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Journal articles on the topic 'Land based salmon farming'
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Bjørndal, Trond, and Amalie Tusvik. "Economic analysis of land based farming of salmon." Aquaculture Economics & Management 23, no. 4 (September 12, 2019): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2019.1654558.
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McEwan, Gregor F., Maya L. Groner, Danielle L. Burnett, Mark D. Fast, and Crawford W. Revie. "Managing aquatic parasites for reduced drug resistance: lessons from the land." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 125 (December 2016): 20160830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0830.
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Atlantic salmon farming is one of the largest aquaculture industries in the world. A major problem in salmon farms is the sea louse ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis , which can cause stress, secondary infection and sometimes mortality in the salmon host. Sea lice have substantial impacts on farm economics and potentially nearby wild salmonid populations. The most common method of controlling sea louse infestations is application of chemicals. However, most farming regions worldwide have observed resistance to the small set of treatment chemicals that are available. Despite this, there has been little investigation of treatment strategies for managing resistance in aquaculture. In this article, we compare four archetypical treatment strategies inspired by agriculture, where the topic has a rich history of study, and add a fifth strategy common in aquaculture. We use an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate these strategies and their varying applications of chemicals over time and space. We analyse the ABM output to compare how the strategies perform in controlling louse abundance, number of treatments required and levels of resistance in the sea louse population. Our results indicated that among the approaches considered applying chemicals in combination was the most effective over the long term.
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Heaney, S. I., R. H. Foy, G. J. A. Kennedy, W. W. Crozier, and W. C. K. O' Connor. "Impacts of agriculture on aquatic systems: lessons learnt and new unknowns in Northern Ireland." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 1 (2001): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00055.
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Agriculture in Northern Ireland depends on grass-based production, but since 1980, expansion of output has been effectively constrained by production limits set by the European Union agricultural policy. Despite this, long-term monitoring over several decades has shown significant degradation of water quality in Lough Neagh, with persistent high biomass of blue-green algae. Similar long-term studies have revealed a marked decline in the freshwater survival of salmon in the nearby River Bush. These changes may be related and reflect the impact of farming on water quality and salmonid production. Regular sampling of the inflowing rivers to Lough Neagh has shown that continued increase in lake phosphorus concentration has been primarily due to an increase in the soluble reactive phosphorus loading from agricultural diffuse sources. Similar diffuse inputs of agriculturally derived nutrients to the River Bush, leading to increased plant growth together with the accumulation of fine sediment in salmon spawning redds, are considered to be important in the decline of freshwater survival of salmon from egg to smolt. The impact of farming practices on lakes and rivers is considered in relation to understanding of the complex and interacting factors that link land use to water quality.
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Jónasson, J., and T. Gjedrem. "Genetic correlation for body weight of Atlantic salmon grilse between fish in sea ranching and land-based farming." Aquaculture 157, no. 3-4 (November 1997): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00060-4.
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Liu, Yajie, Trond W. Rosten, Kristian Henriksen, Erik Skontorp Hognes, Steve Summerfelt, and Brian Vinci. "Comparative economic performance and carbon footprint of two farming models for producing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Land-based closed containment system in freshwater and open net pen in seawater." Aquacultural Engineering 71 (March 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.01.001.
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Saefulhakim, R. Sunsun, Dyah Retno Panuju, and Lutfi I. Nasoetion. "An Analysis on Performance of Land-Based Farming System." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2001): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.2.2.32-39.
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Efficiency and productivity are important terms in understanding performance of farming system. Landbased farming system is generally efficient and productive, if it operates in a certain range of land holding scale. This study assumed that efficiency and productivity are related to farmland holding scale, land fragmentation, and cropping diversification. In land based farming system, land ownershiplholding scale and fragmentation and cropping diversification are assumed to have specific correlation.This study was conducted under a cooperation work between Research Institute of Bogor Agricultural University and Agency for Research and Development of Department of Agriculture, in a research titled "Cropping Diversification and Employment Development, Stage 11". Study area comprised 6 (six) provinces, i.e.: North Sumatera, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. From these provinces, it was sampled 12 districts.This study conclude that lower level of efficiency, productivity and farmer income is significantly related to smaller scale of farmland ownershiplholding, highly fragmented land ownershiplholding, and miscoordinated (sprawl) land utilization pattem. Farmland tends to decrease every year, but fragmentation of land ownersh~plholdingte nds to increase every year. In another way, miscoordinated land utilization pattern tends to expand. Therefore, arrangement of land mershiplholding, consolidation of land, and coordination of landutilization are expected to be one of effective policy instruments in solving current problems of land-based farmingsystem's efficiency and productivity.
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Fløysand, Arnt, Emil Tomson Lindfors, Stig-Erik Jakobsen, and Lars Coenen. "Place-Based Directionality of Innovation: Tasmanian Salmon Farming and Responsible Innovation." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010062.
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The aim of this paper has been to explore, in depth, the place-based conditions enabling and constraining the directionality of responsible innovation in the Tasmanian salmon farming industry, and to discuss how this case can inform the broader literature on directionality of innovations. Theoretically, we argue that the combination of literature on responsible research and innovation (RRI), regional innovation system (RIS) and discourse theory is a useful starting point for addressing innovation as a territorial complex consisting of a material dimension in terms of technologies and resources, an organizational dimension in terms of innovation systems and regulations, and a discursive dimension in terms of narratives in play. When applying the complex to analyze how place-based conditions have enabled and constrained the directionality of responsible innovation in the Tasmanian salmon industry, the case discerns that the directionality of responsible innovation arises from a rather mature and well-organized regional innovation system, which allows multiple stakeholders to articulate their narratives. Under such circumstances, responsible innovation becomes a multidimensional, interactive, and co-created phenomenon consisting of several dilemmas. Still, although the contextualization of responsible innovation is highlighted, our case study acknowledges that certain “universal” characteristics shine through. By this we mean that context sensitivity must not supersede the fact that place-based responsible innovation is always subject to some generic dynamism: under all circumstances there will be a territorial innovation complex at play.
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Damayanti, Maya, Prihadi Nugroho, and Wido Tyas. "Norms in Community-Based Organic Farming." Agriculture 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8120185.
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In integrated organic farming, smallholder farmers tend to work collectively in a group with the norms that bind their behaviours. This study aims to explore norms among the farmers with the case of organic rice farming in Ketapang Village, Susukan Sub district, Semarang, Indonesia. The study employed the qualitative case study method and applied Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The norms among these farmers included only planting local varieties, using natural pest repellent, jointly cultivating the land, fairness in water distribution and prioritising rice consumption for farming families rather than profiting from the sale of rice products.
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Taranger, Geir Lasse, Ørjan Karlsen, Raymond John Bannister, Kevin Alan Glover, Vivian Husa, Egil Karlsbakk, Bjørn Olav Kvamme, et al. "Risk assessment of the environmental impact of Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 997–1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu132.
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Abstract Norwegian aquaculture has grown from its pioneering days in the 1970s to be a major industry. It is primarily based on culturing Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout and has the potential to influence the surrounding environment and wild populations. To evaluate these potential hazards, the Institute of Marine Research initiated a risk assessment of Norwegian salmon farming in 2011. This assessment has been repeated annually since. Here, we describe the background, methods and limitations of the risk assessment for the following hazards: genetic introgression of farmed salmon in wild populations, regulatory effects of salmon lice and viral diseases on wild salmonid populations, local and regional impact of nutrients and organic load. The main findings are as follows: (i) 21 of the 34 wild salmon populations investigated indicated moderate-to-high risk for genetic introgression from farmed escaped salmon. (ii) of 109 stations investigated along the Norwegian coast for salmon lice infection, 27 indicated moderate-to-high likelihood of mortality for salmon smolts while 67 stations indicated moderate-to-high mortality of wild sea trout. (iii) Viral disease outbreaks (pancreas disease, infectious pancreatic necrosis, heart and skeletal muscle inflammation, and cardiomyopathy syndrome) in Norwegian salmon farming suggest extensive release of viruses in many areas. However, screening of wild salmonids revealed low to very low prevalence of the causal viruses. (iv) From ∼500 yearly investigations of local organic loading under fish farms, only 2% of them displayed unacceptable conditions in 2013. The risk of eutrophication and organic load beyond the production area of the farm is considered low. Despite several limitations, especially limited monitoring data, this work represents one of the world’s first risk assessment of aquaculture. This has provided the Norwegian government with the basis upon which to take decisions for further development of the Norwegian aquaculture industry.
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Lekang, Odd-Ivar, Asbjørn Bergheim, and Håkon Dalen. "An integrated wastewater treatment system for land-based fish-farming." Aquacultural Engineering 22, no. 3 (June 2000): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(00)00039-x.
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Hindar, Kjetil, Ian A. Fleming, Philip McGinnity, and Ola Diserud. "Genetic and ecological effects of salmon farming on wild salmon: modelling from experimental results." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 7 (January 1, 2006): 1234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.025.
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Abstract Cultured salmonids are released or escape into the wild in large numbers and may make up significant proportions of wild salmonid populations in fresh- and saltwater, causing considerable concern for the fitness and productivity of these populations. This paper focuses on the effects of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) on wild salmon. Farmed salmon have been under artificial selection for growth and other economically important traits for 30 years and are genetically different in their origin at the molecular and quantitative genetic levels. Escaped farmed salmon spawn in the wild with limited success. Their offspring outgrow those of wild origin but suffer higher mortality. Whole-river experiments in Ireland and Norway have shown that the lifetime success of farmed salmon is reduced relative to wild salmon. Based on data from these experiments, we model the future of wild salmon populations experiencing invasions of escaped farmed salmon. Simulations with a fixed intrusion rate of 20% escaped farmed salmon at spawning suggest that substantial changes take place in wild salmon populations within ten salmon generations (∼40 years). Low-invasion scenarios suggest that farmed offspring are unlikely to become established in the population, whereas high-invasion scenarios suggest that populations are eventually mixtures of hybrid and farmed descendants. Recovery of the wild population is not likely under all circumstances, even after many decades without further intrusion. Managers of wild salmon will have difficulty in obtaining broodstock of the original wild population after a few generations of high intrusion. We conclude that further measures to reduce escapes of farmed salmon and their spawning in wild populations are urgently needed.
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Varaprasad, Kokila. "Smart Gardening using IOT based Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35269.
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Agriculture plays a vital role in the country’s development. More than 72 percent of humans in our country rely on agriculture, accounting for one-third of those who invest in farming. As a result, the obstacles and concerns are numerous.Concerns over agriculture must be prioritised in order to maintain control over the country’s evolution.Agriculture plays a vital role in the country’s development. More than 72 million people live in our country.To govern the country’s evolution, the challenges and difficulties related to agriculture must be addressed.The only recommended remedy to this problem is to reintroduce farming using organic methods.To govern the country’s evolution,the challenges and difficulties related to agriculture must be addressed.The only recommended remedy to this problem is to reintroduce farming using organic methods.technologies that are smart Nowadays, there is adequate land to grow greater yields, but smaller yields, such as leafy vegetables and related yields, lack sufficient land, which can be overcome by Nurseries and Gardens.technologies that are smart Nowadays, there is enough land to grow greater yields, but small yields such as green vegetables and related yields do not have enough land, and this obstructs the production of higher yields.Fertilization is one of the ways used in agriculture to maintain crop stock by supplying needed water to the soil. Watering methods necessitate a significant amount of time and work in cultivation. A sensor-based watering system that is fully automated Fertilization is one of the ways used in agriculture to maintain crop stock by supplying needed water to the soil. Watering methods require a significant amount of time and work. A sensor-based watering system that is fully automated gives a viable option for completing a farming project. This undertakingA sensor-based automated irrigation system in smart agriculture is the subject of a large study.gives a viable option for completing a farming project. This undertaking provides a thorough examination of the irrigation system in smart agriculture.
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HOFSTETTER, P., H. J. FREY, C. GAZZARIN, U. WYSS, and P. KUNZ. "Dairy farming: indoor v. pasture-based feeding." Journal of Agricultural Science 152, no. 6 (April 8, 2014): 994–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000227.
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SUMMARYThe current situation of volatile milk prices and rising costs of, e.g. grain and labour, suggests that it is worth studying productivity and efficiency in dairy farming. The objective of the current whole-system study, carried out in lowland Central Switzerland from 2007 to 2010, was to compare the performance, efficiency, land productivity and profitability of indoor-feeding (IF) dairy production with that of pasture-based feeding (PF) dairy production. An IF herd consisting of 11 Holstein–Friesian (HF) and 13 Brown Swiss (BS) cows was kept in a free-stall barn and fed a part-mixed ration (PMR) of maize silage, grass silage and protein concentrate. The cows were allocated 15·8 ha of agricultural land (AL). In the PMR, an average per lactation of 443 kg protein concentrate and 651 kg compound feed was fed by a concentrate dispenser according to the requirements of each cow. The PF herd comprised 14 Swiss Fleckvieh (SF) and 14 BS cows, which were kept in a free-stall barn throughout the winter; barn-ventilated hay was offered ad libitum during the lactation period. This herd was allocated 15·7 ha of AL. After calving in spring, the PF cows grazed on semi-continuous pastures; they consumed an average of 285 kg of concentrate per lactation. The IF cows of the BS breed produced significantly more energy-corrected milk (ECM) per standard lactation compared with PF cows (8750 v. 5610 kg), more milk fat (350 v. 213 kg) and more milk protein (306 v. 203 kg). However, the milk of PF cows had higher levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (1·9 v. 0·6 g/100 g fat) and ω−3 fatty acids (1·7 v. 0·9 g/100 g fat) than the milk of the IF cows. The calving interval (378 v. 405 days) and the empty time (87 v. 118 days) of the BS breed were significantly shorter in the PF in comparison with that of the IF production system. The IF herd yielded significantly higher ECM/ha AL and year (12 716 v. 10 307 kg), and showed a higher feed efficiency (1·3 v. 1·1 kg ECM/kg of total dry matter intake (DMI)). The productivity per hour was roughly similar in the two systems (IF: 76 v. PF: 73 kg milk/h). The PF system resulted in higher labour income compared with the IF system (20·7 v. 13·4 €/h), but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, land productivity and efficiency were higher with the IF herd than the PF herd due to the higher energy intake per kg feed. However, within the given conditions, the more interesting case, economically, might be the reduced costs and improved milk quality of the PF system rather than the increased milk yield of the IF cows.
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Jin, Tao, Candi Ge, Hui Gao, Hongcheng Zhang, and Xiaolong Sun. "Evaluation and Screening of Co-Culture Farming Models in Rice Field Based on Food Productivity." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062173.
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Traditional farming practice of rice field co-culture is a time-tested example of sustainable agriculture, which increases food productivity of arable land with few adverse environmental impacts. However, the small-scale farming practice needs to be adjusted for modern agricultural production. Screening of rice field co-culture farming models is important in deciding the suitable model for industry-wide promotion. In this study, we aim to find the optimal rice field co-culture farming models for large-scale application, based on the notion of food productivity. We used experimental data from the Jiangsu Province of China and applied food-equivalent unit and arable-land-equivalent unit methods to examine applicable protocols for large-scale promotion of rice field co-culture farming models. Results indicate that the rice-loach and rice-catfish models achieve the highest food productivity; the rice-duck model increases the rice yield, while the rice-turtle and rice-crayfish models generate extra economic profits. Simultaneously considering economic benefits, staple food security, and regional food output, we recommend the rice-duck, rice-crayfish, and rice-catfish models. Simulating provincial promotion of the above three models, we conclude that food output increases from all three recommended models, as well as the land production capacity. The rice-catfish co-culture model has the most substantial food productivity. None of the three models threatens staple food security, as they do not compete for land resources with rice cultivation.
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Shevchenko, M. V., Y. M. Havryliuk, and O. V. O.V. Romanov. "The problem of rural geoculture based on the modern development of agriculture." Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokychaiev. The series “Crop production, selection and seed production, fruit and vegetable growing” 2020, no. 1-2 (March 12, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35550/visnykagro2020.01-02.009.
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During the period of intensification of agriculture and a change in the complex of conditions affecting the level of production, an acute issue is the attitude to land as the main means of production. Considering the natural characteristics of this means, a dilemma is arising in defining it as an object or subject of activity. The presented article provides an analytical overview of the problem of modern agrarian relations associated with the imperfection of farming systems and the organization of agricultural production. In the context of geocultural understanding, the status of the land is determined, which goes beyond the exclusively economic problem of the village, acquires a deep ideological, anthropological nature. Taking into account the conflicting opinions of famous thinkers and naturalists, it has been established that the geocultural paradigm of rural development should become an alternative to the village as a subject of the goal of activity. At the same time, the land is not an object and means of production, but a subjectively reliable way of managing, respectively, the spiritual foundations of the culture of the Ukrainian people. Land as a geocultural subject cannot be a commodity and an object of sale and purchase, in contrast to land plots, which can become land due to the geocultural mode of management. For the effective use of land plots and an increase in the level of production while saving the environment, it is necessary to implement the principles of the development and implementation of adaptive farming systems. Key words: land, agriculture, geoculture, rural population, farming.
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Badiola, Maddi, Irene Gartzia, Oihane C. Basurko, and Diego Mendiola. "Land-based growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and consumers’ acceptance." Aquaculture Research 48, no. 9 (March 10, 2017): 4666–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.13289.
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Emmanuel, Shomefun Tobi, Awosope Claudius O. A., and Ebenezer O. Diagi. "Microcontroller-based Vertical Farming Automation System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2046-2053.
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Food is a basic necessity of life. It is the means by which man is nourished and strengthened to carry out his daily activities. The need for food for the upkeep of man has placed agriculture at the helm of man’s affairs on earth. With a rapidly increasing population on earth, man has invented newer and innovative ways to cultivate crops. This cultivation is mainly concentrated in rural areas of countries around the world; but with the massive urbanization happening in the world today; it is becoming increasingly difficult to have enough agricultural produce that will cater for the massive population. Taking Nigeria as a case study, the increased urbanization has placed a massive demand on land, energy and water resources within urban areas of the country. Majority of the food consumed in the urban areas is cultivated in the rural areas. This system however requires longer transportation times from rural areas to urban areas which lead to contamination and spoilage in many instances. This research paper provides a solution in which food crops can be cultivated easily in urban areas by planting in vertically stacked layers in order to save space and use minimal energy and water for irrigation.
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Novales Flamarique, Iñigo, Christina Gulbransen, Moira Galbraith, and Dario Stucchi. "Monitoring and potential control of sea lice using an LED-based light trap." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 8 (August 2009): 1371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-094.
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Sea lice are ectoparasitic copepods that threaten salmon farming aquaculture and the viability of wild salmon populations. To control infestations on farmed salmon, several chemotherapeutants have been developed, but these are invasive (often causing fish stress and loss in production), costly, may induce parasite resistance over time, and their impact on the environment is a major social concern. Here, we show that a light-emitting diode (LED)-based light trap can be used to monitor sea lice presence on fish and in the water. The performance of the light trap was tested in experimental tanks and in the ocean. Plankton net tows were also performed to compare catches with those from light traps. The light trap caught ~70% of salmon lice larval stages loaded onto a tank and ~24% of the adults. It also acted as a delousing agent by removing ~8% of adult salmon lice infective on Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) smolts in tank experiments. In the ocean, the light trap caught 21 sea lice (10 Lepeophtheirus salmonis and 11 Caligus clemensi ), comprising free-swimming and attached stages, while plankton net tows failed to capture any. We conclude that light traps constitute an effective, noninvasive, environmentally friendly method to monitor sea lice.
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Qu, Yi, Xiao Lyu, Wenlong Peng, and Zongfei Xin. "How to Evaluate the Green Utilization Efficiency of Cultivated Land in a Farming Household? A Case Study of Shandong Province, China." Land 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080789.
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The behavior of farming households is the most direct factor involved in the transition of cultivated land utilization from high-input/high-output to green and sustainable utilization mode. Improving farming households’ green utilization efficiency of cultivated land (GUECL) is of great significance in facilitating agricultural green development in China. However, there are few studies on GUECL based on the micro-perspective of farming households that cover the comprehensive benefits to the economy, ecology, and society. This paper builds a theoretical analysis framework of farming households’ green utilization of cultivated land and uses the super-efficiency EBM model and a questionnaire to conduct an empirical analysis of 952 farming households in Shandong Province to evaluate the green utilization efficiency of cultivated land. The results show that the GUECL of the farming households is generally not high, with an average value of 0.67, and can be further improved. The higher the GUECL, the lower the input and undesired output per unit yield and per unit output value. Tobit regression results show that a farming household’s per capita income is significantly positively correlated with the GUECL, while agricultural insurance, agricultural subsidies, cultivated land scale, cultivated land fragmentation, and regional economic level are significantly negatively correlated with the GUECL. In addition, recommendations can be made on promoting and innovating agricultural green development technology, popularizing and publicizing farming households’ thoughts on the green utilization of cultivated land, and ensuring and improving rural green life so as to provide a reference for promoting green transition of cultivated land utilization with diversified coordination and multiple measures.
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Kim, Yun-Soo, Hyung-Suk Lim, and Jae-Woo Park. "Comparison of Land Farming and Chemical Oxidation based on Environmental Footprint Analysis." Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7857/jsge.2015.20.3.007.
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Dorjsuren, A., B. Batsaikhan, B. Gansukh, C. Jamsran, E. Nasanbat, and O. Bold. "DELINEATION OF SUITABLE CROPLAND AREAS USING A GIS BASED MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION APPROACH IN THE CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL REGION OF MONGOLIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 22, 2020): 1445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1445-2020.
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Abstract. The central agricultural region, a typically main agricultural zone of Mongolia. The area has undergone rapid agricultural land-use changes including land reclamation and cropland abandonment in the last decades due to growing population and food demand, climatic variability, and land-use policy. The utilization of the land is often unmatched with the inherent suitability of the land. Identification of the spatial distribution of suitable areas for cropland is essential for sustainable land-use recommendation. The objective of this study to delineate the areas suitable for cropland in the central agricultural region using a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation of biophysical factors and multi-sensor data. We used 47 metrological station data of 10 years including temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation with topographic, soil property, landscape, and natural region map. The results indicate a suitable location and extent of crop farming areas at different suitability levels. The results can be used to identify priority areas for crop farming and sustainable land-use management.
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Atmaja, T., M. Yanagihara, and K. Fukushi. "GEOSPATIAL VALUATION OF URBAN FARMING IN IMPROVING CITIES RESILIENCE: A CASE OF MALANG CITY, INDONESIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (August 24, 2020): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-107-2020.
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Abstract. Urban farming is recently acknowledged as a strategy with various services in improving cities resilience but facing cons such as land competition and rapid urbanization. The study attempts to inventory available areas for urban farming implementation and estimate the total values with case study in Malang city, Indonesia. The study divided urban farming into five forms i.e. nursery, allotment, residential, institutional and rooftop farming based on its characteristics. Land inventory has been done by estimating existing and potential areas. Existing area was manually delineated by Field Area Measure App through field visit and visualized by ArcGIS. Potential area was identified through geospatial assessment considering land use and land cover map provided by the Government of Indonesia and parcel zoning based on Guideline of Urban Farming development and literatures. The study employed Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Market Price Method to estimate total values of urban farming. Currently there is 1.38 ha of urban farming which is equal to 0.01 % of city’s area distributed in 21 plots and 211.46 ha potential area or equal to 1.92 % of city’s area. Urban farming has services for amount of US$ 28.68 m−2 yr−1, specifically 22.86, 3.60, 0.80, 1.10 and 0.34 US$ m−2 yr−1 in terms of provisioning food; income generation; recreation and community building; education and learning; and maintenance urban comfort, respectively. If existing and potential area used for urban farming, then it could contribute to US$ 395,095.68 annually for existing and potentially up to US$ 60,646,800.35 annually for entire city.
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Palash, Md Salauddin, and Siegfried Bauer. "Diversification of Farmland use in Bangladesh: Land Allocation Impacts on Farm Profitability." Open Agriculture 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2017-0018.
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Abstract Smallholder farmers in Bangladesh face many difficulties. A trend towards fish farming has opened new opportunities in recent years. This research focuses on the concern, whether smallholders could improve their gross margins by improving the allocation of the available physical and non-physical resources. Combinations of the participatory, qualitative and quantitative methods were used for primary data collection. A linear programming based modelling approach shows that farmers can increase the farm gross margin by reallocating the land in the model solution. Essential requirements, e.g. determined by household consumption requirements, determine parts of the resource allocation. The remaining land is in tendency allocated to fish farming; where one specific fish farming alternative is dominant to others. In the scenario analysis, all farming groups keep the same proportion of land use pattern until a certain level of price change, beyond that crop farming is selected. Scenarios modifying the available fish feed show the significant sensitivity of this resource on the land allocation.
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DeGange, Anthony R., and Robert H. Day. "Mortality of Seabirds in the Japanese Land-Based Gillnet Fishery for Salmon." Condor 93, no. 2 (May 1991): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368940.
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Andesikuteb, YA, WW Musa, LV Ezra, MT Obasi, RG Rogers, and YT Mohammed. "Analysis of Land use and Land cover Characteristics of Kanke, Pankshin, and Langtang Local Government Areas, Plateau State, Nigeria." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 3a (November 15, 2020): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.153.
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This study assessed landuse and landcover changes and how they affect the agrarian production in Kanke, Pankshin and Langtang North Local Government Areas of plateau state, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey design. The primary data was obtained through field observations, interview of stakeholders, satellite (landsat8 and shuttle radar terrain mission) and questionnaire administration which asked questions on socioeconomic status of respondents, constraints to farmers and the respondents’ perception on the existing adaptation strategies in place. ArcGIS10.6version software was employed for the classification of land cover types while supervised classification method was adopted using maximum likelihood algorithm for the classification of feature types. Data generated by Landsat8 and ArcGIS10.6 version software were subjected to Pan-Sharpening processing for clarity of terrain features. The study findings revealed that 66.13% of the earth’s surface in the study area is covered by rock outcrops while water body; one of man’s most precious resources occupied less than 1% (0.15%). The distribution of farmers based on constraints to farming indicated that poor soils and small farm land sizes constituted the most severe challenges to farming activities in the study area. As an adaptation strategy to inadequate farm lands, terrace farming practice and dry season farming, large scale quarrying activities is recommended to serve as a source of employment and income to authorities and a means of surface leveling to convert the dominant rock outcrops to productive land and prioritizing farming in the limited plains.
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Pratama, Isnu Putra, Haryo Winarso, Delik Hudalah, and Ibnu Syabri. "Extended Urbanization through Capital Centralization: Contract Farming in Palm Oil-Based Agroindustrialization." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810044.
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The discussion on extended urbanization considers accumulation by dispossession as a key apparatus for instilling urban logic into predominantly rural areas. This paper contends that extended urbanization can also be produced without physical dispossession of community land. This is illustrated by the case study of Sei Mangkei, an emerging palm oil agroindustrial district in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Capitalist industries prefer monetization through contract farming rather than privatization as an instrument to capture the productivity of palm oil smallholder land. The people who serve as smallholders in the palm oil industry are not victims of land appropriation. Moreover, this situation was also triggered by an opportunity for maximizing the socio-economic welfare of smallholders. However, the limited options to access other economic activities when the commodity crisis occurred was a consequence that smallholders were not aware of in the past. Thus, we assert that extended urbanization was (re)produced through the articulation of socio-economic and cultural practices of smallholders on a local-scale with regard to the dynamics of the broader process of global industrialization.
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Rivas, Jose, Jose Luis Baquedano, Roberto Valledor, Gabriel Jerez, Pablo Albistur, and Andres Donoso-Bravo. "CFD-based simulation assessment of an artificial upwelling antibloom system for a salmon farming site." Aquacultural Engineering 95 (November 2021): 102182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2021.102182.
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Raditya, Reza, Putri Suci Asriani, and Sriyoto. "ANALISIS KOMPARASI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH PENGGUNA BENIH BERSERTIFIKAT DAN BENIH NON SERTIFIKAT DI KELURAHAN KEMUMU KECAMATAN ARMA JAYA." Jurnal AGRISEP 3, no. 2 (September 14, 2015): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.14.2.177-188.
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This research purposse are to calculate and compare the productivity of land, income, and efficiency between paddy farming using certified seed and paddy farming which uses non-certified seed. The research was conductedin the village of Kemumu with a total sample of 15 farmers certified seed specified users using census method and 22 non-certified seed user farmers were determined using purposive sampling method. Methods of data analysis using quantitative analysis and qualitative (descriptive). The analysis showed that the average productivity of the land (5,112 Ton/Ha), average income (Rp 16.501.384,77/Ha), and the average efficiency (3,91) forpaddy farming using certified seed. While the average productivity of the land (3,918 Ton/Ha), the average income (Rp 10.951.035,29/Ha), and the average efficiency (3.24) for paddy farming which uses non-certified seed. Based onthe results ofthe analysis, itcan be concluded that certified seed is better than non-certified seed both in terms of land productivity, income, and efficiency. Key words: certified and non certified seeds, productivity of land, income, efficiency
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Swain, Braja Bandhu. "Determinant in Intensity of Farmers’ Participation in Contract Farming." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 6, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 170–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024918766585.
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This article examines the intensity of farmers’ participation in contract farming by estimating the allocation of land and family labour for the contract and non-contract crops. In addition, factors that influence farmers’ decision to allocate land for the contract crop was identified. The analysis of this article is based on 159 households of Telangana state. The empirical results indicated that farmer is likely to employ proportionately more family labour for contract crop compared to non-contract ones. Small farmers proportionately allocate more land and family labour for the contract crop compared to large ones. Landholding size, education and income have influenced farmers’ decision to allocate land for growing gherkin, while it is landholding size, family size and income in case of hybrid paddy seed. To increase participation of small farmers, focus should be given to improve the education level and increase the landholding size through implementation of proper land policy.
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Min, Shi, Jikun Huang, and Hermann Waibel. "Rubber specialization vs crop diversification: the roles of perceived risks." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-07-2016-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of farmers’ risk perceptions regarding rubber farming on their land use choices, including rubber specialization and crop diversification. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey data of some 600 smallholder rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna in Southwest China is employed. This paper develops a general conceptual framework that incorporates a subjective risk item into a model of farmers’ land use choices, thereby developing four econometric models to estimate the role of risk perceptions, and applies instrumental variables to control for the endogeneity of risk perceptions. Findings The results demonstrate that risk perceptions play an important role in smallholders’ decision-making regarding land use strategies to address potential risks in rubber farming. Smallholders with higher risk perceptions specialize in rubber farming less often and are more likely to diversify their land use, thereby contributing to local environmental conservation in terms of agrobiodiversity. The land use choices of smallholder rubber farmers are also associated with ethnicity, household wealth, off-farm employment, land tenure status, altitude and rubber farming experience. Originality/value This study contributes to a better understanding of the implications of farmers’ risk perceptions and shows entry points for improving the sustainability of rubber-based land use systems.
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Aldrin, M., T. M. Lyngstad, A. B. Kristoffersen, B. Storvik, Ø. Borgan, and P. A. Jansen. "Modelling the spread of infectious salmon anaemia among salmon farms based on seaway distances between farms and genetic relationships between infectious salmon anaemia virus isolates." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 62 (February 16, 2011): 1346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0737.
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Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an important infectious disease in Atlantic salmon farming causing recurrent epidemic outbreaks worldwide. The focus of this paper is on tracing the spread of ISA among Norwegian salmon farms. To trace transmission pathways for the ISA virus (ISAV), we use phylogenetic relationships between virus isolates in combination with space–time data on disease occurrences. The rate of ISA infection of salmon farms is modelled stochastically, where seaway distances between farms and genetic distances between ISAV isolates from infected farms play prominent roles. The model was fitted to data covering all cohorts of farmed salmon and the history of all farms with ISA between 2003 and summer 2009. Both seaway and genetic distances were significantly associated with the rate of ISA infection. The fitted model predicts that the risk of infection from a neighbourhood infectious farm decreases with increasing seaway distance between the two farms. Furthermore, for a given infected farm with a given ISAV genotype, the source of infection is significantly more likely to be ISAV of a small genetic distance than of moderate or large genetic distances. Nearly half of the farms with ISA in the investigated period are predicted to have been infected by an infectious farm in their neighbourhood, whereas the remaining half of the infected farms had unknown sources. For many of the neighbourhood infected farms, it was possible to point out one or a few infectious farms as the most probable sources of infection. This makes it possible to map probable infection pathways.
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Wahyunto, Wahyunto, Sofyan Ritung, Wahyu Wahdini, and Fahmuddin Agus. "ALTERNATIVE TREE CROPS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE POST-TSUNAMI IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF ACEH BARAT DISTRICT." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.1-11.
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Tree farming such as coconut, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and rambutan was dominant in the west coast of Aceh prior to tsunami. The farming is not only important for sustainable livelihood, but also for superior environmental protection. During the tsunami, considerable portion of this ‘green infrastructure’ was devastated. Therefore, a scientifically based land suitability evaluation is needed for supporting the redesign and reconstruction of the tree-based farming. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current physical condition of the area and develop recommendation of land suitability for tree crops farming in the area. Field survey for inventory and evaluation of land characteristics was conducted in 2006, 15 months after the tsunami. Land suitability evaluation was conducted by matching field survey data and soil sample analyses in every mapping unit with crop growth requirements. The land suitability map was further matched with the district development plan, existing land uses and land status. The resulted land use recommendation map showed that the marine ecosystem along the coastal line was most suitable for coconut, cacao, coffee, and casuarinas. The recommended tree crops for the ancient sandy beach were areca nut, coconut, rambutan, mango, rubber and oil palm; and for the alluvial ecosystem were coconut, cacao, areca nut, mango, and bread fruit. Peatland of less than 3 m thick was marginally suitable for oil palm and rubber, while those thicker than 3 m were recommended for conservation due to its fragile ecosystem. In the undulating tectonic plain, the suitable tree crops were rubber, oil palm, coconut, and rambutan.
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Wahyunto, Wahyunto, Sofyan Ritung, Wahyu Wahdini, and Fahmuddin Agus. "ALTERNATIVE TREE CROPS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE POST-TSUNAMI IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF ACEH BARAT DISTRICT." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.p1-11.
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Tree farming such as coconut, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and rambutan was dominant in the west coast of Aceh prior to tsunami. The farming is not only important for sustainable livelihood, but also for superior environmental protection. During the tsunami, considerable portion of this ‘green infrastructure’ was devastated. Therefore, a scientifically based land suitability evaluation is needed for supporting the redesign and reconstruction of the tree-based farming. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current physical condition of the area and develop recommendation of land suitability for tree crops farming in the area. Field survey for inventory and evaluation of land characteristics was conducted in 2006, 15 months after the tsunami. Land suitability evaluation was conducted by matching field survey data and soil sample analyses in every mapping unit with crop growth requirements. The land suitability map was further matched with the district development plan, existing land uses and land status. The resulted land use recommendation map showed that the marine ecosystem along the coastal line was most suitable for coconut, cacao, coffee, and casuarinas. The recommended tree crops for the ancient sandy beach were areca nut, coconut, rambutan, mango, rubber and oil palm; and for the alluvial ecosystem were coconut, cacao, areca nut, mango, and bread fruit. Peatland of less than 3 m thick was marginally suitable for oil palm and rubber, while those thicker than 3 m were recommended for conservation due to its fragile ecosystem. In the undulating tectonic plain, the suitable tree crops were rubber, oil palm, coconut, and rambutan.
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Zuo, Yonghong, Ling Ma, Hailong Cai, Tianlong Wu, and Xian Xin. "China’s on-going debates over large-scale farming: what are the pros and cons?" China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-06-2015-0072.
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Purpose – The Chinese Government relies heavily on increasing farming scale to address the new challenges facing China’s agricultural development. A basket of polices targeted at increasing farming scale has been issued in recent years thereby resulting to debates over large-scale farming in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and highlight the debate over China’s on-going large-scale farming. Design/methodology/approach – This paper contributes to the policy debates over large-scale farming in China by reviewing the existing literature on the positive and negative impacts of large-scale farming on agricultural development, land productivity, and national food security. This paper overviews the different ideas and findings of studies associated with the topic. Findings – The mainstream literature supports the idea that large-scale farming will address the challenges facing China’s agricultural development, while others argue that it crowds out the benefits of small farmers, and raises concerns over inequalities of resources allocation and income distribution, and undermines social stability. While proponents argue that large-scale farming may lead to rise in land productivity, opponents argue that it may result into decrease in land productivity and national grain output. Originality/value – This paper is a policy review based on existing works. It organizes the different debates over large-scale farming in China, and highlights the key arguments put forward.
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Zhimin, Wang, Lu Shibao, Bao Haijun, Zhu Jinxia, and Zhao Jiaqian. "Evaluation of Farming Cultivated Land Quality Based on Extension Method in Reclaimed Region." Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2016): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.10.1810.
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Olaniyi, Olayemi Mikail, E. Daniya, J. G. Kolo, J. A. Bala, and A. E. Olanrewaju. "A computer vision-based weed control system for low-land rice precision farming." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v9.i1.pp51-61.
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<span>Agricultural sector is one of the economic pillars of developing nations, because it provides means of boosting gross domestic profit. However, weeds pose a threat to food crop by competing with it for nutrients and undermining the profit to be made from it. The treatment of these weeds is necessary, but at minimal impact on the actual food crop. Herbicide usage is one major means of weed control, owning to the expensive and labour-intensive nature of hand weeding. Recently, the need for site specific spraying has been on the rise because of health concerns which have been raised on the effect of herbicides on food crops and the effect on the environment. Most research on the field focuses on accurately identifying the weeds whilst neglecting the weed control. In this research, we apply fuzzy logic-based expert system to control how herbicide is sprayed on low-land rice in order to reduce excessive herbicide usage. The system supplies the control with weed density (Box size) and confidence level. The values of both are then passed to the fuzzy logic control for spray decision. The Sugeno as well as Mamdani models were tested using generated values for detected weed box size and confidence levels of the computer vision. The mean absolute error obtained was 0.9 for both, and 0.3 and 0.2 respectively, for the mean square error. The error shows how accurate the system can be and with low error value, it shows that the system implementation is capable of providing control for spraying of herbicides which in turn will yield more returns for low-land rice farmers.</span>
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Strekalov, Sergey, and Lubov Strekalova. "Designing soil tillage devices for the spiral land cultivation system." E3S Web of Conferences 126 (2019): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912600018.
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The paper considers ways of implementing scientific and technological achievements in crop farming by focusing on soil tillage and plant management operations. It studies requirements to soil tillage device designs and lists efficiency criteria for their operation. Theoretical research is being conducted into finding monoprinciples for creating multifunctional devices for the spiral crop farming system. A synthesis of principally new wave-motion-based tools is presented. The critical operational characteristics of wave-type tools and their technological aspects are given.
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Abwao, Jacob, Safina Musa, Robert Ondiba, and Zach Ogari. "Socioeconomic dynamics and characterization of land-based aquaculture in Western Kenya." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.01.10.
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Abstract With the global decline in capture fisheries, aquaculture remains alternative in bridging the gap and meeting the demand for fisheries products. Currently, aquaculture contributes approximately 50% of world total fishery production, hence becoming an important intervention in promoting food and nutritional security, and employment creation. Western Kenya is suitable for aquaculture production due to favorable climate and good soil as well as high demand for fish. The present survey purposed to assess the Socio-demographic characteristics of fish farmers, fish feed and seed producers in 9 Counties within Western Kenya. The information obtained included socio economic dynamics and challenges to fish farming. Fish farming mainly occur in rural areas in Western Kenya where the most dominant system is earthen ponds, measuring 300 m2. Aquaculture in the region is male dominated and majority of players practice individual enterprises. The majority of the hatcheries are authenticated and the lack of credit facility was mentioned as the most important challenge. However, for feed producers lack of adequate raw materials was the most important bottle neck. From this study, both environmental and social factors in the region must be synergized to achieve aquaculture sustainability. There is need for empowerment of farmers through capacity building and availability of credit facilities whereas hatcheries and feed producers must be empowered with adequate skills and infrastructure in order to adhere to good standards.
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Walangitan, Hengki Djemie. "Forest and Land Rehabilitation Planning Based on Land Capacity of The Lake Tondano Catchment Area." Jurnal Wasian 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v1i2.859.
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This study aims to analyze and develop alternative forest and land rehabilitation based on land capability in catchment area Tondano lake. Inhibiting factors used in the analysis is the ability of land slope, drainage and infiltration rate. The results of the analysis obtained 42 units of land. Approximately 85 % belong to the class I - V and 15 % belong to the class VI-VIII. Furthermore, the proposed three models of forest and land rehabilitation as follows: (1) Sub East catchment area, proposed pattern-based agroforestry clove plants in cultivation area, (2) Sub South catchment area, proposed pattern of farm crops is designed in agroforestry systems so that the health of soil, especially soil organic matter content can be maintained to support sustainable agriculture, (3) Sub West catchment area, proposed pattern integrated farming cattle crops (maize + grass strip + terrace ridges). While in the forest area developed multi purposes forest on all catchment areas.
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O’Rourke, Eileen. "Drivers of Land Abandonment in the Irish Uplands: A Case Study." European Countryside 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0011.
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Abstract Land abandonment is a complex multi-dimensional process with interlinked economic, environmental and social aspects. This paper presents a case study of an isolated hill sheep farming community in SW Ireland, where a combination of low incomes, ageing population, lack of successors and strong environmental constraints are perceived to be among the main factors leading to their demise. However, the uplands they have grazed for generations are of high nature conservation value, and depend on active management to maintain both their ecology and landscapes. The research, which is based on a combination of interviews and farming systems research, highlights the misfit between what the mountain can produce, light hill lamb, and what the globalised market demands. The paper argues that if ‘farming for conservation’ is the new function of such farming systems, then we should consider decoupling public goods payments from agricultural subsidies, along with integrating agriculture in disadvantaged areas within a broader rural development framework. The research aims to fill the gap between macro policy and the micro reality of an upland community on a self-declared ‘tipping point’.
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Smith, Thomas, George Holmes, and Jouni Paavola. "Social Underpinnings of Ecological Knowledge: Business Perceptions of Biodiversity as Social Learning." Organization & Environment 33, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026618803723.
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Biodiversity loss presents a serious business risk, particularly for natural resource–based sectors. Improved ecological knowledge has been identified as a means to change perceptions and motivate operational reform regarding biodiversity, but the processes by which businesses gain such knowledge remain unclear. One possible process is to use social learning. Social learning describes processes of ecological knowledge transfer and identifies essential components of successful learning processes. Social learning is applied to forestry and salmon farming in Chile. The role of the Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) as a “bridging organisation,” prompting learning by forestry firms, contrasts with the absence of such an organisation in salmon farming. This article demonstrates how even with improved ecological knowledge firms may not fully transform operations, instead seeking to protect core activities from substantive reform. The article reflects on potential applications of social learning to other socioecological contexts, and areas for future research regarding business and biodiversity.
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Yang, Yuanyuan, and Shuwen Zhang. "Historical Arable Land Change in an Eco-Fragile Area: A Case Study in Zhenlai County, Northeastern China." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113940.
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Long-term land changes are cumulatively a major driver of global environmental change. Historical land-cover/use change is important for assessing present landscape conditions and researching ecological environment issues, especially in eco-fragile areas. Arable land is one of the land types influenced by human agricultural activity, reflecting human effects on land-use and land-cover change. This paper selected Zhenlai County, which is part of the farming–pastoral zone of northern China, as the research region. As agricultural land transformation goes with the establishment of settlements, in this research, the historical progress of land transformation in agricultural areas was analyzed from the perspective of settlement evolution, and the historical reconstruction of arable land was established using settlement as the proxy between their inner relationships, which could be reflected by the farming radius. The results show the following. (1) There was little land transformation from nonagricultural areas into agricultural areas until the Qing government lifted the ban on cultivation and mass migration accelerated the process, which was most significant during 1907–1912; (2) The overall trend of land transformation in this region is from northeast to southwest; (3) Taking the topographic maps as references, the spatial distribution of the reconstructed arable land accounts for 47.79% of the maps. When this proxy-based reconstruction method is applied to other regions, its limitations should be noticed. It is important to explore the research of farming radius calculations based on regional characteristics. To achieve land-system sustainability, long-term historical land change trajectories and characteristics should be applied to future policy making.
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Namdar, Fereshteh, Shahla Mahmoudi, Abazar Esmali Ouri, and Ebrahim Pazira. "Investigating the effect of land use changes on soil erosion using RS-GIS and AHP-Fuzzy based techniques (Case Study: Qaresu Watershed, Ardabil, Iran)." Nexo Revista Científica 33, no. 02 (December 31, 2020): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v33i02.10789.
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The intensity of soil erosion to occur in a region depends on multiple factors including climatic conditions, elevation, terrain, soil type, and land use. Among these factors, land use is one of the particular importance as it reflects the outsized role of humans in the exacerbation of erosion condition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of land use changes on soil erosion in Qaresu watershed, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, a watershed with an area of 4370.8 km2 located in the center of Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. For this purpose, the 1985 and 2015 Landsat images captured by TM and OLI-TIRS sensors were used to develop the land use maps of the watershed area using the maximum likelihood method. The erosion zoning maps were then developed by integrating the maps of land use, slope, lithology, distance from roads, distance from streams, precipitation, and soil using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method after an AHP-based weighting stage. The results showed that in the 30-year period from 1985 to 2015, the region has experienced a decrease in the area of forest, dry farming, and rangeland land uses and an increase in the area of land uses defined as urban, barren, irrigated farming, and water cover. In total, dry farming and rangeland were the largest land-uses in the studied area. According to the developed erosion zoning maps, in 1985, 14.4% and 36.84%, and in 2015, 15.64% and 32.3% of the studied area belonged to high and very high risk zones in terms of erosion potential, respectively. In defined two periods, high risk and very high risk zones were mostly positioned over dry and irrigated farmlands.
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Priono, Darsono, and Suhartono Suhartono. "Productivity of Upland Rice Farming on Logged Over Area of Teak Forest (Tectona grandis L." Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia 3, no. 1 (July 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jai.2020.3.1.1-8.
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Upland rice has been cultivated by intercropping patterns on the logged area of the teak forest in Java Island for a long time. However, the activities of upland rice farming are still subsistence and not profit-oriented. This study aims to determine the feasibility of upland rice farming on the logged area of teak forests based on farming productivity. Data was collected using a survey and interview to 30 farmers who cultivated upland rice on the logged area of Perhutani teak forest. To find out the productivity of upland rice farming, an analysis on land productivity, labor productivity, and capital productivity was carried out. The results showed that the upland rice farming on the logged area of teak forest feasible to do with land productivity of IDR 579,028 per 0.24 ha, labor productivity of IDR 55,200 per day and capital productivity of 17.13%.
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,, Suwarto, Agustinus Tri Aryanto, and Irzal Effendi. "Perancangan Model Pertanian Terpadu Tanaman-Ternak dan Tanaman-Ikan di Perkampungan Teknologi Telo, Riau." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 43, no. 2 (October 21, 2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v43i2.10424.
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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The Telo Technology Village of Bangkinang Seberang, Kampar, Riau was built on reclaimed land of C-mining excavation. On this land will be settled a number of farmer households pursue an area of 2,000 m2 in each. They should be able to maximize the land use to meet family needs adequately. In order to develop integrated farming system composed of crop, livestock, and fish productions, data were collected through interviews and literature. This study was conducted from February to July 2013. Models of integrated farming were designed and evaluated for its feasibility ecologically and economically using dynamic model Stella 9.2. Based on the models, integrated farming of spinach-kangkong-chili, cattle-laying ducks and Thai catfish-Tilapia fish will be able to provide an adequate income. Therefore area of 2,000 m2 is feasible for integrated farming, settlements and other households activities.</p><p>Keywords: high mapping layer, LEISA, nutrient cycle</p>
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Galnaitytė, Aiste, and Irena Kriščiukaitienė. "SIMULATION OF ORGANIC FARMING DEVELOPMENT." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 38, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2016.17.
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A new United Nations sustainable development Agenda underlines the relevance of Organic farming development. In the same line the Government of the Republic of Lithuania seeks to create economically efficient and competitive agriculture, based on low environmental impact farming, to develop organic farming and high quality certified agricultural and food production, conserve natural resources. Transition to the sustainable agricultural development faces the main difficulty, which is formulated as a scientific problem: how to reconcile the economic and political interests? This research is carried out by the purpose to offer alternative possibilities for organic farming development. The research was carried out using mathematical programming model and scenario analysis. Model is formulated as a linear mathematical programming optimization model, consisting of objective function, constraints, expressed as inequalities and fulfilling non-negative values conditions. The model includes existing and results provide the maximum gross value added ensuring crop production structure, taking in to account farming practices applied in Lithuania: conventional, organic, organic in conversion and integrated. The analysis of three scenarios has shown that the majority of compensatory payments and prices of organic production (2013) are insufficient to increase organic crop area to the extent of 10 percent of total agricultural land in Lithuania by 2020: only by one third (31 percent) higher organic production prices, lead to reached 10.5 percent of organic crop area from the total agricultural land. The research results provide scientifically based knowledge to the policy makers about the impact of the policy measure “Organic farming” on the development of organic farming.
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Chibana, Megumi. "Resurgents Create a Moral Landscape: Indigenous Resurgence and Everyday Practices of Farming in Okinawa." Humanities 9, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9040135.
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Located at the territorial border of powerful states in the world, Okinawa has been a politically contested place because of the long and disproportionate hosting of the US military installations in Japan. Historically, the effects of military occupation and control of land appeared in the dispossession of Indigenous land, a transition of the local economy, and furthermore, environmental destruction of agrarian space. This essay examines everyday acts of Okinawans making Indigenous space and making the land a more livable place, despite having long been dominated and militarily occupied. More specifically, this essay explores the correlation between land-based practices of farming and (a)political activism in the community. Drawing upon ethnographic research in Okinawa, I share various stories of people engaged in active Indigenous resurgence, whom I have termed “resurgents.” Stories of these resurgents show their commitment to the land-based farming and community-based activism of restoring the Indigenous landscape and foodways. I argue that the everyday act of farming, while perhaps seemingly apolitical and personal, has been and becomes a form of sociopolitical action that not only acts to resist settler-military space but also to sustain firmly and to call forth resurgent Okinawan Indigeneity from the ground.
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Nalandari, Rezki, and Adi Pratama Putra. "A Design of Farmer’s Orange Field Security System Using Microcontroller Based Direct Telephone Technology." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v20i3.2137.
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The development of security system is a positive development on reducing society’s anxiety of criminal act such as theft. The security systems that are being developed today are mostly home security systems, motor cycle and cars. So far, the security system for paddy fields or agricultural fields has been minimal studied. So far, security system in farming land has been studied but in minimum frequency, such as in orange field where thefts often occur even farmers had surrounded their farming land with fences. This device made of Pir Sensor that could detect humans, it uses ATmeg328P-PU as the CPU, SIM 800L as media or device in sending messages and battery as power source. Designing this device is easy enough and affordable, this device capable in calling registered phone number in pseudecode that had been input into the program.
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Apostolou, Konstantinos, Alexandra Staikou, Smaragda Sotiraki, and Marianthi Hatziioannou. "An Assessment of Snail-Farm Systems Based on Land Use and Farm Components." Animals 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020272.
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In this study, the structural and management characteristics of snail farms in Greece were analyzed to maximize sustainable food production. Objectives, such as the classification of farming systems and assessing the effects of various annual production parameters, were investigated. Data were collected (2017) via a questionnaire, and sampling was conducted in 29 snail farms dispersed in six different regions (Thrace, Central Macedonia, West Macedonia, Thessaly, Western Greece, and the Attica Islands). Descriptive statistics for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables were calculated. The similarity between farms was analyzed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). The average farm operation duration exceeded eight months and the mean annual production was 1597 kg of fresh, live snails. Results recorded five farming systems: elevated sections (7%), net-covered greenhouse (38%), a mixed system with a net-covered greenhouse (10%), open field (38%), and mixed system with an open field (7%). Snail farms differ in the type of substrate, available facilities, and equipment (60% similarity between most of the open field farms). The geographical location of a farms’ settlement affects productivity but also influences the duration of operation, especially in open field farms, due to their operation under a wide assortment of climatic types.
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Hasanah, Julita, Muhammad Rondhi, and Triana Dewi Hapsari. "ANALISIS RISIKO PRODUKSI USAHATANI PADI ORGANIK DI DESA ROWOSARI KECAMATAN SUMBERJAMBE KABUPATEN JEMBER." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2018.6.1.23-34.
Full textAbstract:
Government began to apply the concept of organic farming in order to maintain the sustainability of agriculture. Organic farming is applied to the organic rice farming of Jember Regency. This kind of farming have some risks. The prominent risk in organic rice farming is production. Research conducted at rowosari village aims to know: (1) The amount of production risk overall; (2) The amount of production risk that seen from the length of application organic farming and land area. The location of research in Rowosari, Sumbejambe which was determined intentionally (Purposive Method). The sampling method was total sampling method. The data that used in study were primary and secondary data. The analyze method used was standard deviation (V) and coefficient of variation (CV). The results of the study showed that: (1) Overall risk of production of organic rice farming in Rowosari Village amounted to 468.25 kg or 10.1% of the average production: (2) The risk of production of organic rice farming in Rowosari Village are based on the land area small (0.5 Ha), medium (0,5-2 Ha) and large (> 2 Ha) respectively 17,6%, 6,3% and 1.3% of the average production. The risk of production of organic rice farming in Rowosari Village is based on the period of implementation from 2015 and 2012, respectively 12.1% and 7.8% of the average production. It showed that the period of organic farming implementation will influence the amount of risk production.