Academic literature on the topic 'Land based salmon farming'
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Journal articles on the topic "Land based salmon farming"
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Bjørndal, Trond, and Amalie Tusvik. "Economic analysis of land based farming of salmon." Aquaculture Economics & Management 23, no. 4 (2019): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2019.1654558.
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McEwan, Gregor F., Maya L. Groner, Danielle L. Burnett, Mark D. Fast, and Crawford W. Revie. "Managing aquatic parasites for reduced drug resistance: lessons from the land." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 125 (2016): 20160830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0830.
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Atlantic salmon farming is one of the largest aquaculture industries in the world. A major problem in salmon farms is the sea louse ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis , which can cause stress, secondary infection and sometimes mortality in the salmon host. Sea lice have substantial impacts on farm economics and potentially nearby wild salmonid populations. The most common method of controlling sea louse infestations is application of chemicals. However, most farming regions worldwide have observed resistance to the small set of treatment chemicals that are available. Despite this, there has been little investigation of treatment strategies for managing resistance in aquaculture. In this article, we compare four archetypical treatment strategies inspired by agriculture, where the topic has a rich history of study, and add a fifth strategy common in aquaculture. We use an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate these strategies and their varying applications of chemicals over time and space. We analyse the ABM output to compare how the strategies perform in controlling louse abundance, number of treatments required and levels of resistance in the sea louse population. Our results indicated that among the approaches considered applying chemicals in combination was the most effective over the long term.
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Heaney, S. I., R. H. Foy, G. J. A. Kennedy, W. W. Crozier, and W. C. K. O' Connor. "Impacts of agriculture on aquatic systems: lessons learnt and new unknowns in Northern Ireland." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 1 (2001): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00055.
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Agriculture in Northern Ireland depends on grass-based production, but since 1980, expansion of output has been effectively constrained by production limits set by the European Union agricultural policy. Despite this, long-term monitoring over several decades has shown significant degradation of water quality in Lough Neagh, with persistent high biomass of blue-green algae. Similar long-term studies have revealed a marked decline in the freshwater survival of salmon in the nearby River Bush. These changes may be related and reflect the impact of farming on water quality and salmonid production. Regular sampling of the inflowing rivers to Lough Neagh has shown that continued increase in lake phosphorus concentration has been primarily due to an increase in the soluble reactive phosphorus loading from agricultural diffuse sources. Similar diffuse inputs of agriculturally derived nutrients to the River Bush, leading to increased plant growth together with the accumulation of fine sediment in salmon spawning redds, are considered to be important in the decline of freshwater survival of salmon from egg to smolt. The impact of farming practices on lakes and rivers is considered in relation to understanding of the complex and interacting factors that link land use to water quality.
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Jónasson, J., and T. Gjedrem. "Genetic correlation for body weight of Atlantic salmon grilse between fish in sea ranching and land-based farming." Aquaculture 157, no. 3-4 (1997): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00060-4.
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Liu, Yajie, Trond W. Rosten, Kristian Henriksen, Erik Skontorp Hognes, Steve Summerfelt, and Brian Vinci. "Comparative economic performance and carbon footprint of two farming models for producing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Land-based closed containment system in freshwater and open net pen in seawater." Aquacultural Engineering 71 (March 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.01.001.
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Saefulhakim, R. Sunsun, Dyah Retno Panuju, and Lutfi I. Nasoetion. "An Analysis on Performance of Land-Based Farming System." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 2, no. 2 (2001): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.2.2.32-39.
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Efficiency and productivity are important terms in understanding performance of farming system. Landbased farming system is generally efficient and productive, if it operates in a certain range of land holding scale. This study assumed that efficiency and productivity are related to farmland holding scale, land fragmentation, and cropping diversification. In land based farming system, land ownershiplholding scale and fragmentation and cropping diversification are assumed to have specific correlation.This study was conducted under a cooperation work between Research Institute of Bogor Agricultural University and Agency for Research and Development of Department of Agriculture, in a research titled "Cropping Diversification and Employment Development, Stage 11". Study area comprised 6 (six) provinces, i.e.: North Sumatera, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. From these provinces, it was sampled 12 districts.This study conclude that lower level of efficiency, productivity and farmer income is significantly related to smaller scale of farmland ownershiplholding, highly fragmented land ownershiplholding, and miscoordinated (sprawl) land utilization pattem. Farmland tends to decrease every year, but fragmentation of land ownersh~plholdingte nds to increase every year. In another way, miscoordinated land utilization pattern tends to expand. Therefore, arrangement of land mershiplholding, consolidation of land, and coordination of landutilization are expected to be one of effective policy instruments in solving current problems of land-based farmingsystem's efficiency and productivity.
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Fløysand, Arnt, Emil Tomson Lindfors, Stig-Erik Jakobsen, and Lars Coenen. "Place-Based Directionality of Innovation: Tasmanian Salmon Farming and Responsible Innovation." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010062.
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The aim of this paper has been to explore, in depth, the place-based conditions enabling and constraining the directionality of responsible innovation in the Tasmanian salmon farming industry, and to discuss how this case can inform the broader literature on directionality of innovations. Theoretically, we argue that the combination of literature on responsible research and innovation (RRI), regional innovation system (RIS) and discourse theory is a useful starting point for addressing innovation as a territorial complex consisting of a material dimension in terms of technologies and resources, an organizational dimension in terms of innovation systems and regulations, and a discursive dimension in terms of narratives in play. When applying the complex to analyze how place-based conditions have enabled and constrained the directionality of responsible innovation in the Tasmanian salmon industry, the case discerns that the directionality of responsible innovation arises from a rather mature and well-organized regional innovation system, which allows multiple stakeholders to articulate their narratives. Under such circumstances, responsible innovation becomes a multidimensional, interactive, and co-created phenomenon consisting of several dilemmas. Still, although the contextualization of responsible innovation is highlighted, our case study acknowledges that certain “universal” characteristics shine through. By this we mean that context sensitivity must not supersede the fact that place-based responsible innovation is always subject to some generic dynamism: under all circumstances there will be a territorial innovation complex at play.
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Damayanti, Maya, Prihadi Nugroho, and Wido Tyas. "Norms in Community-Based Organic Farming." Agriculture 8, no. 12 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8120185.
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In integrated organic farming, smallholder farmers tend to work collectively in a group with the norms that bind their behaviours. This study aims to explore norms among the farmers with the case of organic rice farming in Ketapang Village, Susukan Sub district, Semarang, Indonesia. The study employed the qualitative case study method and applied Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The norms among these farmers included only planting local varieties, using natural pest repellent, jointly cultivating the land, fairness in water distribution and prioritising rice consumption for farming families rather than profiting from the sale of rice products.
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Taranger, Geir Lasse, Ørjan Karlsen, Raymond John Bannister, et al. "Risk assessment of the environmental impact of Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 3 (2014): 997–1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu132.
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Abstract Norwegian aquaculture has grown from its pioneering days in the 1970s to be a major industry. It is primarily based on culturing Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout and has the potential to influence the surrounding environment and wild populations. To evaluate these potential hazards, the Institute of Marine Research initiated a risk assessment of Norwegian salmon farming in 2011. This assessment has been repeated annually since. Here, we describe the background, methods and limitations of the risk assessment for the following hazards: genetic introgression of farmed salmon in wild populations, regulatory effects of salmon lice and viral diseases on wild salmonid populations, local and regional impact of nutrients and organic load. The main findings are as follows: (i) 21 of the 34 wild salmon populations investigated indicated moderate-to-high risk for genetic introgression from farmed escaped salmon. (ii) of 109 stations investigated along the Norwegian coast for salmon lice infection, 27 indicated moderate-to-high likelihood of mortality for salmon smolts while 67 stations indicated moderate-to-high mortality of wild sea trout. (iii) Viral disease outbreaks (pancreas disease, infectious pancreatic necrosis, heart and skeletal muscle inflammation, and cardiomyopathy syndrome) in Norwegian salmon farming suggest extensive release of viruses in many areas. However, screening of wild salmonids revealed low to very low prevalence of the causal viruses. (iv) From ∼500 yearly investigations of local organic loading under fish farms, only 2% of them displayed unacceptable conditions in 2013. The risk of eutrophication and organic load beyond the production area of the farm is considered low. Despite several limitations, especially limited monitoring data, this work represents one of the world’s first risk assessment of aquaculture. This has provided the Norwegian government with the basis upon which to take decisions for further development of the Norwegian aquaculture industry.
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Lekang, Odd-Ivar, Asbjørn Bergheim, and Håkon Dalen. "An integrated wastewater treatment system for land-based fish-farming." Aquacultural Engineering 22, no. 3 (2000): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(00)00039-x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Land based salmon farming"
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Skog, Manfred. "Kvantifiering av näringsflöden i Recirkulerande Akvakultur (RAS) och nätkasseodling av lax (Salmo salar)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149624.
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Aquaculture has been a way to produce fish as a protein source for thousands of years and over the past decades aquaculture has been the fastest expanding animal-based food sector in the world. This study focused on quantifying the flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in Atlantic Salmon farming and compared traditional open net farming with a more recent technique, land based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The aim was to quantify the difference in emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus between the two types of farming and to quantify the amount of nutrients that could be reused from the respective fish farm. Data were obtained from reports, scientific publications and an application for environmental permit (EIA) for the case Smögenlax Aquaculture AB. The same feed input and salmon output were assumed in the two systems and a substance flow analysis was used to quantify the flows of nutrients. The amount of produced salmon and fish feed/year were taken from Smögenlax Aquacultures EIA. The results showed that a RAS-based Salmon farm emits only 6 % of the nitrogen and 5 % of the phosphorus emitted to the recipient waters in comparison to an open net farm. RAS-based salmon farming also enables the reuse of 19 % more nitrogen and 47 % more phosphorus than an open net farm by using sludge and fish offal from the farm to create biogas and biofertilizers. RAS is still evolving to provide possibilities for large scale salmon farms on land to be both cost and environmental efficient and may in the future be the most common way to farm Atlantic Salmon.
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Guillem, Eléonore E. "Human behaviour and ecosystem services in sustainable farming landscapes : an agent-based model of socio-ecological systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8751.
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Agricultural areas represent around 40% of the earth surface and provide a variety of products and services essential to human societies. However, with policy reforms, market liberalisation and climate change issues, continuous land use and cover change (LUCC) brings uncertainty in the quantity and quality of ecosystem services supplied for the future generations. The processes of LUCC have been explored using top-down approaches at global and regional level but more recent methods have focused on agents’ interactions at smaller scale. This approach is better suited to understanding and modelling complex socio-ecological systems, which emerge from individual actions, and therefore for developing tools which improve policy effectiveness. In recent years, there has also been increasing interest in gaining more detailed understanding of the impacts of LUCC on the range of ecosystem services associated with different landscapes and farming practices. The objectives of this thesis are: 1/ to understand and model the internal processes of LUCC at local scale, i.e. farmer behaviour, 2/ to explore heterogeneous farmer decision making and the impacts it has on LUCC and on ecosystem services and 3/ to inform policy makers for improving the effectiveness of land-related policies. This thesis presents an agent-based modelling framework which integrates psycho-social models of heterogeneous farmer decisions and an ecological model of skylark breeding population. The model is applied to the Lunan, a small Scottish arable catchment, and is empirically-grounded using social surveys, i.e. phone interviews and choice-based conjoint experiments. Based on ecological attitudes and farming goals, three main types of farmer agents were generated: profit-oriented, multifunctionalist, traditionalist. The proportion of farmer types found within the survey was used to scale-up respondent results to the agent population, spatially distributed within a GIS-based representation of the catchment. Under three socio-economic scenarios, based on the IPCC-SRES framework, the three types of farmers maximise an utility function, which is disaggregated into economic, environmental and social preferences, and apply the farm strategy (i.e. land uses, management style, agri-environmental measures) that best satisfies them. Each type of agents demonstrates different reactions to market and policy pressures though farmers seem to be constrained by lack of financial opportunities and are therefore unable to fully comply with environmental and social goals. At the landscape level, the impacts on ecosystem services, in particular the skylark local population, depend strongly on policy objectives, which can be antagonist and create trade-offs in the provision of different services, and on farmer socio-environmental values. A set of policy recommendations is offered that encompasses the heterogeneity of farmer decision-making with the aim of meeting sustainable targets. Finally, further improvements of the conceptual and methodological framework are discussed.
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Nielsen, Michael Meinild. "Inferring Land Use from Remote Sensing Imagery : A context-based approach." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103082.
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This doctoral thesis investigates the potential of classification methods based on spatial context to infer specific forms of land use from remote sensing data. The problem is that some types of land use are characterized by a complex configuration of land covers that traditional per-pixel based methods have problems classifying due to spectral heterogeneity. The problem of spectral heterogeneity is also present in classification of high resolution imagery. Two novel methods based on contextual information are evaluated, Spatial Relational Post-Classification (SRPC) and Window Independent Context Segmentation (WICS). The thesis includes six case studies in rural and urban areas focusing on the classification of: agricultural systems, urban characteristics, and dead wood areas. In the rural case studies specific types of agricultural systems associated with different household strategies are mapped by inferring the physical expression of land use using the SRPC method. The urban remote sensing studies demonstrate how the WICS method is able to extract information corresponding to different phases of development. Additionally, different urban classes are shown to correspond to different socioeconomic profiles, demonstrating how urban remote sensing can be used to make a connection between the physical environment and the social lives of residents. Finally, in one study the WICS method is used to successfully classify dead trees from high resolution imagery. Taken together these studies demonstrate how approaches based on spatial context can be used to extract information on land use in rural and urban environments where land use manifests itself in the form of complex spectral class and land cover patterns. The thesis, thus, contributes to the research field by showing that contextual methods can capture multifaceted patterns that can be linked to land use. This, in turn, enables an increased use of remote sensing data, particularly in the social sciences.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Manuscript.
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Devic, Emilie D. P. "Assessing insect-based products as feed ingredients for aquaculture." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24370.
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Research has been actively looking for alternative feed ingredients to reduce the reliance of the aquafeed industry on marine ingredients, namely fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO). In this context, insects, in particular housefly (Musca domestica) and black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae, have been identified as promising candidates. Although a global insect farming industry is emerging, it is for now constrained by regulatory and technical bottlenecks that raise the question ‘where and how insect-based products could be integrated into aquaculture’. The literature indicated a high interspecies variability of the results when replacing FM with insect meals in fish diets and previous work failed to consider the existing challenges related to the insect production to demonstrate commercial relevance and applicability. In this thesis, maggot meals (MM) and frass (insect digestate) were assessed as strategic feed ingredients for two commercially important farmed species: Atlantic salmon, (Salmo salar) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in their relevant contexts. Case studies showed that both housefly and BSF MM are high quality feed ingredients and suitable alternative to FM. Specifically, dietary inclusions of up to 200 g/kg of crude or defatted housefly larvae meal did not compromised the feed digestibility and utilisation and the growth performance and body composition of salmon parr (freshwater stage), compared to a FM-based control diet. Hormone (17α-methyltestosterone) treated diets containing between 250 and 1000 g/kg BSF or housefly meal were found as effective as a commonly used pure hormone-treated FM in sex-reversal process leading to 99.8 to 100% males, high survival and evenness of the fish produced. In a commercial diet for advanced nursing of Nile tilapia fingerlings, up to 80 g/kg BSF meal was included without impairing the fish performance and body composition; dietary inclusion was limited by the lipid content of the crude MM. Finally, BSF frass derived from brewery spent grains or processed food wastes were found more effective when used as soil bio-fertilisers with minimum application rate of 10.0 tonnes/ha or 5.0 tonnes/ha, respectively (for a spring onion culture), rather than supplemental feeds for tilapia farmed in semi-intensive conditions (fertilised pond). The study also indicated that site-specific conditions should be accounted to support appropriate and sustainable use of insect-based products but in any case, juvenile fish should be strategically targeted given their requirements. It is expected that this approach, could support the sustainable intensification of aquaculture and contribute more broadly to food security whilst contributing to the development of a circular economy.
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Quan, Truong Tan. "Transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in Quang Binh Province, Vietnam." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1557.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate how farmers in Quang Bing Province, Vietnam have been making the transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture. This process began in 1986 when the Vietnam economy changed from central planning to a market orientation. The research strategy was based on case study analysis of two communes in each of three agro-ecological zones, defined as coastal, plains and mountains. Within each commune there were six embedded household case studies, i.e 36 in total. Case studies were selected purposively to capture diversity of agro-ecological zones, market access and communications, wealth and income status, and ethnic communities. Households were interviewed twice; first in either late 2006 or early 2007, and again in late 2008. The study was approached using a constructivist paradigm and a lens of livelihood analysis, focusing on resources, institutions, interventions and the dynamics of change. Particular attention was given to the development of markets (inputs, outputs, land, labour and credit) and supply chain factors. Separate measures of commercialisation were constructed based on outputs and inputs, and at the level of both individual activities and the overall household. Investigations were informed by existing theory, but no hypotheses were tested. Instead, the research focused on emergent patterns and insights, and the enrichment and modification of existing theory. A review of literature indicated that the transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in Vietnam was different from other countries on account of the specific combination of low technology agriculture, typical of much of developing Asia, combined with the transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market orientation as occurred in Central and Eastern European countries. At commune level, the key determinants of commercialisation were strong physical connections to markets, with good road access being paramount. Once all weather road access for motorised vehicles was available, then rapid commercialisation occurred. Supply chains typically developed faster for outputs than inputs. New technologies that increased the yield of basic food crops, and facilitated by Government and NGO programs, led to the release of land resources no longer required for meeting food security needs. Households retained their production of food crops that provided food security, and added additional cash earning activities. At the level of individual households, the commercialisation process was led by entrepreneurial families who perceived opportunities relating to profitable activities, and combined this with hard work. Often these opportunities were linked to what they had observed or learnt elsewhere. Once first movers took up a new technology, others observed and followed. There were many enabling factors, such as access to land, access to capital, and access to credit. However, none of these could be considered a determinant, in that the absence of any one factor did not by itself preclude successful commercialisation. Absence of an active male worker was a major constraint to commercialisation, as was lack of necessary crop and livestock skills. There was evidence that income disparities were increasing between the wealthy and the poor. Output commerciality across all households averaged 88 % in 2008 and was higher for wealthy households (95 %) than poor households (83 %). All households still produced their own food crops, but these crops had low market values and hence had a low impact on the output commerciality index. Output commerciality measured in percentage terms obscured that wealthy families had net incomes almost 13 times greater than poor households. A major theoretical insight was that key commercialisation factors are multiple and context dependent. Accordingly, there is a need in any investigation for a holistic approach, based on a livelihood framework that incorporates the complexities associated with the development of markets, as well as giving consideration to the range of interventions and institutional policies that impact on livelihood development.
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Boche, Mathieu. "Contrôle du foncier, agricultures d'entreprise et restructurations agraires : une perspective critique des investissements fonciers à grande échelle : Le cas de la partie centrale du Mozambique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111018/document.
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La demande croissante pour l’alimentation, l’énergie et les ressources naturelles, combinée à la limitation des ressources et à la libéralisation du commerce sont parmi les facteurs ayant entrainé une nouvelle « ruée sur les terres agricoles » observée depuis quelques années. Alors que certains ont exprimé des inquiétudes sur les implications potentielles de ces projets sur les droits et les moyens de subsistance des populations rurales des pays en développement, d’autres ont souligné le potentiel de ces opportunités dans la lutte pour la sécurité alimentaire et le développement rural que constituait ces annonces d’investissements dans un secteur longtemps négligé. Cette thèse interroge la complexité économique, institutionnelle et sociale des investissements fonciers à grande échelle et leur capacité à engendrer des restructurations agraires et un changement du modèle de développement agricole au Mozambique. En raison de leur fort taux d’échec et des difficultés d’implantation des projets, il apparait que les investissements fonciers à grande échelle n’ont pas entrainé une rupture dans les structures agraires locales marquée par un changement des caractéristiques des exploitations majoritairement productrices dans le secteur agricole national. En revanche, l’intérêt des investisseurs étrangers tend à influencer les autorités nationales vers une réactivation du modèle de développement agricole qui prévalait après l’Indépendance, c’est-à-dire un secteur agricole dual avec des agriculteurs familiaux marginalisés d’une part et des exploitations agricoles à grande échelle établies avec des investissements étrangers de l’autre. Ainsi, non seulement la grande majorité des agriculteurs familiaux ne bénéficient pas de la dynamique actuelle de projets d’investissement, mais les politiques agricoles et foncières et les mesures de soutien tendent à se détourner d’eux au profit de la facilitation des investissements à grande échelle. Nos résultats remettent en cause la capacité des projets actuels à enclencher une trajectoire de développement agricole capable de répondre aux défis des économies africainesThe growing demand for food, energy and natural resources, combined with the limited stock of natural resources available and the process of trade liberalization are among the factors that have triggered a new rush for land observed in the last years. Despite an extensive literature, most analyses of large scale land based investment are politically and ideologically anchored, reflecting strong opposing stances. On one hand, some have expressed some concerns on the potential implications of these projects on peasants’ land rights and livelihood. On the other hand, some other researchers have argued that these projects should be seen as opportunities in the struggle for food security and rural development. This thesis questions the economic, social and institutional complexity of large scale land based investment including their differentiated evolutionary dynamics and implications in terms of agricultural development and agrarian change in Mozambique. Because of a high failure rate and difficulties to establish the production structures, it appears that large scale land based investments haven’t led to a shift from small scale farming to large scale farming as the main farming organization in Mozambique. However, the rising interest of foreign investors tend to influence national authorities in rehabilitating the post-Independence agricultural development model, which was characterized by a dual system composed of marginalized subsistence farmers on one hand and foreign owned large scale farms. So, not only do smallholders benefit little from present agricultural investment dynamics, but also agricultural policies and support measures tend to shift away from the former towards the facilitation of large-scale investment. Our results questions the capacity of actual large scale land based investments to trigger a trajectory of agricultural development able to meet African economies challenges
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O'Brien, Patricia Ann, and patricia o'brien@rmit edu au. "COncepts and costs for the maintenance of productive capacity: a study of the measurement and reporting of soil quality." RMIT University. Accounting and Law, 1999. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20040930.170346.
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This thesis studies the role accounting plays in the monitoring and reporting of soil quality in one sector of the agricultural industry, broadacre farming. A survey was conducted with broadacre farmers in the Loddon Catchment, Victoria, Australia. The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness accounting plays in providing information to decision makers relative to the productive capacity in soil quality and not just on profits. The capital asset in this study was defined as soil quality. Soils and soil quality in particular, are major elements in determining land value. The concern is decisions are being made by potential buyers and other decision makers, particularly policy makers, with regards to soil quality on the basis of incomplete and often misleading information. It is proposed that a major reason is due to the fact that different participants in the agricultural and accounting industries require and use different information. The accounting systems used by farmers are those that have been developed for the manufacturing sector which may not be appropriate for managing long-term, complex resources such as soil. The farmers themselves did not find formal accounting reports useful for decision making because these reports are based on uniform standards and market prices. The topic of soil quality and land degradation is viewed from two perspectives. In one perspective, the proprietary view; the accounting emphasis is on the ownership of assets and the change, both in income and capital, in these assets over time. In this case the accounting equation is seen as assets - liabilities = equities. The proprietor takes all the risk. A more recent perspective in accounting, the entity view, emphasises the assets whether financed from equity or debt and where the accounting equation is seen as assets = equities. The emphasis changes to the income flow from these assets and more interest is shown in current market prices as a reflection of the future value of these assets Profit is not necessarily a good indicator of what farmers are doing for their capital asset. There needs to be greater emphasis on costs undertaken for the conservation of soil. Those costs should be considered an investment and put into the balance sheet and not the profit and loss statement. The major finding of study demonstrates that decision making groups have different
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Brevik, Roy Schjølberg. "Land-based salmon farming : an assessment of the nearshoring potential of emerging countries in Europe." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26933.
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Atlantic salmon is the highest valued species in the European aquaculture sector with a production value of almost four billion euros in 2014. The species requires a special farming environment for optimal growth and only a few countries have the right water conditions to farm salmon in the ocean. One of them is Norway, who over the last years has experienced problems with sea lice and escapes of salmon in the traditional “open sea cage” farming method. Thus, several players have started to investigate the opportunities for relocating salmon farming to cages on land. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyze what emerging country in Europe that is most optimal for Norwegian salmon farmers to nearshore land-based salmon farming. Emerging countries in Europe are usually attractive for nearshoring because of geographical proximity, low labor costs and access to highly talented-and skilled labor. The study was supported by secondary research and interviews with industry experts where the MCDM technique SMART were used to evaluate all the emerging countries based on the findings. According to the SMART analysis, Russia is the most optimal country for nearshoring land-based salmon farming, a country that is currently experiencing a boom in the domestic aquaculture sector after the ban on import of seafood in 2014.O salmão do Atlântico é a espécie de maior valor no setor aquícola europeu, com um valor de produção de quase quatro bilhões de euros em 2014. A espécie requer um ambiente agrícola especial para um crescimento ótimo e apenas alguns países têm condições de água corretas para cultivar salmão no oceano . Uma delas é a Noruega, que nos últimos anos experimentou problemas com piolhos do mar e escapes de salmão no tradicional método de cultivo "gaiola em mar aberto". Assim, vários atores começaram a investigar as oportunidades de realocar a criação de salmão para gaiolas em terra. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar qual é o país emergente na Europa que é melhor para os produtores de salmão noruegueses para o cultivo de salmão em terra. Os países emergentes na Europa são geralmente atraentes para o nearshoring devido à proximidade geográfica, baixos custos de mão-de-obra e acesso a mão-de-obra altamente qualificada e qualificada. O estudo foi apoiado por pesquisas secundárias e entrevistas com especialistas do setor, onde a técnica MCDM SMART foi usada para avaliar todos os países emergentes com base nos resultados. De acordo com a análise da SMART, a Rússia é o país mais ideal para o nearshoring de cultivo de salmão em terra, um país que está experimentando atualmente um boom no setor de aqüicultura doméstica após a proibição de importação de frutos do mar em 2014.
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Walker, Thomas Hilding Valstad. "Incumbent behaviour and disruptive innovation in the Norwegian Aquaculture Industry." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31209.
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Since the early days of salmon farming, it has only been possible to cultivate Atlantic salmon at
particular locations. Salmon farming requires certain specific ecological conditions such as water
temperatures between 0-20 °C and the flow of currents to let the salmon roam freely. (MOWI,
2019).These conditions usually occur in waters with the protection of fjords and archipelagos and are
generally found in parts of the northern or southern hemisphere (MOWI, 2019). The combined
coastline of mainland Norway with its various islands stretches over 102 936 km across the northern
hemisphere. Fulfilling necessary conditions, Norway has established itself as the biggest producer of
salmon in the world (Kartverket [Norwegian Mapping Authority], 19; Hoel & IBM, 2018). Therefore,
the Norwegian coastline possesses a significant competitive advantage. However, advances in landbased
aquaculture technology could disrupt the industry and render this competitive advantage less
relevant.
This study investigates what strategic actions are being taken by the Norwegian Aquaculture Industry
(NAI) with regards to Land-Based Salmon farming (LBSF) and seeks to understand how incumbents
view LBSF. The working hypothesis posits that LBSF is a potentially disruptive technology and that
the industry has fallen victim to The Innovator's Dilemma (TID).
The findings in this dissertation demonstrate that risk averse behaviour as Christensen (1997) pointed
out, can stymie corporate strategy and this appears to be true for decision makers in the NAI. The
findings further indicate that the incumbents in the NAI will only make strategic moves when LSBSF
have validated and scaled their methods of production. LSBSF may not need an urgent response in
the short term, but it is a development that needs to be closely monitored by incumbent firms.Desde os primeiros dias da pecuária de salmão em cativeiro, só tem sido possível cultivar salmão Atlântico em localizações específicas. A pecuária de salmão em cativeiro requere certas condições ecológicas específicas, tal como temperatura da água entre os 0 e os 20ºC, e o fluxo de corrente para que os salmões nadem livremente (MOWI, 2019). Estas condições normalmente verificam-se em águas protegidas por fjords e arquipélagos e são geralmente encontradas em partes do hemisfério norte ou sul (MOWI, 2019). A linha costeira da Noruega com as suas várias ilhas alonga-se por mais de 102 936 km no hemisfério norte. Cumprindo com as condições necessárias, a Noruega estabeleceuse como o maior produtor de salmão no mundo (Kartverket [Norwegian Mapping Authority], 19; Hoel & IBM, 2018). Por isso, a linha costeira norueguesa possui uma significativa vantagem competitiva. No entanto, avanços na tecnologia de aquacultura terrestre podem perturbar a indústria e tornar esta vantagem competitiva menos relevante. Este estudo investiga que ações estratégicas estão a ser tomadas pela Indústria Norueguesa de Aquacultura (NAI) em relação à Pecuária Terrestre de Salmão (LBSF), e procura entender como é que as empresas incumbentes veem a LBSF. A hipótese de trabalho propõe que a LBSF é uma tecnologia potencialmente disruptiva e que a indústria é vítima do Dilema do Inovador (TID). As descobertas desta dissertação demonstram que o comportamento de aversão ao risco como o Christensen (1997) indicou, pode entravar a estratégia corporativa e isto parece ser verdade para decisores na NAI. As descobertas indicam ainda que as incumbentes na NAI apenas farão decisões estratégicas quando a LBSF tiver validado e escalado os seus métodos de produção. A LSBSF pode não precisar de uma resposta urgente no curto-prazo, mas é um desenvolvimento que precisa de ser monitorizado de perto pelas empresas incumbentes.
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Klaas, Ntombifikile Elizabeth. "The role of culture and gender in the spread of HIV and AIDS and strategies for the reduction of HIV and AIDS among farm workers in South Africa." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23590.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic has proven to be a health care challenge from the perspective of testing and treatment, including how to create sustainable positive prevention, prevention after becoming HIV positive, that is culturally relevant and gender sensitive. South Africa has been severely affected by the HIV and AIDS epidemic and the agricultural sector is no exception. This statement is supported by the findings of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) study.
According to an IOM study, the HIV prevalence rate among farm workers in the country is about 40%, the highest ever recorded in Southern Africa. A study conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga farms revealed that the prevalence of the twenty-three farms was 39, 5% which is twice the UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS) national prevalence percentage of 18, 1% in South Africa. The researchers of this study could not pin-point a single factor causing this high rate of HIV infection on these farms. A multitude of factors, such as multiple and concurrent partnerships, transactional sex, irregular condom use, presence of sexually transmitted infections and sexual violence. The research also showed that almost half of the women working on farms around these provinces are HIV positive, compared to only a third of the male workforce.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the role of culture and gender in the spread of HIV and AIDS among farm workers in South Africa; with the view of developing culture and gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies. descriptive and explorative qualitative approach was adopted. In depth individual semi-structured interviews were used to explore and describe the role of culture and gender in the spread of HIV and AIDS among farm workers. Purposive and convenient sampling methods were used to select participants who met the inclusion criteria in the Tshitwani and Barota farming community in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Religious and cultural beliefs were believed to be fuelling the spread of HIV among farm workers. Multiple sexual partners and inconsistent condom usage was common among participants. It was evident that stigma and social isolation leading to non- disclosure had adverse repercussions as some participants stated that they would spread HIV intentionally. Powerlessness and lack of decision-making by female farm workers was common as they were dependent on their male partners to make decisions regarding sexual matters in their relationship.
Conclusion: More HIV prevention programmes tailored to dispel fears about stigma and correct myths about HIV-transmission should reach ordinary men and women in order to curb the spread of HIV among farm workers. The researcher believes that the strategies that emanate from this study would be applied in other settings other than the farming community.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
Books on the topic "Land based salmon farming"
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Egan, Brian Denis. Financial analysis of salmon farming in coastal British Columbia: A computer-based model approach. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1989.
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Levin, John-Eric M. Land-based polyculture of marine macroalgae and Pacific salmon. 1990.
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Levin, John-Eric M. Land-based polyculture of marine macroalgae and Pacific salmon. 1990.
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Thomas, Edgar. Economics of Small Holdings: A Study Based on a Survey of Small Scale Farming in Carmarthenshire. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2015.
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Moosapanah, G. Reza. Land-based polyculture of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Manila clams, Tapes japonica (Deshyes); and red macroalgae, Palmaria mollis. 1996.
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Moosapanah, G. Reza. Land-based polyculture of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Manila clams, Tapes japonica (Deshyes); and red macroalgae, Palmaria mollis. 1996.
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Tarlau, Rebecca. Occupying Schools, Occupying Land. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870324.001.0001.
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Contrary to the conventional belief that social movements cannot engage the state without becoming co-opted and demobilized, this study shows how movements can advance their struggles by strategically working with, in, through, and outside of state institutions. The success of Brazil’s Landless Workers Movement (MST) in occupying land, winning land rights, and developing alternative economic enterprises for over a million landless workers has made it an inspiration for progressive organizations globally. The MST’s educational initiatives, which are less well known but equally as important, teach students about participatory democracy, collective work, agroecological farming, and other practices that support its socialist vision. This study details how MST activists have pressured municipalities, states, and the federal government to implement their educational proposal in public schools and universities, affecting hundreds of thousands of students. Based on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork, Occupying Schools, Occupying Land documents the potentials, constraints, failures, and contradictions of the MST’s educational struggle. A major lesson is that participating in the contentious co-governance of public education can help movements recruit new activists, diversify their membership, increase practical and technical knowledge, and garner political power. Activists are most effective when combining disruption, persuasion, negotiation, and co-governance into their tactical repertoires. Through expansive leadership development, the MST implemented its educational program in local schools, even under conservative governments. Such gains demonstrate the potential of schools as sites for activists to prefigure, enact, and develop the social and economic practices they hope to use in the future.
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Lindenmayer, David, Damian Michael, Mason Crane, et al. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486303113.
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An increasing number of Australians want to be assured that the food and fibre being produced on this continent have been grown and harvested in an ecologically sustainable way. Ecologically sustainable farming conserves the array of species that are integral to key ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal, natural pest control and the decomposition of waste.
Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes communicates new scientific information about best practice ways to integrate conservation and agriculture in the temperate eucalypt woodland belt of eastern Australia. It is based on the large body of scientific literature in this field, as well as long-term studies at 790 permanent sites on over 290 farms extending throughout Victoria, New South Wales and south-east Queensland.
Richly illustrated, with chapters on birds, mammals, reptiles, invertebrates and plants, this book illustrates how management interventions can promote nature conservation and what practices have the greatest benefit for biodiversity. Together the new insights in this book inform whole-of-farm planning.
Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes is an ideal resource for land managers and farmers interested in integrating farming and environmental values and anyone interested in biodiversity in woodlands and agricultural zones.
Recipient of a 2017 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Conservation in Action
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Norton, Tony. Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production. Edited by Ted Lefroy, Kay Bailey, and Greg Unwin. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643096219.
Full textAbstract:
Australia’s experience in community-based environmental repair is unique in the world, with no shortage of analysis by bureaucrats, academics and environmentalists. This collection of 17 case studies gives a view from ground level. It includes heroic accounts of families who changed their way of farming and their relationship to the land so significantly they found they could stop hand-feeding stock during a drought and see the bush coming back. It describes the experience with ‘bush tenders’, which were oversubscribed, as farmers competed with each other for stewardship payments to manage their grazing lands for endangered ground-nesting birds as well as beef and wool. And it tells of a group of wheat growers who plant patches of grassland for beneficial insects that save them tens of thousands of dollars a year in pesticide bills.
The case studies arose from a meeting of 250 farmers, foresters and fishers from all Australian states, who met in Launceston as guests of the community group Tamar Natural Resource Management to reflect on the question: ‘Is it possible to be good environmental managers and prosper in our businesses?’ As well as tales of environmental hope, there are also messages about the limits of duty of care, the need to share the costs of achieving society’s expectations, and the possibility of learning from unlikely places. Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production includes the seven ‘Tamar Principles’, distilled by the delegates from the meeting for those on the front line.
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Wangui, Edna. Adaptation to Current and Future Climate in Pastoral Communities Across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.604.
Full textAbstract:
Pastoralists around the world are exposed to climate change and increasing climate variability. Various downscaled regional climate models in Africa support community reports of rising temperatures as well as changes in the seasonality of rainfall and drought. In addition to climate, pastoralists have faced a second exposure to unsupportive policy environments. Dating back to the colonial period, a lack of knowledge about pastoralism and a systemic marginalization of pastoral communities influenced the size and nature of government investments in pastoral lands. National governments prioritized farming communities and failed to pay adequate attention to drylands and pastoral communities. The limited government interventions that occurred were often inconsistent with contemporary realities of pastoralism and pastoral communities. These included attempts at sedentarization and modernization, and in other ways changing the priorities and practices of pastoral communities.The survival of pastoral communities in Africa in the context of this double exposure has been a focus for scholars, development practitioners, as well as national governments in recent years. Scholars initially drew attention to pastoralists’ drought-coping strategies, and later examined the multiple ways in which pastoralists manage risk and exploit unpredictability. It has been learned that pastoralists are rational land managers whose experience with variable climate has equipped them with the skills needed for adaptation. Pastoralists follow several identifiable adaptation paths, including diversification and modification of their herds and herding strategies; adoption of livelihood activities that did not previously play a permanent role; and a conscious decision to train the next generation for nonpastoral livelihoods. Ongoing government interventions around climate change still prioritize cropping over herding. Sometimes, such nationally supported adaptation plans can undermine community-based adaptation practices, autonomously evolving within pastoral communities. Successful adaptation hinges on recognition of the value of autonomous adaptation and careful integration of such adaptation with national plans.
Book chapters on the topic "Land based salmon farming"
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Sandvold, Hilde Ness, Jay Sterling Gregg, and Dorothy Sutherland Olsen. "New pathways for organic waste in land-based farming of salmon." In From Waste to Value. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429460289-8.
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Mbandi, Josephine, and Michael Kisangari. "Data Collection Using Wireless Sensor Networks and Online Visualization for Kitui, Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_151.
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AbstractKenya is a developing country with a population of 47,213,282 people this comprises of 56% low-income earners. Small businesses and crop production represent 23% of the income within the country, which is at risk as soils become less productive. Various factors have led to this, climate change and land overuse being leading causes. Without adaptation, the rural to urban migration will continue to increase.Through Internet of Things (IoT) and specifically wireless sensor networks, we can change how we obtain and consume information. Small-scale farmers can collect data and in exchange receive useful information about their soils, temperature, humidity, and moisture content hence make better choices during crop production. Connected end devices bring in data, which is currently sparse in relation to small-scale farming. IoT will enable analysis and informed decision-making including crop selection, support equipment, fertilizers, irrigation, and harvesting. The cloud-based analysis will provide information useful for policy making and improvement.This chapter presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) in mesh topography using XBee communication module, communication, and raspberry pi, combined with a cloud-based data storage and analysis. We successfully set up a proof of concept to test a sensor node that sends information to a RPi and onto an online visualization platform.
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Nthambi, Mary, and Uche Dickson Ijioma. "Retracing Economic Impact of Climate Change Disasters in Africa: Case Study of Drought Episodes and Adaptation in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_66.
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AbstractValuation studies have shown that drought occurrences have more severe economic impact compared to other natural disasters such as floods. In Kenya, drought has presented complex negative effects on farming communities. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the economic impacts of drought and identify appropriate climate change adaptation measures in Kenya. To achieve this objective, an empirical approach, combined with secondary data mined from World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal and FAOSTAT databases, has been used in three main steps. First, historical links between population size and land degradation, temperature and rainfall changes with drought events were established. Second, economic impacts of drought on selected economic indicators such as quantities of staple food crop, average food value production, number of undernourished people, gross domestic product, agriculture value added growth, and renewable water resources per annum in Kenya were evaluated. Third, different climate change adaptation measures among farmers in Makueni county were identified using focused group discussions and in-depth interviews, for which the use of bottom-up approach was used to elicit responses. Findings from the binary logistic regression model show a statistical relationship between drought events and a selected set of economic indicators. More specifically, drought events have led to increased use of pesticides, reduced access to credit for agriculture and the annual growth of gross domestic product. One of the main recommendations of this chapter is to involve farmers in designing and implementing community-based climate change adaptation measures, with support from other relevant stakeholders.
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Manzi, Hilda, and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango. "Agro-ecological Lower Midland Zones IV and V in Kenya Using GIS and Remote Sensing for Climate-Smart Crop Management." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_35-1.
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AbstractFood production in Kenya and Africa in recent past has experienced vagaries of weather fluctuations which ultimately have affected crop yield. Farming in Kenya is localized in specific Agro-ecological zones, hence understanding crop growth responses in particular regions is crucial in planning and management for purposes of accelerating adoption. A number of strategies for adoption and adaptation to changing weather patterns have been deployed yet only limited challenges have been partially addressed or managed. This chapter examines previous methods used in classifying agro-ecological zones and further provides additional insightful parameters that can be adopted to enable farmers understand and adapt better to the current variable and unpredictable cropping seasons. The chapter scrutinizes past and current documented information on agro-ecological zonal valuations coupled with the use of earth observation components such as air temperature at surface, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, soil, temperature, and soil and moisture content in order to better understand and effectively respond to new phenomena occurring as a result of climate change in the marginal agricultural areas. Significant variations in precipitation, ambient temperature, soil moisture content, and soil temperature become evident when earth observation data are used in evaluation of agro-ecological lower midland zones IV and V. The said variations cut across areas within the agro-ecological zones that have been allocated similar characteristics when assigning cropping seasons. The chapter summarizes the outcomes of various streams of contributions that have reported significant shifts or changes in rainfall and temperature patterns across Kenya and wider Eastern Africa region. The chapter highlights the need for re-evaluation of the agro-ecological zones based on the recent earth observation datasets in their diversity. The research emphasizes the use of multiple climate and soil-related parameters in understanding climate change in the other marginal areas of Kenya.
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Manzi, Hilda, and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango. "Agro-ecological Lower Midland Zones IV and V in Kenya Using GIS and Remote Sensing for Climate-Smart Crop Management." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_35.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFood production in Kenya and Africa in recent past has experienced vagaries of weather fluctuations which ultimately have affected crop yield. Farming in Kenya is localized in specific Agro-ecological zones, hence understanding crop growth responses in particular regions is crucial in planning and management for purposes of accelerating adoption. A number of strategies for adoption and adaptation to changing weather patterns have been deployed yet only limited challenges have been partially addressed or managed. This chapter examines previous methods used in classifying agro-ecological zones and further provides additional insightful parameters that can be adopted to enable farmers understand and adapt better to the current variable and unpredictable cropping seasons. The chapter scrutinizes past and current documented information on agro-ecological zonal valuations coupled with the use of earth observation components such as air temperature at surface, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, soil, temperature, and soil and moisture content in order to better understand and effectively respond to new phenomena occurring as a result of climate change in the marginal agricultural areas. Significant variations in precipitation, ambient temperature, soil moisture content, and soil temperature become evident when earth observation data are used in evaluation of agro-ecological lower midland zones IV and V. The said variations cut across areas within the agro-ecological zones that have been allocated similar characteristics when assigning cropping seasons. The chapter summarizes the outcomes of various streams of contributions that have reported significant shifts or changes in rainfall and temperature patterns across Kenya and wider Eastern Africa region. The chapter highlights the need for re-evaluation of the agro-ecological zones based on the recent earth observation datasets in their diversity. The research emphasizes the use of multiple climate and soil-related parameters in understanding climate change in the other marginal areas of Kenya.
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Godtland, K., A. Berg, and K. Maroni. "Security analysis for land based salmon farms." In Fish Farming Technology. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077770-80.
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Blakstad, F. "The economic aspects of land based versus ocean based Atlantic salmon farming." In Fish Farming Technology. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077770-66.
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Rivera, Patricia, José Gallardo, Cristian Araneda, and Anti Vasemägi. "Sexual Maturation in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): A Review." In Salmon Aquaculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99471.
Full textAbstract:
The sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is a multifactorial process in which fish acquire somatic characteristics to reproduce. In salmon farming has been described a high variability in the trait age at maturation derived from wild reproductive strategies. Early maturation is a phenotype that generates serious economic repercussions on both, sea cage and on land-based aquaculture systems. In view of the challenges of this problem for the global salmon farming industry, it is essential to thoroughly understand the influencing factors of early and late maturation to find efficient alternatives for managing the phenomenon. This review briefly describes sexual maturation in S. salar, its variability in cultures, and the factors influencing the maturation age trait at the physiological, genetic and environmental levels. The control of early maturity through changes to the natural photoperiod and through the use of genetic markers are discussed.
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Adoff, G. R., T. Andersson, R. Engelsen, and R. Kvalsund. "Land-based farm for ongrowing of halibut." In Fish Farming Technology. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077770-55.
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"Enclosing the Fisheries: People, Places, and Power." In Enclosing the Fisheries: People, Places, and Power, edited by Crisca Bierwert. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874059.ch9.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—This paper situates the claims of the Stó:lō Nation, a First Nation of British Columbia, in the context of conflicts over the conservation and allocation of salmon. I address two major contestations and discuss how concepts of privatization permeate both. The first contestation is between aboriginal and nonaboriginal fishers, a conflict with a high degree of racialized tension. In this conflict, the Stó:lō have obtained recognition to participate in the commercial fishery of British Columbia as a community, holding a communal fishing license. Their community quota represents a new kind of thinking in fish conservation and allocation, a variation on a trend toward individual quota allocations that has developed in recent years, a trend called privatization. The second contestation pits salmon farming against fishing, with farming positioned as a solution to market demands and economic uncertainties, a new and powerful form of privatization. In this contestation, culture wars do not concern race, ethnicity, or historic links to land. They involve a variety of new discourses that discuss the character of salmon and construct salmon as a product to be desired more than a resource to be sustained. The paper concludes that the Stó:lō model of a community quota may stand as a beacon for rethinking and renegotiating salmon fisheries in the region. At the same time, new cultural constructions may need to emerge that make salmon fishers more visible to consumers, lest the current marketing images of salmon obscure the economic and ecological threats to salmon as a resource.
Conference papers on the topic "Land based salmon farming"
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Gansel, Lars, Thomas A. McClimans, and Dag Myrhaug. "Average Flow Inside and Around Fish Cages With and Without Fouling in a Uniform Flow." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20481.
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The average flow field inside and around the bottom of porous cylinders in a uniform flow is explored using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Tests were conducted on six cylinders with porosities of 0%, 30%, 60%, 75%, 82% and 90% in a flume tank where the flow field inside and around the models is time averaged over 180 seconds. The models had a height-to-diameter ratio of 3 and were made from metal mesh. The Reynolds numbers ranged from 5,000 to 20,000 based on the diameter of the models and from 75 to 300 based on the diameter of individual strands of the mesh, which corresponds to the Reynolds numbers occurring at salmon fish cage netting used along the Norwegian coast. The porosities of 82%, 75% and 60% correspond to those of a fish cage netting in Norwegian Salmon farming with no, light and heavy biofouling, respectively. The results from this study are discussed with respect to the instantaneous flow field in and around the same cylinders at identical Reynolds numbers. The focus is on the effect of porosity on the ventilation inside the cages and the vertical transports within the near wake. It is shown that heavy fouling of aquacultural nettings can lead to internal circulation inside fish cages and therefore has the potential to reduce the ventilation of the net pens dramatically. The description of the time-averaged flow field inside and around porous cylinders can be used as benchmarks to validate and adjust numerical models of the flow past porous cylinders. The results from this study can be valuable also for the fish farming industry, as bio-fouling and the reduced porosity of fish cages can be monitored and controlled directly by fish farmers.
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Thomassen, Paul E., and Bernt J. Leira. "Assessment of Fatigue Damage of Floating Fish Cages Due to Wave Induced Response." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79674.
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Floating fish cages provide the main production utilities for salmon farming. However, despite their pivotal role in production safety as well as in protection of the environment, there is still much room for improvement in relation to verified structural design procedures and computerized tools for structural analysis. To a large extent they can be regarded as not being in accordance with the state-of-the-art of structural analysis and design for more traditional types of marine structures. In this paper a study of fatigue design for floating fish farms is presented. The study is based on a structure which is being applied by the Norwegian fish farming industry today. The floater is made of steel cylinders which are configured as a square. The formulation for the wave loading is based on a combination of potential theory and horizontal drag forces on the floater. Horizontal and vertical drag forces on the netpen are also accounted for. A fatigue design procedure for floating fish farms in steel is suggested. The procedure is based on a time domain analysis of the structure in irregular waves. For each seastate half an hour (real time) analysis is performed and the stress history for an assumed critical location is computed. Based on the stress histories, the fatigue damage is estimated by application of rain flow counting and a given SN curve. The scatter diagram for the seastates at a given location is generated from the associated wind speed distribution.
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Naglis-Liepa, Kaspars, Dzidra Kreismane, Laima Berzina, Olga Frolova, and Elita Aplocina. "Integrated farming: the way to sustainable agriculture in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.003.
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Agricultural production is currently at a crossroads due to the need to balance the requirements of climate, biodiversity, air quality, and access to food health, farmers' incomes and economic conditions. These demands are often controversial, and the goals of policy makers are contradictory. Sustainability in agriculture needs to be put into practice. The concept of sustainable agriculture is based on agro-ecology and a system approach and aims to promote sustainable, resilient, cost-effective and stable farming systems. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature and the current situation, the paper authors have concluded that a logical path to sustainability is integrated agriculture. It is a whole farm management system that allows farmers to identify opportunities and threats and act accordingly, while also taking into account the interests of consumers in their business. The paper aims to outline the role of integrated agriculture in the development of sustainable agriculture based on the analysis of the relevant scientific literature and the current situation. Integrated management is the knowledge-based management of all available resources integrated farms are able to provide climate benefits, provide more diverse (especially pasture) land management, farm animals have a higher quality of life and survival.
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Tsvyatkova, Daniela. "HEREDITARY FARMING: A SYNERGY PANEL IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.280.
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The use of the potential of the land and the natural resources of the new generations in the separate regions are the main prerequisite and basis for the development of a certain type of multifunctional agriculture. The process of continuity should be seen as a process and not as a one-off action or event. The aim of the study is to analyze the process of inheritance in agriculture, as a socio-economic method for ensuring the viability of rural areas. The analysis is based on empirical evidence - cases from family farms and young heirs in rural areas of Bulgaria. The transfer of farm management to the next generation must be organized. Otherwise, the alternative is clear: resettlement from rural areas, a rapidly aging population and insufficient young people to enter the sector. Recognizing the importance of continuity, the Common Agricultural Policy provides training and funding to encourage young people to engage in agricultural activities.
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Gansel, Lars C., Thomas A. McClimans, and Dag Myrhaug. "Flow Around the Free Bottom of Fish Cages in a Uniform Flow With and Without Fouling." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79355.
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This paper explores the flow around fish cages in a uniform flow with the focus on the flow patterns close to the bottom of the models. Towing tests were conducted with six straight cylinders with the prosities 0%, 30%, 75%, 82% and 90%, two cylinders with an inclination of 12.5 degrees and the porosities 0% and 75% and two cylinders with an inclination of 25 degrees and the porosities 0% and 75%. The models all had a height-to-diameter ratio of 3 and were made from metal mesh. The Reynolds number was 5000 based on the diameter of the models and from 15 to 300 based on the diameter of individual strings of the mesh for all tests. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), a non-intrusive optical technique, was used to analyze the flow around the models in the plane of symmetry through the center of the cylinders. The porosities of 82%, 75% and 60% correspond to those of a clean fish cage netting in Norwegian Salmon farming with no fouling, light fouling and heavy fouling, respectively. The inclinations of 12.5 degrees and 25 degrees reflect the inclination of the net of a commercial fish cage in a slow and a fast current, respectively. The Reynolds number of the strings was within the range of Reynolds numbers occurring on fish cages along the Norwegian coast. The results from this study are discussed with respect to the flow around and through the same models at identical Reynolds numbers. It is shown that the inclination of the net cage and fouling of the netting have major effects on the flow pattern around fish cage. The flow around and through net cages defines the water exchange within fish cages and the distribution patterns of particles and nutrients released from a net-pen. The information provided in this study can be valuable for the fish farming industry, as the decrease of the porosity due to fouling, as well as the deformation of the netting of fish cages, can be controlled by fish farmers.
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Thomassen, Paul E., and Bernt J. Leira. "A Prototype Tool for Analysis and Design of Floating Fish Cages." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67383.
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Floating fish cages are the main means of production in the multi billion euro salmon farming industry. Despite its pivotal role in production safety, protection of values, as well as in protection of the environment, neither verified structural design procedures nor computer tools for structural analysis and design have received much attention. To a large extent they can be regarded as not being in accordance with the current state-of-the-art of structural analysis and design of slender marine structures. A momentum to move towards a more scientific based design approach has been created by the requirements of the recently introduced Norwegian certification criteria and the accompanying design code NS 9415. A prototype for analysis and design of floating fish cages has been developed and is described herein. The tool is based on an object-oriented framework for general FE analysis. The framework has among other things been developed with ease of extensibility for the software developer in mind. The prototype is thus intended for iterative extension of the functionality. In the first development iteration, described here, the FE framework has been extended, with hydrodynamic load models and a user interface for analysis of floating fish farms. The development of the prototype shows that by building on an object oriented FE framework, specialized and focused applications for aquaculture can be developed with limited effort. As an example analysis — and a possible benchmark — a simplistic model of a steel frame is chosen. Comparison of results obtained with different load formulations indicated that the buoyancy load was more important than the hydrodynamic load.
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Novikov, N. N., S. V. Mitrofanov, N. N. Grachev, M. M. Varfolomeeva, and M. E. Denisova. "PROBLEMS OF AGROECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND PLOTS FOR THEIR SUITABILITY FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND DETOXIFICATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES AND HEAVY METALS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.547-550.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the analysis of statistical yearbooks "state of contamination of soils and objects of the natural environment of the Russian Federation with pesticides and toxicants of industrial origin", analysis of the incidence of workers and the population from exposure to residual pesticides and heavy metals, the need to assess soil contamination for organic farming purposes in accordance with the requirements of article 9 of the Federal law of 03.08.2018 No. 280-FZ "on organic products and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation"is justified. For evaluation, a digital technology is proposed in the management of environmental safety and labor protection in agriculture, developed by scientists of the ITOSH-branch of the FGBNU FNAC VIM. It is proposed to solve the problems of detoxification of soils contaminated with heavy metals and residual pesticides identified during the assessment using the available domestic and foreign experience by various methods: physical, physical-chemical, and biological.
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Forgacs, Csaba. "In what direction is agricultural specialization headed in Central and Eastern Europe? (2005-2016)." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.005.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countries’ (CEECs, EU10) agriculture after the EU’s Eastward Enlargement. We analyse and compare growth and productivity advantages of specialized farm types by physical size (in hectare) in EU10 member-states to the EU10/27/15 average based on EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2016. We focus on exploring the main directions of specialization using such indicators as the number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labour (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) use on the input side, average farm size by land and labour use as well as area-, labour-, and total productivity on the output side. We conclude that the directions of specialization in farming in EU10 were based on the traditional farm production structure making the latter better able to adjust and take advantages of Common Agricultural Policy. Concerning production growth rate, the three leading specialization types of CEECs’ farms were: (i) cattle rearing and fattening, (ii) cereals, oilseed and protein crops and (iii) fruits and citrus fruits. These three specialization types of farms – in the same ranking order - also increased land (UAA) and labour (AWU) use well above the average. Specialized cereals farms and cattle rearing and fattening farms were also ranked in top three by number. Both cereals and fruits specialized farms have leading position in growth rate of land and labour use and also are in top three in growth rate of land area and total farm productivity. Cereals and fruits specialized farms also more than doubled labour productivity during the first decade after the EU’s Eastward enlargement but did not rank in the top three in this category.
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LADYCHENKO, Kateryna, and Anna METELSKA. "INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR UKRAINIAN FARMS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.237.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to explore the current situation and services efficiency level of problems of Institutional framework of government support for Ukrainian farms. Nowadays, the agrarian sector of the economy shows a positive dynamics of growth, forming in recent years about 14% of gross value added in the country and about 40% of foreign exchange earnings on exports in Ukraine. This article aims to examine, through content analysis and statistical description, the importance of the agrarian sector in the national economy and its role in ensuring the country's food security requires the sustainability and effectiveness of its development based by experiences of USA and Europe practices. Therefore, the study examined the development of farming and service cooperatives are the necessary actions of the state, aimed at ensuring that a person working on the ground can earn enough money to be interested in continuing the work on his own land. Research data were collected from State Statistics Service of Ukraine, World Economic Forum and The European Statistical System. Research results showed that creating new jobs in the countryside are taxes to local budgets, and the development of rural areas, and the slowdown of urbanization, the reduction of the rate of extinction of the Ukrainian village. Such economic results, supplemented by the solution of other problems that farmers say, will obviously be better prepared for the opening of the land market in the future.
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Larson, Eric D., and Christopher I. Marrison. "Economic Scales for First-Generation Biomass-Gasifier/Gas Turbine Combined Cycles Fueled From Energy Plantations." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-540.
Full textAbstract:
This paper assesses the scales at which commercial, first-generation biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine combined cycle (BIG/GTCC) technology are likely to be most economic when fueled by plantation-derived biomass. First-generation BIG/GTCC systems are likely to be commercially offered by vendors beginning around 2000 and will be based on either pressurized or atmospheric-pressure gasification. Both plant configurations are considered here, with estimates of capital and operating costs drawn from published and other sources. Prospective costs of a farm-grown energy crop (switchgrass) delivered to a power plant are developed with the aid of a geographic information system (GIS) for agricultural regions in the North Central and Southeast US in the year 2000 and 2020. A simplified approach is applied to estimate the cost of delivering chipped eucalyptus from an existing plantation in Northeast Brazil. The “optimum” capacity (MWopt), defined as that which yields the minimum calculated cost of electricity (COEm), varies by geographic region due to differences in delivered biomass costs. With pressurized BIG/GTCC plants, MWopt is in the range of 230–320 MWs for the sites considered, assuming most of the land around the power plant is farmed for energy crop production. For atmospheric-pressure BIG/GTCC plants, MWopt ranges from 110 to 142 MWe. When a lower fraction of the land around a plant is used for energy farming, values for MWopt are smaller than these. In all cases, the cost of electricity is relatively insensitive to plant capacity over a wide range around MWopt.
Reports on the topic "Land based salmon farming"
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Enhancing Livelihoods Fund: Final report. Oxfam, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7253.
Full textAbstract:
Over a quarter of the world’s population makes a living farming and working on small areas of land. These smallholder farmers contribute significantly to global food supply chains, but despite this make up a large proportion of the world’s poorest people, with many living on less than $2 a day. Between 2015 and 2020, Oxfam, Unilever and the Ford Foundation worked in close partnership on a joint initiative, the Enhancing Livelihoods Fund (ELF). The fund’s main objective was to improve the livelihoods of smallholders linked to Unilever’s extended value chains. It focused in particular on women, innovative pilots and learning. This report highlights key results and lessons learned. It is intended for NGOs, companies and donors who have an interest in improving smallholder-based value chains, especially through multi-stakeholder partnerships between NGOs and the private sector.