Relevant bibliographies by topics / Land breeze

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Land breeze'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Land breeze"

1

Case, Jonathan L., Mark M. Wheeler, John Manobianco, Johnny W. Weems, and William P. Roeder. "A 7-Yr Climatological Study of Land Breezes over the Florida Spaceport." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam-2202.1.

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Abstract Seven years of wind and temperature data from a high-resolution network of 44 towers at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station were used to develop an objective method for identifying land breezes, which are defined as seaward-moving wind shift lines in this study. The favored meteorological conditions for land breezes consisted of surface high pressure in the vicinity of the Florida peninsula, mainly clear skies, and light synoptic onshore flow and/or the occurrence of a sea breeze during the afternoon preceding a land breeze. The land breeze characteristics are examined for two events occurring under different weather regimes—one with light synoptic onshore flow and no daytime sea breeze, and another following a daytime sea breeze under a prevailing offshore flow. Land breezes were found to occur over east-central Florida in all months of the year and had varied onset times and circulation depths. Land breezes were most common in the spring and summer months and least common in the winter. The average onset times were ∼4–5 h after sunset from May to July and ∼6.5–8 h after sunset from October to January. Land breezes typically moved from the west or southwest during the spring and summer, from the northwest in the autumn, and nearly equally from all directions in the winter. Shallow land breezes (<150-m depth) were typically not associated with the afternoon sea breeze and behaved like density currents, exhibiting the largest temperature decreases and latest onset times. Deep land breezes (>150-m depth) were most often preceded by an afternoon sea breeze, had the smallest horizontal temperature gradients, and experienced a mean onset time that is 4 h earlier than that of shallow land breezes.
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Purificação, Carolina, Miguel Potes, Gonçalo Rodrigues, Rui Salgado, and Maria João Costa. "Lake and Land Breezes at a Mediterranean Artificial Lake: Observations in Alqueva Reservoir, Portugal." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050535.

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The Alqueva reservoir, in the Southeast of Portugal, has significantly changed the landscape of the region, with impacts also on the local climate, as documented in this manuscript, namely the thermal circulation in the form of lake and land breezes. Taking advantage of three strategic meteorological stations, two installed at the shores and another on a floating platform located near the center of the reservoir, a detailed analysis of lake and land breeze occurrences during two years is presented in this study. The thermal gradient between the reservoir and the surroundings is the main driver for the breeze development and the meteorological stations placed in opposite sides of the reservoir allow to establish the criteria in order to detect lake and land breezes. The results showed more land breeze than lake breeze occurrences, in line with the more negative thermal gradient between shores and reservoir in the annual cycle. Lake breezes are more frequent in summer months during daytime and land breezes in turn are more frequent in winter months during night-time.
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Hill, Christopher M., Patrick J. Fitzpatrick, James H. Corbin, Yee H. Lau, and Sachin K. Bhate. "Summertime Precipitation Regimes Associated with the Sea Breeze and Land Breeze in Southern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 1755–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010waf2222340.1.

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Abstract This study assesses the monthly climatology of the timing and placement of convective precipitation events induced by sea and land breezes in the Louisiana–Mississippi–Alabama region, and determines possible reasons for the monthly differences. These objectives were achieved through surface wind climatologies and radar composites from 2003 to 2005, supplemented by statistically significant tests. It is shown that June had an easterly–southeasterly wind regime, whereas July and August featured more southerly flow. These wind regimes may have influenced monthly diurnal wind patterns along the coast. While all months showed a typical pattern of sea-breeze evolution, the land breeze demonstrated monthly variations off the Mississippi and Louisiana coasts. July and August feature a westerly land breeze from Louisiana, while the Mississippi land breeze was stronger in August than in July. A daily wind speed minimum offshore from Mississippi indicates a local transition of influence from the land breeze to the sea breeze, and precedes the peak of the sea breeze at the coastline by about 2 h. During the nighttime hours, radar composites show that precipitation is most prevalent offshore of the Louisiana and Mississippi coastline. By 1100 central daylight time (CDT), precipitation is observed over coastal regions. Local afternoon precipitation is widespread throughout the inland areas, while precipitation is minimal offshore. Statistical significance tests show that areal precipitation coverage (APC) increases in mid- to late summer on the Mississippi coast are due to higher precipitable water and, to a lesser extent, additional CAPE. Greater offshore APC in July and August results from the influence of the local land-breeze setup. Convergence of a land breeze from eastern Louisiana and a stronger land breeze from Mississippi provides the additional lift needed to generate convection over a greater area.
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de Boer, Gijs, Gregory J. Tripoli, and Edwin W. Eloranta. "Implementation and Validation of Dynamical Downscaling in a Microscale Simulation of a Lake Michigan Land Breeze." ISRN Meteorology 2012 (July 29, 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/529401.

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A nested numerical simulation of a land breeze observed over the western Lake Michigan shoreline was completed using the University of Wisconsin Nonhydrostatic Modeling System. This simulation was compared against observations obtained using a variety of instrumentation, most notably a scanning lidar system. The simulated land breeze is shown to closely represent the observations. Most notably, the influence of synoptic scale evolution on the strength and extent of the land breeze is illustrated to be a critical factor in accurately simulating the lifetime of the land breeze. Additionally, model resolution is shown to impact the ability of the simulation to accurately portray the fine scale features of the land breeze circulation, including the depth of the land breeze front and interactions between the land breeze and prevailing synoptic scale flow.
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Federico, S., L. Pasqualoni, A. M. Sempreviva, L. De Leo, E. Avolio, C. R. Calidonna, and C. Bellecci. "The seasonal characteristics of the breeze circulation at a coastal Mediterranean site in South Italy." Advances in Science and Research 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2010): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-4-47-2010.

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Abstract. We present a study on the characteristics of the sea breeze flow at a coastal site located in the centre of the Mediterranean basin at the southern tip of Italy. This study is finalized to add new data on breeze circulations over a narrow peninsula and present a unique experimental coastal site at about 600 m from the coastline in a flat open area at the foot of a mountain chain located in a region of complex orography. We study the seasonal behaviour of the sea-land breeze circulation by analysing two years of hourly data of wind speed and direction, temperature, radiation and relative humidity from a surface meteorological station, eighteen-months data from a wind profiler, and two-year data from the ECMWF analysis. Results show that breezes dominate the local circulation and play a major role for the local climate. They are modulated by the season, through the sea-land temperature difference and the large-scale flow. The large-scale forcing acts in phase with the diurnal breeze and opposes the nocturnal breeze. In summer, the daytime difference between the land surface temperature and the SST (Sea Surface Temperature) reaches its maximum, while the nigh-time difference has its minimum. This causes a strong, frequent and intense diurnal breeze and a weak nocturnal breeze. In winter and fall the nocturnal difference between the sea and land surface temperature reaches a maximum value, while the diurnal difference is at its minimum value. This causes a strong, frequent and intense nocturnal breeze despite of the large-scale forcing that is usually opposed to local-scale flow.
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Tang, Xiao Lan. "A Typical Sea-Land Breeze Process in Hainan Island." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.387.

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The automatic weather station data were used to research the evolution and impact factors of tropical island sea breeze convergence in September 2, 2010. Temporal and spatial variation of sea breeze convergence zone, atmospheric background field, physical field and other relevant factors about a typical sea-land breeze process in Hainan Island were diagnostic analyzed. Mesoscale meteorological model WRF was created to simulate the sea-land breeze. The results showed that the subtropical and tropical cyclone were the main synoptic situation which affected the temporal and spatial variation of the sea breeze convergence zone, so there was a significant difference of sea breeze process between both sides of the island. Mesoscale meteorological model WRF simulated the vertical structural features of sea-land breeze circulation and the evolution low of sea breeze convergence zone successfully, resolution of 45 × 15km having a better simulation effect.
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Intrieri, J. M., C. G. Little, W. J. Shaw, R. M. Banta, P. A. Durkee, and R. M. Hardesty. "The Land/Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX)." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 71, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-71.5.656.

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The Land/Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX) was conducted at Moss Landing, California, 15–30 September 1987. The experiment was designed to study the vertical structure and mesoscale variation of the land/sea breeze. A Doppler lidar, a triangular array of three sodars, two sounding systems (one deployed from land and one from a ship), and six surface weather stations (one shipborne) were sited around the Moss Landing area. Measurements obtained included ten sea-breeze and four land-breeze events. This paper describes the objectives and design of the experiment, as well as the observing systems that were used. Some preliminary results and selected observations are presented, called from the data collected, as well as the ensuing analysis plans.
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Qian, Tingting, Craig C. Epifanio, and Fuqing Zhang. "Topographic Effects on the Tropical Land and Sea Breeze." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-011.1.

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Abstract The effect of an inland plateau on the tropical sea breeze is considered in terms of idealized numerical experiments, with a particular emphasis on offshore effects. The sea breeze is modeled as the response to an oscillating interior heat source over land. The parameter space for the calculations is defined by a nondimensional wind speed, a scaled plateau height, and the nondimensional heating amplitude. The experiments show that the inland plateau tends to significantly strengthen the land-breeze part of the circulation, as compared to the case without terrain. The strengthening of the land breeze is tied to blocking of the sea-breeze density current during the warm phase of the cycle. The blocked sea breeze produces a pool of relatively cold, stagnant air at the base of the plateau, which in turn produces a stronger land-breeze density current the following morning. Experiments show that the strength of the land breeze increases with the terrain height, at least for moderate values of the height. For very large terrain, the sea breeze is apparently blocked entirely, and further increases in terrain height lead to only small changes in land-breeze intensity and propagation. Details of the dynamics are described in terms of the transition from linear to nonlinear heating amplitudes, as well as for cases with and without background winds. The results show that for the present experiments, significant offshore effects are tied to nonlinear frontal propagation, as opposed to quasi-linear wave features.
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Drobinski, Philippe, and Thomas Dubos. "Linear breeze scaling: from large-scale land/sea breezes to mesoscale inland breezes." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 135, no. 644 (October 2009): 1766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.496.

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Chen, Tsing-Chang, Ming-Cheng Yen, Jenq-Dar Tsay, Chi-Chang Liao, and Eugene S. Takle. "Impact of Afternoon Thunderstorms on the Land–Sea Breeze in the Taipei Basin during Summer: An Experiment." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 7 (July 2014): 1714–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-098.1.

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AbstractEnvironmental conditions for the roughly three million people living in the Taipei basin of Taiwan are greatly affected by the land–sea breeze and afternoon thunderstorm activities. A new perspective on the land–sea breeze life cycle and how it is affected by afternoon thunderstorm activity in the Taipei basin during the dry season is provided. During the summer monsoon break–revival phase, about 75% of rainfall in the Taipei basin is produced by afternoon thunderstorms triggered by sea-breeze interactions with the mountains to the south of this basin. Because the basic characteristics of the land–sea breeze and the changes it undergoes through the influence of afternoon thunderstorms have not been comprehensively analyzed/documented, a mini–field experiment was conducted during the summers of 2004 and 2005 to explore these aspects of the land–sea breeze in this basin. Thunderstorm rainfall is found to change not only the basin’s land–sea-breeze life cycle, but also its ventilation mechanism. On the nonthunderstorm day, the sea breeze supplies the open-sea fresh air for about 8 h during the daytime, but the land breeze persists on the thunderstorm day from afternoon to the next morning, acting to sweep polluted urban air out of the basin.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land breeze"

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Edwards, Catherine Richardson Seim Harvey E. "Coastal ocean response to near-resonant sea breeze/land breeze near the critical latitude in the Georgia Bight." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2073.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Marine Sciences." Discipline: Marine Sciences; Department/School: Marine Sciences.
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Stec, Jeffrey D. "Wind profiler study of the central California sea/land breeze /\." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA317994.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, September. 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): Carlyle H. Wash. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also available online.
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Odeh, Yousre. "Wind Power Potential in Palestine/Israel : An investigation study for the potential of wind power in Palestine/Israel, with emphasis on the political obstacles." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217094.

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Wind resource assessment studies have been conducted in the Israeli side and the Palestinian side before; however, the previous studies were restricted with the political border either Palestinian or Israeli except one of them that was based on measurements dated to 1940-1983 (R. Shabbaneh & A. Hasan, 1997). Moreover, the studies were performed years ago, with simple techniques and based on old data (R. Shabbaneh & A. Hasan, 1997). Hence, the needs for a new study that is based on updated data, and using updated model is highly demanded. This study is intended to perform wind resource assessment in Palestine/Israel; the study has used two stages of assessment, primary one based on reference station data on both sides, Israeli and Palestinian. The second stage of wind resource assessment is based on WindPRO software. The wind resource assessment ends up with identifying sites with higher potential that are situated in four selected sites, North of Palestine/Israel, North of West-bank, Jerusalem, and Eilat, the higher potential was in Eilat area bearing mean wind speed of 9.88m/s at 100 m hub height.Moreover, the study recognized the importance of political situation assessment due to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Based on conducted survey, the political situation assessment concluded that international non-governmental organizations seem to be most capable of starting up wind power project in Palestine/Israel. Furthermore, the study concluded that supportive policies from both the Israeli and Palestinian governments are crucial to promote wind power projects in the region.
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MELO, Ewerton Cleudson de Sousa. "Simulação numérica das interações biosfera-atmosfera em área de caatinga: uma análise da expansão agrícola em ambiente semiárido." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2011. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1437.

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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-14T10:58:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EWERTON CLEUDSON DE SOUSA MELO - TESE (PPGMet) 2016.pdf: 4714414 bytes, checksum: 399def91bcd71b3e8a00a6b001dcfd4b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:58:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EWERTON CLEUDSON DE SOUSA MELO - TESE (PPGMet) 2016.pdf: 4714414 bytes, checksum: 399def91bcd71b3e8a00a6b001dcfd4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30
CNPq
Neste trabalho a versão 6.0 do modelo numérico RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) é usada com o objetivo principal de simular a influência da expansão agrícola nas trocas de água e energia em áreas de Caatinga, e quantificar os efeitos das mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra na geração de circulações termicamente induzidas e na atividade convectiva. Os cenários de uso da terra investigados neste estudo foram construídos para representar condições ambientais nativas (sem influências antrópicas), e com alterações decorrentes da construção da represa de Sobradinho, e da expansão de atividades agrícolas e irrigação em região de clima semiárido. O ambiente atmosférico de grande escala é caracterizado pela estrutura dinâmica e termodinâmica típica da área central de um vórtice ciclônico de altos níveis (VCAN). A escolha do período de estudo teve como objetivo garantir condições ambientais com ampla diversidade agrícola em áreas de Caatinga (culturas de sequeiro e agricultura irrigada), e pouca nebulosidade. A evolução temporal da precipitação convectiva acumulada nas simulações da expansão agrícola mostra diferenças marcantes nos efeitos da agricultura de sequeiro e vegetação irrigada. O aumento na taxa da evapotranspiração nas áreas irrigadas eleva consideravelmente o teor de umidade nos baixos níveis da troposfera, reduz a temperatura do ar e diminui a precipitação convectiva. A descontinuidade na umidade e tipo de cobertura vegetal modifica a intensidade e distribuição dos fluxos turbulentos que são importantes na formação dos gradientes de pressão que geram circulações de brisa (brisa lacustre e de vegetação), de forma que o domínio nos transportes verticais de calor e água passa a ser da mesoescala. Verificou-se que as principais forçantes locais na determinação da distribuição espacial dos fluxos turbulentos e da chuva convectiva foram a topografia e a descontinuidade no teor de umidade do solo. Com relação a estabilidade atmosférica percebeu-se a existência de uma relação quase linear entre a Energia Potencial Convectiva Disponível (CAPE) e a temperatura potencial equivalente.
In this work the version 6.0 of the numerical model RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) is used with the main objective of simulating the influence of agricultural expansion on the water and energy exchange in Caatinga vegetation areas, and to quantify the effects that changes on soil use and coverage have on the generation of thermally induced circulations and convective activity. The scenarios of soil use investigated are designed to represent native environmental conditions (without anthropogenic influences) and with alterations due to the implementation of the Sobradinho reservoir, and the expansion of agricultural activities and irrigation in a semiarid climate area. The large scale atmospheric ambient is characterized by the dynamic and thermodynamic structure typical of the central area of an upper level cyclonic vortex. The period of study was chosen aiming at environmental conditions with largely diversified agricultural use in Caatinga vegetation areas (agriculture with and without irrigation), and almost cloudless skies. The temporal evolution of the accumulated convective precipitation in the numerical simulations of the agricultural expansion shows large differences in the effects of agriculture with and without irrigation. The irrigated areas higher evapotranspiration rate causes a substantial increase in the moisture content in the lower troposphere, and lower the air temperature and convective precipitation.
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Sills, David Michael Leslie. "Lake and land breezes in southwestern Ontario, observations, analyses and numerical modelling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0023/NQ33550.pdf.

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Zühlke, Raoul. "Bremen und Riga : zwei mittelalterliche Metropolen im Vergleich ; Stadt - Land - Fluß /." Münster [u.a.] : Lit, 2002. http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2003-1-047.

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Steer, Lorn Adam. "Site selection for the Small-Scale Aquaculture Farming Systems in the Western Cape : a GIS application." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1653.

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Fagan, Michael. "The sea breeze circulation during the Land Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX) in central California." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23384.

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"A study of the physics of sea-land breezes with particular applications to Hong Kong." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890485.

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Ngan Shiu Fai.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [107]-109).
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Observations in Hong Kong --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Review of analytical approach --- p.10
Chapter 2 --- Mathematical model --- p.15
Chapter 2.1 --- Semi-analytical approach --- p.15
Chapter 2.2 --- Physical interpretation --- p.20
Chapter 2.3 --- General properties of the solution --- p.21
Chapter 3 --- Typical sea-land breezes --- p.25
Chapter 3.1 --- Circulation over a straight coastline --- p.25
Chapter 3.2 --- Structure of sea-land breezes --- p.27
Chapter 3.3 --- Dependence on the parameters --- p.40
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.46
Chapter 4 --- Effects of the coastline geometry --- p.54
Chapter 4.1 --- Effects of coastline curvature --- p.54
Chapter 4.2 --- Model of circular islands --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- Scale analysis on the effects of geometry --- p.75
Chapter 5 --- Application to Hong Kong --- p.78
Chapter 5.1 --- Numerical aspect --- p.78
Chapter 5.2 --- Wind branches --- p.83
Chapter 5.3 --- Effects of urban heat islands and sun-facing slopes --- p.85
Chapter 5.4 --- Static heating mode --- p.88
Chapter 5.5 --- Effect of model height --- p.89
Chapter 6 --- Association of sea-land breeze with spatial rainfall pattern --- p.91
Chapter 6.1 --- Regression analysis --- p.93
Chapter 6.2 --- Source of data --- p.94
Chapter 6.3 --- Annual rainfall --- p.95
Chapter 6.4 --- October --- p.95
Chapter 6.5 --- Seasonal Changes --- p.97
Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.100
Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.101
Appendix --- p.103
Chapter A --- Linearisation of the basic equations --- p.104
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Cheng, Lung-tsung, and 鄭龍聰. "A numerical study of land breeze and mountain wind circulation." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26296312746674450694.

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Books on the topic "Land breeze"

1

Stec, Jeffrey D. Wind profiler study of the central California sea/land breeze /\. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1996.

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Shaw, William J. Sounding and surface meteorological data from the Land/Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX). Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Donan, P. The land of the golden grain: North Dakota, the lake-gemmed, breeze-swept empire of the new Northwest ... Chicago, Ill: C.R. Brodix, 1987.

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Lo, Fulang. Morning breeze: A true story of China's cultural revolution = [Fu lang]. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals, 1989.

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Operations, United States Congress House Committee on Government. Secrecy breeds suspicion: Farm Credit Administration's selection of the Jackson Federal Land Bank receiver : sixty-fourth report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Secrecy breeds suspicion: Farm Credit Administration's selection of the Jackson Federal Land Bank receiver : sixty-fourth report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Operations, United States Congress House Committee on Government. Secrecy breeds suspicion: Farm Credit Administration's selection of the Jackson Federal Land Bank receiver : sixty-fourth report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Duits, Kjeld. Vrouw breekt los: De vele gezichten van Japan : impressies van een Nederlandse bewoner in het Land van de Rijzende Zon. 's-Gravenhage: BZZTôH, 2002.

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Okuda, Shinsaku. Kurobegawa senjōchi no rekishi to fūdo. Toyama-shi: Katsura Shobō, 1987.

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Kurobegawa senjōchi no rekishi to fūdo. Toyama-shi: Katsura Shobō, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Land breeze"

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Breckling, Jens. "The Land and Sea Breeze Cycle." In The Analysis of Directional Time Series: Applications to Wind Speed and Direction, 91–112. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3688-7_4.

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Flassak, Thomas, and Nicolas Moussiopoulos. "High Resolution Simulations of the Sea/Land Breeze in Athens, Greece, Using the Non-Hydrostatic Mesoscale Model Memo." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, 123–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3052-7_11.

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Annibale, Valerie Scatamburlo-D’. "The Land of Opportunism." In Cold Breezes and Idiot Winds, 1–16. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-409-6_1.

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Ress, David. "Charley’s Land." In The Half Breed Tracts in Early National America, 103–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31467-5_8.

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Ress, David. "Introduction: A Caught-Between People and an Undefined Land." In The Half Breed Tracts in Early National America, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31467-5_1.

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Ng, Mee Kam, Yuk Tai Lau, Huiwei Chen, and Sylvia He. "Dual Land Regime, Income Inequalities and Multifaceted Socio-Economic and Spatial Segregation in Hong Kong." In The Urban Book Series, 113–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_6.

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AbstractHong Kong has a dual land regime in the urban and rural territories. The urban areas on both sides of Victoria Harbour (8.8% of land, excluding Country Parks on Hong Kong Island) and new towns (about 15.3% of land) house over 90% of the city’s population (about 7.5 million) with an extremely high population density of about 26,000 per km2. After deducting Country Parks and Special Areas (about 40% of land), the rest of the rural New Territories (traditional settlements leased by the British Government in 1898 for 99 years) constitutes about 35% of land, but houses 5.5% of all residents with a substantially lower population density of about 1,000 per km2. China’s Open Door Policy since 1978 has led to economic restructuring in Hong Kong, changing its occupational structure, intensifying income inequality, and leading to socio-economic and spatial segregation. Whilst the affluent classes continue to concentrate in traditionally central locations in urban areas, or in luxurious residential enclaves in rural New Territories, the less well-off tend to be marginalised and live in remote new towns or rural New Territories. The latter is also a result of a skewed power relationship between the government and the property sector in directing spatial development that breeds a hegemonic (dis)course and regime of urban-biased and property-dominant development, sustaining the government’s coffer through a high land price policy.
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Anderson, Colin Ray, Janneke Bruil, M. Jahi Chappell, Csilla Kiss, and Michel Patrick Pimbert. "Domain A: Rights and Access to Nature—Land, Water, Seeds and Biodiversity." In Agroecology Now!, 49–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61315-0_4.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses a seemingly obvious but often underappreciated reality—without secure land tenure as well as access to and control over other elements of natural ecosystems, agroecology specifically, and the sustainable livelihoods of food producers more generally, will be impossible. We review how the access and control over water, ecosystem, cultivated biodiversity, seeds, breeds and soil amongst other aspects of nature enable agroecology. Conversely, we review the disabling conditions in this domain where inadequate and insecure access and tenure rights for various elements of natural ecosystems increase vulnerability, hunger and poverty and undermine agroecology. Insecure rights and access to nature provides little incentive for farmers, communities and territorial networks to invest in long-term agroecological approaches.
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Ueda, Hiromasa, and Weiming Sha. "Numerical Study on the Detailed Structure and Dynamics of Land/Sea Breezes as a Gravity Current." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, 143–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3052-7_13.

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Birch, N., B. J. Southgate, and L. E. Fellows. "Wild and semi-cultivated legumes as potential sources of resistance to bruchid beetles for crop breeder: a study of Vigna/Phaseolus." In Plants for Arid Lands, 303–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6830-4_22.

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Burns, Alison. "The Mesolithic Footprints Retained in One Bed of the Former Saltmarshes at Formby Point, Sefton Coast, North West England." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 295–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_16.

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AbstractIn the early Holocene period, extensive tracts of coastal land were submerged as the climate warmed and meltwaters flooded into the oceans. As the Irish Sea expanded, coastlines altered and large intertidal zones were created as tracts of low-lying land at the tidal margins were gradually submerged. In these areas, reed swamp and saltmarsh formed which, too, were inundated for varying periods of time. However, in the calmer warmer weather of the late spring and summer, birds and mammals were drawn on to the mudflats where they could feed on molluscs, or new reed and sedge shoots, wallow in the cooling mud, drink the brackish water or, for some predators, hunt. The behavioural tendencies of some species are revealed by their footprints which show their engagement within this environment – some breeds moved on to the marshes while others moved away. The humans who shared this landscape understood the opportunities offered by these predictable behaviours. Their trails run along and across those left by many species, leaving a visible network of human and animal activity preserved in the hardened mud. These will be described through an examination of the footprints recorded in three contexts which formed the stratigraphy of a Mesolithic bed at Formby Point in North West England. The persistent return to the mudflats by generations of people reflects an embodied knowledge of this coastal landscape, learnt in childhood and practiced in adulthood. The ability to modify movements in the landscape, to respond to the daily tides, the changing seasons and a fluctuating environment, all suggest a spatial-temporal relationship which not only encompassed a dynamic environment but also the other life that dwelt within it.
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Conference papers on the topic "Land breeze"

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CAIAN, Mihaela, Crina RADU, and Georgeta BANDOC. "Changes in Breeze Warmest Summers for the Romanian Black Sea Coast in Climate Scenarios for the Time Horizon 2050." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_14.

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The study aims to analyze and compare the mean sea level pressure field to show the changes in the breeze regime in the coastal area of Romania in the current climate and the one projected in climate scenarios. The mechanism and variability of the breeze cell (intensity, location, frequency, persistence) are analyzed and compared for extreme conditions of warmest summers (July) during the two climatic intervals: 1971- 2000 respectively for the RCP4.5 2021-2050 scenario. The high-resolution climate is simulated using the RegCMv4.5 regional climate model at 5 km resolution, coupled with the global EC-Earth model. These dynamical downscaling methods were performed for the first time for Romania in ANM (Meteo Romania) during the AZURE-Microsoft project (2018), aiming to refine the scale of the global climate scenarios to allow process analysis. The mechanism of changes is analyzed with the interaction between regional-scale conditions and large-scale dynamic factors. The results indicate changes in the frequency of intense events and the spatial development of the breeze cell, with a time-mean intensification of both sea and land breezes and, a greater spatial advance in the area mainly during the day. Large scale-dynamics changes in interaction with the breeze circulation lead to an anticyclonic rotation under a warmer climate of the coupled circulation that induces a shift to the South-West of the cell, with a possible impact on the location of the associated precipitation. Regarding timing, a time-delay in the sea breeze occurrence (smaller pressure gradients persist longer due to warmer sea surface temperature), together with enhanced cell intensity, later on, makes the event appear as a more abrupt or extreme one. The results of the study provide potentially important input for further analysis of projected impacts of the breeze circulation on the regional climate.
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Yang, Xiaofeng, Xiaofeng Li, Weizhong Zheng, and Ziwei Li. "SAR observation and WRF model simulation of land breeze in Hainan Island, China." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7729576.

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Tang, Xiaolan, and Shuiyuan Cheng. "A sensitivity research of numerical simulation about winter sea-land breeze in China tropical island." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2012.6319868.

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Paski, Jaka A. I., Immanuel J. A. Saragih, Donaldi S. Permana, Miranti I. Hastuti, Aries Kristianto, and Erwin E. S. Makmur. "Simulation of land-sea breeze effect on the diurnal cycle of convective activity in the Eastern Coast of North Sumatra using WRF model." In 2019 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Geoscience, Electronics and Remote Sensing Technology (AGERS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agers48446.2019.9034301.

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Bostater, Jr., Charles R., Jerome A. King, Lisa H. Huddleston, and Luce Bassetti. "Data assimilation of AVHRR and MODIS data for land base initialization and boundary conditions in the UTC-M atmospheric boundary layer sea-breeze model of Space Coast Florida." In Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Jr. and Rosalia Santoleri. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.517199.

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Bostater, Jr., Charles R., Jerome King, and Lisa H. Huddleston. "Water and land surface satellite based data for use in the UTC-M Mesoscale planetary boundary layer atmospheric model: sea breeze predictions along central Florida using a thermal sub-model." In International Symposium on Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Jr. and Rosalia Santoleri. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.464380.

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Small, Dorothy S. "Technical Considerations in a Zero Energy Home." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54179.

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Building a zero energy home requires several major considerations: site selection for the home; considerations to use less; conservation of what you produce; and evaluation the best choices of renewable resources. This paper discusses the use of climate data collection software, heat loss and heat gain considerations and software; how to achieve a zero energy building and qualifying as a LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Certified Platinum home. Site selection is the first step. This first step can be taken after you have identified your goals. What alternative energy systems do you want to use? Do you want to use more than one alternative source? What other site considerations are important? In my case, I wanted to use solar energy as my primary alternative energy source. Why? I want comfort, reliability and ease of use. Other alternatives may require more maintenance. Wind power will be a second source that will be incorporated to produce electricity when the PV system can not produce. The site selected is a south facing mountain that has a steady breeze most of the time. Another consideration for me is the ability to use earth-sheltering as a measure of high efficiency construction. The south-facing mountain also provides the opportunity to “nestle” into the mountainside. Calculations and basis of design are presented. Using less is a key mindset that we all need to move toward. Using less does not mean that you suffer. This house will be comfortable year round with little effort because the house uses passive solar design for lighting and space heating, active solar hot water for additional heating of the floor and domestic hot water, and PV/wind/biodiesel generator backup to generate electricity for lighting and other typical electrical loads. The construction materials provide high R-values and green products that contribute to excellent indoor air quality. SIPs (Structural Insulated Panels) will be used as the structural components for the walls and roof. All electrical appliances, refrigerator, lighting, and washer/dryer were selected to use less electricity and water. Data describing the energy requirements are provided. Reuse all that you can. I am incorporating a masonry heater, also known as a Russian Fireplace. The combustion efficiency of the masonry fireplace is typically 92–94 percent with very low emissions. The masonry fireplace will provide passive mass for passive release of the woodburning energy during the evening and heat hot water coils in the fireplace as well (as the hot water backup system). The use of hard woods from the land will provide heat overnight, heat for cooking and supply additional BTUs for domestic hot water and radiant heat. Many of the building materials that are selected for construction are from the land; stone and whole cut wood from the land will be used for esthetic appeal and thermal mass thereby reducing harmful manufacturer’s emissions. My site is an excellent site for a hybrid solar and wind power (with a biodiesel generator as backup) system. The orientation and wind profile of the land is optimal for solar and wind energy applications. Site specific data and optimization of active solar, passive solar and PV/wind systems are presented. Life cycle costs are presented to show the cost comparison using Years-to-Payback and Return on Investment approaches for the energy systems and LEED certification costs for new construction.
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Michelbacher, John A., Carl E. Baily, Daniel K. Baird, S. Paul Henslee, Collin J. Knight, and Kenneth E. Rosenberg. "Shutdown and Closure of the Experimental Breeder Reactor–II." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22462.

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The Department of Energy mandated the termination of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) Program, effective October 1, 1994. To comply with this decision, Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-W) prepared a plan providing detailed requirements to maintain the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) in a radiologically and industrially safe condition, including removal of all irradiated fuel assemblies from the reactor plant, and removal and stabilization of the primary and secondary sodium, a liquid metal used to transfer heat within the reactor plant. The EBR-II is a pool-type reactor. The primary system contained approximately 325 m3 (86,000 gallons) of sodium and the secondary system contained 50 m3 (13,000 gallons). In order to properly dispose of the sodium in compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), a facility was built to react the sodium to a solid sodium hydroxide monolith for burial as a low level waste in a land disposal facility. Deactivation of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) presents unique concerns. Residual amounts of sodium remaining in circuits and components must be passivated, inerted, or removed to preclude future concerns with sodium-air reactions that could generate potentially explosive mixtures of hydrogen and leave corrosive compounds. The passivation process being implemented utilizes a moist carbon dioxide gas that generates a passive layer of sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate over any quantities of residual sodium. Tests being conducted will determine the maximum depths of sodium that can be reacted using this method, defining the amount that must be dealt with later to achieve RCRA clean closure. Deactivation of the EBR-II complex is on schedule for a March, 2002, completion. Each system associated with EBR-II has an associated layup plan defining the system end state, as well as instructions for achieving the layup condition. A goal of system-by-system layup is to minimize surveillance and maintenance requirements during the interim period between deactivation and decommissioning. The plans also establish document archival of not only all the closure documents, but also the key plant documents (P&IDs, design bases, characterization data, etc.) in a convenient location to assure the appropriate knowledge base is available for decommissioning, which could occur decades in the future.
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Casey, Michael, Frank Gersbach, and Chris Robinson. "An Optimization Technique for Radial Compressor Impellers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50561.

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A software tool has been created to aid in automated impeller design within an integrated design system for radial flow impellers. The design tool takes the results from the 1D preliminary design process and uses these to define a parameterized blade geometry, which incorporates features that are required for low mechanical stresses and simple manufacturing. This geometry is then adjusted to minimize a global objective function using a throughflow computation. The adjustment is based on selection with a breeder genetic algorithm. The initial population includes “elite” designs from a database of earlier well-proven experience, and the final design is honed to perfection with a hill-climbing method. With the help of a suitable global objective function incorporating mechanical and aerodynamic criteria, and taking into account wide experience with the design of impellers, the tool provides a fast screening of various design possibilities to produce a geometrical input for more advanced computational fluid dynamic and mechanical analysis. This is demonstrated through the redesign of an impeller previously designed by conventional methods. Comparisons of the results of the CFD analysis of the new impeller with that of the earlier design demonstrate that the tool can rapidly produce nearly optimal designs as an excellent basis for further refinement by the more complex analysis methods.
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DUBRA, Vytautas. "SOME PECULIARITIES OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LAND-BASED INORGANIC NUTRIENTS IN THE COASTAL PART OF THE BALTIC SEA." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.070.

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The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea with remarkable cyclonic circulation. The most attention must be paid to the local-scale factors playing the significant role in the overall figures. Fresh water inflow takes the majority of the mass budget income thus enabling local streams. The bathymetry of the Lithuanian Baltic zone is lowering gradually towards the open sea and has no significant deeps or depths. As the little exception there is a deeper basin, which stretches from the Curonian Spit until it reaches the approaches of the Southern Gotland Deep. The long-term investigations of spatial seasonal distribution of inorganic nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate) resulted to some regularities depending on prevailing wind scale duration and force. The results obtained during the experiment showed the complicacy of field structure. Extremely heterogeneous patterns of nutrients are formed when northern or eastern winds or breezes are prevailing. After the other wind directions significant decrease of heterogeneity was observed. Assessment showed that Curonian Lagoon water entering the Baltic Sea is enriched with dissolved inorganic nitrogen 6 times more and dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration is higher by 2 times in comparison to the open sea values in winter.
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Reports on the topic "Land breeze"

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Shaw, William J., and Richard J. Lind. Sounding and Surface Meteorological Data from the Land/Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada216269.

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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6965584.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947060.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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