres (60 mm long) and 40 wt.% polyester fibres using a thermal consolidation technique. The thin (0.2 mm) and narrow (20 mm wide) tapes were then used to fabricate laminated composite panels in two 0/90 tape architectures: cross-ply and woven ply. Various mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural, compression and impact were evaluated. It was found that cross-ply performed better than woven ply laminates, with failure in the latter materials typically initiating at the tape interlacement points.

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Yoon, Sung-Won, Yong-Won Kwon, Jong-Rok Ha, Myung-Hyun Kim, and Yun-Hae Kim. "A study on the laminate pattern of high-strength composites applied to the ship." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (July 18, 2018): 1840067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400672.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the correct estimation of laminate patterns for high-strength composites applied to a ship. Recently, the need for developing a ship component has been increasing to improve the capability of maritime operations. Composites with excellent specific strength and specific stiffness are emerging as next-generation materials. In the composite material, the mechanical properties vary depending on the laminated pattern of the reinforcing material. Therefore, in this study, the properties of the composite materials were calculated using the computer simulation program. The ply calibration performance results show that the initial values of the mechanical properties of the carbon/epoxy composites in the E11 direction are higher than the calculated values, and the remaining values are the same. The laminate mechanics results show that the tensile strength in the S11T direction was 1515 MPa, which is almost the same as the initial value of 1500 MPa.

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Lin, Mei-Chen, Jia-Horng Lin, Jan-Yi Lin, Ting An Lin, and Ching-Wen Lou. "Plastic packaging materials of laminated composites made of polymer cover sheets and a nonwoven interlayer." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 7 (August 27, 2018): 2287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218795379.

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This study aims to improve the mechanical properties, stabilized structures, and light weight plastic packaging materials to realize diverse applications. A sheet extrusion machine is used to fabricate sandwich-structured composites, which are composed of two polymer cover sheets and a nonwoven interlayer. The samples are prepared in two batches with different cover sheets: thermoplastic polyurethane and polypropylene. Moreover, low-melting-point polyester (LMPET) fibers and Kevlar fibers are fabricated into a LMPET/Kevlar nonwoven interlayer. The laminated composites are evaluated in terms of morphologies, mechanical properties, combustion rates, and thermal behavior. Kevlar fibers are flame resistant and mechanically strong. LMPET fibers promote the interfacial bonding between layers. Thus, the laminated composites are good candidates as packaging materials, and they can be made with rigid or soft materials, depending on specified requirements. Rigid materials can provide higher strengths, and the distribution of fibers thus helps the PP-based laminated composites to obtain higher crystal stability. Moreover, using TPU with flexibility contributes to high extensibility, which grants the laminated composites with high toughness, light weight, and low restriction against the morphology. Such manufacturing is also efficient and economical, thereby satisfying the requirements of plastic packaging materials.

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HAGA, Osamu. "Mechanical properties of quasi-isotropic laminated composites." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 34, no. 380 (1985): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.34.536.

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Zuo, Kai Hui, Dong Liang Jiang, and Qing Ling Lin. "Mechanical properties of Al2O3/Ni laminated composites." Materials Letters 60, no. 9-10 (May 2006): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.11.010.

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Nallim, Liz G., Facundo J. Bellomo, Ricardo D. Quinteros, and Sergio Oller. "Dynamical Analysis of Long Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Plates with Elastically Restrained Edges." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2012 (January 11, 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/189376.

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This paper presents a variational formulation for the free vibration analysis of unsymmetrically laminated composite plates with elastically restrained edges. The study includes a micromechanics approach that allows starting the study considering each layer as constituted by long unidirectional fibers in a continuous matrix. The Mori-Tanaka method is used to predict the mechanical properties of each lamina as a function of the elastic properties of the components and of the fiber volume fraction. The resulting mechanical properties for each lamina are included in a general Ritz formulation developed to analyze the free vibration response of thick laminated anisotropic plates resting on elastic supports. Comprehensive numerical examples are computed to validate the present method, and the effects of the different mechanical and geometrical parameters on the dynamical behavior of different laminated plates are shown. New results for general unsymmetrical laminates with elastically restrained edges are also presented. The analytical approximate solution obtained in this paper can also be useful as a basis to deal with optimization problems under, for instance, frequency constraints.

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Muraoka, Yoshiyuki, Fumihito Yoshikawa, Ken Hirota, Osamu Yamaguchi, Junji Asai, and Yukio Makiyama. "Electrical and mechanical properties of composites and their laminated materials." Materials Research Bulletin 31, no. 4 (April 1996): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(96)00013-x.

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Muraoka, Yoshiyuki, Satoshi Kawahara, Ken Hirota, and Osamu Yamaguchi. "Electrical and mechanical properties of composites and their laminated materials." Materials Research Bulletin 31, no. 4 (April 1996): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(96)00014-1.

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Zhu, Xiujie, Chao Xiong, Junhui Yin, Dejun Yin, and Huiyong Deng. "Bending Experiment and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Composite Sandwich Laminated Box Beams." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182959.

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The failure modes, ultimate load, stiffness performance, and their influencing factors of a composite sandwich laminated box beam under three-point bending load are studied by an experiment, finite element model, and analytical method. The three-point bending experiment was carried out on three different core composite sandwich laminated box beams, and the failure modes and bearing capacity were studied. With the use of composite progressive damage analysis and the core elastoplastic constitutive model, the finite element model of the composite sandwich laminated box beam was established, and the three-point bending failure process and failure modes were analyzed. The analytical model was established based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The overall bending stiffness and shear stiffness of the composite sandwich laminated box beam were calculated by the internal force–displacement relationship. The results show that the composite sandwich laminated box beam mainly suffers from local crushing failure, and the errors between the finite element simulation and the experiment result were within 7%. The analytical model of the composite sandwich laminated box beam can approximately predict the overall stiffness parameters, while the maximum error between theoretic results and experimental values was 5.2%. For composite aluminum honeycomb sandwich laminated box beams with a ratio of span to height less than 10, the additional deflection caused by shear deformation has an error of more than 25%. With the ratio of circumferential layers to longitudinal layers increasing, the three-point bending ultimate load of the composite sandwich laminated box beam increases, but the ratio of the overall stiffness to mass reduces. The use of low-density aluminum foam and smaller-wall-thickness cell aluminum honeycombs allows for the more obvious benefits of light weight.

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Wulandari, Febriana Tri, and I. Gde Dharma Atmaja. "Analisis Perbandingan Sifat Fisika dan Mekanika Papan Laminasi Kayu Jati Putih (Gmelina arborea. Roxb) dan Papan Lamninasi Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper)." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 9, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v9i2.4186.

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This study of laminated boards wants to compare laminated boards made of wood and non-wood raw materials. For wood, use white teak (Gmelina arborea. Roxb) and non-wood using petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). Teak wood is easy to work either by machine or by hand. It has an average fiber length of 1.32 mm with a diameter of 24.8 μm. Teak wood is included in durable class 1 and strong class II, has a fairly good nail resistance and can withstand rust with the age of an old tree. Petung bamboo has a diameter that can reach 20 cm with a wall thickness of 1-3 cm, making it suitable for use as laminated bamboo. To see the difference in strength of the two boards, it is necessary to test the physical and mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to compare the strength of the physical and mechanical properties of laminated boards made of wood and non-wood so that they can provide recommendations according to their use. The test values for physical and mechanical properties of white teak laminated boards and petung bamboo laminated boards showed no significant difference. All tests of physical and mechanical properties have met the standard except for the thickness shrinkage test for white teak laminated boards which did not meet the standards. Based on the value of testing the physical and mechanical properties, the laminated boards of white teak and petung bamboo are included in the strong class III which can be used for indoor construction materials.

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Hami, B., A. Irekti, C. Aribi, B. Bezzazi, and A. Mir. "Experimental Study of Sandwich Multilayer Reinforced by Glass Fibre and Agglomerated Cork." Advanced Composites Letters 23, no. 5 (September 2014): 096369351402300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351402300503.

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This paper presents an experimental study which is determined the mechanical properties of a composite material sandwich multilayer developed in the laboratory of mechanics of materials and composites, Materials Research Unit, process and environment. This type of sandwich is composed of four layers laminated based on an epoxy resin reinforced by woven glass fibres and mast between which three plates of agglomerated cork with stacked alternately laminated layers. Specimens for bending tests three and four points were prepared from the multilayer sandwich panels. A first series of static three-point bending tests shows a clear difference in the fracture behaviour for materials, laminate and cork. These materials have undergone a large plastic deformation without rupture achieve full sandwich, with the onset of delamination between layers laminated material and cork. In order to determine the bending stiffness modules D, the shear modulus and flexural N and the shear modulus of the soul Ga, we conducted a second test campaign four points bending. As a result, we can develop a variety of white cork produced in Algeria in order to use it in the construction and automotive industries.

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Parhizgar, S. "Determination of Stiffness Properties of Multi-Ply Cord-Rubber Composites." Tire Science and Technology 17, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141685.

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Abstract The material properties of cord-rubber composites required for finite element analysis of tires are discussed. It is shown that the current experimental methods used in verification of the Laminated Plate Theory have not adequately included the coupling deformations existing in unsymmetrical laminated composites. The importance of these coupling deformations is demonstrated on a 0/90 laminated strip. A special grip system capable of decoupling loads and moments applied to a 0/90 laminated strip is introduced. A procedure for experimental determination of the stiffness constants of 0/90 laminate is given.

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Li, Long, Fu Xing Yin, and Kotobu Nagai. "Progress of Laminated Materials and Clad Steels Production." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.439.

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Laminated materials and clad metals have received much attention in the industrial production due to the superior mechanical properties different from those in any of the constituent materials. Clad metal is a composite metal plate generally made by bonding a metal such as stainless steel plate to another metal such as carbon steel or low alloy steel plate. Clad metal not only has sufficient strength required of structural materials but provides other functions including resistance to heat and corrosion. As a result, the application of clad metals can significantly save precious alloying elements and reduce the cost. Therefore, clad metals have become an increasingly interesting topic in a variety of industrial fields. In this paper, fabrication technique and evaluation on mechanical properties of laminated metals have been briefly overviewed. In addition, the applications of laminated materials including clad metals are reviewed and the prospect of clad metals in the future is also described.

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Szafranska, Halina, and Ryszard Korycki. "Multicriteria Optimization of the Mechanical Properties in Laminated Seams." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112989.

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In order to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of laminated seams in working clothing, a series of research was carried out to determine the correlation between the parameters of the seam lamination process (i.e., the temperature, the time, the pressure) and the mechanical properties of laminated seams. The mechanical properties were defined by means of the maximum breaking force, the relative elongation at break and the total bending rigidity. The mechanical indexes were accepted as the measure of durability and stability of laminated seams. The correlation between the lamination process parameters and the final properties of the tested seams in working clothing was proposed using a three-factor plan 33. Finally, the single-criteria optimization was introduced and the objective functional is the generalized utility function U. Instead of three independent optimization problems, the single problem was applied, and the global objective function was a weighted average of partial criteria with the assumed weight values. The problem of multicriteria weighted optimization was solved using the determined weights and the ranges of acceptable/unacceptable values.

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Castro, Oscar, Kim Branner, and Nikolay Dimitrov. "Assessment and propagation of mechanical property uncertainties in fatigue life prediction of composite laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 24 (March 22, 2018): 3381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318765626.

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A probabilistic model for estimating the fatigue life of laminated composite materials considering the uncertainty in their mechanical properties is developed. The uncertainty in the material properties is determined from fatigue coupon tests. Based on this uncertainty, probabilistic constant life diagrams are developed which can efficiently estimate probabilistic ɛ-N curves at any load level and stress ratio. The probabilistic ɛ-N curve information is used in a reliability analysis for fatigue limit state proposed for estimating the probability of failure of composite laminates under variable amplitude loading cycles. Fatigue life predictions of unidirectional and multi-directional glass/epoxy laminates are carried out to validate the proposed model against experimental data. The probabilistic fatigue behavior of laminates is analyzed under constant amplitude loading conditions as well as under both repeated block tests and spectral fatigue using the WISPER, WISPERX, and NEW WISPER load sequences for wind turbine blades.

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40

Hou, Chenyang, Shouyin Zhang, Zhijian Ma, Baiping Lu, and Zhenjun Wang. "Effects of SiC Fibers and Laminated Structure on Mechanical Properties of Ti–Al Laminated Composites." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061323.

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Ti/Ti–Al and SiCf-reinforced Ti/Ti–Al laminated composites were fabricated through vacuum hot-pressure using pure Ti foils, pure Al foils and SiC fibers as raw materials. The effects of SiC fiber and a laminated structure on the properties of Ti–Al laminated composites were studied. A novel method of fiber weaving was implemented to arrange the SiC fibers, which can guarantee the equal spacing of the fibers without introducing other elements. Results showed that with a higher exerted pressure, a more compact structure with fewer Kirkendall holes can be obtained in SiCf-reinforced Ti/Ti–Al laminated composites. The tensile strength along the longitudinal direction of fibers was about 400 ± 10 MPa, which was 60% higher compared with the fabricated Ti/Ti–Al laminated composites with the same volume fraction (60%) of the Ti layer. An in situ tensile test was adopted to observe the deformation behavior and fracture mechanisms of the SiCf-reinforced Ti/Ti–Al laminated composites. Results showed that microcracks first occurred in the Ti–Al intermetallic layer.

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Barbero, Ever J., and Javier Cabrera Barbero. "Damage initiation and evolution during monotonic cooling of laminated composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 30 (May 22, 2018): 4151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318776721.

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The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to predict matrix damage initiation and evolution in laminated composites subjected to monotonic cooling using discrete damage mechanics and a careful characterization of the required temperature-dependent material properties. Since prediction of thermo-mechanical damage requires precise knowledge of the temperature-dependent properties of the material, back-calculation of fiber and matrix properties from different sources is included. The proposed methodology is flexible, in that it can be adapted to the availability of experimental data. A compilation of literature data is developed to estimate the properties of several fiber and matrix systems. Prediction of lamina and laminate temperature-dependent properties are compared with available data. Furthermore, temperature-dependent fracture toughness of four material systems are estimated from available crack density data. For the material systems studied, it is found that temperature-independent fracture toughness is satisfactory for prediction of damage initiation, evolution, and saturation.

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Girjob, Claudia, Gabriel Racz, Octavian Bologa, and Cristina Biris. "Study of the Formability of Light Metallic Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.289.

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There is a continuing interest in using laminated materials for the production of lightweight parts, the resulting parts having the same functionality and even an increased stiffness and length of operation compared to conventional materials. The present paper aims to study the forming behavior of the laminated materials that requires the unfolding of tests to determine the tensile mechanical properties and the intrinsic properties, determining the forming limit curves by means of the Nakajima test and the analysis of the behavior at unconventional incremental forming.

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Shokrieh, MM, R. Ghasemi, and R. Mosalmani. "A general micromechanical model to predict elastic and strength properties of balanced plain weave fabric composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 20 (June 28, 2017): 2863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317716530.

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In the present research, a micromechanical-analytical model was developed to predict the elastic properties and strength of balanced plain weave fabric composites. In this way, a new homogenization method has been developed by using a laminate analogy method for the balanced plain weave fabric composites. The proposed homogenization method is a multi-scale homogenization procedure. This model divides the representative volume element to several sub-elements, in a way that the combination of the sub-elements can be considered as a laminated composite. To determine the mechanical properties of laminates, instead of using an iso-strain assumption, the assumptions of constant in-plane strains and constant out-of-plane stress have been considered. The applied assumptions improve the accuracy of prediction of mechanical properties of balanced plain weave fabrics composites, especially the out-of-plane elastic properties. Also, the stress analysis for prediction of strain–stress behavior and strength has been implemented in a similar manner. In addition, the nonlinear mechanical behavior of balanced plain weave composite is studied by considering the inelastic mechanical behavior of its polymeric matrix. To assess the accuracy of the present model, the results were compared with available results in the literature. The results, including of engineering constants (elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio) and stress–strain behavior show the accuracy of the present model.

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Ali, Aidy, Kannan Rassiah, and M. M. H. Megat Ahmad. "The Effect of Stacking Sequence of Woven Bamboo on Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.48.

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Natural fiber-reinforced composites are necessary to increase the use of polymer composite technology. This study investigates a specific type of bamboo species named Gigantochloa Scortechinii (Buluh Semantan), collected from the Bukit Larang Village in Melaka, Malaysia. Bamboo strips with average dimensions of 300 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm were weaved in plain-woven bamboo and divided into 2 to 6 laminate layers through 6 layers of E-glass epoxy subjected to the hand lay-up process to produce the hybrid composite. The hybrid composites were prepared in a stacking sequence of plain-woven bamboo and were characterized in their mechanical properties. The behaviors of the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength improved in the 2-layer laminated hybrid sequences. Still, the opposite trend was observed for the hardness value with the 6-layer laminated mixed sequences. The morphology scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results supported the findings of the mechanical properties, which demonstrated the interaction between the EP and fibers with the selected stacking sequence. The works give sound basis decisions to engineers to apply the Bamboo laminated composites in construction materials and building decoration.

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Vummadisetti, Sudhir, Sesha Ratnam Pasalapudi, Santosh Kumar Gottapu, Kranthi Kumar Goriparthi, and Areda Batu. "Structural Classification of Basalt FRP at High Temperatures." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (September 11, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6917471.

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In this study, two different temperatures are considered to verify the mechanical response of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer specimens. Initially, fibers are subjected to 300°C temperature for 4 hours and 600°C temperature for 2 hours in an electrical muffle furnace effectively. Later, laminates were prepared with these fibers and machined into test strips to verify their mechanical properties by conducting tensile and flexural tests. These laminates were compared with specimens prepared with normal fibers, i.e., fibers without temperature treatment. Moreover, the ductility and elastic behavior of the basalt fiber-laminated specimens are studied to figure out the possible structural applications. The residual stress of specimens subjected to 300°C temperature under tensile loading is about 84%, whereas for 600°C temperature, it is only 13% of maximum stress. A similar trend has been observed for specimens tested under flexural loading condition. Hence, it is concluded that the basalt fiber-reinforced polymer laminate can withstand and depict satisfactory results up to 300°C elevated temperature irrespective of time.

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Nagamadhu, M., and S. B. Kivade. "Novel Studies on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Structural Glass with and without Lamination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 903 (April 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.903.65.

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The attractiveness of glass is something that occupied the world market with a unique claim. It has many applications that go beyond the provision of visual aesthetics, which includes a view of the inside and out. Due to extreme levels of clarity, structural glazing may be so transparent that it may go unnoticed by design or make a strong visual impact such as the focal point of a building. This paper focused on structural glass with various laminated/laminated conditions that were used to investigate the Dynamic Mechanical Properties. The storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G'') and damping factor (tan delta) were determined at various levels, ranging from room temperature to elevated temperatures (250 °C) to understand the behavior of glass structure with and without laminated glass over a range of temperatures. The G' & G'' were tested to understand the effect of bonding, fracture behavior between the pure glass and laminated glass to observe the response with respect to temperature. Results are found that G' and G'' improve over a range of temperatures for laminated glass with enlightening fracture behavior. Laminated glass also has a major influence on the damping factor, but it also depends on the laminated thickness and materials. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of laminated glass are more improved, without affecting the transferability of glass.

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Ghasemi, A. R., and M. Moradi. "Low thermal cycling effects on mechanical properties of laminated composite materials." Mechanics of Materials 96 (May 2016): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2016.01.012.

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48

Johnson, A. F. "Comparison of the mechanical properties of SMC with laminated GRP materials." Composites 17, no. 3 (July 1986): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(86)91007-4.

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Shul’ga, N. A. "Effective magnetoelastic properties of laminated composites." International Applied Mechanics 42, no. 8 (August 2006): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10778-006-0155-3.

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Yang, Chihdar, and Su-Seng Pang. "Stress-Strain Analysis of Single-Lap Composite Joints Under Tension." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804896.

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Based on the laminated anisotropic plate theory, an analytical model is proposed to determine the stress and strain distributions of adhesive-bonded composite single-lap joints under tension. The laminated anisotropic plate theory is applied in the derivation of the governing equations of the two bonded laminates. The entire coupled system is then obtained through assuming the peel stress between the two laminates. With the Fourier series and appropriate boundary conditions, the solutions of the system are obtained. Based on the proposed model, the stress and strain distributions of the adherends and the adhesive can be predicted. The coupling effect between the external tension and the induced bending due to the asymmetry of composite laminates are also included. The two adherends can also have different materials and properties. An existing FEA code, “ALGOR,” is used as a comparison with this proposed analytical model. Results from this developed model are also compared with Goland and Reissner’s as well as Hart-Smith’s papers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Laminated materials Mechanical properties'

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