Academic literature on the topic 'Land capability for agriculture – Data processing'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Land capability for agriculture – Data processing.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Land capability for agriculture – Data processing"
1
Thompson, M. W., J. Hiestermann, and L. Moyo. "PROVING THE CAPABILITY FOR LARGE SCALE REGIONAL LAND-COVER DATA PRODUCTION BY SELF-FUNDED COMMERCIAL OPERATORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (November 16, 2017): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-209-2017.
Full textAbstract:
For service providers developing commercial value-added data content based on remote sensing technologies, the focus is to typically create commercially appropriate geospatial information which has downstream business value. The primary aim being to link locational intelligence with business intelligence in order to better make informed decisions. From a geospatial perspective this locational information must be relevant, informative, and most importantly current; with the ability to maintain the information timeously into the future for change detection purposes. Aligned with this, GeoTerraImage has successfully embarked on the production of land-cover/land-use content over southern Africa. The ability for a private company to successfully implement and complete such an exercise has been the capability to leverage the combined advantages of cutting edge data processing technologies and methodologies, with emphasis on processing repeatability and speed, and the use of a wide range of readily available imagery. These production workflows utilise a wide range of integrated procedures including machine learning algorithms, innovative use of non-specialists for sourcing of reference data, and conventional pixel and object-based image classification routines, and experienced/expert landscape interpretation. This multi-faceted approach to data produce development demonstrates the capability for SMME level commercial entities such as GeoTerraImage to generate industry applicable large data content, in this case, wide area coverage land-cover and land-use data across the sub-continent. Within this development, the emphasis has been placed on the key land-use information, such as mining, human settlements, and agriculture, given the importance of this geo-spatial land-use information in business and socio-economic applications and decision making.
2
Hosseiny, Benyamin, Heidar Rastiveis, and Saeid Homayouni. "An Automated Framework for Plant Detection Based on Deep Simulated Learning from Drone Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213521.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional mapping and monitoring of agricultural fields are expensive, laborious, and may contain human errors. Technological advances in platforms and sensors, followed by artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) breakthroughs in intelligent data processing, led to improving the remote sensing applications for precision agriculture (PA). Therefore, technological advances in platforms and sensors and intelligent data processing methods, such as machine learning and DL, and geospatial and remote sensing technologies, have improved the quality of agricultural land monitoring for PA needs. However, providing ground truth data for model training is a time-consuming and tedious task and may contain multiple human errors. This paper proposes an automated and fully unsupervised framework based on image processing and DL methods for plant detection in agricultural lands from very high-resolution drone remote sensing imagery. The proposed framework’s main idea is to automatically generate an unlimited amount of simulated training data from the input image. This capability is advantageous for DL methods and can solve their biggest drawback, i.e., requiring a considerable amount of training data. This framework’s core is based on the faster regional convolutional neural network (R-CNN) with the backbone of ResNet-101 for object detection. The proposed framework’s efficiency was evaluated by two different image sets from two cornfields, acquired by an RGB camera mounted on a drone. The results show that the proposed method leads to an average counting accuracy of 90.9%. Furthermore, based on the average Hausdorff distance (AHD), an average object detection localization error of 11 pixels was obtained. Additionally, by evaluating the object detection metrics, the resulting mean precision, recall, and F1 for plant detection were 0.868, 0.849, and 0.855, respectively, which seem to be promising for an unsupervised plant detection method.
3
Taryono, T., Sugiharto Budi Santoso, and Yuli Priyana. "Geomorfological Study on the Evaluation of Critical Land in Cepogo, Boyolali, Central Java Province." Forum Geografi 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v15i2.4576.
Full textAbstract:
Land is natural resources within processing needs to the wise action in order to give good returns for human and being prevented it’s conservation. In the utility of it’s land this land is proper to the agriculture land have sometime emergedthe environment problems, namely the balance of nature is disturbed. It doesn’t mean that land is forbidden to use, but in the it’s utility purposes this land must be considered it’s capability or it’s balance. If form and manner of using this land doesn’t disturb the natural balance, it means to be guaranted. In the countrary, if form and remain to be guaranted. In the contrary, if form and manner of using this land disregard with it’s capability, then the natural balance is disturbed, the land is called asland within dangerous condition or critical land. The coresponding problem that arises in Kecamatan Cepogo under Boyolali district on the surface level land and southern land resembles the critical land that the most erosion appearance can be found assuch sheet erosion, gully erosion, erosion in the other side, vallage forest, settlement land. Mixing estate and the infertile land. This recent exploration purpose is to understand physical factor that affects the critical land as well as to collect and to clarity the critical land. The used method is survey and laboratory analysis by land unit approach ascartography unit. The adopted data of this research is used the effectively width of soil, texture, soil permeability, soil slope, and soil appearance. From this research is understood that the explorated land has three critical land levels, namely; the medium critical land level is 4411,09 are or 17,48%, the wight critical soil level is 7909,74 are or 12,86% of the whole exploration area wide.
4
Caldas, Anildo, Teresa Pissarra, Renata Costa, Fernando Neto, Marcelo Zanata, Roberto Parahyba, Luis Sanches Fernandes, and Fernando Pacheco. "Flood Vulnerability, Environmental Land Use Conflicts, and Conservation of Soil and Water: A Study in the Batatais SP Municipality, Brazil." Water 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101357.
Full textAbstract:
In many regions across the planet, flood events are now more frequent and intense because of climate change and improper land use, resulting in risks to the population. However, the procedures to accurately determine the areas at risk in regions influenced by inadequate land uses are still inefficient. In rural watersheds, inadequate uses occur when actual uses deviate from land capability, and are termed environmental land use conflicts. To overcome the difficulty to evaluate flood vulnerability under these settings, in this study a method was developed to delineate flood vulnerability areas in a land use conflict landscape: the Batatais municipality, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The method and its implementation resorted to remote sensed data, geographic information systems and geo-processing. Satellite images and their processing provided data for environmental factors such as altitude, land use, slope, and soil class in the study area. The importance of each factor for flood vulnerability was evaluated through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to the results, vast areas of medium to high flood vulnerability are located in agricultural lands affected by environmental land use conflicts. In these areas, amplified flood intensities, soil erosion, crop productivity loss and stream water deterioration are expected. The coverage of Batatais SP municipality by these vulnerable areas is so extensive (60%) that preventive and recovery measures were proposed in the context of a land consolidation–water management plan aiming flood control and soil and water conservation.
5
Yao, Huang, Rongjun Qin, and Xiaoyu Chen. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Sensing Applications—A Review." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121443.
Full textAbstract:
The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sensors and platforms nowadays are being used in almost every application (e.g., agriculture, forestry, and mining) that needs observed information from the top or oblique views. While they intend to be a general remote sensing (RS) tool, the relevant RS data processing and analysis methods are still largely ad-hoc to applications. Although the obvious advantages of UAV data are their high spatial resolution and flexibility in acquisition and sensor integration, there is in general a lack of systematic analysis on how these characteristics alter solutions for typical RS tasks such as land-cover classification, change detection, and thematic mapping. For instance, the ultra-high-resolution data (less than 10 cm of Ground Sampling Distance (GSD)) bring more unwanted classes of objects (e.g., pedestrian and cars) in land-cover classification; the often available 3D data generated from photogrammetric images call for more advanced techniques for geometric and spectral analysis. In this paper, we perform a critical review on RS tasks that involve UAV data and their derived products as their main sources including raw perspective images, digital surface models, and orthophotos. In particular, we focus on solutions that address the “new” aspects of the UAV data including (1) ultra-high resolution; (2) availability of coherent geometric and spectral data; and (3) capability of simultaneously using multi-sensor data for fusion. Based on these solutions, we provide a brief summary of existing examples of UAV-based RS in agricultural, environmental, urban, and hazards assessment applications, etc., and by discussing their practical potentials, we share our views in their future research directions and draw conclusive remarks.
6
Howari, F. M. "The use of remote sensing data to extract information from agricultural land with emphasis on soil salinity." Soil Research 41, no. 7 (2003): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03033.
Full textAbstract:
The rapid growth of information technologies has provided exciting new sources of data, interpretation tools, and modelling techniques to soil research and education communities at all levels. This paper presents some examples of the capability of remote sensing data such as Landsat ETM+, airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS), colour infrared aerial photos (CIR), and high-resolution field spectroradiometer (GER 3700) to extract surface information about soil salinity. The study used image processing techniques such as supervised classification, spectral extraction, and matching techniques to investigate types and occurrences of salts in the Rio Grande Valley on the United States–Mexico border. Soil salinity groups were established using soil physico-chemical properties and image elements (absorption-reflectivity profiles, band combinations, grey tones of the investigated images, and textures of soil and vegetation covers as they appear in images). The lack of vegetation or scattered vegetation on salt-affected soil (SAS) surfaces makes it possible to detect salt in several locations of the investigated area. The presented remote sensing datasets reveal the presence of gypsum and halite as the dominant salt crusts in the Rio Grande Valley. This information can help agricultural scientists and engineers to produce large-scale maps of salt-affected lands, which will help improve salinity management in watersheds and ecosystems.
7
Zhang, Yonghong, Hongan Wu, Mingju Li, Yonghui Kang, and Zhong Lu. "Investigating Ground Subsidence and the Causes over the Whole Jiangsu Province, China Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020179.
Full textAbstract:
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) mapping of localized ground surface deformation has become an important tool to manage subsidence-related geohazards. However, monitoring land surface deformation using InSAR at high spatial resolution over a large region is still a formidable task. In this paper, we report a research on investigating ground subsidence and the causes over the entire 107, 200 km2 province of Jiangsu, China, using time-series InSAR. The Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide-swath (IW) images of 6 frames are used to map ground subsidence over the whole province for the period 2016–2018. We present processing methodology in detail, with emphasis on the three-level co-registration scheme of S-1 data, retrieval of mean subsidence velocity (MSV) and subsidence time series, and mosaicking of multiple frames of results. The MSV and subsidence time series are generated for 9,276,214 selected coherent pixels (CPs) over the Jiangsu territory. Using 688 leveling measurements in evaluation, the derived MSV map of Jiangsu province shows an accuracy of 3.9 mm/year. Moreover, subsidence causes of the province are analyzed based on InSAR-derived subsidence characteristics, historical optical images, and field-work findings. Main factors accounting for the observed subsidence include: underground mining, groundwater withdrawal, soil consolidations of marine reclamation, and land-use transition from agricultural (paddy) to industrial land. This research demonstrates not only the capability of S-1 data in mapping ground deformation over wide areas in coastal and heavily vegetated region of China, but also the potential of inferring valuable knowledge from InSAR-derived results.
8
Wang, Lijun, Jiayao Wang, and Fen Qin. "Feature Fusion Approach for Temporal Land Use Mapping in Complex Agricultural Areas." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 2517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132517.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate temporal land use mapping provides important and timely information for decision making for large-scale management of land and crop production. At present, temporal land cover and crop classifications within a study area have neglected the differences between subregions. In this paper, we propose a classification rule by integrating the terrain, time series characteristics, priority, and seasonality (TTPSR) with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Based on the time series of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Vegetation Index (NDVI), a dynamic decision tree for forests, cultivation, urban, and water was created in Google Earth Engine (GEE) for each subregion to extract cultivated land. Then, with or without this cultivated land mask data, the original classification results for each subregion were completed based on composite image acquisition with five vegetation indices using Random Forest. During the post-reclassification process, a 4-bit coding rule based on terrain, type, seasonal rhythm, and priority was generated by analyzing the characteristics of the original results. Finally, statistical results and temporal mapping were processed. The results showed that feature importance was dominated by B2, NDWI, RENDVI, B11, and B12 over winter, and B11, B12, NDBI, B2, and B8A over summer. Meanwhile, the cultivated land mask improved the overall accuracy for multicategories (seven to eight and nine to 13 during winter and summer, respectively) in each subregion, with average ranges in the overall accuracy for winter and summer of 0.857–0.935 and 0.873–0.963, respectively, and kappa coefficients of 0.803–0.902 and 0.835–0.950, respectively. The analysis of the above results and the comparison with resampling plots identified various sources of error for classification accuracy, including spectral differences, degree of field fragmentation, and planting complexity. The results demonstrated the capability of the TTPSR rule in temporal land use mapping, especially with regard to complex crops classification and automated post-processing, thereby providing a viable option for large-scale land use mapping.
9
Khan, Fatima Hameed, Muhammad Adeel Pasha, and Shahid Masud. "Advancements in Microprocessor Architecture for Ubiquitous AI—An Overview on History, Evolution, and Upcoming Challenges in AI Implementation." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2021): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060665.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial intelligence (AI) has successfully made its way into contemporary industrial sectors such as automobiles, defense, industrial automation 4.0, healthcare technologies, agriculture, and many other domains because of its ability to act autonomously without continuous human interventions. However, this capability requires processing huge amounts of learning data to extract useful information in real time. The buzz around AI is not new, as this term has been widely known for the past half century. In the 1960s, scientists began to think about machines acting more like humans, which resulted in the development of the first natural language processing computers. It laid the foundation of AI, but there were only a handful of applications until the 1990s due to limitations in processing speed, memory, and computational power available. Since the 1990s, advancements in computer architecture and memory organization have enabled microprocessors to deliver much higher performance. Simultaneously, improvements in the understanding and mathematical representation of AI gave birth to its subset, referred to as machine learning (ML). ML includes different algorithms for independent learning, and the most promising ones are based on brain-inspired techniques classified as artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs have subsequently evolved to have deeper and larger structures and are often characterized as deep neural networks (DNN) and convolution neural networks (CNN). In tandem with the emergence of multicore processors, ML techniques started to be embedded in a range of scenarios and applications. Recently, application-specific instruction-set architecture for AI applications has also been supported in different microprocessors. Thus, continuous improvement in microprocessor capabilities has reached a stage where it is now possible to implement complex real-time intelligent applications like computer vision, object identification, speech recognition, data security, spectrum sensing, etc. This paper presents an overview on the evolution of AI and how the increasing capabilities of microprocessors have fueled the adoption of AI in a plethora of application domains. The paper also discusses the upcoming trends in microprocessor architectures and how they will further propel the assimilation of AI in our daily lives.
10
Syahza, Almasdi, and Mitri Irianti. "Formulation of control strategy on the environmental impact potential as a result of the development of palm oil plantation." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 12, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-06-2019-0059.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze strategies for controlling potential environmental impacts as a result of developing oil palm plantations. Design/methodology/approach Research sites in the first year have been carried out in potential areas for the development of oil palm plantations, both through plasma through Badan Usaha Milik Negara (state-owned enterprises) and Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (private-owned companies) and self-help by the community. The research locations were carried out in the Riau mainland areas, including Kampar, Rokan Hulu and Kuantan Singingi regencies. In contrast, the Riau coastal areas were Pelalawan, Siak, Bengkalis, Indragiri Hilir, Indragiri Hulu and Rokan Hilir. The two research areas have different productivity caused by differences in soil fertility. The method used for data collection is the rapid rural appraisal method, which is a participatory approach to obtain data/information and general evaluation in the field in a relatively short time. Findings Oil palm commodities are the most popular, especially in the Riau region. This is evidenced by the rapid development of oil palm plantations, namely, 1,119,798 ha in 2001 and increased to 2,372,402 ha in 2013. During the 2001–2013 period, the average growth rate was 6.46% per year, whereas other plantation commodities such as rubber and coconut have decreased. #R2.6 An increase follows the expansion of the plantation area in the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). Crude palm oil (CPO) production from 1,792,481 tons in 2001 increased to 7,570,854 tons in 2013, with an average annual growth of 12.76%. CPO production capability in Riau is supported by 172 palm oil mill (POM) units with a processing capacity of 7,800 tons per hour. POM is not spread evenly but is concentrated in nucleus and plasma plantations. Independent smallholders with their scattered land located far from the existing POM. This condition causes the low quality of FFB to the mill due to the distance between the plantation and POM. Originality/value The virtue of this research is to find an institutional arrangement strategy for oil palm agriculture to spur growth through the development of the downstream palm oil industry. The strategy is intended to create economic added value so that efforts to accelerate community economic development can be increased.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Land capability for agriculture – Data processing"
1
Breytenbach, Andre. "GIS-based land suitability assessment and allocation decision-making in a degraded rural environmen." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16599.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rural development problems faced by the impoverished communities in the Transkei, South Africa, are numerous, and environmental degradation has already taken much of its toll. By working at a micro-catchment-level both the socio-economic and biophysical appreciation of the land resources were captured as encapsulated in the concept of resource management domains. Participatory decision-making allowed functional land use goals and evaluation criteria to be incorporated into computerised multi-criteria evaluation and multi-objective land use allocation models in order to reach an idealised or more sustainable land use situation. In the execution of the decision-making process seven procedural steps were followed, which are discussed in detail and applied in the case study. Synthesis of the results emphasised the envisaged rural planning potential of the methods used.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In terme van plattelandse ontwikkeling staar talle probleme die behoeftige gemeenskappe van Transkei, Suid-Afrika, in die gesig en omgewingsdegradering neem ongehinderd sy tol. Deur op ‘n mikro-opvangsgebied vlak te werk kon beide die sosio-ekonomiese en biofisiese waarde van die gebied se hulpbronne bepaal word en uitgebeeld word in hulpbron bestuursdomeine. Deur deelnemende besluitneming is funksionele grondgebruiksdoelwitte en evaluasie kriteria gebruik in gerekenariseerde meervoudige kriteria evaluering en veeldoelige grondgebruiksaanwysingsmodelle ten einde die ideale of ‘n meer volhoubare grondgebruik situasie te verkry. Vir die uitvoering van die besluitnemingsproses is van sewe opeenvolgende stappe gebruik gemaak en die uitvoering daarvan word in diepte bespreek in hierdie gevallestudie. Sintese van die resultate het die potensiaal van hierdie beoogde landelike beplanningsmetodes beklemtoon.
2
Manabe, Victor Danilo 1986. "Metodologia para mapeamento da expansão de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de Mato Grosso por meio de séries temporais de NDVI/MODIS." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257105.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jansle Vieira RochaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T12:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manabe_VictorDanilo_M.pdf: 5304321 bytes, checksum: 80a3f7d1cb298d39ab607a7a6015ab38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O aumento na produção da cana-de-açúcar vem gerando grande discussão sobre a sustentabilidade da produção e a sua influência direta na mudança de uso da terra, principalmente em áreas de pastagem e cultura anual. O estudo da dinâmica da cana-de-açúcar tem influência direta em questões como a composição da produção agrícola, nos impactos sobre a biodiversidade, no desenvolvimento social e humano e na definição de políticas públicas. Índice de vegetação, através de séries temporais de imagens, tem sido utilizado para mapeamento de uso da terra de grandes áreas (estados, países ou regiões), através de produtos do sensor MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Este trabalho avaliou o desempenho de diferentes técnicas de filtragem em séries temporais e também realizou detecção automatizada de áreas de cana-de-açúcar e principais usos da terra para os anos de 2005, 2008 e 2012, e consequente mudança de uso da terra, utilizando séries temporais NDVI/MODIS, no estado de Mato Grosso. Foi utilizado o NDVI dos produtos MOD13Q1 e MYD13Q1 do sensor MODIS para identificação das áreas de diferentes usos da terra. Primeiramente foram avaliados os filtros Savitz-Golay , HANTS e Flat Bottom de maneira individual e também com a combinação Flat Bottom + HANTS e Flat Bottom + Savitz-Golay, nas séries de dados somente referentes ao NDVI MODIS/Terra e em conjunto com NDVI MODIS/Aqua. Tendo o resultado, que a utilização MODIS/Terra e MODIS/Aqua trouxe melhora significativa no resultado da classificação, quando utilizado em conjunto a algum filtro de série temporal, sendo o Savitzky-Golay, o que apresentou melhor resultado na diferenciação dos alvos. Na identificação e mapeamento automatizado, de áreas de cana-de-açúcar e outros principais usos da terra para a região (cultura anual, pastagem, cerrado e mata), para os anos de 2005, 2008 e 2012, os valores de acertos para cana-de-açúcar foram de 83%, 82% e 85% nos anos 2005, 2008 e 2012, respectivamente, e o acerto total foram de 89%, 88% e 89%, também para os anos 2005, 2008 e 2012. Ao cruzar os mapeamentos, foi possível realizar a análise da mudança de uso da terra para cana-de-açúcar. A certeza na mudança de uso da terra, quando implementa em áreas anteriormente destinadas a agricultura anual foi de 80% e 82%, na comparação de 2005 para 2008 e 2008 para 2012, respectivamente. No uso anterior de pastagem e cerrado este valor apresentou valores de 69% e 30%, respectivamente, na mudança de 2005 para 2008, e 66% e 34%, respectivamente, na mudança de 2008 para 2012. O resultado na analise de mudança de usa da terra teve a predominância de áreas de pastagem como principal uso anterior a cana-de-açúcar, seguida pela agricultura e o cerrado como responsável pelo restante do uso anterior da terra. Assim, o método para identificação da mudança de uso da terra apresentou um erro a ser considero, porém a tendência de ocorrência se apresenta de maneira consistente
Abstract: The production increase of sugarcane has generated discussion about the sustainability of production and its direct impact on the land use change, especially in pasture and annual crops areas. The study of the dynamics of sugarcane has a direct impact on issues such as the composition of agricultural production, the impacts on biodiversity, social and human development and the definition of public policies. Vegetation index through time series images have been used to map land use of large areas (states, countries or regions) using sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This study evaluated the performance of different time series smoothing techniques and also held automated detection of sugarcane areas and main land uses for the years 2005, 2008 and 2012, and the consequent land use change, using NDVI/MODIS time series in Mato Grosso state. It was used NDVI product of MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q1 to identify areas of different land uses. At first, Savitz-Golay, Hants and Flat Bottom individually and also the combination Flat Bottom + Hants and Flat Bottom + Savitz-Golay, it was applied on NDVI time series data only related to MODIS/Terra and in conjunction with MODIS/Aqua. The result was that the use MODIS/Terra and MODIS/Aqua brought significant improvement in the overall classification, when used in conjunction with any time series smoothing, and the Savitzky-Golay showed better results in the differentiation of targets. The mapping areas of sugarcane and other major land uses (annual crops, grassland, savanna and forest), for the years 2005, 2008 and 2012, the number of right answers for sugarcane were 83 %, 82 % and 85 % in the years 2005, 2008 and 2012, respectively, and total accuracy were 89 %, 88 % and 89 %, also for the years 2005, 2008 and 2012. When crossing the maps, it was possible to perform the analysis of the land use change to cane sugar. The certainty of change in land use, when deploy in areas previously designed to annual agriculture was 80 % and 82 % in 2005 compared to 2008 and 2008 compared to 2012 respectively. The past use of grassland and savannah, this value, showed values of 69 % and 30 %, respectively, in the change from 2005 to 2008, and 66 % and 34 %, respectively, in the change from 2008 to 2012. The result of the study of land use changing had the predominance of grazing areas as the former principal use sugarcane, followed by agriculture and savanna as responsible for the remainder of the previous land use. Thus, the method to identifying the change of land use has an error to consider, but the trend appears to occur consistently
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
3
Spackman, Michael. "Agricultural land evaluation: the adaptation of the land evaluation and site assessment system to the microcomputer." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27547.
Full textBooks on the topic "Land capability for agriculture – Data processing"
1
Battaglin, William A. Spatial data in geographic information system format on agricultural chemical use, land use, cropping practices in United States. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.
Find full text
2
International Congress for Computer Technology in Agriculture (5th 1994 Stoneleigh Park, England). Enablingtechnologies for land use and resource management: Fifth International Congress for Computer Technology in Agriculture : 29 June to 5 July, 1994. Stonleigh Park: Royal Agricultural Society of England, 1994.
Find full text
3
Beazley, Susan L. Monitoring changes in agriculture using computer-assisted cartography: Land use. Truro, N.S: Rural Research Centre, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, 1996.
Find full text
4
Beazley, Susan L. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and agriculture: A bibliography. Truro, N.S: Rural Research Centre, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, 1996.
Find full text
5
Faechner, Ty. Evaluation of GPS yield mapping technology at reclaimed industrial sites in Alberta. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2006.
Find full text
6
Nkonya, Ephraim. Strategies For Sustainable Land Management And Poverty Reduction In Uganda (Research Report (International Food Policy Research Institute), 133.). International Food Policy Research Insitute, 2004.
Find full text
7
Computerized land evaluation data bases in the European communities: Catalogue of a questionnaire survey, 1989. 2nd ed. Luxembourg: The Commission, 1990.
Find full text
8
Agro-ecological land resources assessment for agricultural development planning: A case study of Kenya : resources data base and land productivity. Rome, Italy: Land and Water Development Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1991.
Find full text
9
New York Stock Exchange: Capability of automated systems to identify program trading : report to the Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.
Find full text
10
New York Stock Exchange: Capability of automated systems to identify program trading : report to the Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Land capability for agriculture – Data processing"
1
Gurung, Shirshak. "Land Capability Classification for Agriculture: GIS and Remote Sensing Approach—A Survey." In Advances in Communication, Cloud, and Big Data, 29–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8911-4_4.
Full text
2
El Mansouri, Loubna, Said Lahssini, Rachid Hadria, Nadia Eddaif, Tarik Benabdelouahab, and Asmae Dakir. "Time Series Multispectral Images Processing for Crops and Forest Mapping." In Geospatial Technologies for Effective Land Governance, 83–106. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5939-9.ch006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter highlights time series image processing for accurate agriculture characterization through two Moroccan experiences. The first case aims at crop mapping. A new classification approach based on multiple classifiers combination (MCC) was developed and applied to multi-temporal enhanced vegetation index (EVI) bands. The whole process is performed in three stages: (1) Landsat data preparation and multi-temporal staked EVI image extraction, (2) MCC construction from six advanced and supervised classifiers, and (3) stacked EVI image classification using the build-up MCC. Some post-classification contextual rules were also added in order to optimize the crops classification and the final parcel shape. In the second case, a post-classification change detection process was implemented to detect changes in forest area. Many classification schemes with different vegetation and texture indices were investigated. The two experiences are cost-effective, reproducible, and transferable. Consequently, they can regularly be used to produce up-to-date land use maps.
3
Baranidharan, B. "Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies, Architecture, Protocols, Security, and Applications." In Handbook of Research on Cloud and Fog Computing Infrastructures for Data Science, 149–74. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5972-6.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
Internet of things (IoT) is a rapidly developing technology that connects various kinds of smart miniature things such as smart medical alert watches, smart vehicles, smart phones, smart running shoes, etc. Smart devices are connected through internet and can communicate to other smart devices in any part of the world in an automated manner. IoT environment often uses constrained devices with low energy, low processing capability, and low memory space. In order to prevent communication failure, a special kind of architecture is needed for IoT. This chapter presents a review of the basic architecture model, communication protocol of IoT, security aspects of IoT, and various IoT applications such as smart agriculture, water management, smart healthcare, smart home, smart industry, and smart vehicles.
4
Kalpana, M., and A. V. Senthil Kumar. "Fuzzy Expert System in Agriculture Domain." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 1–15. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9175-7.ch001.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture is an important source of livelihood and economy of a country. Decision making plays an important role in various fields. Farmers are the backbone of agriculture. They need expert systems to make decisions during land preparation, sowing, fertilizer management, irrigation management, etc. for farming. Expert systems may suggest precisely suitable solutions to farmers for all the activities. Uncertainty deals with various situations during sowing, weed management, diagnosis of disease, insect, storage, marketing of product, etc. Uncertainty is compounded by many facts that many decision-making activities in agriculture are often vague or based on perception. Imprecision, vagueness, and insufficient knowledge are handled using the concept of fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic with expert systems helps find uncertain data. Fuzzy expert systems are oriented with numerical processing.
5
Kedia, Deepak, and Gurjit Kaur. "Examining Different Applications of Cloud-Based IoT." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 125–46. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3445-7.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
The integration of Cloud computing and IoT provides the capability of omnipresent sensing services and powerful, efficient storage as well as processing of sensor data beyond the capability of distinct things or devices. The ability of Cloud platform in providing automatic and reliable decision making will boost the development of newer and innovative applications, like smart healthcare, cities, buildings, agriculture practices and buildings, etc. This chapter surveys a few key application areas where Cloud-based IoT technology can mark its impact. The Cloud-based architecture has been proposed for these applications, simultaneously examining and identifying the challenges involved. The salient points identified in this chapter will help researchers and scientists to explore newer applications based on the Cloud-IoT platform.
6
Plant, Jane A., and Barry Smith. "Environmental Geochemistry on a Global Scale." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0028.
Full textAbstract:
Recent population growth and economic development are extending the problems associated with land degradation, pollution, urbanization, and the effects of climate change over large areas of the earth’s surface, giving increasing cause for concern about the state of the environment. Many problems are most acute in tropical, equatorial, and desert regions where the surface environment is particularly fragile because of its long history of intense chemical weathering over geological timescales. The speed and scale of the impact of human activities are now so great that, according to some authors, for example, McMichael (1993), there is the threat of global ecological disruption. Concern that human activities are unsustainable has led to the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development Our Common Future (Barnaby 1987) and the establishment of a United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development responsible for carrying out Agenda 21, the action plan of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Considerable research into the global environment is now being undertaken, especially into issues such as climate change, biodiversity, and water quality. Relatively little work has been carried out on the sustainability of the Earth’s land surface and its life support systems, however, other than on an ad-hoc basis in response to problems such as mercury poisoning related to artisanal gold mining in Amazonia or arsenic poisoning as a result of water supply problems in Bangladesh (Smedley 1999). This chapter proposes a more strategic approach to understanding the distribution and behavior of chemicals in the environment based on the preparation of a global geochemical baseline to help to sustain the Earth’s land surface based on the systematic knowledge of its geochemistry. Geochemical data contain information directly relevant to economic and environmental decisions involving mineral exploration, extraction, and processing; manufacturing industries; agriculture and forestry; many aspects of human and animal health; waste disposal; and land-use planning. A database showing the spatial variations in the abundance of chemical elements over the Earth’s surface is, therefore, a key step in embracing all aspects of environmental geochemistry. Although environmental problems do not respect political boundaries, data from one part of the world may have important implications elsewhere.
7
"allies and the military) had not only large landholdings, but also direct control over strategic elements of the 'circuit of agrarian capital' such as agroindustry, processing facilities, foreign trade, manufacturing and all the banks. The monopolistic control not only excluded direct participation by foreign firms but also reduced the rest of the bourgeoisie to a subordinate position. Above all, the monopoly in banking (which provided virtually all the working capital for export agriculture in the form of annual loans backed by pre-export credits from foreign banks, preserving classical monetary stability) [FitzGerald, 1985c] gave the Somoza group indirect control over commercial farmers, directing their production decisions and siphoning off much of the investible surplus. In a country with a high cultivable land to population ratio (two hectares per head) and a social structure which guaranteed labour availability, the scarce resource was credit, especially in export agriculture which requires considerable working capital for inputs and the harvest wagefund. Agroex-ports in 1976 used 47 per cent of the cultivated area but received 75 per cent of the credit; most of the rest went to the two modernised foodgrains, rice and sorghum [IFAD, 1981], As we shall see, this inherited model has had a profound effect upon the particular form of 'mixed economy' in agriculture that has been adopted in this transitional stage. The resulting land tenure pattern is indicated in Table 1. In 1978, the large (over 500 mz) units included 36 per cent of the farmed area, of which about one-half was the property of the Somoza group. This was con-centrated predominantly in agroexport production of sugar, cotton, coffee and cattle. The medium and small farmers (50-500 mz) included some 46 per cent of the land, using a lower technology and with a balance of food and export crops. The peasantry proper had only 18 per cent of the land, predominantly in foodcrops, much of this of a subsistence nature. The data." In The Agrarian Question in Socialist Transitions, 216–22. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203043493-37.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Land capability for agriculture – Data processing"
1
Carfora, M. F., A. Palombo, S. Pascucci, S. Pignatti, and F. Santini. "Land cover mapping capability of multispectral thermal data: The TASI-600 case study." In 2013 5th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2013.8080714.
Full text
2
Lai, Mark K., William G. Freeman, Paul R. Yankowich, Joe D. Bryant, and Peter Walterscheid. "High Pressure Spray Diagnostics Facility for Development and Evaluation of Aero-Engine Atomizer and Swirler Assemblies." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53994.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, Honeywell has developed an unique industry capability of a high-pressure spray diagnostics facility to characterize 3D spray structures. Capability unique to Honeywell is highlighted. Major issues in measurement procedures under laser, industrial, and high-pressure environments and in acquisition and post-processing of 3D imaging are discussed. To characterize 3D spray, methodologies are described to quantitatively analyze vertical and horizontal spray images and to develop correlations of atomizer performances with engine (or rig) test data. Applications of this facility for a dual-orifice atomizer with an air shroud, a piloted airblast atomizer, and an assembly of a Lean-Direct Injection (LDI) atomizer with premixed swirlers are presented. The results indicate that, to have good correlations of atomizer performance with engine (or rig) test data, atomizers must be tested under high-pressure conditions and characterized three-dimensionally. Capabilities are shown to provide critical information for design and development of combustion systems.
3
Rouser, Kurt, Charles Vining, and Robert McAmis. "Integrated Technology Investment Plan for Aeropropulsion Testing at Arnold Engineering Development Center." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28088.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the integrated investment plan that Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) has established for aeropropulsion testing technology. Near and far term technology drivers are addressed in the forecast for test and evaluation capability requirements. Recent technology advancements are described and related to current AEDC testing capabilities. Technology investment areas include intrusive and non-intrusive diagnostics, modeling and simulation, test protocols, and data acquisition and processing. Focus is given to the integration of these technologies with each other, with AEDC facility capabilities, and with forecasted workload requirements. Anticipated budget downsizing has motivated AEDC to prioritize current capabilities and consider partnerships with other federal entities, along with commercial industry and academic institutions. Detailed treatment of particular technology initiatives is presented here along with current collaborative efforts. This paper provides both strategic and tactical vision for continued development of aeropropulsion testing technology at AEDC.
4
Grabill, Paul, Jerry Jacobs, Tom Johnson, Tom Brotherton, and Jon Keller. "Helicopter Structural Life Modeling: Flight Regime and Gross Weight Estimation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27894.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate usage information collected by Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) coupled with improved structural fatigue life calculation methodologies promise to reduce helicopter operational and support costs while maintaining current flight safety levels. Current fatigue life calculations assume worst-case flight profiles in determining component life. This approach may be outdated or not reflective of actual aircraft usage. On a small business innovative research (SBIR) contract the Intelligent Automation Corporation (IAC) has developed processing to include a low cost regime recognition and aircraft gross weight estimation capability as an extension to the US Army’s Vibration Management Enhancement Program (VMEP). IAC’s approach relies on multi-sensor data fusion technology and flight parameters collected by VMEP to provide an accurate flight regime calculation. Recording time in particular flight regimes has the potential of extending aircraft component life without changing proven lifing models. The regime recognition system has been implemented with the current release of IAC’s VMEP systems. Presented here are the methodology, development and visualization tools developed on the SBIR as well as results for using the system on AH-64 aircraft in follow-on work.
5
Slovisky, J., M. L. Mansour, M. T. Barton, and D. L. Palmer. "Numerical Designed Experiment to Optimize a Ported Shroud to Extend the Operability Margin of a Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68870.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) numerical optimization of a modern centrifugal compressor impeller with a ported shroud for increased surge margin. The vent configuration selected was a full circumference, constant-width slot. A multiblock, steady flow three dimensional (3D) viscous RANS model (ADPAC) is used with parallel processing capability to increase computational speed. Grid generation is performed in an automated fashion to enable the timely optimization of the ported shroud configuration. A designed experiment (DoE) approach is used to minimize the number of vent configurations to be modeled, to ensure that factor interaction effects are captured, and to facilitate the definition of an optimum vent configuration. The DoE is a 2 factor, 2 level full factorial experiment with a center point included to detect possible curvature in the solution surface. The factors optimized are slot width and the flow-wise location of the slot. The numerical technique verifies the ability of the ported shroud to extend compressor stall margin at the part-speed operating condition, while maintaining acceptable high speed performance, in good agreement with test data for a similar impeller with a ported shroud. The use of a DoE method coupled with CFD modeling identified an optimized vent configuration with a minimum of time and effort. The CFD results also provide enhanced understanding of the device physics.
6
Hoebel, M., B. Fehrmann, K. Franitza, C. Kohles, and P. Lang. "Automated Laser Re-Opening of Film Cooling Holes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90896.
Full textAbstract:
The re-opening of film cooling holes is currently one of the major challenges for the commercial repair of latest generation gas turbine noble parts. Protective coatings consumed in the course of a C-Interval must be replaced. An undesired side effect is that the new coating material plugs existing cooling channels. The use of reconditioned parts critically depends upon the capability to restore the original efficiency of the advanced cooling system. We present a novel process for that purpose, which has been developed at the ALSTOM Technology Center combining robotic vision and laser material processing. As a first step accurate information about cooling hole positions and orientation is obtained from a robotic vision system. This data is used to guide a short-pulse drilling laser in a subsequent machining operation. Typical overspray conditions for a great variety of film cooling geometries have been simulated and the results have been used to create a database of 3D overspray models. From these models a CAD/CAM postprocessor automatically generates individualized laser machining programs. Overspray coating material is then removed through an ablation process using a tailored 5+2 axes laser machining center equipped with an industrial q-switch Nd-YAG laser and a galvano-scanner. Airflow measurement results show that the new process is capable of meeting the cooling airflow requirements for heavily loaded hot-gas parts of the first gas turbine stage. This allows high quality reconditioning of film-cooled gas turbine components such as those in ALSTOM’s GT24/GT26 fleet.
7
Genrup, Magnus, Ivan Carlsson, Ulf Engdar, and Mohsen Assadi. "A Reduced-Order Through-Flow Program for Choked and Cooled Axial Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68716.
Full textAbstract:
A reduced-order through-flow program has been developed at the Lund Institute of Technology. The goal of the work was to develop and verify a program suitable for scientific studies of axial turbines. The program has built-in capability for multiple choked stages, and turbine cooling, as well as flexible modules for state, losses, deviation, and blockage. The code uses Matlab™ as a platform for numerics, pre- and post-processing. The turbine modules are available from the Institute free of charge for scientific use. Matlab is a commercially available mathematical package and is used as a numerical tool by many universities and companies. Today, several codes are available for turbine analysis at different levels. Most of the codes are proprietary and not available outside the companies that have developed them. There are, however, commercially available codes, but the user does not normally have accesses to the source code. This poses serious problems when such codes are used for scientific studies, and open easily modified code is indeed a desirable feature. The present paper describes in detail the calculation methods used to simulate performance of a cooled and choked turbine at off-design conditions. The algorithms necessary for finding the turbine choke point will, for example, be described in detail. The way in which the loss, deviation (including secondary and tip clearance), and blockage are included in a quasi 1-D calculation environment is also presented. The code is suitable for further development (e.g. streamline curvature through-flow), since it is based on modules for e.g. state, combustion, loss, deviation, diffuser, numerics, and in-and output data processing. It is fairly easy to transform the Matlab program into e.g. Fortran. However, the use of the original platform simplifies plotting of turbine characteristics, velocity triangles, etc. The program is validated against test-rig data from an industrial two-stage power turbine.
8
Pegemanyfar, Nima, and Michael Pfitzner. "State-of-the-Art Combustor Design Utilizing the Preliminary Combustor Design System PRECODES." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50577.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced state-of-the-art gas turbine combustion chamber design requires a multitude of design rules and parameters using a large number of empirical correlations. In order to allow for a more effective use of this knowledge, the preliminary combustor design system PRECODES was developed in the framework of the European research project INTELLECT D.M. (INTEgrated Lean Low Emission CombusTor Design Methodology). The development of PRECODES has already been described by the authors in previous ASME papers [1], [2]. This paper is focused on the results achieved by the application of the system and the demonstration of its potential regarding an automated combustion chamber design. Since the preliminary design of the combustor is performed and optimized fully automatically by the system, the evaluation and comparison of a much higher number of combustor configurations is possible compared to using a manual design process. Moreover detailed CFD analysis is no more limited to the final design phase, but can now be performed early during the preliminary design phase. The CFD results allow for a detailed postprocessing, to check whether all requirements, as derived from the design rules by correlations are satisfied by the configuration (e.g. zonal air/fuel ratios, residence times). The iterative combustor design process loop, as described by the authors in the previous papers [1], [2] has been closed. New, improved combustor design rules have been derived providing a sophisticated combustor design. Different preliminary combustor configurations are produced by the system on the basis of varying performance parameters and geometric requirements, resulting in a variation of the combustor volume, mixing holes sizes and application of different types of mixing holes required to meet the zonal stoichiometries. Some of the configurations have been analysed and compared more specifically using the detailed post-processing capability. An overview of this detailed post-processing analysis and of the data comparison is given in the paper. A promising configuration has been obtained with respect to NOx and CO emissions, at the same time ensuring sufficient residence times for both relight and combustion efficiency requirements.
9
Chorpening, B. T., E. D. Huckaby, M. L. Morris, J. D. Thornton, and K. J. Benson. "Flame Ionization Distribution and Dynamics Monitoring in a Turbulent Premixed Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90879.
Full textAbstract:
To achieve very low NOx emission levels, lean-premixed gas turbine combustors have been commercially implemented which operate near the fuel-lean flame extinction limit. Near the lean limit, however, flashback, lean blowoff, and combustion dynamics have appeared as problems during operation. To help address these operational problems, a combustion control and diagnostics sensor (CCADS) for gas turbine combustors is being developed. CCADS uses the electrical properties of the flame to detect key events and monitor critical operating parameters within the combustor. Previous development efforts have shown the capability of CCADS to monitor flashback and equivalence ratio, and progress has been made on detecting and measuring combustion instabilities. In support of this development, a highly instrumented atmospheric combustor has been used to measure the pressure oscillations in the combustor, the ultraviolet flame emission, and the flame ion field at the premix injector outlet and along the walls of the combustor. This instrumentation allows examination of the downstream extent of the combustion field using both the ultraviolet (mostly OH*) emission and the corresponding electron and ion distribution near the walls of the combustor. During testing the combustion dynamics were controlled using a fuel feed impedance control technique. This provided flame ionization measurements for both steady and unsteady combustion, without changing the operating parameters of the combustor. Previous testing in this combustor had fewer data acquisition channels, and did not include a full implementation of a CCADS centerbody. This testing included both the guard and sense CCADS electrodes installed on the nozzle centerbody, and an array of 14 wall mounted spark plugs to monitor the flame ionization downstream along the walls of the combustor. This paper reports the results of this testing, focusing on the relationship between the flame ionization, ultraviolet flame emission, and pressure oscillations. Tests were run over a matrix of equivalence ratios from 0.6 to 0.8, with inlet reference velocities of 20 and 25 m/s. The acoustics of the fuel system for the combustor were tuned using an active-passive technique with an adjustable quarter-wave resonator. Data processing included computing the logarithm of the real-time current signal from the guard electrode, to compensate for the exponential decay of the potential field from the electrode. The data show the standard deviation of the guard current to be the most promising statistic investigated for correlation with the standard deviation of the chamber pressure. This correlation could expand the capabilities of CCADS to allow for dynamic pressure monitoring on commercial gas turbines without a pressure transducer.
10
Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
Full textAbstract:
The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.