Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'LAMOST'

The metal strung harp indigenous to Ireland and Scotland from the Medieval period to the end of the 18th century was widely admired throughout its time period, and is now an important part of the cultural and musical heritage of both of these countries. This type of harp, known as the 'Irish harp', cláirseach, or clàrsach, currently has 18 known surviving instruments, including two sets of fragments. All of these harps are now too fragile to be played, therefore musicians and audiences wishing to explore the performance practice and repertory associated with them must rely on faithful replicas. The extensive knowledge and understanding of the construction of the surviving harps that is crucial to building these replica instruments is currently very limited, however. Although harps of this type enjoyed a long period of use dating back to the Medieval period, most surviving instruments post-date the beginning of the 17th century. Two harps belonging to the National Museum of Scotland, the 'Queen Mary' and 'Lamont', generally dated to circa the 15th century, are understood to be two of the oldest extant examples, making a study of their construction of particular interest. This dissertation presents the results of a comprehensive study of the construction of these two harps. A methodology was developed to address the issue of their uniqueness and fragility by combining the techniques used for non- and minimally destructive analysis of archeological artefacts with non-invasive medical diagnostic imaging. This study has utilized CT-scanning to provide three-dimensional radiography of each harp; XRF and SEM-EDX analysis to identify woods, metals, and pigments; photography and microscopy to record the decorative work, visible damage, repairs, and modifications; and a visual examination to assess the current state of each harp and to identify areas of interest for further analysis. The CT scanning was conducted at the Clinical Research Imaging Centre of Queen's Medical Research Institute, and the remainder of the analysis was conducted at the National Museums Scotland Collections Centre. Staff at both centres kindly facilitated the acquisition of the data for this study. Part I of this dissertation discusses the stringing of the instruments, presenting materials analysis of wire fragments, analysis of the effect of damage to the frames on the length and number of strings, and proposed reconstructions of the 'as-built' string lengths. Possible solutions for the pitch and gamut of each harp are also discussed. The construction of the harps is discussed where it is relevant to understanding the stringing. Part II presents a general discussion of the construction of each harp, including materials, decorative work, modifications, and signs of wear. This section also discusses evidence that may help establish dates of construction and timelines of modifications. Diagrams showing the dimensions of each harp are also presented. The implications of the results of this study for current understanding of these harps are discussed in detail and the methodology employed is discussed in terms of its applicability to future research of other surviving instruments.

This essay, which is at once a literary critical examination and a theological exploration of the Hebraic scriptural book of Lamentations in relation to ancient Sumerian lament, employs a mixed critical approach (e.g., form, feminist, postmodern, reader response), to address various lyrical, contextual, and thematic elements common to both the biblical Lamentations and the older Sumerian compositions. Specific focus is given to issues of gender and gender-malleability, as well as the notion of "transgression" and the various meanings that may be attached to this word in various contexts, theological or otherwise. Also addressed is the means by which the lament genre reflects/reveals the ways in which individuals and communities attempt to construct meaning, or find solace, in the face of human suffering.<br>B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Humanities<br>Humanities

The rotor shaft of a synchronous machine can experience severe mechanical stress due to torque pulsations during a pole-slip condition. All pole-slip protection relays currently on the market use the impedance pole-slip protection method to detect a pole-slip. No commercial relay currently available can predict accurately when a generator is about to experience a damaging pole-slip. All the relays will only trip a generator after it has pole-slipped one or more times. Severe mechanical damage could be caused to a machine after only one pole-slip. It is therefore essential to enhance pole-slip protection relays to such an extent that it can trip a generator before it pole slips. The proposed pole-slip protection function must predict when a generator will become unstable during a network fault. As soon as instability is predicted, the generator must be tripped before the fault is cleared to avoid damaging post-fault torque effects. Conventional impedance pole-slip protection methods are are also discussed and the shortcomings of impedance pole-slip protection are investigated. The new pole-slip protection function was designed by using PSCAD. Detailed PSCAD simulations on different network configurations proved that the new pole-slip protection function will trip a generator before a damaging pole-slip occurs. The new pole-slip protection function was also implemented on an ABB REM543 multifunctional protection relay and tested on a RTDS. The concept of the new pole-slip function was successfully demonstrated on the protection relay. The operation of conventional impedance scheme relays was compared with the proposed pole-slip function for different fault conditions. Although the new pole-slip protection function is more complex than the existing impedance functions, it was concluded that similar skills are required to test and commission the new protection function. The new pole-slip function outperforms the impedance protection methods, since the new protection function can trip the generator before it pole-slips.<br>PhD (Electrical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

9 pp.<br>As a general rule, lambs are not purchased until they are at least 8 weeks old and exceed 40lbs. in weight. The lamb should gain an average of .5 to .8 lbs. a day. This publication discusses how to feed a show lamb according to its nutrient needs.

The parasitic nematodes Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta and Haemmonchus contortus are two of the most important pathogens of sheep and goats worldwide. The purpose of the work described in this thesis was to identify the mechanism of resistance to these parasites in young lambs. Lambs infected with T. circumcincta are incapable of controlling their worm burdens. However, it appears that some are capable of controlling the growth and therefore the fecundity of adult female worms. Work described in chapter three shows that the most important mechanism controlling the growth and fecundity of this parasite is the local IgA response. 933 lambs were studied over 5 years. Faecal egg counts were performed on these lambs and 485 of these lambs were slaughtered and the average female worm lengths determined. Analysis showed a highly significant effect of parasite specific IgA on worm length. Those lambs with higher IgA response to fourth-stage larvae had on average shorter worms. This response was heritable. Thus genetic resistance to T. circumcincta acts by reducing worm fecundity and works through a parasite-specific IgA response. In addition, this response is sex related with male lambs having the poorest response and females the best. Not only is the quantity of IgA important in determining host resistance, but also the specificity. Chapter four details work done in investigating the antigen specificity of the IgA response to T. circumcincta.

En Italie, durant le Néolithique et l’Énéolithique, entre 6000 et 2000 cal. BC environ, dans les industries lithiques se distinguent des lames débitées par une technique particulière, la pression au levier, et des lames de grandes dimensions débitées par percussion indirecte. En moyenne, ces lames mesurent 18-20 cm de long lorsqu’elles sont entières. Elles représentent une composante marginale voire exceptionnelle au sein des séries lithiques. Par comparaison avec des séries expérimentales et par comparaison avec d’autres contextes archéologiques nous émettons l’hypothèse que leur production est le fait de groupes restreints de tailleurs de très haut niveau technique. Du nord au sud de l’Italie, 3 productions importantes et plusieurs productions secondaires ont été recensées. Certaines apparaissent dès le début du Néolithique et sont présentes durant plusieurs millénaires, d’autres ne durent que quelques siècles. Le silex extrait des mines du Gargano, dans le sud-est du pays, a été employé pour la réalisation de lames par pression au levier au moins dès 5800 cal. BC. Ces lames sont présentes tout au long du Néolithique et au-delà. Dès le début, leur morphologie et leurs dimensions témoignent d’un remarquable niveau technique. L’aspect des talons indique en outre l’utilisation d’un matériau plus dur que le bois de cervidé dans le débitage au moins dès 5600 cal. BC. L’hypothèse qu’il s’agisse du cuivre, très surprenante au vu de l’ancienneté des pièces concernées, ne peut pas être totalement écartée, mais demanderait des analyses complémentaires pour être confirmée. Au cours des siècles, la diffusion de ces lames s’étend progressivement à des régions de plus en plus lointaines et atteint plusieurs centaines de kilomètres. Cette diffusion s’adapte aux bouleversements démographiques que connaît la région au cours du Néolithique. Les lames sont généralement découvertes fragmentées dans les villages où elles côtoient des exemplaires de dimensions moindres réalisés par pression debout dans le même silex. Le niveau technique dont témoignent ces lames laisse supposer une valorisation des pièces les plus « spectaculaires » par leur morphologie et/ou leurs dimensions. D’ailleurs, des pièces entières sont connues dans des dépôts puis, à partir du Néolithique moyen, dans des sépultures. Toujours au Gargano, les débitages laminaires spécialisés de l’Énéolithique moyen, entre 3500 et 2500 cal. BC environ, n’ont de commun avecceux des siècles et millénaires précédents que l’emploi de la pression au levier et l’utilisation d’un matériau plus dur que le bois de cervidé dans le débitage. La presque totalité des lames dont le contexte de découverte est connu provient de sites funéraires liés à la culture Gaudo et est retouchée sous forme de poignards. Certains d’entre eux montrent les stigmates d’une utilisation intensive. Les liens entre cette culture et ces pièces semblent si forts qu’il est possible que l’intégralité de la chaîne opératoire de débitage, de l’extraction du silex jusqu’à la diffusion de ces objets, soit maîtrisée par la population liée à cette dernière. Aux côtés des poignards sur lame apparaissent également des poignards bifaciaux très majoritairement réalisés en silex du Gargano. En Italie centrale, les premières lames par pression au levier recensées sont réalisées autour de 4000 cal. BC dans un silex d’origine inconnue, puis apparaissent quelques lames débitées dans le silex de la Scaglia Rossa des Marches. Ces dernières demeurent rares, leur morphologie est assez hétérogène, et elles se distinguent souvent mal des productions plus ou moins longues débitées par percussion indirecte dans les mêmes silex. L’absence de développement important de cette production n’est pas liée à l’absence de matière première apte à de tels débitages mais correspond à l’absence de demande sociale forte pour ce genre de produits. En Italie du Nord, l’importance des grandes foliacées essentiellement en silex des Monts Lessins par rapport aux grandes lames ou aux lames par pression au levier semble remarquable. Il pourrait s’agir d’objets socialement équivalents. Cela expliquerait la rareté extrême des grandes lames et des lames par pression au levier dans cette région durant l’Énéolithique, entre 3500 et 2200 cal. BC environ, alors qu’elles sont présentes dans la plupart des régions voisines. Un seul exemplaire en silex des Monts Lessins a été recensé et ne sont connues que quelques pièces en silex de Forcalquier dont la diffusion est presque exclusivement limitée aux franges occidentales de ce pays. En Sardaigne, le développement à partir 4200-4000 cal. BC environ d’une production de lames par pression au levier en silex de Perfugas dans le nord de l’île est à peu près synchrone avec le développement de la culture Ozieri. Aucune lame n’est produite après la fin de cette culture, c'est-à-dire vers 3500 cal. BC. Ces lames sont réalisées avec un matériau plus dur que le bois de cervidé. Elles font partie des diverses productions techniques comme les céramiques et les statuettes qui sont étroitement liées à la culture Ozieri. À l’image de ces autres productions, les lames ne diffusent quasiment pas ni vers la Corse, ni vers le Continent. En Sicile, les grandes lames et les lames par pression au levier apparaissent précocement, peut-être dès l’aube du Néolithique entre 6000 et 5500 cal. BC environ et sont présentes jusqu’au début de l’Âge du Bronze, vers 2000 cal. BC. Dès le 6ème millénaire l’aspect des talons de certaines lames évoque l’utilisation d’un matériau plus dur que le bois de cervidé dans le débitage. Le silex dans lequel elles sont réalisées est extrait au moins en partie de mines dans les Monts Hybléens, dans le sud-est de l’île. Ces structures ne sont pas datées. L’existence d’un second centre de production dans l’ouest de la Sicile est hautement probable. La seule évolution nettement perceptible dans cette production est le développement du dépôt de ces lames dans les sites funéraires à partir de la fin du Néolithique. La permanence remarquable de ces débitages peut être mise en parallèle avec d’autres aspects culturels de cette région qui montrent également un fort conservatisme. L’absence d’indices nets qui pourraient suggérer un développement local et l’analogie entre les techniques de débitage des différentes productions recensées permettent de proposer un modèle de développement des ateliers qui implique le déplacement de tailleurs spécialisés selon plusieurs scénarios possibles. Ces tailleurs provenant d’un lieu encore indéterminé (nord de la Grèce/Albanie ou Anatolie ?) sont parvenus dans le Gargano et peut-être en Sicile dès le début du Néolithique. Durant le Néolithique moyen, nous supposons qu’une partie des artisans du Gargano sont parvenus en Italie centrale et dans le nord de la Sardaigne. À la fin du Néolithique, il est possible que les tailleurs de lames de Perfugas en Sardaigne soient partis définitivement vers le sud de la France, à Forcalquier. Paradoxalement, malgré des liens techniques indéniables, les aires de diffusion des différentes productions sont le plus souvent exclusives les unes des autres. Une analyse de la morphologie, de l’utilisation et de la gestion des lames de chaque atelier permet de constater qu’il existe en fait des différences majeures au niveau de ces critères. Le plus souvent, les lames par pression au levier et les grandes lames n’ont en commun que l’origine des tailleurs et le fait qu’il s’agit de productions fortement valorisées. Dans certaines régions où elles sont très rares ou absentes, nous émettons l’hypothèse que ce rôle est tenu par d’autres bien fortement valorisés comme les grandes haches en roche alpine. En Italie, les lames par pression au levier et les grandes lames sont donc des productions homogènes sur le plan technique, mais très hétérogènes sur le plan culturel et leur signification sur le plan social doit être relativisée vis-à-vis des autres productions socialement valorisées des cultures concernées. Mots clés Italie, Néolithique, Énéolithique, technologie lithique, silex, grandes lames, pression au levier, poignards, spécialisation, connaissances et savoir-faire, diffusion, biens fortement valorisés<br>In Italy during the Neolithic and the Eneolithic, between circa 6000 and 2000 BC cal., in the lithic industries, we can find blades made by a special technique, the lever pressure, and long blades made by indirect percussion. These blades are 18-20 cm long in average. They’re a marginal or exceptional component of the lithic industries. By comparison with experimental series, and by comparison with others archaeological cases, we can suppose that they’re produced by very small groups of very skilled knappers. In Italy, from the north to the south, we have identified 3 important productions and several secondary productions. Some appears in the beginning of the Neolithic and are present during millennia, others are limited to several centuries. The flint extracted from the Gargano mines, in the southeast, is used to make lever pressure blades at least since 5800 cal. BC. We can fin these blades during all the Neolithic and even later. From the beginning, their morphology and their dimensions is an indication of their noticeable technical level. The aspect of the butts permits to stabilize that a device harder than antler has been used to strike them at least since 5600 cal. BC. We need now to do analysis in order to verify if it’s a copper device, which would be very surprising because these blades are more than a millennium older than the first metal artifacts known in this area. The diffusion of these blade grows gradually during the centuries and in the Late Neolithic some blades are found hundreds kilometers far from the Gargano. The diffusion of these blades has adapted itself to the demographic changes in this region during the Neolithic. In the villages, the blades are found in short segments with others blades in the same flint made by standing pressure. The technical level of these blades is an indication of the valorization of the most spectacular ones by their morphology and/or their dimensions. Complete blades are found in hoards and, since the Middle Neolithic, in graves. Always in the Gargano, the specialized laminar flintknapping of the Middle Neolithic, between circa 3500 and 2500 cal. BC, are very different from the Neolithic and Early Eneolithic ones. Only the technique (the lever pressure) and the use of a device harder than antler in the knapping are common. Nearly the all blades, for which the origin is known, are coming from the graves of the Gaudo culture and are retouched in daggers. Some are intensively used. The links between this culture and these daggers are so strong, that it’s possible that Gaudo people control the entire «chaîne opératoire», from the extraction of the flint to the diffusion of these artifacts. Beside the blade daggers, there are bifacial daggers mainly realized in Gargano flint. In central Italy, the first pressure blades known are present circa 4000 cal. BC in a flint from an unknown origin. Then we can find some blades made in Scaglia Rossa flint from the Marches. These blades are rare, their morphology is not regular, and it’s sometimes hard to distinguish them from blades made by indirect percussion in the same flint. The weak development of this production is not the consequence of a lack of flint suitable for that type of blades, but is a consequence of the absence of social demand for that type of products. In Northern Italy, the importance of bifacial daggers and bifacial points production in Lessinian flint is noticeable. They can be a social equivalent of the long blades and lever pressure blades which are very rare in this area during the Eneolithic, between circa 3500 and 2200 cal. BC, whereas in the same time, this kind of blade is present in the neighboring areas. We have identified only one single artifact made by lever pressure probably in Lessinian flint, and a few onesmade in Forcalquier flint (south-east France). The latter ones are mainly discovered in northwest Italy. In Sardinia, from circa 4200-4000 cal. BC, the development of the lever pressure blades in Perfugas flint, in the north of the Island, is nearly synchronic with the development of the Ozieri culture. There is no blade after the disappearance of this culture, circa 3500 cal. BC. These blades are made with a device harder than antler. They’re a part of several technical productions, like ceramics and stone/bone figurines, which are closely linked with Ozieri culture. As these others productions, the flint blades are discovered almost exclusively in Sardinia. In Sicily, long blades and lever pressure blades appear early, maybe in the Early Neolithic, between circa 6000 and 5500 cal. BC and are presented till the beginning of the Bronze Age, circa 2000 cal. BC. Already in the 6th millennium, the aspect of the butts of some blades is an indication of the use of a device harder than antler in the knapping. Almost one part of the blades is in a flint coming from mines in the Hyblean hills, in the southeast of the Island. We have no precise information about the period when the mines have been dug. There’s probably an other production center in the west of the Island. The only evolution visible in this production is the deposit of some blades in the graves since the end of the Neolithic. The exceptional longevity of this production (almost 3500 years) is probably symptomatic of the cultural development of Sicily during this period, which is characterized by a strong conservatism in several aspects. The absence of clear clues of a local development and the analogy in the knapping techniques between every productions are the elements that permit us to propose a model for the development of these specialized flintknappings. This model implies the circulation of specialized flintknappers. We propose several theorical scenarios. The precise origin of the flintknappers is still unknown (northern Greece/Albania or Anatolia?). They first arrived in the Gargano and maybe in Sicily in the beginning of the Neolithic. During the Middle Neolithic, we suppose that some of the knappers of the Gargano get in Central Italy and in northern Sardinia. In the end of the Neolithic, it’s possible that all the Sardinians knappers left definitely Perfugas to go to Forcalquier in southeast France. Although there are technical links, the diffusion areas of the products are almost exclusive each other. An analysis of the morphology, the utilization and the way they’re managed permits to see that there are actually major differences in these criteria. In most cases, long blades and lever pressure blades have nothing in common but the origin of the knappers and the fact that they’re highly valorized products. In some regions where they’re rare or nearly absent, we suppose that other highly valorized products like alpine long axes hold this role. In Italy, long blades and lever pressure blades are very similar by their technique, but very different on the cultural level and their meaning on the social level. Furthermore, their signification in the social level must be considered with the other highly valorized produced in the concerned cultures

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-2970. Investigations presented involve 18 hour to 5 day old South Australian merino lambs. Some twin lambs were available for comparative studies. Examines the relationship between the strength of ewe-lamb bond and the lamb's ability to follow the mother, the energy availability and usage in the lamb, particularly for locomotion, and the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to locomotion.

La presente investigación analiza el proceso de planificación del territorio y la aplicación de sus instrumentos. Actualmente existen desarticulaciones territoriales que afectan a la población urbano-rural, debido a que no se ha logrado resolver eficazmente la exclusión en su interior. De esta manera, es importante identificar aquellos aspectos propios de una localidad, en este caso en el distrito de Lamas del departamento de San Martín, que configuran un territorio habitado y ocupado a partir del cotidiano de la población. Para entender e identificar cuáles son estos aspectos propios de una localidad que configuran un territorio, se tomó como base teórica el enfoque de territorialidad. Su aplicación en las comunidades nativas que se ubican en el distrito de Lamas permite ir desde lo local, identificando sus principales características como ejes de planificación. Un paso metodológico es realizar un análisis crítico al Plan de Desarrollo Urbano de la ciudad de Lamas. Se trata de identificar las incongruencias que en él se plantean frente al enfoque de la territorialidad. Una de ellas, por ejemplo, el enfoque netamente urbano en las ciudades menores principales como Lamas, cuya característica principal es la estrecha relación con su ámbito rural. El trabajo desarrolla una primera aproximación sobre la estructura territorial, identificada a partir de la multiescalaridad y la multidimensionalidad, las cuales se dan a partir de la organización, relaciones y recorridos en el territorio.<br>Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:59:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo372_1.pdf: 1424769 bytes, checksum: b93a14ffc416b9f2e4e209057cf11851 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>A eficiência de tratamentos de biorremediação utilizando fertilizantes e um biossurfactante na redução da toxicidade de sedimento contaminado por petróleo e um derivado, ao longo do tempo, foi avaliada no presente trabalho por meio de bioensaios com o copépodo Tisbe biminiensis. O sedimento utilizado foi coletado no estuário do rio São Paulo-BA, área com histórico de contaminação por derivados de petróleo e na baía de Suape-PE. Em laboratório, os sedimentos foram acondicionados em provetas de vidro acomodadas em aquários. Para cada tratamento foram utilizados 3 aquários sujeitos à renovação de 1/3 da água a cada 12 horas. O sedimento do estuário do rio São Paulo foi homogeneizando e recebeu os fertilizantes NPK e OMOCOTE, aplicados em 3 vezes de 1,5 g em cada proveta. O sedimento de Suape foi contaminado com óleo diesel (40 g. kg-1) e recebeu biossurfactante ramnolipídeo (0,04 g. kg-1), produzido pela bactéria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Os sedimentos contaminados por petróleo e derivado sujeitos à biorremediação foram comparados ao sedimento controle, proveniente de uma área sem contaminação. As coletas das provetas de sedimento para a avaliação ecotoxicológica foram realizadas 6 vezes durante os 90 dias do experimento com fertilizantes e 5 vezes durante os 111 dias do experimento com biossurfactante. Durante os bioensaios, cinco réplicas contendo sedimento controle, coletada em uma área livre de contaminação, foram utilizados para comparar o efeito tóxico. Os testes de toxicidade tiveram duração de 7 dias. Para cada réplica de sedimento foram utilizadas 10 fêmeas ovígeras, colocadas em recipientes-teste contendo 2g do sedimento em estudo e 20 ml de suspensão de diatomácea a uma concentração de 0,2&#956;g Clorofila a. mL-1. A adição de alimento era realizada a cada dois dias. Ao término de cada experimento as fêmeas eram coradas com Rosa de Bengala e fixadas em formol para contagem e análise dos efeitos letais e sub-letais (sobre a prole). O sedimento coletado no estuário do Rio São Paulo, testado inicialmente após homogeneização não apresentou toxicidade letal às fêmeas de Tisbe biminiensis, porém reduziu significativamente a fecundidade total dos organismos expostos. A introdução do fertilizante NPK interferiu na sobrevivência das fêmeas nas coletas realizadas com 1 e 8 dias após o início do experimento, contudo este sinal de letalidade desaparece no decorrer do período de biorremediação com os fertilizantes. A fecundidade dos organismos aumenta gradativamente tanto nos tratamentos em que houve adição de fertilizantes quanto no tratamento sujeito apenas à atenuação natural, não havendo diferenças significativas entre tais tratamentos. O tratamento com biossurfactante apresentou efeito tóxico sub-letal na fecundidade do copépodo na primeira avaliação após a adição deste composto, aos 21 dias de experimento, possivelmente pela disponibilização do óleo, pela presença de metabólitos gerados após a degradação ou ainda pela toxicidade do biossurfactante. Este tratamento não demonstrou superioridade quanto à eficiência em relação ao sedimento sujeito apenas à atenuação natural. Desta forma, a adição de fertilizantes, bem como o uso de biossurfactante, nas concentrações utilizadas, não acelerou a redução da toxicidade dos sedimentos contaminados do estuário do rio São Paulo e da baía de Suape, respectivamente. Nestas circunstâncias, a atenuação natural dos hidrocarbonetos liberados por derivados do petróleo no sedimento resultará em uma degradação sem maiores prejuízos à biota

Local anaesthetic administered epidurally at the base of the tail, and infiltrated into the testes, spermatic cords and neck of the scrotum eliminated the behavioural and plasma cortisol responses associated with castration and tail-docking, confirming that the pain observed was dependent on afferent activity from the affected areas. Having established the neural basis of the responses seen, attempts were made to modify the intensity of pain experienced so that measurement of the changes in behaviour and plasma cortisol concentration could be used to determine the usefulness of the behavioural and physiological indices adopted for the recognition and assessment of pain. Pretreatment with intravenous naloxone 0.2mg/kg I/V), which was anticipated to antagonise an endogenous opioid antinociceptive system activated following castration and tail-docking, provided limited evidence for an increase in pain intensity. 6 procedures which were proposed to represent a range of intensities and duration of noxious stimulation based on the amount and type of tissue involved were ranked in the expected order using the physiological and behavioural indices selected. A study was undertaken to determine if morphine (16mg) etorphine (10nmol) or xylaziantne (50g) by either the epidural or intrathecal route could provide a method by which pain intensity could be reduced in a dose dependent manner, to further improve the indices used for recognising and assessing pain. The results of these studies suggested that the pain produced by castration or castration and tail-docking cannot be eliminated by the doses of the drugs tested and the routes used. To confirm these results preliminary experiments were performed, morphine or xylazine was administered intrathecally to demonstrate active drug gained access to, and had the expected effect on the Sural-semitendinosus reflex in the lamb. Morphine failed to suppress the semitendinosus reflex which is consistent with the results obtained. The suppression of the semitendinosus reflex by xylazine is not consistent with the absence of analgesia in lambs to which either epidural or intrathecal xylazine (50g) had been administered prior to castration or castration and tail-docking, as the general view is that reflex suppression is highly correlated with the level of analgesia. The results of this study present data which shows physiological and behavioural indices can be used to recognise and assess a range of pain intensities in this age of lamb originating from the scrotum, testes and tail.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un plan estratégico para la provincia de Lamas con una visión hacia el año 2030, donde se presentan las estrategias y objetivos necesarios para incrementar su nivel de competitividad, dando valor al recurso humano, y tomando como pilares de su desarrollo a la educación, la salud y la reformulación de sus principales actividades económicas para incrementar su capacidad de generación de riqueza mediante su actuación sobre toda la cadena productiva. La implementación de las estrategias propuestas busca el desarrollo de la provincia con la finalidad de transformarla en un referente en producción, transformación y exportación de cacao fino de aroma y el turismo rural comunitario. Estas estrategias se formularon considerando las competencias y responsabilidades del gobierno provincial. En los resultados obtenidos se evidencia que a pesar de las adversidades del entorno externo e interno, la provincia de Lamas tiene potencial suficiente para ser una de las provincias más competitivas del Perú, a través de la transformación de sus ventajas comparativas en ventajas competitivas<br>The present study aims to develop a strategic plan for the province of Lamas with a vision board for 2030, which presents the strategies and objectives needed to increase its level of competitiveness, giving value to the human resource, and taking the education, health and main economic activities reformulation as pillars of development for increase the ability to generate benefits through taking action on the entire productive chain. The implementation of the proposed strategies looking for the development of the province in order to become a reference in production, manufacturing and export of fine aroma cocoa and community rural tourism. These strategies were formulated considering the competencies and responsibilities of the provincial government. The results show that despite the external and internal environment adversity, the province of Lamas has sufficient potential to be one of the most competitive provinces of Peru, through the change from the comparative advantages to competitive advantages<br>Tesis

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa faces many challenges, as a country. Our communities are struggling with many issues such as poverty, inequality, rape, abuse, violence, corruption and many more. Yet, our faith community seems reluctant to lament these issues during their worship services. This research looks specifically at the practice of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa. The question that this research wrestles with is: “Given the challenging times that we live in, in what way could a re-discovery or a re-claiming of lament in liturgy, against the background of healing and hope, obtain new meaning in our congregations?” The assumption of the research is that if the church wants to be relevant in the lives of their members today, she would need to revisit and reclaim the process of lament in the liturgy. It could further be argued that a re-thinking and a re-introduction of lament in liturgy could have far-reaching and enriching implications in the life of the faith community, especially where the healing of memories is concerned. Part of the research was a literature study while another section consisted of empirical studies. Congregations from the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa, in the Western Cape, took part in the studies. The main focus of the research was descriptive empirical and the information gathered had to be interpreted. Through the normative task, theological reflections could be carried out and finally possible criteria could be deduced in terms of how lament could be re-integrated into existing liturgies of our church.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid Afrika word gekonfronteer met baie uitdagings. Ons gemeenskappe gaan gebuk onder geweldige druk en word daagliks gekonfronteer met armoede, ongelykheid, verkragting, mishandeling, geweld, korrupsie en nog vele meer. Ongeag hierdie uitdagings blyk dit asof ons geloofsgemeenskap teensinnig is om te weeklaag gedurende eredienste. Hierdie navorsing kyk spesifiek na die praktyk rondom weeklaag in die liturgie van spesifieke gemeentes in die Verenigende Gereformeerde Kerk in Suider Afrika. Die vraag waarmee hierdie navorsing worstel is: “Gegewe die uitdagende tye waarin ons lewe, op watter manier kan die herontdekking of die her-besit van weeklaag in liturgie (teen die agtergrond van heling en hoop), nuwe betekenis aanneem in ons gemeentes?”. Die uitgangspunt van die navorsing is dat as die kerk relevant wil bly in die lewens van haar lidmate, dan het sy nodig om die proses van weeklaag, binne die liturgie, weer te besoek en te eien. Verder kan dit geredeneer word dat ‘n nuwe denkpatroon en ‘n nuwe bekendstelling aan weeklaag in die liturgie verreikende gevolge kan hê in die lewens van die geloofsgemeenskap, veral waar daar na die heling van ons verlede gekyk word. Een deel van die navorsing was ‘n literêre studie terwyl die tweede deel ‘n empiriese studie was. Gemeentes van die Verenigende Gereformeerde Kerk in Suider-Afrika het deel uitgemaak van die empirisie navorsing. Die klem van die navorsing was beskrywendempiries en die data moes interpreteer word. Gedurende die normatiewe deel kon daar teologies gereflekteer word oor die maniere waarop weeklaag weer deel van die bestaande liturgie gemaak kan word in ons kerk. Verskeie moontlikhede het aan die lig gekom in hierdie verband.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Germanic Languages." Discipline: Germanic Languages; Department/School: Germanic Languages.

The opera is scored for chamber orchestra consisting of one oboe, two Bb clarinets, two horns in F, one trumpet in C, one tenor trombone, two percussionists (playing snare drum, bass drum, tambourine, wood block, triangle, suspended cymbal, crash cymbal, agogo bells, cow bell, brake drum, metal whistle, whip, large gong, Glockenspiel, chimes, timpani in F (low) and C), eight or more violins in two parts, six or more violas in two parts, and eight or more cellos in two parts. The characters are Alejandro Jiminez, a dramatic tenor; the Manager of Burger Palace, a baritone; the Suits 1/Fast Food Workers, a choir (SATB) and the Suits 2/Customers, a second choir (SATB), each ideally consisting of eight vocalists for a total of sixteen; the Daydream Figures, which are mimed parts; the Man with Gun, which is a spoken part. The opera, in one act consisting of six scenes and an interlude, is based on a libretto by the composer. There is only one scene change: from an essentially empty stage to a fast food restaurant in Scene 4. The length of the work is approximately sixty to sixty-five minutes.

La Provincia de Lamas, ubicada al noreste del Departamento y Región de San Martín, cuenta con un acervo pluricultural de gran riqueza. En los bordes como dentro de la ciudad de Lamas, se encuentran barrancos y manantiales, que solían ser lugares de encuentro social. Actualmente, tanto los manantiales como los barrancos, se están viendo amenazados por la contaminación ambiental producida por la ciudad debido a la pérdida de su reconocimiento como lugar común. El Plan de Desarrollo Urbano (PDU) de la Municipalidad de Lamas del año 2017, resalta este problema ambiental y propone una serie de acciones de recuperación de estos espacios, además de un plan de reforestación para la ciudad. El presente estudio busca aportar al Plan de Desarrollo para lo cual analiza, desde un enfoque biocultural, las relaciones sociales, culturales y ecológicas entre la población usuaria y las especies de árboles y palmeras de la ciudad, que se encuentran en barrancos, manantiales, calles, plazas, jardines, huertas privadas y alrededores rurales. Se concluye que los árboles y palmeras brindan servicios ecosistémicos, sociales y económicos a la población, así como son parte importante de la cultura e historia de la ciudad. Sin embargo, la presencia de especies nativas de árboles y palmeras se ve amenazada por un fenómeno de aculturación de la población y la disminución del tamaño de las huertas, espacios que suelen albergar una diversidad de estas especies. A partir de estos hallazgos, se recomiendan consideraciones a seguir para la posterior puesta en práctica de planes de intervención en las áreas verdes de la ciudad por parte del gobierno local.<br>Trabajo de investigación

<p><strong><strong><p>Abstract</p><p>This thesis was conducted by Jenny Jansson and Maria Madsen, students at the Faculty of</p><p>Technology and Science and the Innovation and Design Engineer programme at Karlstad</p><p>University, during the spring 2008. The thesis covers 22,5hp for each student. Anna</p><p>Holmquist and Chandra Ahlsell at the company FOLKFORM were the ones who requested</p><p>the theis, their company are located at Stora Skuggan in Stockholm. Tutor for this thesis was</p><p>Lennar Wihk and the examiner was Monika Jakobsson of Karlstad University.</p><p>The given assignment came from FOLKFORM and the aim for the thesis was to create a</p><p>further development of two already existing lamps from an earlier collection at FOLKFORM,</p><p>“Jaipur” and “Modern Times”. The students used their creativity and ability to come up with</p><p>fresh ideas and new innovations with the lamps current design, but also considering</p><p>material, manufacturing methods and the environment.</p><p>Throughout the working process it was evident to create an exclusive concept yet a cheap</p><p>concept for each lamp, where the main criteria were to make the material enlighten the</p><p>feeling.</p><p>Apart from these concepts new ones for the packing was to be evolved, one concept for</p><p>each one of the lamps.</p><p>Through extensive research of materials, production methods and the market and consumer</p><p>needs, which generated in many ideas. The final stage was with the product of a concept</p><p>development. The chosen concept then generated in this thesis, with concept developing</p><p>and prototype developing, and four actual products, well conducted concepts of the lamps</p><p>Palmett and Rotation in the final stage.</p><p>The result of the thesis was, as mentioned above, four prototypes in 1:1 scale, an exhibition,</p><p>a PowerPoint presentation and a written thesis report.</p><p>Expectations are that FOLKFORM are willing to use the concept made by the two students in</p><p>their own making when it comes to the developing of earlier collections, were the lamps are</p><p>represented.</p></strong></strong></p>

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The following study is to determine if a creep feed balanced for limiting essential amino acids (EAA) at a certain non structural carbohydrate (NSC) level will elicit greater responses than lambs reared on a commercial creep feed. Lysine, Threonine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine and Leucine were determined as the limiting amino acids for nursing lambs. These amino acids were incorporated into the creep feed treatments CF1 and CF2 representing 157 g CP/kg, 477 g NSC/kg and 179 g CP/kg, 508 g NSC/kg, respectively. A commercial creep feed with no optimisation for EAA is represented as CFC with 139 g CP/kg and 455 g NSC/kg. A negative control (CON) treatment represents lambs receiving no creep feed but with ad libitum access to suckle their dams while feeding on kikuyu pasture. A growth trial was conducted on Merino x Döhne-Merino cross twin lambs averaging a birth weight of 4.42 kg ± 0.11 for 60 days following with a digestibility trial towards the end of the trial. Half of the lamb crop was slaughtered at an average live weight of 23.6 kg ± 0.56. The M. longissimus dorsi was removed on both the left and right half of the carcass between the 2nd - 3rd last thoracic vertebrae and the 4th - 5th lumbar vertebrae. A sample from the rumen wall was taken at the rumino-reticular fold to determine development characteristics. Results indicate that the feed conversion ratio for the CFC lambs were better than CF1 (P = 0.052) but not more than CF2 (P = 0.307). The FCR was 0.88, 1.19 and 1.01 (kilogram feed required to gain 1 kg in bodyweight) for CFC, CF1 and CF2, respectively. Dressing percentage was higher for CF2 than for both CFC (P = 0.012) and CF1 (P = 0.077). Along with BUN data it was concluded that the high CP level of CF2 resulted in the higher fat deposition. The optimised creep feeds had higher nitrogen and energy balances than the commercial CFC, this implicates that the optimised creep feeds were more efficiently utilised. Optimised creep feed treatments had longer papillae than CON (P < 0.0001). Papillae of creep feed 2 was longer than CFC (P = 0.0537). Papillae width decreased as the NSC level increased thus it is surmised that higher NSC levels resulted in longer but thinner papillae. Rumen muscularization was equally developed between all the treatments and was ascribed to the lambs’ access to course roughage. Meat quality in terms of physical and chemical characteristics was found to be in range with that expected for lambs at higher slaughter weights (40 kg). In conclusion, the balancing of the limiting EAA increases the benefits of creep feeding while simultaneously being more efficiently utilised. Intensive sheep production systems may benefit from the feeding of such creep feeds provided it fits economically into their farming system.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die volgende studie is om te bepaal of 'n kruipvoer wat gebalanseerd is vir beperkende essensiële aminosure (EAA) by 'n vasgestelde nie-strukturele koolhidraat (NSK) vlak verbeterde groei sal ontlok teenoor lammers wat grootgemaak word op 'n kommersiële kruipvoer. Lisien, Treonien, Metionien, Isoleusien, Fenylalanien en Leusien is bepaal as die beperkende aminosure vir suipende lammers. Hierdie aminosure is opgeneem in die geoptimiseerde kruipvoer behandelings CF1 en CF2 wat 157 g RP/kg, 477 g NSK/kg en 179 g RP/kg, 508 g NSK/kg onderskeidelik verteenwoordig. 'n Kommersiële kruipvoer met geen optimalisering vir EAA is verteenwoordig as CFC met 139 g RP/kg en 455 g NSK/kg. 'n Negatiewe kontrole (CON) behandeling is verteenwoordig deur lammers wat geen kruipvoer ontvang het nie, maar wat ad libitum toegang tot hul ooi gehad het om te soog terwyl die ooi op ‘n kikoejoeveld wei. 'n Groei proef is uitgevoer met Merino x Döhne-Merino kruis tweelinglammers met ‘n gemiddelde geboorte gewig van 4,42 ± 0,11 kg vir 60 dae en 'n verteerbaarheids proef is na aan die einde van die studie uitgevoer. Helfte van die lam kudde is geslag by die lewende gewig van 23,6 ± 0, 56 kg. Die M. longissimus dorsi was op beide die linker-en regter helfte van die karkas tussen die 2de - 3de laaste torakale werwels en die 4de - 5de lumbale werwels verwyder. 'n Monster van die rumen wand is geneem langs die rumino retikulêre vou sodat die rumen ontwikkeling eienskappe daarmee bepaal kon word. Resultate dui daarop aan dat die voeromsetverhouding (VOV) vir CFC lammers beter was as vir CF1 (P = 0,052), maar nie meer as vir CF2 (P = 0,307) nie. Die VOV was 0,88 , 1,19 en 1,01 (kilogram voer wat nodig is om 1 kg liggaamsmassa aan te sit) vir CFC, CF1 en CF2 onderskeidelik. Uitslag persentasie vir CF2 was hoër as beide CFC (P = 0,012) en CF1 (P = 0,077). Saam met die bloed, urea en stikstofbalans data is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die hoë RP inhoud van CF2 gelei het tot ‘n hoër vetneerlegging. Die geoptimaliseerde kruipvoere het ‘n hoër stikstof- en energiebalans gehad teenoor die kommersiële CFC behandeling wat dus impliseer dat die optimale kruipvoere doeltreffender benut was. Die geoptimaliseerde kruipvoer behandelings het langer papillae gehad as CON (P < 0,0001). Papillae lengte van die CF2 behandeling is langer as die van CFC (P = 0,0537). Papillae breedte het dunner geraak soos wat die NSK-vlak gestyg het dus word vermoed dat hoër NSK-vlakke langer maar dunner papillae tot gevolg het. Rumen bespiering is ewe ontwikkeld tussen al die behandelings en word toegeskryf aan die lammers se toegang tot growwe ruvoer. Vleis kwaliteit in terme van fisiese- en chemiese eienskappe was inlyn met wat verwag kan word vir lammers by hoër slaggewigte (40 kg). Ten slotte, die balansering van beperkende aminosure verhoog die voordele van kruipvoeding en word terselfdertyd doeltreffender benut. Intensiewe skaap produksie stelsels kan dus voordeel trek uit die voeding van sodanige kruipvoere mits dit ekonomies pas in die boerdery stelsel.

Le développement de produits du bois transformés ou à valeur ajoutée se présente comme une opportunité importante de tirer profit des ressources naturelles canadiennes et du savoir-faire de l’industrie de transformation des produits du bois. L’utilisation optimale de la ressource forestière en des produits transformés est une avenue s’inscrivant dans le concept de produits du bois à valeur ajoutée. Les lames de plancher d’ingénierie sont un exemple de cette situation. Le produit se compose d’une planchette de surface de grande qualité, d’un substrat et occasionnellement d’une couche de contrebalancement. Pour un composant de bois de 4/4 d’épaisseur destiné à la fabrication de lames de plancher traditionnelles en bois massif, 4 ou 5 planchettes de surface destinées à la fabrication d’autant de lames de plancher d’ingénierie seront produites. De plus, l’usage des bois de faible qualité comme substrat est possible et c’est l’approche qui a été favorisée dans ce travail. Le produit se démarque sur les marchés européen et américain. En 2002 aux États-Unis, ce sont 58 % des revêtements de sol en bois qui étaient des lames de plancher d’ingénierie. En Europe, en 2001, 73 % des revêtements de plancher en bois étaient des planchers d’ingénierie. Ces situations sont issues d’un contexte de croissance du produit depuis les 10 dernières années. Ce projet avait pour objectif général d’augmenter et de préciser la connaissance sur le comportement et les performances des planchers d’ingénierie fabriqués à base de matériaux canadiens et mis en service dans les conditions atmosphériques nord-américaines afin d’améliorer le design de ces planchers. Plus spécifiquement, ce projet avait pour objectifs : de développer des prototypes à base de matériaux canadiens et documenter leur comportement, d’établir les critères de performance des lames de planchers d’ingénierie, d’établir un modèle mécanique du comportement des parquets d’ingénierie et de définir les paramètres de design responsables de la bonne performance des parquets d’ingénierie à l’aide de différentes modélisations et de validations expérimentales. Dans un premier temps, des prototypes ont été réalisés et testés en chambres climatisées. À cette étape du projet, l’acquisition de connaissances sur le sujet était prioritaire. Incidemment, un critère de performance fut établi de même qu’une méthodologie pour faire la comparaison de la performance de différentes constructions de lames de plancher d’ingénierie. Le matériau utilisé comme substrat a eu un impact important sur la performance observée. L’utilisation d’une couche de contrebalancement a aussi eu un impact notable. Dans un second temps, l’approche de modélisation par la méthode des éléments finis fut utilisée pour obtenir des prédictions du comportement des lames de plancher d’ingénierie précédemment évaluées en laboratoire. Ainsi, certains paramètres moins bien documentés ont été modulés afin d’observer leur impact sur le modèle. Ensuite, les résultats expérimentaux de la construction faite de 4 mm d’épaisseur de couche de surface en érable à sucre, de 8 mm d’épaisseur de substrat en bouleau blanc et de 2 mm d’épaisseur de couche de contrebalancement en bouleau jaune ont été reproduits avec succès. Enfin, le modèle fut utilisé pour une étude de la géométrie et des espèces utilisées dans le substrat. Il est apparu que la nature du substrat est importante. Plus les propriétés mécaniques du matériau augmentent, moins importante est la déformation de tirant à cœur, le principal critère de performance. L’épaisseur du substrat est apparue également comme un levier important afin de contrôler la déformation dans les lames de plancher d’ingénierie.

碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>天文研究所<br>104<br>The M dwarfs are usually known with their convective envelopes. Due to the strong magnetic activities associated with their convective envelopes, M dwarfs showing strong chromospheric emission in Hα line have large flare activities in general. Moreover, comparing with G dwarfs, the habitable zone is much closer to M dwarfs. The habitability of the exoplanet might be affected by flares of M dwarfs and, therefore, it is interesting to investigate the flare phenomena of M dwarfs. This thesis provides a sample of the LAMOST spectra of the early M dwarfs (i.e., M0 – M3) to compare with the Kepler observations. The rotational periods derived from the Kepler measurements are highly correlated with flare intensity, the power-law index of distribution and the equivalent widths of the Hα line emission. We found that fast rotating (i.e., rotational periods < 15 day) M dwarfs have more magnetic activities.

The field of political violence is introduced with an overview of anti-State political violence in South Africa between 1 January 1977 and 21 July 1985. Incidents of political violence in that period were classified into one of three categories, each of which reflects different sources of political violence. Subsequently, the research analysed what is referred to 'spontaneous' collective violence in two of Durban's townships Lamont and KwaMashu. The theoretical framework for the analysis of this type of behaviour is provided by T.R. Gurr using the formula: MPV = RD + (RD x JUST x BALANCE) where MPV is the magnitude of political violence; RD is discontent; JUST is the justifications for engaging in violence; and BALANCE is the ratio of support for, and coercive capacity of, dissidents vis-a-vis the State. The weight of each variable (RD, JUST and BALANCE) was assessed in Lamont and KwaMashu through interviews with 25 group leaders from both townships and by various inferential techniques. While discontent was found to be universal in both townships, the justifications for engaging in violence as a strategy to alleviate that discontent and alter existing power relations were found to be a function of ideology. For the purposes of this research two ideological classifications were employed: 'reactionaries' (those organisations operating within government created institutions, including bantustans, e.g. Inkatha); and 'progressives' (those organisations operating outside government created institutions and which are popularly labelled the Left e.g. the United Democratic Front). In Durban there is a specific spatial distribution of ideology which has resulted in support for, and the coercive capacity of, reactionaries' being greatest in bantustan townships ' (e.g. KwaMashu), while among 'progressives' support and coercive capacity are highest in townships in 'white' South Africa (e.g. Lamont). The distribution of ideology has its origins in historical forces which are discussed in detail. The question to be answered thus remains at what point does political violence reach a crescendo? This question was answered by identifying the issues precipitating political violence in Lamont and KwaMashu and then analysing specific incidents. Frequently, the most intense collective violence erupted when resistance to State hegemony was interpreted by the State, or its proxies, as challenging the existing status quo. In Lamont the State has directly intervened to crush resistance through the use of its security forces while in KwaMashu Inkatha vigilantes have acted as proxies for the State.<br>Thesis (M.Soc.Sci.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1987.